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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Traumatologie des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs stellt nicht nur einen Teilbereich des HNO-Fachgebiets dar, sondern bildet mit ihren Krankheitsbildern zudem eine große Schnittmenge mit Nachbardisziplinen der Kopf-Hals-Region. In Freiburg wurde im Wintersemester 2021/2022 eine interdisziplinäre Vorlesung zu „HNO-Notfällen“ implementiert. Ziel war ein realistischerer Bezug zur interdisziplinären Patientenversorgung und die Kenntlichmachung von Schnittmengenbereichen von 4 der wesentlichen Kopfdisziplinen (HNO-Heilkunde, Neurochirurgie, Augenheilkunde, Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts[MKG]-Chirurgie). Material und Methoden Im Rahmen der regulären, semesterbegleitenden Online-Vorlesungsreihe wurde eine neue, spezielle Vorlesung in der HNO-Lehre implementiert. Mit Bezug auf die klinische Versorgung von HNO-Notfällen wurden mögliche Überschneidungen mit Nachbardisziplinen ausgewiesen und von den jeweiligen Fachvertretern erläutert bzw. vor und mit dem Auditorium diskutiert. Zum Semesterende wurde diese Lehrveranstaltung mittels des Befragungstools „EvaSys“ (Fa. EvaSys GmbH, Lüneburg, Deutschland) für alle partizipierenden Studierenden (n = 173) freigegeben. Es beteiligten sich 78 Studierende an der Evaluation. Ergebnisse Das neue Vorlesungskonzept wurde außerordentlich gut akzeptiert und auf Anhieb auf die Top-Position der interdisziplinären Veranstaltungen aus der HNO-Vorlesungsserie gewählt. Auch die anschauliche Vermittlung des Begriffs „Interdisziplinarität“ im Sinne einer sich ergänzenden klinischen Fächerkooperation gelang sehr erfolgreich und wurde von den Studierenden entsprechend bei der Evaluation gewürdigt. Schlussfolgerung Die HNO-Lehre erlaubt die pragmatische Darstellung einer idealen klinischen Patientenversorgung mithilfe eines interdisziplinären Ansatzes. Diese realistische Darstellung, jenseits jeglicher fachlicher und/oder berufspolitischer Differenzen, ist für die Studierenden von großem Interesse und wird als klinisch relevant eingestuft. Damit bietet die Lehre eine wertvolle Möglichkeit, die wesentlichen Werte einer klinischen interdisziplinären Versorgung im Sinne der bestmöglichen Patientenversorgung zu vermitteln.

Despite efforts to identify and address the social needs of patients in U.S. healthcare settings, researchers consistently find high rates of patients who decline social interventions after reporting that they have unmet social needs. It is an open question as to why people who screen positive for social risks decline assistance. This question was qualitatively explored in a community health center in Rhode Island.From 2020 to 2021, a total of 26 patients with a positive screen for social risks were telephonically interviewed. Zoom focus groups with clinic staff and Community Advisory Board members were also conducted. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were read and analyzed by 4 investigators using an open-coding framework to identify themes emerging from the data and across interviews.A total of 6 dominant themes related to why patients decline social assistance emerged from the data and were identified across interviews and study populations. Participants explained that the wording of screening questions, along with voluminous paperwork and time constraints of the clinic sometimes resulted in inaccurate reporting. Patients' knowledge of limited resources from previous experiences of requesting social support but not receiving help was a theme. Shame/pride, stigma/discrimination, beliefs and lack of understanding, and fear/mistrust were also described.Barriers to patients' acceptance of services to support social needs were influenced by multiple factors, both internal and external to the health center. These findings can inform best practices related to and the reliability of social risk screening processes in clinic settings to promote social justice and ensure health equity.

Second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has similar biomechanical risk factors as primary injury. Standard of care rehabilitation does not adequately mitigate these biomechanical risks. This study examined the effectiveness of a 4-week plyometric intervention on biomechanical risk factors of second ACL injury versus no intervention in patients with a history of ACL reconstruction. Thirty adults post-ACL reconstruction received 12 sessions of plyometric (age: 19.9 ± 1.62 years; body mass index: 23.9 ± 2.6 kg/m2; months postoperative: 35.7 ± 24.2) or no (age: 21.3 ± 3.5 years; body mass index: 27.7 ± 4.8 kg/m2; months postoperative: 45.3 ± 25.4) exercise intervention. Hip and knee biomechanics were quantified during a jump-landing task before and after the intervention. Individual response to the intervention was evaluated via minimal detectable change. Hip flexion angle had the greatest response to plyometric training. Overall, focused plyometric intervention did not adequately mitigate biomechanical risk factors of second ACL injury; thus, development of interventions capable of modifying biomechanics known to contribute to ACL injury risk remains necessary.

