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Geopolymer composite is an alternative to ordinary Portland cement. It has potential to avoid CO2 emissions to the atmosphere and to save raw materials during its manufacture. Flyash-based geopolymer concrete is altered by adding ground granulated bast-furnace slag (GGBS) to improve its fresh and hardened properties. Thermal ash aggregate is used as coarse aggregate to reduce geopolymer concrete density, improve strength, and conserve natural aggregate. Along with this matrix, coconut husk microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is added to enhance its performance. In a M40 grade flyash and GGBS-based geopolymer concrete, MCC was used to replace fly ash at 1% to 5% levels. The geopolymer composites were tested for slump, compression, split tensile, water absorption, and acid resistance to determine the way coconut husk MCC interacts with lightweight concrete. An inclusion of 3% MCC with geopolymer composites improved 2% slump, 6% of compressive and split tensile strength. About 1.6% of water absorption was reduced in GPC matrix with 3% of MCC. Meanwhile 3% of MCC in geopolymer concrete improved, 4% of weight and 7% of strength under acid exposure. The research strongly supported utilizing MCC in geopolymer concrete to render it more sustainable and eco-friendlier.

Abstract Smart cities and the Internet of Things have enabled the integration of communicating devices for efficient decision-making. Notably, traffic congestion is one major problem faced by daily commuters in urban cities. In developed countries, specialized sensors are deployed to gather traffic information to predict traffic patterns. Any traffic updates are shared with the commuters via the Internet. Such solutions become impracticable when physical infrastructure and Internet connectivity are either non-existent or very limited. In case of developing countries, no roadside units are available and Internet connectivity is still an issue in remote areas. Internet traffic analysis is a thriving field of study due to the myriad ways in which it may be put to practical use. In the intelligent Internet-of-Vehicles (IOVs), traffic congestion can be predicted and identified using cutting-edge technologies. Using tree-based decision-tree, random-forest, extra-tree, and XGBoost machine learning (ML) strategies, this research proposes an intelligent-transport-system for the IOVs-based vehicular network traffic in a smart city set-up. The suggested system uses ensemble learning and averages the selection of crucial features to give high detection accuracy at minimal computational costs, as demonstrated by the simulation results. For IOV-based vehicular network traffic, the tree-based ML approaches with feature-selection (FS) outperformed those without FS. When contrasted to the lowest KNN accuracy of 96.6% and the highest SVM accuracy of 98.01%, the Stacking approach demonstrates superior accuracy as 99.05%.

Natural fibers are gaining popularity among researchers and academics for use in polymer composites due to their environmental friendliness and long-term viability.A new series of green composites using chicken feather fiber (CFF) and jute as reinforcing materials in a polypropylene resin-based polymer matrixwere used to fabricate the hybrid composites. This paper examines the impact of molding pressure, temperature, and time on the tensile strength and water absorption characteristics of compression molded hybrid composites. The findings of experiments undertaken to evaluate hybrid composites produced with different fiber fractions and processing parameters are discussed in this paper.When the composites’ overall tensile strength was compared, the 100% Jute fiber composite had the highest tensile strength when the maximum pressure, temperature, and time were kept constant. Temperature and pressure have a considerable impact on composite sample tensile strength, whereas time has little influence.As predicted, raising the jute weight percentage in composites increases water absorption.

Infections are the main cause for delayed wound healing. Graphene oxide (GO) and cerium oxide nanoparticles are used for many biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility and therapeutic property. Cerium Oxide (CeO2)/Graphene Oxide (GO) nanocomposite was synthesized in this work. It shows good antimicrobial property against wound pathogens. The aggregation of CeO2 particles on GO results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits microbial growth. The synthesized nanocomposites were analysed by X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Fourier transformation-IR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of CeO2/GO nanocomposite was tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). Well diffusion method, growth curve studies, bio film inhibition studies and colony count studies were done in both presence and absence of visible light. The mechanistic investigation was done by the determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH) assay and DNA fragmentation assay.

The effect of magnetic field dependent (MFD) viscosity on the thermal convection in a ferrofluid layer saturating a sparsely distributed porous medium has been investigated by using the Darcy-Brinkman model in the simultaneous presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field and a uniform vertical rotation. A correction is applied to the study of Vaidyanathan et al . [11] which is very important in order to predict the correct behavior of MFD viscosity. A linear stability analysis has been carried out for stationary modes and oscillatory modes separately. The critical wave number and critical Rayleigh number for the onset of instability, for the case of free boundaries, are determined numerically for sufficiently large values of the magnetic parameter M 1 . Numerical results are obtained and are illustrated graphically. It is shown that magnetic field dependent viscosity has a destabilizing effect on the system for the case of stationary mode and a stabilizing effect for the case of oscillatory mode, whereas magnetization has a destabilizing effect.

