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1. Long-term cloud condensation nuclei number concentration, particle number size distribution and chemical composition measurements at regionally representative observatories

Author

J. Schmale, S. Henning, S. Decesari, B. Henzing, H. Keskinen, K. Sellegri, J. Ovadnevaite, M. L. Pöhlker, J. Brito, A. Bougiatioti, A. Kristensson, N. Kalivitis, I. Stavroulas, S. Carbone, A. Jefferson, M. Park, P. Schlag, Y. Iwamoto, P. Aalto, M. Äijälä, N. Bukowiecki, M. Ehn, G. Frank, R. Fröhlich, A. Frumau, E. Herrmann, H. Herrmann, R. Holzinger, G. Kos, M. Kulmala, N. Mihalopoulos, A. Nenes, C. O'Dowd, T. Petäjä, D. Picard, C. Pöhlker, U. Pöschl, L. Poulain, A. S. H. Prévôt, E. Swietlicki, M. O. Andreae, P. Artaxo, A. Wiedensohler, J. Ogren, A. Matsuki, S. S. Yum, F. Stratmann, U. Baltensperger, and M. Gysel

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Aerosol–cloud interactions (ACI) constitute the single largest uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing. To reduce the uncertainties and gain more confidence in the simulation of ACI, models need to be evaluated against observations, in particular against measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Here we present a data set – ready to be used for model validation – of long-term observations of CCN number concentrations, particle number size distributions and chemical composition from 12 sites on 3 continents. Studied environments include coastal background, rural background, alpine sites, remote forests and an urban surrounding. Expectedly, CCN characteristics are highly variable across site categories. However, they also vary within them, most strongly in the coastal background group, where CCN number concentrations can vary by up to a factor of 30 within one season. In terms of particle activation behaviour, most continental stations exhibit very similar activation ratios (relative to particles > 20 nm) across the range of 0.1 to 1.0 % supersaturation. At the coastal sites the transition from particles being CCN inactive to becoming CCN active occurs over a wider range of the supersaturation spectrum. Several stations show strong seasonal cycles of CCN number concentrations and particle number size distributions, e.g. at Barrow (Arctic haze in spring), at the alpine stations (stronger influence of polluted boundary layer air masses in summer), the rain forest (wet and dry season) or Finokalia (wildfire influence in autumn). The rural background and urban sites exhibit relatively little variability throughout the year, while short-term variability can be high especially at the urban site. The average hygroscopicity parameter, κ, calculated from the chemical composition of submicron particles was highest at the coastal site of Mace Head (0.6) and lowest at the rain forest station ATTO (0.2–0.3). We performed closure studies based on κ–Köhler theory to predict CCN number concentrations. The ratio of predicted to measured CCN concentrations is between 0.87 and 1.4 for five different types of κ. The temporal variability is also well captured, with Pearson correlation coefficients exceeding 0.87. Information on CCN number concentrations at many locations is important to better characterise ACI and their radiative forcing. But long-term comprehensive aerosol particle characterisations are labour intensive and costly. Hence, we recommend operating migrating-CCNCs to conduct collocated CCN number concentration and particle number size distribution measurements at individual locations throughout one year at least to derive a seasonally resolved hygroscopicity parameter. This way, CCN number concentrations can only be calculated based on continued particle number size distribution information and greater spatial coverage of long-term measurements can be achieved.

Published
2018
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2. Carbonaceous aerosols contributed by traffic and solid fuel burning at a polluted rural site in Northwestern England

Author

D. Liu, J. Allan, B. Corris, M. Flynn, E. Andrews, J. Ogren, K. Beswick, K. Bower, R. Burgess, T. Choularton, J. Dorsey, W. Morgan, P. I. Williams, and H. Coe

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The experiment presented in this paper was conducted at the Holme Moss site, which is located in the southern Pennines region in Northwestern England during November–December 2006. The strong southwesterly wind during the experimental period, which enhanced the transport of urban pollutants from the conurbations of Greater Manchester and Liverpool, in addition to the seasonally increased nearby residential heating activities, made this site a receptor for pollutants from a range of sources. A factor analysis is applied to the mass spectra of organic matter (OM) measured by the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) to attribute the pollutant sources. Besides the oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), this site was found to contain a considerable fraction of primary organic aerosols (POA, mass fraction 50–70% within total mass of OM). The POA sources are attributed to be traffic emission and solid fuel burning, which are identified as hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and solid fuel organic aerosol (SFOA) respectively. There were strongly combined emissions of black carbon (BC) particles from both sources. The refractory BC component (rBC) was characterized by a single particle soot photometer. This site began to be influenced during the late morning by fresh traffic emissions, whereas solid fuel burning became dominant from late afternoon until night. A covariance analysis of rBC and POA was used to derive source specific emission factors of 1.61 μgHOA/μgrBC and 1.96 μgHOA/μgrBC. The absorbing properties of aerosols were characterized at multiple wavelengths (λ), and a stronger spectral dependence of absorption was observed when this site was significantly influenced by solid fuel burning. The rBC was estimated to contribute 3–16% of submicron aerosol mass. The single scattering albedo at λ = 700 nm (SSA700 nm) was significantly anti-correlated with the rBC mass fraction, but also associated with the BC mixing state. The BC incorporation/removal process therefore may play a role in modulating the radiative properties of aerosols at the site under the influence of fresh sources. Given that traffic and residential combustion of solid fuels are significant contributors of carbonaceous aerosols over Europe, these results provide important source-specific information on modeling the anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols.

Published
2011
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3. Californian forest fire plumes over Southwestern British Columbia: lidar, sunphotometry, and mountaintop chemistry observations

Author

I. McKendry, K. Strawbridge, M. L. Karumudi, N. O'Neill, A. M. Macdonald, R. Leaitch, D. Jaffe, P. Cottle, S. Sharma, P. Sheridan, and J. Ogren

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Forest fires in Northern California and Oregon were responsible for two significant regional scale aerosol transport events observed in southern British Columbia during summer 2008. A combination of ground based (CORALNet) and satellite (CALIPSO) lidar, sunphotometry and high altitude chemistry observations permitted unprecedented characterization of forest fire plume height and mixing as well as description of optical properties and physicochemistry of the aerosol. In southwestern BC, lidar observations show the smoke to be mixed through a layer extending to 5–6 km a.g.l. where the aerosol was confined by an elevated inversion in both cases. Depolarization ratios for a trans-Pacific dust event (providing a basis for comparison) and the two smoke events were consistent with observations of dust and smoke events elsewhere and permit discrimination of aerosol events in the region. Based on sunphotometry, the Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) reached maxima of ~0.7 and ~0.4 for the two events respectively. Dubovik-retrieval values of reff, f during both the June/July and August events varied between about 0.13 and 0.15 μm and confirm the dominance of accumulation mode size particles in the forest fire plumes. Both Whistler Peak and Mount Bachelor Observatory data show that smoke events are accompanied by elevated CO and O3 concentrations as well as elevated K+/SO4 ratios. In addition to documenting the meteorology and physic-chemical characteristics of two regional scale biomass burning plumes, this study demonstrates the positive analytical synergies arising from the suite of measurements now in place in the Pacific Northwest, and complemented by satellite borne instruments.

