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27 results on '"J. Polec"'

1. A Novel Technique of Error Concealment Method Selection in Texture Images Using ALBP Classifier

Author

Z. Tothova and J. Polec

Subjects
Error concealment, re-synthesis, inpainting, texture, extrapolation, classification, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

There are many error concealment techniques for image processing. In the paper, the focus is on restoration of image with missing blocks or macroblocks. Different methods can be optimal for different kinds of images. In recent years, great attention was dedicated to textures, and specific methods were developed for their processing. Many of them use classification of textures as an integral part. It is also of an advantage to know the texture classification to select the best restoration technique. In the paper, selection based on texture classification with advanced local binary patterns and spatial distribution of dominant patterns is proposed. It is shown, that for classified textures, optimal error concealment method can be selected from predefined ones, resulting then in better restoration. For testing, three methods of extrapolation and texture synthesis were used.

Published
2010

2. A Three-Level Hierarchical Encoder Using Shape Independent Transform

Author

J. Polec and M. Mojzes

Subjects
Image compression, hierarchical multiresolution encoding, shape independent transform, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

In this paper a scheme for utilizing shape independent basis functions for a hierarchical multiresolution image compression is shown. First, an image is segmented and its segments' boundaries are polygon approximated, thus achieving an image mask. Second, this image mask and the image are used as an input of a three-level hierarchical encoder. The hierarchical encoder subsamples the image and the image mask and encodes them shape independently; it produces an output bit stream on a respective level that is also used on lower level(s) for further coding. On the base level a triangulation of the image mask is performed for superior performance. Another compression mode is, hence, introduced for the shape independent transform coding.

Published
2007

3. Segmentation Based Image Scanning

Author

K. Hasenohrlova, J. Polec, and R. Pracko

Subjects
Segmentation, scanning, adjacent pixel similarity, pixel differences, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The submitted paper deals with separate scanning of individual image segments. A new image processing approach based on image segmentation and segment scanning is presented. The resulting individual segments 1-dimensional representation provides higher neighbor pixel similarity than the 1-dimensional representation of the original image. This increased adjacent pixel similarity was achieved even without application of different recursive 2-dimensional scanning methods [4], such as Peano-Hilbert scanning method [1]. The resulting 1-dimensional image representation provides a good base for applying lossless compression methods, such as the entropic coding. The paper contains also results analysis of the traditional method scanned segment pixels and adjacent pixel differences from the entropy point of view. As these results indicate the lossy compression methods could be applicable using this approach as well and might improve the final results as confirmed by simple prediction algorithm results presented in this paper. More complex and sophisticated lossy compression algorithms application will be a part of the future work.

Published
2007

4. Error Concealment using Neural Networks for Block-Based Image Coding

Author

M. Mokos, M. Kelesi, J. Polec, M. Oravec, and J. Pavlovicova

Subjects
Block-based image coding, error concealment, image restoration multilayer perceptron, radial basis function network, mobile radio channels, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

In this paper, a novel adaptive error concealment (EC) algorithm, which lowers the requirements for channel coding, is proposed. It conceals errors in block-based image coding systems by using neural network. In this proposed algorithm, only the intra-frame information is used for reconstruction of the image with separated damaged blocks. The information of pixels surrounding a damaged block is used to recover the errors using the neural network models. Computer simulation results show that the visual quality and the MSE evaluation of a reconstructed image are significantly improved using the proposed EC algorithm. We propose also a simple non-neural approach for comparison.

Published
2006

5. Hybrid Scheme with Triangulations for Transform Coding

Author

I. Kolingerova, J. Polec, and M. Partyk

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Our approach to image region approximation offers a complete schemeconsisting of several steps. We separate the encoding of regionboundaries from the texture description. The original image is firstsegmented using an unsupervised segmentation method for color-textureregions. Following polygonal approximation of created regions causesthe degradation of region boundaries. The triangulation is then appliedto polygons and either all short edges, or all small triangles arefiltered out from the triangular mesh. This results in new smallerregions. The encoding and decoding of polygons and triangles is veryefficient, because we need to store only the vertices. For textureapproximation we use 2D shape independent orthogonal transforms (e.g.DCT II). The texture is encoded with a code similar to JPEG arithmeticcode. The encoding scheme proposed in this paper is much faster thanlatest approaches with polygonal approximation. We present the twotriangulation algorithms - constrained greedy (CGT) and constrainedDelaunay triangulation (CDT). Both CGT and CDT provide similar results.

Published
2003

6. A Comparison of Selected GBN ARQ Schemes for Variable-Error-Rate Channel Using QAM

Author

Kotuliakova, K., J. Polec, P. Kosut, and P. Alexova

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

In non-stationary channels, error rates vary considerably. The papercompares Yao's Adaptive Go-back-N (GBN) Automatic-Repeat-Request (ARQ)scheme with Adaptive go-back-N with sliding window mechanism which bothestimate the channel state in a simple manner, and adaptively switchtheir operation mode. The throughput of these schemes is compared inconditions of Additive White Gauss Noise (AWGN) channel withindependent errors using 16-QAM modulation.