Mathematical and epidemiological simulation plays a pivotal role in predicting, anticipating, and controlling present and future epidemics. To better understand and model the dynamics of a specific infection, researchers need to consider the influence of many variables ranging from micro-host–pathogen interactions to host-to-host encounters, and the prevailing cultural, social, economic, and local customs worldwide. As reported by the WHO, a novel corona virus (COVID-19) is identified as the etiological virus through Wuhan pneumonia for unknown etiology with Chinese administration on Jan 7, 2020. This virus is designated as an unsympathetic SARS-Cov-2 by International Commission for Taxonomy of Viruses on Feb 11, 2020. The main aim is to enlarge a phase based mathematical modelling to specify the transferability of this disease. It is developed Reservoir-individuals spreading set of connections modelling for imitating the prospective broadcast as of the infectivity foundation in the direction of the person infectivity. In view of the fact that, the Reservoir has set of connections to rigid to see the sights obviously as well as communal anxieties are concentrating on top of the spreading starting reservoir to individuals. The subsequent generation matrix methodology is endorsed towards compute the fundamental reproduction number (R0) through the RP modelling to measure the transferability by the COVID-19. The values of R0 are estimated from reservoir to human being as well as starting individual to individual, that is to say, the accepted quantity of less important diseases this consequence from presenting a solitary contaminated personality addicted to differently susceptible inhabitants. The present model demonstrated that the spreading of COVID-19 is superior to the Middle-East pulmonary infirmity during the Middle-East nationals, analogous to harsh sensitive pulmonary infirmity, but inferior than Middle-East pulmonary infirmity within the Republic of Korea. It can also extend this study to some other countries, including Saudi Arabia, Italy, and Germany etc. The COVID-19 pandemic has become the leading societal concern. The pandemic has shown that the public health concern is not only a medical problem, but also affects society as a whole; so, it has also become the leading scientific concern.

A numerical simulation is presented to investigate the effect of an exponentially varying magnetic field on three dimensional flow of Zinc Oxide-Society of Automotive Engineers 50 nanolubricant (ZnO-SAE50nano-lubricant) past a stretching sheet. Subsequently the impact of homogenous and heterogeneous reactions on the flow of nanolubricant concerned has also taken into account. The study has been strengthened by introducing the convection mechanism and the effect of thermal radiation. Similarity transformations are employed to transform the set of partial governing equations into the set of ordinary differential equations. The suitable boundary conditions are used to obtain the numerical solution. The numerical results are simulated using Matlab bvp4c solver and validated with the existing results. The flow characteristics, thermal characteristics, nanoparticle concentration and some non-dimensional numbers are computed under the influence of the pertinent parameters. The valuable outcome of the current study is that augmented magnetic field strength is the root cause of diminishing axial as well as transverse velocities and growing trend of fluid temperature. Also, the coefficients of homogenous and heterogeneous reactions are boons for ascending concentration boundary layer. Keywords: MHD 3D flow, ZnO-SAE50nano-lubricant, Exponential stretching sheet, Convective heating mechanism, Thermal radiation, Heat generation/absorption

The problem of peristaltic transport of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid in a tapered asymmetric channel is debated under long-wavelength and low-Reynolds number assumptions. The fluid is considered to be fourth order and electrically conducting by a transverse magnetic field. The tapered asymmetry in the flow is induced by taking peristaltic wave imposed on the non uniform boundary walls to possess different amplitudes and phase. Series solutions for stream function, axial velocity and pressure gradient are given using regular perturbation technique, when Deborah number is small. Numerical computations have been performed for the pressure rise per wavelength. Influences of different physical parameters entering into the problem have also been discussed in detail.

In this work, the polarization splitter using dual-core elliptically cladding photonic crystal fiber is numerically investigated. The design features the polarization inducement with four distinct modes known as even and odd mode in X-polarization and Y-polarization respectively. Coupling length and normalized transmission are calculated. The result reveals that the polarization component is splitted at 1.56 μm. All the numerical studies are applied using the finite element method (FEM). Keywords: PCF, Polarization, Coupling length, Transmission, Finite element method

The peristaltic flow analysis in a tapered asymmetric channel has been made for a Johnson–Segalman fluid. The tapered asymmetric channel is assumed to be formed due to a peristaltic wave train on the non-uniform walls having different amplitudes and phase. Two-dimensional equations of a Johnson–Segalman fluid have been simplified by treating a long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The reduced equations are then solved for the stream function, axial velocity and axial pressure gradient using a regular perturbation technique. The expressions for the pressure rise, axial velocity and stream function are sketched and the reasons for the variations observed in various physical parameters are interpreted with valid theory. It has been noticed that peristaltic pumping region and free pumping decrease with an increase in non-uniform parameter and the situation is quite complimentary to the case of augmented pumping. It has also been observed that the size of the tapped bolus decreases with an increase in Weissenberg number.