Published
2011
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4. Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling

Author

T. S. Bates, T. L. Anderson, T. Baynard, T. Bond, O. Boucher, G. Carmichael, A. Clarke, C. Erlick, H. Guo, L. Horowitz, S. Howell, S. Kulkarni, H. Maring, A. McComiskey, A. Middlebrook, K. Noone, C. D. O'Dowd, J. Ogren, J. Penner, P. K. Quinn, A. R. Ravishankara, D. L. Savoie, S. E. Schwartz, Y. Shinozuka, Y. Tang, R. J. Weber, and Y. Wu

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The largest uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate change over the industrial era is that due to aerosols, a substantial fraction of which is the uncertainty associated with scattering and absorption of shortwave (solar) radiation by anthropogenic aerosols in cloud-free conditions (IPCC, 2001). Quantifying and reducing the uncertainty in aerosol influences on climate is critical to understanding climate change over the industrial period and to improving predictions of future climate change for assumed emission scenarios. Measurements of aerosol properties during major field campaigns in several regions of the globe during the past decade are contributing to an enhanced understanding of atmospheric aerosols and their effects on light scattering and climate. The present study, which focuses on three regions downwind of major urban/population centers (North Indian Ocean (NIO) during INDOEX, the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWP) during ACE-Asia, and the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA) during ICARTT), incorporates understanding gained from field observations of aerosol distributions and properties into calculations of perturbations in radiative fluxes due to these aerosols. This study evaluates the current state of observations and of two chemical transport models (STEM and MOZART). Measurements of burdens, extinction optical depth (AOD), and direct radiative effect of aerosols (DRE – change in radiative flux due to total aerosols) are used as measurement-model check points to assess uncertainties. In-situ measured and remotely sensed aerosol properties for each region (mixing state, mass scattering efficiency, single scattering albedo, and angular scattering properties and their dependences on relative humidity) are used as input parameters to two radiative transfer models (GFDL and University of Michigan) to constrain estimates of aerosol radiative effects, with uncertainties in each step propagated through the analysis. Constraining the radiative transfer calculations by observational inputs increases the clear-sky, 24-h averaged AOD (34±8%), top of atmosphere (TOA) DRE (32±12%), and TOA direct climate forcing of aerosols (DCF – change in radiative flux due to anthropogenic aerosols) (37±7%) relative to values obtained with 'a priori' parameterizations of aerosol loadings and properties (GFDL RTM). The resulting constrained clear-sky TOA DCF is −3.3±0.47, −14±2.6, −6.4±2.1 Wm−2 for the NIO, NWP, and NWA, respectively. With the use of constrained quantities (extensive and intensive parameters) the calculated uncertainty in DCF was 25% less than the 'structural uncertainties' used in the IPCC-2001 global estimates of direct aerosol climate forcing. Such comparisons with observations and resultant reductions in uncertainties are essential for improving and developing confidence in climate model calculations incorporating aerosol forcing.

Published
2006

6. Effect of Tempering and Baking on the Charpy Impact Energy of Hydrogen-Charged 4340 Steel

Author

J. Alrashaid, Pantcho Stoyanov, T. Choi, K. Mori, O. Perez, J. Ogren, E. Iriarte, H. Ruiz, William E. Frazier, Omar S. Es-Said, G. Battel, Eui W. Lee, K. Niji, and A. Tran

Subjects
Materials science, Hydrogen, Mechanical Engineering, Significant difference, Metallurgy, Charpy impact test, chemistry.chemical_element, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Impact energy, General Materials Science, Tempering, Composite material, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Tempered AISI 4340 steel was hydrogen charged and tested for impact energy. It was found that samples tempered above 468 °C (875 °F) and subjected to hydrogen charging exhibited lower impact energy values when compared to uncharged samples. No significant difference between charged and uncharged samples tempered below 468 °C (875 °F) was observed. Neither exposure nor bake time had any significant effect on impact energy within the tested ranges.

Published
2014

7. Cryptosporidium infections in Sweden-understanding the regional differences in reported incidence

Author

Heli Harvala, J. Winiecka-Krusnell, P. Nilsson, Hilde M. Riedel, Jessica Beser, P. Boman, and J. Ogren

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Sweden, biology, business.industry, animal diseases, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, 030106 microbiology, Cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, digestive system diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Medicine, Humans, business, Regional differences
Abstract

Cryptosporidium infections in Sweden-understanding the regional differences in reported incidence

Published
2016

8. The effects of heat damage of aluminum 6061-T6 AM-2 Mats and High Power Run-Up Anchor

Author

J. Roepke, Omar S. Es-Said, M. Tsang, S. Hernandez, J. Ogren, D. Piatkowski, Pantcho Stoyanov, E. W. Lee, and M. Prietto

Subjects
Hollow core, Mechanical property, Materials science, business.industry, Alloy, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Structural engineering, engineering.material, Power (physics), chemistry, Aluminium, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, General Materials Science, Composite material, business, Vertical take off and landing
Abstract

Mechanical property measurements were made on used sections of mobile landing surfaces for the vertical take off and landing military aircraft. Additionally, property measurements were made on used sections of anchors used to restrain aircrafts movement during full power engine operations following maintenance. In both cases, the material used was aluminum alloy 6061 in the T6 temper. Tensile, hardness and electrical conductivity tests were performed. The landing surfaces were hollow core; the top portion showed more degradation than the bottom due to the former being in closer proximity to aircraft exhaust gases. The used anchor panels showed significant levels of mechanical degradation, falling well below SAE minimum standards.

Published
2011

9. On the Distortion and Warpage of 7249 Aluminum Alloy After Quenching and Machining

Author

J. Rodriguez, C. Cueva, N. Keleshian, V. Vega, R. Kyser, J. Ogren, Eui W. Lee, and Omar S. Es-Said

Subjects
Quenching, Materials science, Fin, Mechanical Engineering, Flatness (systems theory), Metallurgy, Alloy, chemistry.chemical_element, Solution treatment, engineering.material, chemistry, Machining, Mechanics of Materials, Aluminium, Distortion, engineering, General Materials Science
Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of solution treatment temperature, quenching media, and various machining sequences on the warpage behavior of aluminum 7249 alloy aged to T6 and T7′ tempers. Large extrusions of 7249 aluminum alloy with fins were cut into 108 “T” sections. The samples were solution-treated, aged, and machined. Three solution temperatures (445, 474, and 505 °C), two quenching media (water and 20% polyalkylene glycol), two aging treatments (T6 and T7′), and three machine sequences were used. The flatness of the samples was measured on the surfaces orthogonal to the z-axis. Three points were on top of both shoulders (six total), six were at the bottom of the sample, and six were on the top of the fin, in the cases where the fin was not milled off. They were then averaged together by surface to represent the overall warpage of each sample.

Published
2010

10. Analysis of Heat Effects on Marine Corps AM2 Mat Mechanical Properties

Author

Eui W. Lee, D. Piatkowski, Pantcho Stoyanov, J. DeChellis, Omar S. Es-Said, V. Vega, Justin D. Holmes, U. Nguyen Huynh, N. Drusina, and J. Ogren

Subjects
Aircraft landing, Mechanical property, Materials science, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Ultimate tensile strength, General Materials Science, Composite material
Abstract

Navy AM2 mats are used as portable aircraft landing platforms for the Short Take-off/Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircraft operations. This investigation presents the study performed to determine whether the surface discoloration is a precursor to degradation in the mechanical property of the AM2 mat material. The red discoloration on the mat surfaces had a clear correlation with the decrease in yield strength, ultimate strength, and hardness properties.