Published
2002

7. Application of Shape-Independent Orthogonal Transforms for Image Interpolation

Author

T. Karlubikova, J. Pavlovicova, and J. Polec

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

In the contribution we develop a new method for object-orientedinterpolation of images. It is an important tool in image processing,since using interpolation we can considerably decrease amount of data,necessary for image reconstruction. Application of this interpolationenables to down-sample the object separately. The selected object canbe processed at the different sampling level. This approach allowsobject oriented zoom, for example. Moreover, object - oriented approachis a very novel idea that helps to understand the content of image.Method is created from cosine approximation implemented to coding withshape - independent basis functions.

Published
2002

8. Extrapolation of Incomplete Image Data with Discrete Orthogonal Transforms

Author

J. Polec and T. Karlubikova

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

In image processing and transmission, interpolation andextrapolation are of great importance whenever missing pixels have tobe filled in, and many methods have been proposed to solve thisproblem. In this paper we present a method for extrapolating themissing data with an existing set of basis functions of a selectedorthogonal transform. The best extrapolation is found according tolinear approximation theory as a weighted sum of basis functions, wherecoefficients of the sum are solutions of the derived matrix equation.

Published
2004

9. Throughput Analysis of an Adaptation Rule in the HARQ Environment

Author

K. Kotuliakova, J. Polec, and S. Goga

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

In this paper we analyze the adaptation rule, which estimates thechannel state and switches between hybrid ARQ(automatic-repeat-request) and pure ARQ. Convolutional code was chosenas FEC (forward-error-correction) in hybrid ARQ part and go-back-N ARQscheme is used in both cases. The adaptation rule is based on countingACKs and NAKs and its throughput analysis is made.

Published
2003

10. An Effective Go-Back-N Automatic-Repeat-Request Scheme for Variable-Error-Rate Channels

Author

P. Menhart, P. Diaz, J. Polec, and P. Kosut

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

In non stationary channels, error rates vary considerably. This paper proposes an effective go-back-N (GBN) Automatic-Repeat-Request (ARQ) scheme which estimates the channel state in a simple manner, and adaptively switches its operation mode. It provides higher throughput than other comparable ARQ schemes in conditions of Land-Mobile-Satellite (LMS) channel.

Published
1999

11. Discrete Orthogonal Transforms and Neural Networks for Image Interpolation

Author

J. Polec and M. Oravec

Subjects
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

In this contribution we present transform and neural network approaches to the interpolation of images. From transform point of view, the principles from [1] are modified for 1st and 2nd order interpolation. We present several new interpolation discrete orthogonal transforms. From neural network point of view, we present interpolation possibilities of multilayer perceptrons. We use various configurations of neural networks for 1st and 2nd order interpolation. The results are compared by means of tables.

Published
1999

13. Analysis of ARQ schemes

Author

J. Polec, D. Šimlaštíková, and K. Kotuliaková

Subjects
Go-Back-N ARQ, Selective Repeat ARQ, Computational complexity theory, Computer engineering, Computer science, Automatic repeat request, Sliding window protocol, Real-time computing, Word error rate, Hybrid automatic repeat request, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Error detection and correction
Abstract

Although the wireless communication systems offer limitless possibilities of service utilization, these systems are not error free. Variable error rate of these systems is the main reason of being concerned with error control techniques. Selection of suitable error control techniques is very important and depends on performance. We can choose from three basic techniques Send-and-wait, Go-back-N and Selective repeat. Nowadays, Hybrid Automatic repeat request techniques have the best aptitude for solving the problem with error detection. The thesis deals with division and functioning of Automatic repeat request schemes. In particular, we focus on the efficiency criterions of Automatic repeat request schemes--throughput and computational complexity. These criterions are presented based on simulations for Go-back-N scheme.

Published
2011
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14. The spin-dependent structure function g1(x) of the deuteron from polarized deep-inelastic muon scattering