To compare T1ρ relaxation times of the medial and lateral regions of the patella and femoral trochlea at 6 and 12 months following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) on the ACLR and contralateral extremity. Greater T1ρ relaxation times are associated with a lower proteoglycan density of articular cartilage.This study involved 20 individuals (11 males, 9 females; mean ± SD age 22 ± 3.9 years, weight 76.11 ± 13.48 kg, and height 178.32 ± 12.32 cm) who underwent a previous unilateral ACLR using a patellar tendon autograft. Magnetic resonance images from both extremities were acquired at 6 and 12 months post-ACLR. Voxel by voxel T1ρ relaxation times were calculated using a 5-image sequence. The medial and lateral regions of the femoral trochlea and patellar articular cartilage were manually segmented on both extremities. Separate extremity (ACLR and contralateral extremity) by time (6 months and 12 months) analysis of variance tests were performed for each region (P 0.05).For the medial patella and lateral trochlea, T1ρ relaxation times increased in both extremities between 6 and 12 months post-ACLR (medial patella P = 0.012; lateral trochlea P = 0.043). For the lateral patella, T1ρ relaxation times were significantly greater on the contralateral extremity compared to the ACLR extremity (P = 0.001). The T1ρ relaxation times of the medial trochlea on the ACLR extremity were significantly greater at 6 (P = 0.005) and 12 months (P 0.001) compared to the contralateral extremity. T1ρ relaxation times of the medial trochlea significantly increased from 6 to 12 months on the ACLR extremity (P = 0.003).Changes in T1ρ relaxation times occur within the first 12 months following ACLR in specific regions of the patellofemoral joint on the ACLR and contralateral extremity.

Supplementary Figure 1 from MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Prostate Cancer

Supplementary Figure 2 from MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Prostate Cancer

Supplementary Figure 4 from MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Prostate Cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, endogenously expressed noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate expression of protein-coding genes at the translational level. Accumulating evidence, such as aberrant expression of miRNAs, suggests that they are involved in the development of cancer. They have been identified in various tumor types, showing that different sets of miRNAs are usually deregulated in different cancers. To identify the miRNA signature specific for prostate cancer, miRNA expression profiling of 6 prostate cancer cell lines, 9 prostate cancer xenografts samples, 4 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 9 prostate carcinoma samples was carried out by using an oligonucleotide array hybridization method. Differential expression of 51 individual miRNAs between benign tumors and carcinoma tumors was detected, 37 of them showing down-regulation and 14 up-regulation in carcinoma samples, thus identifying those miRNAs that could be significant in prostate cancer development and/or growth. There was a significant trend (P = 0.029) between the expression of miRNAs and miRNA locus copy number determined by array comparative genomic hybridization, indicating that genetic aberrations may target miRNAs. Hierarchical clustering of the tumor samples by their miRNA expression accurately separated the carcinomas from the BPH samples and also further classified the carcinoma tumors according to their androgen dependence (hormone naive versus hormone refractory), indicating the potential of miRNAs as a novel diagnostic and prognostic tool for prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6130–5]

Supplementary Table 2 from MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Prostate Cancer

Supplementary Figure 3 from MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Prostate Cancer

Supplementary Table 1 from MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Prostate Cancer

BackgroundIntralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) is a rare, mostly unilateral disease that causes deafness. Different intralabyrinthine sites of ILS can occur and can be removed by different surgical approaches. Cochlear ILSs are frequently partially hidden by the modiolus and therefore difficult to extirpate. Surgical techniques can be traumatic, offer limited surgical control during removal, and are time-consuming. The aim of this present study was to demonstrate the performance and handling of a newly developed device for the removal of cochlear intralabyrinthine schwannoma in the temporal bone.MethodsIn a temporal bone study with a prepared posterior tympanotomy, an enlarged round window approach, and additional second turn access, a stiffened device with silicone rings was inserted and extracted gradually from the second turn access until the rings were visible in the second turn access.ResultsInsertion and extraction of the second cochlear access were easily performed. Pulling and pushing the silicone rings through the modiolus and hidden parts of the basal turn was possible and worked like a pipe cleaner.ConclusionThis newly developed tissue removal device in combination with the proposed surgical handling offers a new and less traumatic way to remove cochlear ILS.