Published
2010

11. Tensile Properties and Microstructures of Laser-Formed Ti-6Al-4V

Author

J. Ogren, J. Dorey, E. Silverman, T. Steelman, K. Karg, S. Hinkson, H. Gigerenzer, J. Alcisto, H. Garcia, Omar S. Es-Said, A. Enriquez, J. Foyos, P. Valdovino, and T. McDonald

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Alloy, Surface finish, Substrate (electronics), engineering.material, Microstructure, Laser, law.invention, Mechanics of Materials, law, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, General Materials Science, Composite material, Stress concentration
Abstract

The room temperature tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy prepared under two different processing routes were evaluated and compared. One group of samples was prepared by conventional casting-forging-rolling into flat plates. The other group was prepared by using Triton’s Laser Free-Form Fabrication (LF3)™ processes, i.e., a laser was used to melt pre-alloyed powders of the required metallic composition as they were dropped onto a moveable substrate programmed to move in such a manner as to form a solid alloy plate. Five populations of Ti-6Al-4V were evaluated: a standard wrought form, an as-deposited form, a machined as-deposited form, a heat-treated as-deposited form, and a machined as-deposited and heat-treated form. The poorest mechanical properties occurred with the rough surfaces, likely due to existing microcracks and stress concentrations. The LF3™ as-deposited material had mechanical properties comparable to, if not higher than, the mechanical properties of the wrought material. Further evaluations of the laser-formed material for complex spacecraft piece parts were warranted, specifically in regards to improving the surface finish of the materials.

Published
2010

12. Evaluation of the Effects of Powder Coating Cure Temperatures on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy Substrates

Author

B. Gayer, I. Martinez, C. Maldonado, R. Painter, E. Toss, Omar S. Es-Said, Pantcho Stoyanov, E. W. Lee, W. Dahir, J. Ranallo, D. Piatkowski, J. Hilty, D. Hassouna, D. Diaz, and J. Ogren

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Powder coating, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Aluminium, engineering, General Materials Science, Composite material, Curing (chemistry)
Abstract

The effects of curing temperature, based on new, low-temperature powder coating methods and traditional high-temperature powder coating methods, were studied. Heat-sensitive aluminum alloys (2024-T3, 6061-T6, and 7075-T6) were subjected to two different heat-treatment cycles, which were based on temperatures of 121 and 204 °C. Findings indicate that although both cure temperatures achieved powder coatings adhesion and thickness appropriate for industrial uses, the high-temperature cure treatment negatively affected the mechanical properties.

Published
2009

13. Mechanical properties and microstructure characterization of coated AM2 Al 6061-T6 mats exposed to simulated thermal blast

Author

C. Kumor, G. LaCaille, N. Wright, E. W. Lee, N. Ward, R. Painter, J. Ogren, Omar S. Es-Said, Pantcho Stoyanov, D. Piatkowski, J. McLennan, C. Vinquist, C. Wilhelm, and C. Shu

Subjects
Nial, Materials science, General Engineering, Conductivity, engineering.material, Microstructure, Characterization (materials science), law.invention, Optical microscope, Coating, law, Ultimate tensile strength, Thermal, engineering, General Materials Science, Composite material, computer, computer.programming_language
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test the heat resistance of eight different combinations of coatings that are applied on Marine Corps AM2 Al 6061-T6 mats. The objective was to determine which coating is best suited for use on mats exposed to exhaust from short take off and vertical landing aircraft. Each coating combination was first exposed to the flame of three torches from a constant distance for different periods of time. Then, conductivity, hardness, tensile tests and optical microscopy were conducted. The plate with NiAl bond coating, Al2O3–ZrO2 heat resistance coating, and NiCr–SiC non-skid coating outperformed other coating combinations.

Published
2009

14. Evaluation of Advanced Adhesives for Aerospace Structures

Author

T. Dickinson, V. Hernandez, M. Berg, J. Ogren, D. Huy Nguyen, J. Foyos, E. Park, Pantcho Stoyanov, Omar S. Es-Said, and N. Rodriguez

Subjects
Materials science, Adhesive bonding, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Stress distribution, Stress (mechanics), Shear (sheet metal), Mechanics of Materials, Nanofiber, General Materials Science, Adhesive, Composite material, Aerospace, business, Failure mode and effects analysis
Abstract

Polymer adhesives are finding increased use in panel joining applications in aircraft and aerospace structures where the applied stresses permit their use and where a uniform stress distribution is needed. One such adhesive, Hysol EA-9394™, was compared to three other formulations in this study. The new formulations were Hysol EA-9396, Hysol EA-9396 filled with nickel nanofibers and mixed by machine (Jamesbury Blender), and Hysol EA-9396 filled with nickel nanofibers and hand mixed in the laboratory. The comparison consisted of measuring shear lap strengths of aluminum test pieces bonded together with the candidate adhesives. The mechanical tests were supplemented by a Weibull analysis of the strength data and by a visual inspection of the failure mode (adhesive/cohesive). The lap shear strengths (fracture stress values) of all three Hysol EA-9396 adhesives were greater than that of the baseline Hysol EA-9394 polymer.

Published
2008

15. On the bimodal grain growth in zirconium grade 702 alloy

Author

S. Sparkowich, J. Ogren, E. Park, T. Dickinson, F. Hogue, Omar S. Es-Said, N. Rodriguez, Pantcho Stoyanov, E. Plotkin, Richard C. Sutherlin, J. Foyos, and D. Huy Nguyen

Subjects
Zirconium, Grain growth, Materials science, chemistry, Alloy, Metallurgy, General Engineering, engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, General Materials Science, engineering.material, Mass fraction
Abstract

This study is built upon previously published work that involved bimodal grain growth in cold worked and annealed samples of zirconium 702 alloy. Similar to the earlier study, the new zirconium 702 alloy samples were rolled and bent at different percentages of cold work and then annealed at 1375 °F. While bimodal grain growth did occur in the previous samples under bending when annealed above 1275 °F, no bimodal grain growth was observed in any of the new samples. This result is attributed to the different weight percent of alloying elements in the two samples. Additionally, a recovery anneal was performed on the old samples in an effort to inhibit grain growth in the alloy system. Although the recovery anneal did not prevent bimodal grain growth, it did significantly reduce the degree to which it occurred.

Published
2008

16. The effect of thermal exposure on the electrical conductivity and static mechanical behavior of several age hardenable aluminum alloys

Author

B. Aridkahari, C. Bove, C. Sanchez, Omar S. Es-Said, William E. Frazier, R. Clark, E. W. Lee, I. Martinez, K. Robinson, J. McLennan, T. Oppenheim, J. Ogren, D. Gebreyesus, Maria Emil Iskandar, N. Neylan, E. Toss, D. Arenas, M. Arzate, and Martin Richardson

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry, Aluminium, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Thermal, Metallurgy, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, General Materials Science
Abstract

Aluminum alloys 2014-T6, 2024-T3, 6061-T6, 7050-T7451, and 7075-T6 were thermally exposed at different times (1 min to 20 days) and temperatures 177–482 °C (350–900 F). This study was conducted to simulate the effects of heat damage on aluminum alloys and to determine the correlations existing between the static mechanical and electrical conductivity properties. Results indicate that at the temperatures below 260 °C (500 F) all five alloys showed clear correlations between the mechanical and physical properties.