Author

S. Bültmann, T. Kageya, M. Boutemeur, D. Fasching, T. Pussieux, A. Bressan, J. E.J. Oberski, E. M. Kabuß, E. Burtin, T. Matsuda, D.V. Peshekhonov, K. M. Teichert, I. Sabo, Jay Roberts, I.A. Savin, V. G. Krivokhijine, J. Nassalski, J. Zhao, N. de Botton, Victor Kukhtin, A. Bravar, B. W. Mayes, E. Arik, R. Seitz, G. Gratia, W. Tlaczala, J. Cranshaw, H. J. Kessler, Roland Windmolders, M. Lowe, A. Arvidson, J. Martino, A. Gallas, A. Nagaitsev, G. K. Mallot, M. Lamanna, Y. Ylöstalo, David Miller, Aina Yañez, G. Bardin, Drew Parks, L. Naumann, G. Unel, T. O. Niinikoski, J. Lichtenstadt, J. Kyynäräinen, F. Tessarotto, W. Kröger, H. Postma, J. Kiryluk, J. Saborido, M. Litmaath, L. S. Pinsky, P. Schiavon, N. Horikawa, B. Derro, D. von Harrach, M. K. Ballintijn, D. Krämer, Abhay Deshpande, F. Sever, R. Puntaferro, K. P. Schüler, E. Rondio, J. H. Moromisato, Satish Dhawan, G. Baum, F. Feinstein, T. Iwata, Yannis K. Semertzidis, J. Pyrlik, Mayda Velasco, L. Betev, S. Eichblatt, A. Witzmann, Patrick Hautle, P. Björkholm, T. Hasegawa, S. Dalla Torre, J. C. Faivre, L. Klostermann, J. M. Le Goff, F. Marie, J. S. McCarthy, C. Cavata, Regine Willumeit, Matias Rodriguez, C. Dulya, G. van Middelkoop, A. Ogawa, P. Berglund, B. Frois, S. Platchkov, Roy Weinstein, N. De Groot, J. Vogt, E. von Goeler, P. Shanahan, A. Kishi, A. Rosado, G. Rädel, G. Igo, S. Rock, T. Gaussiran, L. V. Kalinovskaya, Clemens A. Heusch, F. Simeoni, G.I. Smirnov, Ricardo Piegaia, T. Çuhadar, A. de Lesquen, J. Pretz, J. A. Garzon, Franco Bradamante, D. Y. Bardin, M. Giorgi, J. Polec, B. Badelek, C. Fernandez, R. Birsa, N. Hayashi, A. Sandacz, F. Perrot-Kunne, C.S. Ozben, S. Trentalange, D. G. Crabb, Yu. Kisselev, W. Wislicki, A. Steinmetz, T. Lindqvist, D. L. Adams, T. Akdogan, D. Pose, A. Rijllart, Bernardo Adeva, A. Dyring, Heinrich B. Stuhrmann, A. Staude, T. J. Ketel, V. W. Hughes, Ulrich Landgraf, A. Karev, F. Lehar, A. Magnon, A. Tripet, B. E. Bonner, M. Grosse-Perdekamp, Rudiger Voss, Michal Szleper, S. Ishimoto, R. van Dantzig, I. G. Bird, E. P. Sichtermann, K. Zaremba, M. Plo, U. Stiegler, Faustino Gómez, Kunikazu Mori, K. Medved, Anna Zanetti, K. Kurek, C. A. Whitten, Anne-Laure Martin, (Astro)-Particles Physics, D., Adam, B., Adeva, T., Akdogan, E., Arik, A., Arvidson, B., Badelek, M. K., Ballintijn, D., Bardin, G., Bardin, G., Baum, P., Berglund, L., Betev, I. G., Bird, Birsa, Renato, P., Björkholm, B. E., Bonner, N., de Botton, M., Boutemeur, Bradamante, Franco, A., Bravar, Bressan, Andrea, S., Bültmann, E., Burtin, C., Cavata, D., Crabb, J., Cranshaw, T., Çuhadar, DALLA TORRE, Silvia, R., van Dantzig, B., Derro, A., Deshpande, S., Dhawan, C., Dulya, A., Dyring, S., Eichblatt, J. C., Faivre, D., Fasching, F., Feinstein, C., Fernandez, B., Froi, A., Galla, J. A., Garzon, T., Gaussiran, Giorgi, Marcello, E., von Goeler, F., Gomez, G., Gracia, N., de Groot, M., Grosse Perdekamp, D., von Harrach, T., Hasegawa, P., Hautle, N., Hayashi, C. A., Heusch, N., Horikawa, V. W., Hughe, G., Igo, S., Ishimoto, T., Iwata, E. M., Kabuß, T., Kageya, L., Kalinovskaya, A., Karev, H. J., Kessler, T. J., Ketel, J., Kiryluk, A., Kishi, Kisselev, Y. u., L., Klostermann, D., Krämer, V., Krivokhijine, W., Kröger, V., Kukhtin, K., Kurek, J., Kyynäräinen, M., Lamanna, U., Landgraf, J. M., Le Goff, F., Lehar, A., de Lesquen, J., Lichtenstadt, T., Lindqvist, M., Litmaath, M., Lowe, A., Magnon, G. K., Mallot, F., Marie, Martin, Anna, J., Martino, T., Matsuda, B., Maye, J. S., Mccarthy, K., Medved, G., van Middelkoop, D., Miller, K., Mori, J., Moromisato, A., Nagaitsev, J., Nassalski, L., Naumann, T. O., Niinikoski, J. E. J., Oberski, A., Ogawa, C., Ozben, D. P., Park, F., Perrot Kunne, D., Peshekhonov, R., Piegaia, L., Pinsky, S., Platchkov, M., Plo, J., Polec, D., Pose, H., Postma, J., Pretz, R., Puntaferro, T., Pussieux, J., Pyrlik, G., Rädel, G., Rijllart, J. B., Robert, S., Rock, M., Rodriguez, E., Rondio, A., Rosado, I., Sabo, J., Saborido, A., Sandacz, I., Savin, Schiavon, Paolo, K. P., Schüler, R., Seitz, Y., Semertzidi, F., Sever, P., Shanahan, E. P., Sichtermann, Simeoni, Fabrizio, G. I., Smirnov, A., Staude, A., Steinmetz, U., Stiegler, H., Stuhrmann, M., Szleper, K. M., Teichert, F., Tessarotto, W., Tlaczala, S., Trentalange, A., Tripet, G., Unel, M., Velasco, J., Vogt, R., Vo, R., Weinstein, C., Whitten, R., Windmolder, R., Willumeit, W., Wislicki, A., Witzmann, A., Yañez, Y., Ylöstalo, Zanetti, ANNA MARIA, K., Zaremba, and J., Zhao