Environmental threats increasingly entail important risks from government responses. In considering the risks of a new vector-borne disease, for example, decision-makers must also grapple with potential risks from responses such as the aerial spraying of pesticides. In communicating about these complex risks, public officials often choose different “frames” that promote different conceptualizations of the issue. Yet prior research has paid limited attention to how public officials frame the related risks of the environmental threat and the public response. This paper starts to fill that gap by conducting a content analysis of statements by public officials regarding risks from the threat of a local outbreak of the Zika virus in South Florida in 2016, as well as risks from the response of aerial pesticide spraying. Based on limited prior research, we hypothesize that public officials are likely to have adopted a “risk maximization” frame that stressed the high risks from exposure to Zika, but a “risk trade-off” frame when discussing aerial spraying. In actuality, we find that officials strongly favored a “reassurance” frame that downplayed both types of risks. Based on this analysis, we suggest framing strategies for disease outbreaks and other threats with potentially risky government responses may vary significantly depending on local contexts and that the South Florida experience was a missed opportunity to test the strategy of trade-off framing.

Traumatology of the head and neck region is not only a part of otorhinolaryngology, but also has a large overlap with neighboring disciplines of the head and neck region. In Freiburg, an interdisciplinary lecture on "ENT emergencies" was implemented in the 21/22 winter semester. The aim was to provide an even more realistic view on interdisciplinary patient care and to make evident the areas of intersection of four of the major head disciplines (otorhinolaryngology, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, and maxillofacial surgery).A new, special lecture in otorhinolaryngology was implemented as part of the regular online lecture series accompanying the semester. With reference to the clinical care of ENT emergencies, possible overlaps with neighboring disciplines were identified and explained by the discipline representatives or discussed in front of and with the auditorium. At the end of the semester, all participating students (n = 173) were invited to evaluate the seminar using the survey tool "EvaSys" (EvaSys GmbH, Lüneburg, Germany). In total, 78 students participated in the evaluation process.The new lecture concept was very well accepted and immediately ranked top among the interdisciplinary lecture titles within the ENT lecture series. The clear communication of the term "interdisciplinarity" in the sense of a complementary clinical cooperation was also very successful and was appreciated accordingly by students during the evaluation process.Pragmatic presentation of ideal clinical patient care using an interdisciplinary approach is possible within the regular ENT lecture series. This realistic portrayal, beyond any technical and/or professional differences, is of great interest to students and is considered clinically relevant. Thus, interdisciplinary lectures provide a valuable tool to teach the fundamental values of clinical interdisciplinary management for the best possible patient care.HINTERGRUND: Die Traumatologie des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs stellt nicht nur einen Teilbereich des HNO-Fachgebiets dar, sondern bildet mit ihren Krankheitsbildern zudem eine große Schnittmenge mit Nachbardisziplinen der Kopf-Hals-Region. In Freiburg wurde im Wintersemester 2021/2022 eine interdisziplinäre Vorlesung zu „HNO-Notfällen“ implementiert. Ziel war ein realistischerer Bezug zur interdisziplinären Patientenversorgung und die Kenntlichmachung von Schnittmengenbereichen von 4 der wesentlichen Kopfdisziplinen (HNO-Heilkunde, Neurochirurgie, Augenheilkunde, Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts[MKG]-Chirurgie).Im Rahmen der regulären, semesterbegleitenden Online-Vorlesungsreihe wurde eine neue, spezielle Vorlesung in der HNO-Lehre implementiert. Mit Bezug auf die klinische Versorgung von HNO-Notfällen wurden mögliche Überschneidungen mit Nachbardisziplinen ausgewiesen und von den jeweiligen Fachvertretern erläutert bzw. vor und mit dem Auditorium diskutiert. Zum Semesterende wurde diese Lehrveranstaltung mittels des Befragungstools „EvaSys“ (Fa. EvaSys GmbH, Lüneburg, Deutschland) für alle partizipierenden Studierenden (n = 173) freigegeben. Es beteiligten sich 78 Studierende an der Evaluation.Das neue Vorlesungskonzept wurde außerordentlich gut akzeptiert und auf Anhieb auf die Top-Position der interdisziplinären Veranstaltungen aus der HNO-Vorlesungsserie gewählt. Auch die anschauliche Vermittlung des Begriffs „Interdisziplinarität“ im Sinne einer sich ergänzenden klinischen Fächerkooperation gelang sehr erfolgreich und wurde von den Studierenden entsprechend bei der Evaluation gewürdigt.Die HNO-Lehre erlaubt die pragmatische Darstellung einer idealen klinischen Patientenversorgung mithilfe eines interdisziplinären Ansatzes. Diese realistische Darstellung, jenseits jeglicher fachlicher und/oder berufspolitischer Differenzen, ist für die Studierenden von großem Interesse und wird als klinisch relevant eingestuft. Damit bietet die Lehre eine wertvolle Möglichkeit, die wesentlichen Werte einer klinischen interdisziplinären Versorgung im Sinne der bestmöglichen Patientenversorgung zu vermitteln.

Unprecedented global challenges of the twenty-first century have highlighted the need for novel programs to train students in the skills necessary to address increasingly complex controversial scie...