Published
2007

17. Quenching methods for Ti-325 alloy

Author

S. Babakhanyan, Omar S. Es-Said, Richard C. Sutherlin, R. Clark, S. Sparkowich, J. Ogren, J. Foyos, C. Schrupp, B. Sarrail, Pantcho Stoyanov, and K. Muscare

Subjects
Quenching, Materials science, Alloy, Ultimate tensile strength, Metallurgy, General Engineering, engineering, General Materials Science, engineering.material, Percent elongation
Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of two different cooling procedures on the room temperature mechanical properties of AMS 4943 Ti-325 alloy. The samples were annealed at 1170 °F (632 °C), 1200 °F (649 °C) and 1230 °F (666 °C), half of the samples were water quenched and the other half were furnace cooled to room temperature. The yield strength, ultimate strength and percent elongation as a function of quenching media were determined.

Published
2007

18. On the correlation between fracture toughness and precipitation hardening heat treatments in 15-5PH Stainless Steel

Author

D. Davlantes, R. Clark, K. Mahmodieh, J. Ogren, L. Chen, M. Abdelshehid, Omar S. Es-Said, Pantcho Stoyanov, K. Mori, and J. Foyos

Subjects
Precipitation hardening, Materials science, Fracture toughness, Tension (physics), Precipitation (chemistry), Metallurgy, Ultimate tensile strength, General Engineering, General Materials Science, Composite material
Abstract

In this study, the fracture toughness, Kq, and the yield strength of precipitation heat-treated Stainless Steel 15-5 PH was determined. Thirty six cylindrical tensile bars and eighteen compact tension C(T) specimens were tested. It was found that the high tolerance for solution heat treatment decreases the Kq value significantly, while the yield strength remains virtually unaltered.

Published
2007

19. Annealing and anomalous (bimodal) grain growth of Zr 702

Author

C. Schrupp, B. Sarrail, R. Clark, S. Babakhanyan, J. Hilty, Richard C. Sutherlin, J. Ogren, K. Muscare, J. Foyos, S. Sparkowich, and Omar S. Es-Said

Subjects
Zirconium, Materials science, Fabrication, Annealing (metallurgy), Metallurgy, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Abnormal grain growth, Corrosion, Grain growth, chemistry, General Materials Science, Grain boundary, Grain boundary strengthening
Abstract

Zirconium’s superior corrosion resistance capabilities have lead to its increasing use in the fabrication of chemical processing equipment and nuclear reactors. The purpose of this study was to find a critical temperature, above which bimodal grain growth takes place, in cold worked sheets after annealing was applied. The critical temperature above which there is abnormal grain growth was 1275 °F (691 °C). Additionally, the abnormal grain growth occurs only after bending and not rolling.

Published
2007

20. 2099 Aluminum-Lithium with Key-Locked Inserts for Aerospace Applications

Author

O.S. Es Said, A. Ordonez-Chu, R. Clark, H. W. Babel, J. Ogren, J. Gibson, M. Tarkanian, C. Parrish, M. Prietto, H. Haberl, and J. Kabisch

Subjects
Ultimate load, Materials science, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, business.industry, Aluminium, Mechanical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, General Materials Science, Structural engineering, business, Aerospace, Failure mode and effects analysis
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the acceptability of nonpenetrating, key-locked inserts in 2099 aluminum-lithium. The tests conducted to make this assessment were: (1) microscopic examination for thread damage and delaminations after key installation, (2) pull-out load at 21 °C (70 °F) and −179 °C (−290 °F), and (3) mechanical cycling tests at room temperature and −179 °C (−290 °F). The test results indicated that for the three sizes evaluated, key-locked inserts in 2099-T6 and 2099-T8 were acceptable and although delaminations did occur on some T6 temper specimens, it was only as a failure mode at ultimate load and such behavior was judged to be acceptable.

Published
2007

21. Effect of cold work on the tensile properties of 6061, 2024, and 7075 Al alloys

Author

Pantcho Stoyanov, J. Soltero, R. Clark, J. Ogren, D. Ortiz, Eui W. Lee, M. Abdelshehid, W. Lightell, M. Hahn, Omar S. Es-Said, R. Dalton, and B. Pregger

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Strain (chemistry), Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasticity, Conductivity, Grain size, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Aluminium, Ultimate tensile strength, Heat treated, General Materials Science
Abstract

Aluminum alloys 6061, 2024, and 7075 were heat treated to various tempers and then subjected to a range of plastic strain (stretching) in order to determine their strain limits. Tensile properties, conductivity, hardness, and grain size measurements were evaluated. The effects of the plastic strain on these properties are discussed and strain limits are suggested.

Published
2007

22. Effects of Heat Treatments on Steels for Bearing Applications

Author

A. Taylor, J. Ogren, G. Salgado, C. Lorraine, P. Umin, K. Clemons, and Omar S. Es-Said

Subjects
Austenite, Bearing (mechanical), Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Crucible, law.invention, Rockwell scale, Compressive strength, Optical microscope, Mechanics of Materials, law, General Materials Science, Compression testing
Abstract

AISI 52 100, 440C, REX20, and Crucible CRU80 steel samples were exposed to 16 different heat treatments to vary the levels of retained austenite. Rockwell C hardness measurements, optical microscopy, and compression testing were used to compare the properties of the different steels.

Published
2007

23. Warpage Behavior of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Extrusions

Author

T. M. Ruperto, S. H. Harris, J. C. Quilla, A. Y. Yue, E. W. Lee, S. Hannan, D. J. Manriquez, J. Ogren, J. Foyos, Omar S. Es-Said, S. L. Vasquez, N. Abourialy, and B. Pregger

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Aluminium, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Alloy, engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, General Materials Science, Solution treatment, engineering.material
Abstract

Extruded I sections of 7075-T6 aluminum were machined into four different sections shapes: L, short depth L, T, and short depth T. The furnace was preheated to 416 � C (780 � F) and the samples were placed inside. The temperature was raised to 471 � C (880 � F) and then the samples were quenched in either a 30% polyalkylene Glycol solution or water, both at 15 � C (59 � F). Points on the distorted samples were recorded before and after the solution treatment; the difference between the measurements indicated the extent of warpage.

Published
2007

24. On the correlation of mechanical and physical properties of 6061-T6 and 7249-T76 aluminum alloys

Author

N. Aizpuru, T. Oppenheim, T. Scheck, J. Ogren, P. Youngren, W. Dahir, V. Klee, R. Clark, S. Tewfic, S. Lomeli, Omar S. Es-Said, and E.W. Lee

Subjects
Precipitation hardening, Materials science, chemistry, Aluminium, Metallurgy, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, General Materials Science, Cooling rates
Abstract

Al 6061-T6 was exposed to 75 heat treatments and Al 7249-76 was exposed to 90 heat treatments. The solution treatments, cooling rates and age hardening treatments were varied to simulate pitfalls that heat treaters may encounter. The physical and mechanical properties of thermally treated alloys were correlated and discussed.

Published
2007

25. The Effect of Thermal Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of 2099-T6 Die Forgings, 2099-T83 Extrusions, 7075-T7651 Plate, 7085-T7452 Die Forgings, 7085-T7651 Plate, and 2397-T87 Plate Aluminum Alloys

Author

N. Abourialy, J. Jabra, E. W. Lee, M. Setiawan, J. Ogren, T. Oppenheim, Omar S. Es-Said, M. Romios, William E. Frazier, R. Clark, J. Witters, J. Lai, and E.W. Lee

Subjects
business.product_category, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, Forging, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Aluminium, Thermal, Die (manufacturing), General Materials Science, Composite material, business, Percent elongation
Abstract

Aluminum alloys 2099-T6 die forgings, 2099-T83 extrusions, 7075-T7651 plate, 7085-T7452 die forgings, 7085-T7651 plate, and 2397-T87 plate were thermally exposed at temperatures of 180 °C (350 °F), 230 °C (450 °F), and 290 °C (550 °F) for 0.1, 0.5, 2, 10, 100, and 1000 h. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermal exposure on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of these alloys. The data shows that higher temperatures and longer exposure times generally resulted in decreased strength and hardness and increased percent elongation and electrical conductivity.