Subjects
Physics, DIS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Strange quark, Muon, SMC, Scattering, g1 structure function, Perturbative QCD, Deep inelastic scattering, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sum rule in quantum mechanics, Nucleon, Particle Physics - Experiment, Spin-½
Abstract

We present a new measurement of the spin-dependent structure function $g_{1}^{\rm d}$ of the deuteron from deep inelastic scattering of 190 GeV polarized muons on polarized deuterons. The results are combined with our previous measurements of $g_{1}^{\rm d}$. A perturbative QCD evolution in next-to-leading order is used to compute $g_{1}^{\rm d}(x)$ at a constant $Q^{2}$. At $Q^{2} = 10$ GeV$^{2}$, we obtain a first moment $\Gamma_{1}^{\rm d} = \int_{0}^{1} g_{1}^{\rm d}{\rm d}x = 0.041 \pm 0.008$, a flavour-singlet axial charge of the nucleon $a_{0} = 0.30 \pm 0.08$, and an axial charge of the strange quark $a_{s} = -0.09 \pm 0.03$. Using our earlier determination of $\Gamma_{1}^{\rm p}$, we obtain $\Gamma_1^{\rm p} - \Gamma_1^{\rm n} = 0.183 \pm 0.035$ at $Q^2 = 10\,\mbox{GeV}^2$. This result is in agreement with the Bjorken sum rule which predicts $\Gamma_1^{\rm p} - \Gamma_1^{\rm n} = 0.186 \pm 0.002$ at the same $Q^2$.

Published
1997
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15. Intelligent image coding using saliency map extended SPIHT algorithm

Author

J. Polec and R. Vargic

Subjects
Pixel, Computer science, business.industry, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Pattern recognition, Extension (predicate logic), Image (mathematics), Set partitioning in hierarchical trees, Region of interest, Encoding (memory), Algorithm design, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Decoding methods
Abstract

SPIHT algorithm is well known reference for image coding algorithms. In this paper we present its specific extension called SM SPIHT related to region of interest encoding (ROI) but extending this approach further, ending with individual weight of importance for each pixel in image using the form of saliency map (SM). With carefully designed saliency map the approach has proven to be effective. The properties of proposed algorithm are presented and discussed in detail and further possible directions are outlined.

Published
2015
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16. Unequal Error Protection of Facial Features for Personal ID Images Coding

Author

T. Hirner and J. Polec

Subjects
ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY
Abstract

This paper presents an approach for an unequal error protection of facial features of personal ID images coding. We consider unequal error protection (UEP) strategies for the efficient progressive transmission of embedded image codes over noisy channels. This new method is based on the progressive image compression embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) algorithm and UEP technique with defined region of interest (ROI). In this case is ROI equal facial features within personal ID image. ROI technique is important in applications with different parts of importance. In ROI coding, a chosen ROI is encoded with higher quality than the background (BG). Unequal error protection of image is provided by different coding techniques and encoding LL band separately. In our proposed method, image is divided into two parts (ROI, BG) that consist of more important bytes (MIB) and less important bytes (LIB). The proposed unequal error protection of image transmission has shown to be more appropriate to low bit rate applications, producing better quality output for ROI of the compresses image. The experimental results verify effectiveness of the design. The results of our method demonstrate the comparison of the UEP of image transmission with defined ROI with facial features and the equal error protection (EEP) over additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.

Published
2013
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17. Unequal Error Protection For Region Of Interest With Embedded Zerotree Wavelet

Author

T. Hirner and J. Polec

Subjects
region of interest (ROI), embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW), ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, RS code, unequal error protection (UEP), Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY, equal error protection (EEP)
Abstract