In this paper, a numerical algorithm based on a modified He-Laplace method (MHLM) is proposed to solve space and time nonlinear fractional differential-difference equations (NFDDEs) arising in physical phenomena such as wave phenomena in fluids, coupled nonlinear optical waveguides and nanotechnology fields. The modified He-Laplace method is a combined form of the fractional homotopy perturbation method and Laplace transforms method. The nonlinear terms can be easily decomposed by the use of He’s polynomials. This algorithm has been tested against time-fractional differential-difference equations such as the modified Lotka Volterra and discrete (modified) KdV equations. The proposed scheme grants the solution in the form of a rapidly convergent series. Three examples have been employed to illustrate the preciseness and effectiveness of the proposed method. The achieved results expose that the MHLM is very accurate, efficient, simple and can be applied to other nonlinear FDDEs.

We analyzed the momentum and heat transfer characteristics of unsteady MHD flow of a dusty nanofluid over a vertical stretching surface in presence of volume fraction of dust and nano particles with non uniform heat source/sink. We considered two types of nanofluids namely Ag-water and Cu-water embedded with conducting dust particles. The governing equations are transformed in to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically using Shooting technique. The effects of non-dimensional governing parameters on velocity and temperature profiles for fluid and dust phases are discussed and presented through graphs. Also, the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are discussed and presented for two dusty nanofluids separately in tabular form. Results indicate that an increase in the volume fraction of dust particles enhances the heat transfer in Cu-water nanofluid compared with Ag-water nanofluid and a raise in the volume fraction of nano particles shows uniform heat transfer in both Cu-water and Ag-water nanofluids.

The Coimbatore is one of the leading tier two cities in India. Vehicles in this city are increasing day by day. The VANET is a self-organizing network between vehicles. There are so many interesting issues in VANET. So many routing protocols are already availing in the market. In this paper, we put forward an adaptive quality of service (QoS) based smart routing for VANETs with ant colony optimization algorithm find a smart route in Coimbatore city. This smart routing protocol is to adaptively choose the connections in the various available nodes, through which data packets clearance to reach the destination. The selected smart route should fulfill with the QoS constraints and satisfy the best QoS in terms of three metrics, namely connectivity, probability, packet delivery ratio and delay. The AQRV and Ant colony algorithm was simulated. The comparative result was studied at various optimal positions in the city.

In this study, four factors at three level central composite face centered design was employed to study and optimize the process variables on extraction of bioactive compounds (total anthocyanin, phenolic and flavonoid content) from Nephelium lappaceum L. fruit peel. The effect of process variables such as extraction temperature (30–50 °C), power of ultrasound (20–40 W), extraction time (10–30 min) and solid–liquid ratio (1:10–1:20 g/ml) is studied. Multiple regression analysis was done on the experimental data to develop second-order polynomial models with high coefficient of determination value (R2 > 0.99). The optimal conditions based on both individual and combinations of all process variables (extraction temperature of 50 °C, ultrasound power of 20 W, extraction time of 20 min and solid–liquid ratio of 1:18.6 g/ml) were determined by Derringer’s desired function methodology. Under these conditions, total anthocyanin (10.26 ± 0.39 (mg/100 g)), phenolics (552.64 ± 1.57 (mg GAE/100 g)) and flavonoid (104 ± 1.13 (mg RE/100 g)) content values were determined and it is closely related with the predicted values (10.17 mg/100 g of total anthocyanin, 546.98 mg GAE/100 g of total phenolics and 100.93 mg RE/100 g of total flavonoid content) and indicted the suitability of the developed models.

In this study, we present an analytical study on blood flow analysis through with a tapered porous channel. The blood flow was driven by the peristaltic pumping. Thermal radiation effects were also taken into account. The convective and slip boundary conditions were also applied in this formulation. These conditions are very helpful to carry out the behavior of particle movement which may be utilized for cardiac surgery. The tapered porous channel had an unvarying wave speed with dissimilar amplitudes and phase. The non-dimensional analysis was utilized for some approximations such as the proposed mathematical modelling equations were modified by using a lubrication approach and the analytical solutions for stream function, nanoparticle temperature and volumetric concentration profiles were obtained. The impacts of various emerging parameters on the thermal characteristics and nanoparticles concentration were analyzed with the help of computational results. The trapping phenomenon was also examined for relevant parameters. It was also observed that the geometric parameters, like amplitudes, non-uniform parameters and phase difference, play an important role in controlling the nanofluids transport phenomena. The outcomes of the present model may be applicable in the smart nanofluid peristaltic pump which may be utilized in hemodialysis.