Published
2006

26. The effects of prolonged thermal exposure on the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of C458 aluminum–lithium alloy

Author

M. Abdelshehid, J. Ogren, D. Ortiz, Omar S. Es-Said, J. Brown, M. Hahn, R. Clark, J. Soltero, Eui Lee, R. Dalton, L. Mendez, M. Pereira, P. DeLeon, and J. Foyos

Subjects
Materials science, Alloy, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Fracture toughness, chemistry, Aluminium, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Thermal, engineering, General Materials Science, Lithium, Thermal stability, Composite material
Abstract

The effect of thermal exposure at 83, 135 and 177 °C up to 1000 h on the electrical resistivity, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of a peak aged Al–Li–Cu–Zr alloy, C458-T861 was studied. Good thermal stability in mechanical properties was observed up to 135 °C. The fracture toughness dropped both as a function of increasing temperature and times.

Published
2006

27. High magnetic field effect on texture and grain growth of GNO silicon steel

Author

A. Kasseh, O. S. E-Said, Peter K. Koo, G. A. Castello Branco, C. Iskandar, Hamid Garmestani, C.M.B. Bacaltchuk, J. Ogren, and R. Abourialy

Subjects
Magnetic annealing, Annealing (metallurgy), Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Analytical chemistry, Nucleation, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Grain size, Grain growth, Mechanics of Materials, engineering, General Materials Science, Grain boundary, Electrical steel
Abstract

Magnetic annealing at 800 °C for 3, 15 and 30 minutes was conducted to evaluate the effect of a 17T magnetic field on the microstructure formation of cold rolled Fe-0.75 %Si samples. According to texture measurements magnetic field did not seem to significantly affect the development of grains with Goss orientation, however it showed to affect the nucleation and growth process of {001}, {110} and {111} grains by increasing the volume fraction of the η fiber and by decreasing the fraction of the alfa and gamma fibers. ESEM/OIM and optical microscope results indicate that although magnetic field may retard nucleation it also promotes grain boundary displacement and for longer annealing times the retardation effect is compensated by the magnetic filed driving force. Hochmagnetische Feldeffekte auf Gefuge und Kornwachstum in GNO Silizium-Stahl Magnetische Gluhungen bei 800 °C fur 3, 15 und 30 Minuten wurden durchgefuhrt, um die Wirkung eines 17T-Magnetfeldes auf die Mikrostrukturbildung von kaltgewalzten Fe-0,75 %-Si-Proben zu untersuchen. Die Gefugeuntersuchungen zeigten, dass das Magnetfeld praktische keinen Einfluss auf die Bildung von Kornern mit Goss-Orientierung hat, jedoch die Bildung und der Wachstumsprozess von {001}, {110} und {111} Kornern durch Erhohung des Volumenanteils der η-Faser und durch Erniedrigung des Anteils der alfa- und gamma-Fasern beeinflusst wird. Messungen mittels ESEM/OIM und optischem Mikroskop lassen erkennen, dass das magnetische Feld zwar die Bildung verzogern kann, jedoch auch die Verschiebung von Korngrenzen begunstigt wird und fur langere Gluhzeiten der Effekt der Verzogerung durch die Wirkung der magnetischen Feldkraft kompensiert wird.

Published
2005

28. Design of Multistep Aging Treatments of 2099 (C458) Al-Li Alloy

Author

J. Ogren, C. Parrish, Omar S. Es-Said, M. Romios, H. W. Babel, and R. Tiraschi

Subjects
Yield (engineering), Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Artificial aging, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Aluminium, Ultimate tensile strength, Forensic engineering, engineering, General Materials Science, Lithium, Elongation, Composite material, Tensile testing
Abstract

Multistep artificial aging treatments coupled with various natural aging times for aluminum lithium 2099 alloy (previously called C458) are discussed to obtain mechanical tensile properties in the T6 condition that match those in the T861 condition, having a yield strength in the range of 414-490 MPa (60-71 ksi), an ultimate strength in the range of 496-538 MPa (72-78 ksi), and 10-13% elongation. Yield and ultimate tensile strengths from 90-100% of the strength of the as-received material (in the T861 condition) were obtained. The highest tensile strengths were consistently obtained with two-step, low-to-high temperature artificial aging treatments consisting of a first step at 120 °C (248 °F) for 12-24 h followed by a second step between 165 and 180 °C (329-356 °F) for 48-100 h. These T6-type heat treatments produced average yield and ultimate strengths in the longitudinal direction in the range of 428-472 MPa (62.1-68.5 ksi) and 487-523 MPa (70.6-75.9 ksi), respectively, as well as lower yield strength anisotropy when compared with the as-received material in the T861 condition.

Published
2005

29. The effect of flash annealing on the mechanical and electrical properties of previously used AM2 mats composed of Al 6061-T6

Author

Jill A. McDonald, J. McLennan, Omar S. Es-Said, J. Foyos, D. Piatkowski, E.W. Lee, N. Aizpuru, L. McLennan, J. Ogren, D. Le, and S. Tewfik

Subjects
Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Conductivity, Indentation hardness, Aircraft landing, chemistry, Aluminium, Thermal, Ultimate tensile strength, General Materials Science, Composite material, Percent elongation
Abstract

Used AM2 mats (aircraft landing platforms) composed of Aluminum 6061-T6 were machined into tensile and conductivity bars. Samples were then subjected to five different temperatures: 315.6, 371.1, 426.7, 482.2 and 537.8 °C (600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 °F), seven different time intervals (10, 20, 30, 70, 90, 120 and 150 s), and eight different exposure times (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 times). The ultimate strength, yield strength, and percent elongation of the samples were determined. Conductivity and hardness tests were also performed to assess the effect of thermal exposure.

Published
2005

30. On the correlation of mechanical and physical properties of 7075-T6 Al alloy

Author

R. Clark, J. Ogren, A. Hernandez, C. Etuk, E.W. Lee, I. Traina, J. Peters, Omar S. Es-Said, B. Coughran, and T. Scheck

Subjects
Quenching, Materials science, Metallurgy, Alloy, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Solution treatment, Indentation hardness, chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Aluminium, Thermal, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, General Materials Science
Abstract

The influence of varying the thermal processing parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of 7075 T6 aluminum alloy was studied. The variables altered were solution treatment temperatures, quenching media and artificial aging conditions. The influence of varying these parameters on the tensile strength, electrical resistivity and hardness of the alloy is discussed and an excellent correlation is found between the tensile strength and hardness.

Published
2005

31. The effect of thermal history on the color of oxide layers in titanium 6242 alloy

Author

J. Foyos, M. Hahn, A. Enriquez, S. Hinkson, H. Garcia, Omar S. Es-Said, J. Ogren, E. W. Lee, and J. Alcisto

Subjects
Materials science, Metallurgy, Abrasive, Alloy, General Engineering, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Layer thickness, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Thermal, engineering, General Materials Science, Simple correlation, Titanium, Hue
Abstract

A study was done to examine the effects of thermal history and surface pretreatment on the color of oxide layers in Titanium 6242 alloy. Coupons of the alloy underwent three different pretreatment options prior to thermal exposure to temperatures from 371 to 760 °C with periods from 6 min up to 100 h. After exposure it was found that there was not a simple correlation between color and thermal history. Also, it was not evident after exposure that the hardness could be traced to the thermal history. However, it was clear that color did rely on pretreatment options. The abrasive treatment resulted in shades of gold with a polished look while the milder treatments produced matte hues of blue. All coupons after exposure were found to have an oxide layer thickness of no more than 400 nm.