This paper describes a new method of unequal error protection (UEP) for region of interest (ROI) with embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm (EZW). ROI technique is important in applications with different parts of importance. In ROI coding, a chosen ROI is encoded with higher quality than the background (BG). Unequal error protection of image is provided by different coding techniques. In our proposed method, image is divided into two parts (ROI, BG) that consist of more important bytes (MIB) and less important bytes (LIB). The experimental results verify effectiveness of the design. The results of our method demonstrate the comparison of the unequal error protection (UEP) of image transmission with defined ROI and the equal error protection (EEP) over multiple noisy channels., {"references":["J. M. Shapiro, \"Embedded image coding using zerotrees of wavelet\ncoefficients,\" IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 41, no. 12,\npp. 3445-3462, 1993.","V. S. Shingate, T. R. Sontakke and S. N. Talbar, \"Still Image\nCompression using Embedded Zerotree Wavelet Encoding,\"\nInternational Journal of Computer Science & Communication, vol. 1,\nno. 1, pp. 21-24, 2010.","D. Vijendra Babu and N. R. Alamelu, \"Wavelet Based Medical Image\nCompression Using ROI EZW,\" International Journal of Recent Trends\nin Enginnering, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 97-100, 2009.","T. M. P. Rajkumar and M. V. Latte, \"ROI Based Encoding of Medical\nImages: An Effective Scheme Using Lifting Wavelets and SPIHT for\nTelemedicine,\" International Journal of Computer Theory and\nEngineering, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 338-346, 2011.","M. Tamilarasi and V. Palanisamy, \"Fuzzy Based Image Compression on\nROI using Optimized Directional Contourlet Transform,\" International\nJournal of Recent Trends in Enginnering, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 217-221,\n2009.","Y. Yatawara, M. Caldera, T. M. Kusuma and H.-J. Zepernick, \"Unequal\nError Protection for ROI Coded Images over Fading Channels,\" Systems\nCommunications ICW-05, pp. 111-115, 2005.","M. H. Le and R. Liyana-Pathirana, \"Unequal Error Protection Codes for\nWavelet Image Transmission over W-CDMA, AWGN and Rayleigh\nFading Channels,\" 10th International Conference on\nTelecommunications (ICT 2003), vol. 2, pp. 1140 - 1146, 2003.","B. Masnick and J. Wolf, \"On Linear Unequal Error Protection Codes,\"\nIEEE Trans, Inform, Theory, vol. IT-13, pp. 600 - 607, 1967.","C. Chapman, S. Sanei, R. Dilmaghani, and F. Said, \"Progressive\ntransmission of medical images using embedded Zerotree wavelet\nencoding,\" Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on\nBiomedical Circuits and Systems (BioCAS -04), pp. S3.3-9-S3.3-12,\n2004.\n[10] J. L. Lo, S. Sanei and K. Nazarpour, \"An Adaptive Source - Channel\nCoding with Feedback for Progressive Transmission of Medical\nImages,\" International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications, vol.\n2009, no. 519417, pp. 1 - 12, 2009.\n[11] L. Liu and G. A. Fan, \"New JPEG 2000 Region-of-Interest Image\nCoding Method: Partial Significant Bitplanes Shift,\" IEEE Signal\nProcessing Letters, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 35-38, 2003.\n[12] Z. Wang and A. C. Bovic, \"Bitplane-by-Bitplane Shift (BbBShift) - A\nSuggestion for JPEG 2000 Region of Interest Coding,\" IEEE Signal\nProcessing Letters, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 160-162, 2002.\n[13] F. Idris and F. Atef, \"An Efficient Method for Region of Interest Coding\nin JPEG 2000,\" 5th WSEAS International Conference on Signal\nProcessing, pp. 65-69, 2006.\n[14] M. J. T. Smith and S. L. Eddins, \"Analysis/Synthesis Techniques for\nSubband Image Coding,\" IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, and Signal\nProc., vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1446 - 1456, 1990.\n[15] M. Antonini, M. Barlaud, P. Mathieu, and I. Daubechies, \"Image coding\nusing wavelet transform,\" IEEE Transactions of Image Processing, vol.\n1, no. 2, pp. 205-220, 1992.\n[16] F. Etemadi, and H. Jafarkhani, \"An Efficient Progressive Bitstream\nTransmission System for Hybrid Channels With Memory,\" IEEE Trans.\nMultimedia Sig. Proc., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1291-1298, 2006.\n[17] V. M. Stankovic, R. Hamzaoui, Y. Charfi, and X. Zixiang, \"Realtime\nunequal error protection algorithms for progressive image\ntransmission.\" IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1526 -\n1535, 2006.\n[18] W. Song, C. Kim and S. Lee, \"Progressive compression and\ntransmission of PointTexture images,\" J. Visual Comm. Image Rep.,\nvol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1090-1107, 2006.\n[19] P. H. Westerink, \"Subband coding of images,\" PhD thesis, Technische\nUniversiteit Delft, 1989.\n[20] H-S. Kong, A. Vetro, T. Hata and N. Kuwahara, \"Fast Region-of-\nInterest Transcoding for JPEG 2000 Images,\" IEEE International\nSymposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), vol. 2, pp. 952-955, 2005.\n[21] J. Oliver and M. P. Malumbres, \"An Implementation of the EZW\nAlgorithm,\" Universidad Jaume I (SNRFAI 2001), pp. 37-42, 2001.\n[22] A. P. Bradley and F. W. M. Stentiford, \"JPEG 2000 and Region of\nInterest Coding,\" Digital Image Computing Techniques and\nApplications (DICTA), vol. 303-308, 2002.\n[23] T. K. Moon, Error correction coding - Mathematical methods and\nalgorithm. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2005, ch. 6.\n[24] M. Oravec, J. Pavlovi─ìov├í, J. Mazanec, ─¢. Omelina, M. Féder and J.\nBan, \"Efficiency of Recognition Methods for Single Sample per Person\nBased Face Recognition,\" Reviews, Refinements and New Ideas in Face\nRecognition (InTech), pp. 181-206, 2011."]}

Published
2012
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18. Intelligibility of Cued Speech in Video