In this study, a comparative approach was made between artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) to predict the mass transfer parameters of osmotic dehydration of papaya. The effects of process variables such as temperature, osmotic solution concentration and agitation speed on water loss, weight reduction, and solid gain during osmotic dehydration were investigated using a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken experimental design. Same design was utilized to train a feed-forward multilayered perceptron (MLP) ANN with back-propagation algorithm. The predictive capabilities of the two methodologies were compared in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), standard error of prediction (SEP), model predictive error (MPE), chi square statistic (χ2), and coefficient of determination (R2) based on the validation data set. The results showed that properly trained ANN model is found to be more accurate in prediction as compared to RSM model.

This paper analyzes the peristaltic flow of an incompressible micropolar nanofluid in a tapered asymmetric channel in the presence of thermal radiation and heat sources parameters. The rotation of the nanoparticles is incorporated in the flow model. The equations governing the nanofluid flow are modeled and exact solutions are managed under long wavelength and flow Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations. Explicit expressions of axial velocity, stream function, microrotation, nanoparticle temperature, and concentration have been derived. The phenomena of shear stress and trapping have also been discussed. Finally, the influences of various parameters of interest on flow variables have been discussed numerically and explained graphically. Besides, the results obtained in this paper will be helpful to those who are working on the development of various realms like fluid mechanics, the rotation, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, coupling number, micropolar parameter, and the nondimensional geometry parameters.

BACKGROUND Enduring the disease and curing internal sphincter spasm while maintaining continence is the aim of treating the anal fissure. Although they can lead to issues like decreased anal continence, surgical techniques such as lateral internal sphincterotomy or manual anal dilatation have a positive healing impact. We wanted to study the effects of lateral internal sphincterotomy and the application of 2% diltiazem gel. METHODS At Government Vellore Medical College, 100 patients of both sexes, ages 20 to 60, who had recurrent symptoms of fissure in ano for longer than six weeks, participated in this two-year observational study. Patients were chosen at random for either surgery or diltiazem therapy. Patients who were chosen to get diltiazem therapy were told to implant the gel twice daily, up to a 1.5-2 cm length. Spinal anaesthesia was used for the internal sphincterotomy procedure. Post-surgery complications like haemorrhage and hematoma were noted. For a descriptive analysis, the results were tabulated. RESULTS 39% of the sample belonged to the 20-30 age group, and 31% to the 31-40 age group. 17% and 13% of those were between the ages of 41 and 50 and 51 and 60, respectively. 36% of people were female, and 64% of people were male. After four weeks, every patient in the internal sphincterotomy group had totally healed and was pain-free. After three months of follow-up, 10 (20%) patients in the diltiazem group reported having minor pain, while 39 (78%) reported being almost pain-free. Due to inadequate pain alleviation from diltiazem, four patients (8%) had internal sphincterotomies. Eight patients were lost to follow-up after receiving treatment with diltiazem gel, leaving 40 (80%) of the patients with fully healed fissures after 4-8 weeks. Out of the 50 patients who had an internal sphincterotomy, 45 (90%) fully recovered after 4 weeks, with six patients lost to follow-up. Both the internal sphincterotomy group and the diltiazem gel group reported no problems. CONCLUSION In treating chronic anal fissures, internal sphincterotomy works better than topical diltiazem. However, topical diltiazem is safe, simple to use, and has few side effects. It might be taken into consideration for people who are not surgical candidates or who refuse surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND In order to distinguish individuals with a difficult perforated appendicitis from those with an acute appendicitis that is not too complicated, there is a growing need for quick and safe markers. That is why the current study was conducted to see if a higher-than-normal bilirubin level may be used as a predictor of an appendicular perforation diagnosis. METHODS Between October 2021 and October 2022, 100 patients who had been hospitalised at Government Vellore Medical College and Hospital for acute appendicitis and were undergoing emergency appendectomy participated in a prospective, non-randomized observational study. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to total and analyse the data that was gathered. The odds ratio, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were computed using a 2 x 2 table. RESULTS Of the 100 patients, 36% had an appendicular perforation and 64% had a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Out of the 36 patients who received an appendix perforation diagnosis, 24 had high bilirubin levels and 12 had normal bilirubin levels. The age range of 21 to 30 years old was the one where appendicular perforations were most common. Compared to just 16.7% of individuals with values <=1, appendicular perforation was seen in 85.7% of patients with total bilirubin >1 mg/dl. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Total bilirubin had 83.3% and 85.7%, respectively, of sensitivity and specificity in predicting the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and appendicular perforation. Total bilirubin had a 93.7% positive predictive value for both the diagnosis of appendicitis and appendicular perforation. 66.7% was the negative predictive value. 86.2% of patients with direct bilirubin >0.3 mg/dl developed appendicular perforation, whereas only 15.5% of patients with levels between 0.1 and 0.3 mg/dl experienced this condition. CONCLUSION In addition to or instead of other biochemical and radiographic markers, serum bilirubin has the specificity and sensitivity to predict appendicular perforation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]