Published
2004

32. AN IMPROVED SYNTHETIC METHOD FOR DIPHENYL-1-PYRENYLPHOSPHINE AND THE PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF ITS BORANE ADDUCT

Author

Derek T. Craft, Sarah M. Arcella, Susan M. McDowell, Bruce N. Storhoff, Abigail E. Gay, Michael A. Deibel, Paul J. Ogren, and Phillip E. Fanwick

Subjects
Organic Chemistry, Oxide, Borane, Photochemistry, Biochemistry, Fluorescence, Adduct, Inorganic Chemistry, Bond length, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fluorescence intensity, chemistry, Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine, Phosphine
Abstract

An efficient synthetic method for diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine, DPPP, has been developed involving a low temperature Li-Br exchange reaction using the commercially available 1-bromopyrene. An estimate of the donor ability of this phosphine has been obtained by measuring the A1υ (CO) band of the Ni(CO)3L complex which was found to be 0.4 wave numbers lower than that from the PPh3 complex indicating that DPPP is a slightly better donor than PPh3. The BH3 adduct of DPPP has been prepared and, as the situation for the oxide of DPPP, this adduct is fluorescent. It is estimated that the fluorescence intensity is about half that of DPPPO. An x-ray structure of this adduct has been obtained, and the bond lengths and angles appear to be in expected ranges.

Published
2004

33. Web Camera Use in Developmental Biology, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Laboratories

Author

Charles Peck, Michael Deibel, Paul J. Ogren, Amy B. Mulnix, and Ian Kelly

Subjects
Science instruction, Engineering, business.industry, Educational technology, Engineering ethics, Computational biology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, Student research, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Developmental biology, Education
Published
2004

34. On identifying the most critical step in the sequence of heat treating operations in a 7249 aluminum alloy

Author

Hamid Garmestani, J. Foyos, Maria Emil Iskandar, Y. Gaxiola, Peter N. Kalu, J. Ogren, E.W. Lee, D. Reyes, Omar S. Es-Said, and E. Fudge

Subjects
Quenching, Materials science, Alloy, Metallurgy, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Solution treatment, Precipitation hardening, chemistry, Alonizing, Chemical engineering, Aluminium, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, General Materials Science, Heat treating
Abstract

The variables studied in the heat treatment processes of the 7249 aluminum alloy were 5 solution treatment temperatures (445–505 °C), 3 quenching media (water, 20% polyalkylene glycol, and air), 3 natural aging times (0, 4, and 168 h) and 3 artificial aging temperatures (111, 121, and 131 °C). The effect of varying these parameters on the mechanical strength was discussed. Quenching is identified to be the most critical step in this process.

Published
2003

37. Recombination of Methyl Radicals. 1. New Data between 1175 and 1750 K in the Falloff Region

Author

Paul J. Ogren, Hong Du‡ and, and Jan P. Hessler

Subjects
Argon, chemistry, Radical, Buffer gas, General Engineering, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Recombination, Dissociation (chemistry)
Abstract

The rate coefficient for the recombination of methyl radicals, CH3 + CH3 → C2H6, was measured in incident shock-wave experiments on azomethane (0.12−1.3%) in argon. Methyl radicals were detected at 46 294 cm-1 (215.94 nm in air) by the tunable-laser flash-absorption technique. Postshock pressures between 114 and 230 kPa (1.13−2.27 atm) produced buffer gas concentrations between 5.4 × 1018 and 1.1 × 1019 cm-3. The cross section for optical absorption, the rate of dissociation of azomethane, and the rate coefficient of the recombinational reaction were determined simultaneously by least-squares analysis of methyl absorption profiles. The rate coefficient for the dissociation of azomethane from 850 to 1430 K is kdis(T) = 2.22 × 1039T-7.99 exp{−25920/T(K)} s-1. The temperature-dependent rate of recombination at 1.2 atm compares favorably with previous measurements. In terms of the phenomenological three-parameter equation of Kooji and the asymmetric Lorentzian broadening function of Gilbert et al., the recomb...

Published
1996

38. Sensitivity and correlation analysis of the physical parameters in absorption, four-wave mixing, and Schlieren experiments

Author

Paul J. Ogren and Jan P. Hessler

Subjects
Basis (linear algebra), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Thermodynamics, Biochemistry, Signal, Inorganic Chemistry, Reaction rate, Four-wave mixing, Schlieren, Linear independence, Sensitivity (control systems), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

Experimental data that are used to determine rate coefficients depend not only upon reaction rates but also the physical properties of the measured species. Sensitivity coefficients are presented for the physical parameters of three general experimental techniques: a signal linearly dependent on the concentration of a species, a signal quadratically dependent on concentration, and a schlieren signal, which depends upon a bulk property of the system. With these, both the physical and chemical parameters of a model may be treated on a comparable basis. The similarities and differences between these techniques are illustrated in a simple example of radical formation via first-order precursor decomposition followed by second-order recombination. The results are then applied to two important examples: H2 + O2 and CH3 + CH3. In almost all cases, the experimental data contains more information about the physical parameters, such as the optical cross section, than the kinetic rate coefficients. Furthermore, if a physical parameter is not properly treated; strong correlations between it and rate coefficients will introduce significant systematic biases in the rate coefficient. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Published
1995

40. Californian wildfire plumes over Southwestern British Columbia: lidar, sunphotometry, and mountaintop chemistry observations

Author

I. McKendry, K. Strawbridge, M. L. Karumudi, N. O'Neill, A. M. Macdonald, R. Leaitch, D. Jaffe, S. Sharma, P. Sheridan, and J. Ogren

Abstract

Forest fires in Northern California and Oregon were responsible for two significant regional scale aerosol transport events observed in southern British Columbia during summer 2008. A combination of ground based (CORALNet) and satellite (CALIPSO) lidar, sunphotometry and high altitude chemistry observations permitted unprecedented characterization of forest fire plume height and mixing as well as description of optical properties and physicochemistry of the aerosol. In southwestern BC, lidar observations show the smoke to be mixed through a layer extending to 5–6 km a.g.l. where the aerosol was confined by an elevated inversion in both cases. Depolarization ratios for a trans-Pacific dust event (providing a basis for comparison) and the two smoke events were consistent with observations of dust and smoke events elsewhere and permit discrimination of aerosol events in the region. Based on sunphotometry, the Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT) reached maxima of ~0.7 and ~0.4 for the two events respectively. Dubovik-retrieval values of reff,f during both the June/July and August events varied between about 0.13 and 0.15 μm and confirm the dominance of accumulation mode size particles in the forest fire plumes. Both Whistler Peak and Mount Bachelor Observatory data show that smoke events are accompanied by elevated CO and O3 concentrations as well as elevated K+/SO4 ratios. In addition to documenting the meteorology and physico-chemical characteristics of two regional scale biomass burning plumes, this study demonstrates the positive analytical synergies arising from the suite of measurements now in place in the Pacific Northwest, and complemented by satellite borne instruments.