Author

P. Heribanová, J. Polec, S. Ondrušová, and M. Hosťovecký

Subjects
cued speech, logatom, video, inteligibility
Abstract

This paper discusses the cued speech recognition methods in videoconference. Cued speech is a specific gesture language that is used for communication between deaf people. We define the criteria for sentence intelligibility according to answers of testing subjects (deaf people). In our tests we use 30 sample videos coded by H.264 codec with various bit-rates and various speed of cued speech. Additionally, we define the criteria for consonant sign recognizability in single-handed finger alphabet (dactyl) analogically to acoustics. We use another 12 sample videos coded by H.264 codec with various bit-rates in four different video formats. To interpret the results we apply the standard scale for subjective video quality evaluation and the percentual evaluation of intelligibility as in acoustics. From the results we construct the minimum coded bit-rate recommendations for every spatial resolution., {"references":["M. Granat, Objective methods for evaluation of audio signal quality (in\nSlovak), Brno University of Technology. Brno, 2009.","D. Tarcsiov├í, Pedagogics of hearing-impaired (in Slovak), MABAG\nspol. s r. o., Bratislava, 2008.","M. Hefty, Finger alphabet (in Slovak), Organization Mysl├¡m -\ndevelopment of thinking not only for hearing-impaired (in Slovak),\n2009, www.zzz.sk","F. Mak├íň, Elektroacoustics (in Slovak), Vydavate─¥stvo STU Bratislava,\n1995.","J. Polec, S. Ondrušová, A. Mordelová, J. Filanová, \"New Objective\nMethod of Evaluation Cued Speech Recognition in Videoconferences,\"\nProceedings Redž├║r 2010: 4th International Workshop on Speech and\nSignal Processing, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, May, 14, 2010 -\nBratislava, STU v Bratislave FEI, 2010, 4 p., CD-Rom."]}

Published
2011
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19. Markov chain error generator for wireless channel

Author

J. Poctavek, K. Kotuliaková, J. Pavlovič, and J. Polec

Subjects
Markov chain, Packet loss, Network packet, Computer science, Real-time computing, Bit error rate, Network performance, Markov model, Error detection and correction, Communications protocol
Abstract

Significant advance in the networks design led to the need of optimizing the future communication protocols with the aim to evaluate the network performance. The most common techniques include simulation, analytical models and analysis of empirical data. Accurate error process modelling is necessary for understanding the network behaviour and is essential in designing of error control protocols or real time applications. Discrete Markov models, mainly the Gilbert model, are commonly used for modelling the network error characteristics. This approach is based on the analysis of a communication on link. In this paper we present error model for packet loss and subsequent error description. The proposed model simulates the error performance of wireless communication link. The model is designed as two independent Markov chains, where the first one is used for packet generation and the second one generates correctly and incorrectly transmitted bits for received packets from the first chain. The statistical analyses of real communication on the wireless link are used for determination of model’s parameters. The obtained results generated by proposed model are compared with the real data collection. It is also designed and programmed generator for received traffic. First part of this generator is a generator for packet loss. Second part is a generator for bit error rate. Using the obtained parameters and the implementation of the generator, we collected generated traffic. The obtained results generated by proposed model are compared with the real data collection.

Published
2011
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20. Measurement of proton and nitrogen polarization in ammonia and a test of equal spin temperature

