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Summary: Background: Augmentation mammoplasty with subpectoral prosthesis implantation is a frequent performed procedure in plastic surgery for reconstructive and aesthetic purposes. Although prosthesis implantation in a pocket under the major pectoralis muscle has been related to volumetric and functional alterations, there is not much information about the associated short- and long-term histological changes. Therefore, the aim of our study was to describe the acute and chronic histological muscle alterations associated with subpectoral prosthesis implantation. Materials and Method: We collected samples from patients with breast tissue expander (1 year after implantation) and from patients without implantation as a control group. The samples were processed for assessing their histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical properties. Results: In the control group, no relevant histological findings were identified. Additionally, in the patients with expander, we observed mild augmentation of the internalised nuclei, normal morphology, significant muscle atrophy and fibrosis, whereas in the patients with prosthesis considerable augmentation of internalised nuclei, significant muscle atrophy, fibrosis and alteration of normal muscle morphology were observed. Conclusion: Prosthesis implantation induces histological changes in the periprosthetic striated muscle. Chronic fibrosis and inflammation play key roles in this process, which should be characterised in more detail from the histological and molecular biological perspective.

Introduction: The analysis of histological images plays a fundamental role in studying pathological alterations associated with human diseases, especially in the context of practical teaching. However, in the Biology Degree programme there is a lack of practical activities based on the study of human histological preparations., Material and Methods: A collaboration with an Anatomical Pathology department was established for this project, which aimed to carry out an innovative practice based on the study of human biopsies in the subject of Cell Biology and Cellular Pathology of the Biology Degree programme. Face-to-face and non-face-to-face activities were performed, involving group work, image search and selection for the preparation of digital material., Results: This activity allowed for the identification of morphological changes caused by the deregulation of cellular processes in various diseases., Conclusions: Our results indicate that students find this practice very useful for their training, so this activity could be applied to other similar subjects taught in other degree programmes., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Metastases in pancreas are uncommon, ranging from 2 to 5 % of pancreatic malignancies. Choroidal melanoma is rare, and less than 1% spread to the pancreas. It can cause obstructive jaundice if it affects the pancreatic head region. Advanced disease is associated with poor prognosis, however immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab or pembrolizumab), alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies (ipilimumab), has shown an increase in survival.

Objectives: The main objective is to establish the overall survival and disease-free survival profiles regarding the patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma, making a comparison based on the well-differentiated and dedifferentiated histological subtypes. The secondary objectives are to descriptively analyze the clinical characteristics of said patients and to identify and analyze other independent variables that might modify these survival profiles significantly., Methods: An observational and analytical study was performed using a retrospective historical cohort that was followed prospectively. The inclusion criteria consisted of: the procedure of liposarcoma located in the retroperitoneum, the well-differentiated and dedifferentiated histological subtypes, between January of 2002 and May of 2019. As a result, 32 patients took part in this study's sample. Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to summarise the results and log-rank test was used in the comparative analysis., Results: The overall survival at 5 years was around 59%. No differences were found between the patients with a well-differentiated subtype compared to the dedifferentiated ones (p = 0.834). The disease-free survival at 2 years was 59% regarding the well-differentiated and 26% regarding the dedifferentiated, with these differences being statistically significant (p = 0.005). None of the other studied variables modified these survival profiles significantly., Conclusions: Dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcomas show less disease-free survival than well-differentiated liposarcomas. However, regarding overall survival no differences can be claimed., (Copyright © 2021 AEC. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) was designed to achieve oncological complete tumor resection in a vertebral compartment. Because of the special anatomy of the lumbosacral junction, TES procedure at the L5 level is a challenge, and it has been explained in few reports in the literature. Performing TES in the lower lumbar region, as normal, is accomplished by using a combined approach., Observations: The authors presented the case of a 20-year-old man with an isolated spinal metastasis at the L5 level of carcinoid tumor of jejunum, limited to the vertebral body. Due to good long-term prognosis, after multidisciplinary evaluation the authors decided to treat the patient with TES through a combined posteroanterior approach, with posterior instrumentation and anterior reconstruction. Nine years after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic, with no sign of local recurrence., Lessons: TES is a feasible technique to provide long-term survival in a select subgroup of patients, reducing the risk of local recurrence. The authors presented some anatomical and biomechanical factors that must be considered at the lumbosacral region. Despite the high rates of complication associated with TES, most patients benefit from local control provided by the technique.

Objectives: The main objective is to establish the overall survival and disease-free survival profiles regarding the patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma, making a comparison based on the well-differentiated and dedifferentiated histological subtypes. The secondary objectives are to descriptively analyze the clinical characteristics of said patients and to identify and analyze other independent variables that might modify these survival profiles significantly., Methods: An observational and analytical study was performed using a retrospective historical cohort that was followed prospectively. The inclusion criteria consisted of: the procedure of liposarcoma located in the retroperitoneum, the well-differentiated and dedifferentiated histological subtypes, between January 2002 and May 2019. As a result, 32 patients took part in this study's sample. Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to summarize the results and log-rank test was used in the comparative analysis., Results: The overall survival at 5 years was around 59%. No differences were found between the patients with a well-differentiated subtype compared to the dedifferentiated ones (p=0.834). The disease-free survival at 2 years was 59% regarding the well-differentiated and 26% regarding the dedifferentiated, with these differences being statistically significant (p=0.005). None of the other studied variables modified these survival profiles significantly., Conclusions: Dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcomas show less disease-free survival than well-differentiated liposarcomas. However, regarding overall survival no differences can be claimed., (Copyright © 2021 AEC. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)