Published
2010

43. The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration

Author

The ATLAS Collaboration Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdallah, J. Abdelalim, A.A. Abdesselam, A. Abdinov, O. Abi, B. Abolins, M. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Acharya, B.S. Adams, D.L. Addy, T.N. Adelman, J. Adorisio, C. Adragna, P. Adye, T. Aefsky, S. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Aharrouche, M. Ahlen, S.P. Ahles, F. Ahmad, A. Ahsan, M. Aielli, G. Akdogan, T. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimoto, G. Akimov, A.V. Aktas, A. Alam, M.S. Alam, M.A. Albrand, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexandre, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Aliyev, M. Allport, P.P. Allwood-Spiers, S.E. Almond, J. Aloisio, A. Alon, R. Alonso, A. Alviggi, M.G. Amako, K. Amelung, C. Amorim, A. Amorós, G. Amram, N. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, C.F. Anderson, K.J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Anduaga, X.S. Angerami, A. Anghinolfi, F. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antonaki, A. Antonelli, M. Antonelli, S. Antos, J. Antunovic, B. Anulli, F. Aoun, S. Arabidze, G. Aracena, I. Arai, Y. Arce, A.T.H. Archambault, J.P. Arfaoui, S. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, T. Arik, M. Armbruster, A.J. Arnaez, O. Arnault, C. Artamonov, A. Arutinov, D. Asai, M. Asai, S. Asfandiyarov, R. Ask, S. Åsman, B. Asner, D. Asquith, L. Assamagan, K. Astvatsatourov, A. Atoian, G. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurousseau, M. Austin, N. Avolio, G. Avramidou, R. Ay, C. Azuelos, G. Azuma, Y. Baak, M.A. Bach, A.M. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backes, M. Badescu, E. Bagnaia, P. Bai, Y. Bain, T. Baines, J.T. Baker, O.K. Baker, M.D. Baker, S. Dos Pedrosa, F.B.S. Banas, E. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Banfi, D. Bangert, A. Bansal, V. Baranov, S.P. Barashkou, A. Barber, T. Barberio, E.L. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. Bardin, D.Y. Barillari, T. Barisonzi, M. Barklow, T. Barlow, N. Barnett, B.M. Barnett, R.M. Baroncelli, A. Barr, A.J. Barreiro, F. Guimarães da Costa, J.B. Barrillon, P. Bartoldus, R. Bartsch, D. Bates, R.L. Batkova, L. Batley, J.R. Battaglia, A. Battistin, M. Bauer, F. Bawa, H.S. Bazalova, M. Beare, B. Beau, T. Beauchemin, P.H. Beccherle, R. Bechtle, P. Beck, G.A. Beck, H.P. Beckingham, M. Becks, K.H. Beddall, A.J. Beddall, A. Bednyakov, V.A. Bee, C. Begel, M. Harpaz, S.B. Behera, P.K. Beimforde, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bell, P.J. Bell, W.H. Bella, G. Bellagamba, L. Bellina, F. Bellomo, M. Belloni, A. Belotskiy, K. Beltramello, O. Ami, S.B. Benary, O. Benchekroun, D. Bendel, M. Benedict, B.H. Benekos, N. Benhammou, Y. Benjamin, D.P. Benoit, M. Bensinger, J.R. Benslama, K. Bentvelsen, S. Beretta, M. Berge, D. Kuutmann, E.B. Berger, N. Berghaus, F. Berglund, E. Beringer, J. Bernabéu, J. Bernat, P. Bernhard, R. Bernius, C. Berry, T. Bertin, A. Besana, M.I. Besson, N. Bethke, S. Bianchi, R.M. Bianco, M. Biebel, O. Biesiada, J. Biglietti, M. Bilokon, H. Bindi, M. Bingul, A. Bini, C. Biscarat, C. Bitenc, U. Black, K.M. Blair, R.E. Blanchard, J.-B. Blanchot, G. Blocker, C. Blondel, A. Blum, W. Blumenschein, U. Bobbink, G.J. Bocci, A. Boehler, M. Boek, J. Boelaert, N. Böser, S. Bogaerts, J.A. Bogouch, A. Bohm, C. Bohm, J. Boisvert, V. Bold, T. Boldea, V. Bondarenko, V.G. Bondioli, M. Boonekamp, M. Bordoni, S. Borer, C. Borisov, A. Borissov, G. Borjanovic, I. Borroni, S. Bos, K. Boscherini, D. Bosman, M. Boterenbrood, H. Bouchami, J. Boudreau, J. Bouhova-Thacker, E.V. Boulahouache, C. Bourdarios, C. Boveia, A. Boyd, J. Boyko, I.R. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I. Bracinik, J. Braem, A. Branchini, P. Brandt, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Bratzler, U. Brau, B. Brau, J.E. Braun, H.M. Brelier, B. Bremer, J. Brenner, R. Bressler, S. Britton, D. Brochu, F.M. Brock, I. Brock, R. Brodet, E. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooks, W.K. Brown, G. Bruckman de Renstrom, P.A. Bruncko, D. Bruneliere, R. Brunet, S. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Bruschi, M. Bucci, F. Buchanan, J. Buchholz, P. Buckley, A.G. Budagov, I.A. Budick, B. Büscher, V. Bugge, L. Bulekov, O. Bunse, M. Buran, T. Burckhart, H. Burdin, S. Burgess, T. Burke, S. Busato, E. Bussey, P. Buszello, C.P. Butin, F. Butler, B. Butler, J.M. Buttar, C.M. Butterworth, J.M. Byatt, T. Caballero, J. Cabrera Urbán, S. Caforio, D. Cakir, O. Calafiura, P. Calderini, G. Calfayan, P. Calkins, R. Caloba, L.P. Calvet, D. Camarri, P. Cameron, D. Campana, S. Campanelli, M. Canale, V. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Cantero, J. Capasso, L. Garrido, M.D.M.C. Caprini, I. Caprini, M. Capua, M. Caputo, R. Caramarcu, C. Cardarelli, R. Carli, T. Carlino, G. Carminati, L. Caron, B. Caron, S. Montoya, G.D.C. Montero, S.C. Carter, A.A. Carter, J.R. Carvalho, J. Casadei, D. Casado, M.P. Cascella, M. Castaneda Hernandez, A.M. Castaneda-Miranda, E. Gimenez, V.C. Castro, N.F. Cataldi, G. Catinaccio, A. Catmore, J.R. Cattai, A. Cattani, G. Caughron, S. Cavalleri, P. Cavalli, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cavasinni, V. Ceradini, F. Cerqueira, A.S. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Cerutti, F. Cetin, S.A. Chafaq, A. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chapman, J.D. Chapman, J.W. Chareyre, E. Charlton, D.G. Chavda, V. Cheatham, S. Chekanov, S. Chekulaev, S.V. Chelkov, G.A. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, X. Cheplakov, A. Chepurnov, V.F. Cherkaoui El Moursli, R. Tcherniatine, V. Chesneanu, D. Cheu, E. Cheung, S.L. Chevalier, L. Chevallier, F. Chiefari, G. Chikovani, L. Childers, J.T. Chilingarov, A. Chiodini, G. Chizhov, V. Choudalakis, G. Chouridou, S. Christidi, I.A. Christov, A. Chromek-Burckhart, D. Chu, M.L. Chudoba, J. Ciapetti, G. Ciftci, A.K. Ciftci, R. Cinca, D. Cindro, V. Ciobotaru, M.D. Ciocca, C. Ciocio, A. Cirilli, M. Clark, A. Clark, P.J. Cleland, W. Clemens, J.C. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cobal, M. Coccaro, A. Cochran, J. Coggeshall, J. Cogneras, E. Colijn, A.P. Collard, C. Collins, N.J. Collins-Tooth, C. Collot, J. Colon, G. Conde Muiño, P. Coniavitis, E. Conidi, M.C. Consonni, M. Constantinescu, S. Conta, C. Conventi, F. Cooke, M. Cooper, B.D. Cooper-Sarkar, A.M. Cooper-Smith, N.J. Copic, K. Cornelissen, T. Corradi, M. Corriveau, F. Corso-Radu, A. Cortes-Gonzalez, A. Cortiana, G. Costa, G. Costa, M.J. Costanzo, D. Costin, T. Côté, D. Torres, R.C. Courneyea, L. Cowan, G. Cowden, C. Cox, B.E. Cranmer, K. Cranshaw, J. Cristinziani, M. Crosetti, G. Crupi, R. Crépé-Renaudin, S. Almenar, C.C. Donszelmann, T.C. Curatolo, M. Curtis, C.J. Cwetanski, P. Czyczula, Z. D'Auria, S. D'Onofrio, M. D'Orazio, A. Da Via, C. Dabrowski, W. Dai, T. Dallapiccola, C. Dallison, S.J. Daly, C.H. Dam, M. Danielsson, H.O. Dannheim, D. Dao, V. Darbo, G. Darlea, G.L. Davey, W. Davidek, T. Davidson, N. Davidson, R. Davies, M. Davison, A.R. Dawson, I. Daya, R.K. De, K. de Asmundis, R. De Castro, S. De Faria Salgado, P.E.C. De Cecco, S. de Graat, J. De Groot, N. de Jong, P. De Mora, L. De Branco, M.O. De Pedis, D. De Salvo, A. De Sanctis, U. De Santo, A. De Vivie De Regie, J.B. Dean, S. Dedovich, D.V. Degenhardt, J. Dehchar, M. Del Papa, C. Del Peso, J. Del Prete, T. Dell'Acqua, A. Dell'Asta, L. Della Pietra, M. della Volpe, D. Delmastro, M. Delsart, P.A. Deluca, C. Demers, S. Demichev, M. Demirkoz, B. Deng, J. Deng, W. Denisov, S.P. Derkaoui, J.E. Derue, F. Dervan, P. 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Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7. 6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22. 1±0. 9 μm and a relative momentum resolution σp/p=(4. 83±0. 16)×10-4 GeV-1×pT have been measured for high momentum tracks. © 2010 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.