Author

J. Polec, A. Schiller, J. Ylöstalo, Drew Parks, V. W. Hughes, M. Litmaath, G. Reicherz, M. Giorgi, A. Karev, J. M. Le Goff, Ulrich Landgraf, B. Derro, E. Arik, S. Ishimoto, Abhay Deshpande, S. Dalla Torre, G. Igo, J. Kiryluk, R. van Dantzig, H. Pereira Da Costa, David Miller, T. Hasegawa, J. A. Garzon, G. van Middelkoop, Franco Bradamante, E. Kok, Rudiger Voss, T. Matsuda, A. Rijllart, J. Vogt, H. Dutz, Bernardo Adeva, E. Rondio, H. Gilly, W. Meyer, S. Bültmann, P. Schiavon, Yu. Kisselev, D. Crabb, Heinrich B. Stuhrmann, M. Plückthun, A. de Lesquen, J. Lichtenstadt, Anna Zanetti, S. Platchkov, R. Puntaferro, P. Berglund, A. Magnon, A. Staude, D. Krämer, M. Plo, D. Fasching, R. Gehring, J. Cranshaw, M. Grosse Perdekamp, D. von Harrach, J. Harmsen, Matias Rodriguez, L. Betev, Kunikazu Mori, T. J. Ketel, C. Bradtke, N. Horikawa, K. Medved, J. S. McCarthy, Takahiro Iwata, J. E.J. Oberski, W. Tlaczala, Y. Miyachi, St. Goertz, E. P. Sichtermann, K. Kurek, J. Nassalski, A. Witzmann, I.A. Savin, M. Velasco, D. Peshekhonov, Günter Baum, U. Stiegler, C. Dulya, C. A. Whitten, B. W. Mayes, K. Zaremba, J. Kyynäräinen, Roland Windmolders, A. Tripet, A. Arvidson, S. Forthmann, Alan D. Martin, A. Gallas, G. K. Mallot, D. Pose, E. M. Kabuß, A. Ogawa, S. K. Dhawan, K. Haft, W. Wislicki, F. Tessarotto, F. Perrot-Kunne, W. Kröger, A. Steinmetz, H. Postma, N. de Botton, M. Lamanna, T. Kageya, B. Frois, Clemens A. Heusch, T. Çuhadar, F. Feinstein, J. Pretz, Lawrence Pinsky, G. Gracia, F. Lehar, F. Simeoni, G.I. Smirnov, A. Sandacz, G. Unel, N. De Groot, A. Bravar, G. Rädel, S. Eichblatt, B. Badelek, T. O. Niinikoski, C. Fernandez, N. Hayashi, Patrick Hautle, B., Adeva, E., Arik, A., Arvidson, B., Badelek, Guenter, Baum, P., Berglund, L., Betev, N., de Botton, Bradamante, Franco, C., Bradtke, A., Bravar, Stephen L., Bueltmann, D., Crabb, J., Cranshaw, T., Cuhadar, DALLA TORRE, Silvia, R., van Dantzig, B., Derro, A., Deshpande, S., Dhawan, C., Dulya, H., Dutz, S., Eichblatt, D., Fasching, F., Feinstein, C., Fernandez, S., Forthmann, B., Froi, A., Galla, J. A., Garzon, R., Gehring, H., Gilly, Giorgi, Marcello, S., Goertz, G., Gracia, N., de Groot, M., Grosse Perdekamp, K., Haft, J., Harmsen, D., von Harrach, T., Hasegawa, P., Hautle, N., Hayashi, C. A., Heusch, N., Horikawa, V. W., Hughe, G., Igo, S., Ishimoto, T., Iwata, E. M., Kabu, T., Kageya, A., Karev, T. J., Ketel, J., Kiryluk, Kiselev, Y. u., E., Kok, D., Kramer, W., Kroger, K., Kurek, J., Kyynarainen, M., Lamanna, U., Landgraf, J. M., Le Goff, F., Lehar, A., de Lesquen, J., Lichtenstadt, M., Litmaath, A., Magnon, G. K., Mallot, Martin, Anna, T., Matsuda, B., Maye, J. S., Mccarthy, K., Medved, W., Meyer, G., van Middelkoop, D., Miller, Y., Miyachi, K., Mori, J., Nassalski, T. O., Niinikoski, J. E. J., Oberski, A., Ogawa, D. P., Park, H., Pereira da Costa, F., Kunne, D., Peshekhonov, Lawrence S., Pinsky, S., Platchkov, M., Plo, M., Pluckthun, J., Polec, D., Pose, H., Postma, J., Pretz, R., Puntaferro, G., Radel, G., Reicherz, A., Rijllart, M., Rodriguez, E., Rondio, A., Sandacz, Igor A., Savin, Schiavon, Paolo, A., Schiller, E. P., Sichtermann, F., Simeoni, G. I., Smirnov, A., Staude, A., Steinmetz, U., Stiegler, H., Stuhrmann, F., Tessarotto, W., Tlaczala, A., Tripet, G., Unel, M., Velasco, J., Vogt, R., Vo, C., Whitten, R., Windmolder, W., Wislicki, A., Witzmann, J., Ylostalo, Zanetti, ANNA MARIA, K., Zaremba, and (Astro)-Particles Physics

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, spin resonance, Proton, p polarized target, Nuclear Theory, chemistry.chemical_element, Ammonia, chemistry.chemical_compound, Paramagnetism, Irradiation, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Physics, Coupling constant, polarization, quadrupolar interactions, Polarization (waves), Nitrogen, nitrogen polarized target, dynamic nuclear, nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Deuterium, Atomic physics
Abstract

The 1996 data taking of the SMC experiment used polarized protons to measure the spin-dependent structure function g(1) of the proton. Three liters of solid granular ammonia were irradiated at the Bonn electron linac in order to create the paramagnetic radicals which are needed for polarizing the protons. Proton polarizations of +/- (90 +/- 2.5)% were routinely reached. An analysis based on a theoretical line shape for spin-1. systems with large quadrupolar broadening was developed which allowed the nitrogen polarization in the ammonia to be determined with a 10% relative error. The measured quadrupolar coupling constant of N-14 agrees well with earlier extrapolated values. The polarization of the nitrogen nuclei was measured as a function of the proton polarization in order to provide a test of the equal spin temperature (EST) hypothesis. It was found to be closely valid under the dynamic nuclear polarization conditions with which the protons are polarized. Large deviations from EST could be induced by cross relaxing the proton and nitrogen spin systems at low fields. Nitrogen polarizations up to 40% were reached by these means. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
1998
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21. Successive restoration of nfissing image segments

Author

A. Varchola, A. Brezina, and J. Polec

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Image segmentation, Texture (music), Object (computer science), Image (mathematics), Image texture, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Image restoration, Decoding methods, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract

This paper introduces a method for restoration of missing arbitrarily shaped image segments using combined dircrete orthogonal trunsforms (DOT). The missing segment texture is successively interpoIate8/extrapolafed using the texture of the correctly decoded segments belonging to the same object, rhus having the same texture pattern.

Published
2005
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22. SCAN methodology optimization based on correlation

Author

M. Kovacikova, J. Pavlovicova, T. Karlubikova, and J. Polec

Subjects
Lossless compression, business.industry, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Lossy compression, Image (mathematics), Correlation, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Algorithm, Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding, Mathematics, Feature detection (computer vision), Data compression, Image compression
Abstract

This paper presents a new scheme for lossless image coding with SCAN image data scanning (Maniccam et al. (2001)). A methodology for creation of a convenient space-filling curve based on correlation is introduced.

Published
2003
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23. An exact throughput analysis of optimum adaptive go-back-N scheme

Author

P. Kosut and J. Polec

Subjects
Go-Back-N ARQ, Scheme (programming language), business.industry, Computer science, Automatic repeat request, Telecommunications, business, computer, Throughput (business), Algorithm, computer.programming_language
Abstract

An optimum adaptive go-back-N (GBN) scheme is studied. The considered scheme is an enhancement of recently proposed adaptive schemes in the papers by Yao (1995), Chakraborty and Liinaharja (1999), with principles of the optimum GBN scheme presented by Bruneel and Moeneclaey (1986) in their study. An exact throughput analysis of the scheme is presented.

Published
2002
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24. A new version of region based BTC

Author

J. Polec and J. Pavlovicova

Subjects
Chain code, Engineering drawing, Computer science, Variable-length code, Segmentation, Image segmentation, Algorithm, Block Truncation Coding, Data compression, Coding (social sciences), Color Cell Compression
Abstract

An efficient description of image segments having an arbitrary shape is one of the main problems in object oriented coding. In our contribution, we introduce a scheme for region based coding derived from the BTC (block truncation code) algorithm (see Farkas, P. et al., "Adaptive Image Coding Based on Generalized IBTC", Broadband Islands 1994: Connecting with the End-User, Elsevier Science B.V., 1994). After segmentation, contours of the created regions are described by an 8-directional chain code as in MPEG-4. In the interior of the regions, there is applied a modified BTC algorithm that we call RTC-region truncation code. The results of compression are compared with BTC. Especially for low bit rate image coding, we achieved, in some cases, a better visual quality using similar values of an objective criterion parameter (MSE). In our approach, it is not necessary to follow the rules for the BTC channel encoder.

Published
2002
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25. Investigation into optimum go-back-N ARQ strategy of Bruneel and Moeneclaey

Author

J. Polec and P. Kosut

Subjects
Scheme (programming language), Go-Back-N ARQ, business.industry, Computer science, Automatic repeat request, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Hybrid automatic repeat request, Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY, Selective Repeat ARQ, Sliding window protocol, Data_FILES, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, computer, computer.programming_language, Computer network
Abstract

A continuous automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme is considered which is an extension of the classic go-back-N ARQ scheme and a simplification of the optimum go-back-N ARQ strategy proposed by Bruneel and Moeneclaey (1986).

Published
2000
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26. Eye tracking based dyslexia detection using a holistic approach.

Author

Nerušil B, Polec J, Škunda J, and Kačur J

Subjects
Algorithms, Data Analysis, Humans, Machine Learning, Neural Networks, Computer, Reading, Dyslexia diagnosis, Eye Movements, Eye-Tracking Technology
Abstract

A new detection method for cognitive impairments is presented utilizing an eye tracking signals in a text reading test. This research enhances published articles that extract combination of various features. It does so by processing entire eye-tracking records either in time or frequency whereas applying only basic signal pre-processing. Such signals were classified as a whole by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) that hierarchically extract substantial features scatter either in time or frequency and nonlinearly binds them using machine learning to minimize a detection error. In the experiments we used a 100 fold cross validation and a dataset containing signals of 185 subjects (88 subjects with low risk and 97 subjects with high risk of dyslexia). In a series of experiments it was found that magnitude spectrum based representation of time interpolated eye-tracking signals recorded the best results, i.e. an average accuracy of 96.6% was reached in comparison to 95.6% that is the best published result on the same database. These findings suggest that a holistic approach involving small but complex enough CNNs applied to properly pre-process and expressed signals provides even better results than a combination of meticulously selected well-known features., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2021
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27. An Analysis of Eye-Tracking Features and Modelling Methods for Free-Viewed Standard Stimulus: Application for Schizophrenia Detection.

Author

Kacur J, Polec J, Smolejova E, and Heretik A

Subjects
Eye Movements, Eye-Tracking Technology, Humans, Neural Networks, Computer, Schizophrenia diagnosis
Abstract

Currently psychiatry is a medical field lacking an automated diagnostic process. The presence of a mental disorder is established by observing its typical symptoms. Eye-movement specifics have already been established as an "endophenotype" for schizophrenia, but an automated diagnostic process of eye-movement analysis is still lacking. This article presents several novel approaches for the automatic detection of a schizophrenic disorder based on a free-view image test using a Rorschach inkblot and an eye tracker. Several features that enabled us to analyse the eye-tracker signal as a whole as well as its specific parts were tested. The variety of features spans global (heat maps, gaze plots), sequences of features (means, variances, and spectra), static (x and y signals as 2D images), dynamic (velocities), and model-based (limiting probabilities and transition matrices) categories. For each set of features, a proper modelling and classification method was designed (convolutional, recurrent, fully connected and combined neural networks; Hidden Markov models). By doing so, it was possible to find the importance of each feature and its physical representation using k-fold cross validation and a paired t-test. The dataset was sampled on 22 people with schizophrenia and 22 healthy individuals. The most successful approach was based on heat maps using all data and convolutional networks, reaching a 78.8% accuracy, which is a 10.5% improvement over the reference method. From all tested methods, there are two in an 85% accuracy range and over fifteen others in a 75% accuracy range at a 10% significance level.

Published
2020
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