Published
2010

44. Commissioning of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with cosmic rays

Author

The ATLAS Collaboration Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdallah, J. Abdelalim, A.A. Abdesselam, A. Abdinov, O. Abi, B. Abolins, M. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Acharya, B.S. Adams, D.L. Addy, T.N. Adelman, J. Adorisio, C. Adragna, P. Adye, T. Aefsky, S. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Aharrouche, M. Ahlen, S.P. Ahles, F. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, H. Ahsan, M. Aielli, G. Akdogan, T. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimoto, G. Akimov, A.V. Aktas, A. Alam, M.S. Alam, M.A. Albrand, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexandre, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Aliyev, M. Allport, P.P. Allwood-Spiers, S.E. Almond, J. Aloisio, A. Alon, R. Alonso, A. Alviggi, M.G. Amako, K. Amelung, C. Amorim, A. Amorós, G. Amram, N. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, C.F. Anderson, K.J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Anduaga, X.S. Angerami, A. Anghinolfi, F. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antonaki, A. Antonelli, M. Antonelli, S. Antos, J. Antunovic, B. Anulli, F. Aoun, S. Arabidze, G. Aracena, I. Arai, Y. Arce, A.T.H. Archambault, J.P. Arfaoui, S. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, T. Arik, M. Armbruster, A.J. Arnaez, O. Arnault, C. Artamonov, A. Arutinov, D. Asai, M. Asai, S. Asfandiyarov, R. Ask, S. Åsman, B. Asner, D. Asquith, L. Assamagan, K. Astbury, A. Astvatsatourov, A. Atoian, G. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurousseau, M. Austin, N. Avolio, G. Avramidou, R. Axen, D. Ay, C. Azuelos, G. Azuma, Y. Baak, M.A. Bach, A.M. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backes, M. Badescu, E. Bagnaia, P. Bai, Y. Bain, T. Baines, J.T. Baker, O.K. Baker, M.D. Baker, S. Dos Santos Pedrosa, F.B. Banas, E. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Banfi, D. Bangert, A. Bansal, V. Baranov, S.P. Baranov, S. Barashkou, A. Barber, T. Barberio, E.L. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. Bardin, D.Y. Barillari, T. Barisonzi, M. Barklow, T. Barlow, N. Barnett, B.M. Barnett, R.M. Baroncelli, A. Barr, A.J. Barreiro, F. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J. Barrillon, P. Bartoldus, R. Bartsch, D. Bates, R.L. Batkova, L. Batley, J.R. Battaglia, A. Battistin, M. Bauer, F. Bawa, H.S. Bazalova, M. Beare, B. Beau, T. Beauchemin, P.H. Beccherle, R. Becerici, N. Bechtle, P. Beck, G.A. Beck, H.P. Beckingham, M. Becks, K.H. Beddall, A.J. Beddall, A. Bednyakov, V.A. Bee, C. Begel, M. Harpaz, S.B. Behera, P.K. Beimforde, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bell, P.J. Bell, W.H. Bella, G. Bellagamba, L. Bellina, F. Bellomo, M. Belloni, A. Belotskiy, K. Beltramello, O. Ben Ami, S. Benary, O. Benchekroun, D. Bendel, M. Benedict, B.H. Benekos, N. Benhammou, Y. Benincasa, G.P. Benjamin, D.P. Benoit, M. Bensinger, J.R. Benslama, K. Bentvelsen, S. Beretta, M. Berge, D. Bergeaas Kuutmann, E. Berger, N. Berghaus, F. Berglund, E. Beringer, J. Bernat, P. Bernhard, R. Bernius, C. Berry, T. Bertin, A. Besana, M.I. Besson, N. Bethke, S. Bianchi, R.M. Bianco, M. Biebel, O. Biesiada, J. Biglietti, M. Bilokon, H. Bindi, M. Binet, S. Bingul, A. Bini, C. Biscarat, C. Bitenc, U. Black, K.M. Blair, R.E. Blanchard, J.-B. Blanchot, G. Blocker, C. Blondel, A. Blum, W. Blumenschein, U. Bobbink, G.J. Bocci, A. Boehler, M. Boek, J. Boelaert, N. Böser, S. Bogaerts, J.A. Bogouch, A. Bohm, C. Bohm, J. Boisvert, V. Bold, T. Boldea, V. Bondarenko, V.G. Bondioli, M. Boonekamp, M. Bordoni, S. Borer, C. Borisov, A. Borissov, G. Borjanovic, I. Borroni, S. Bos, K. Boscherini, D. Bosman, M. Boterenbrood, H. Bouchami, J. Boudreau, J. Bouhova-Thacker, E.V. Boulahouache, C. Bourdarios, C. Boveia, A. Boyd, J. Boyko, I.R. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I. Bracinik, J. Braem, A. Branchini, P. Brandenburg, G.W. Brandt, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Bratzler, U. Brau, B. Brau, J.E. Braun, H.M. Brelier, B. Bremer, J. Brenner, R. Bressler, S. Britton, D. Brochu, F.M. Brock, I. Brock, R. Brodet, E. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooks, W.K. Brown, G. Bruckman de Renstrom, P.A. Bruncko, D. Bruneliere, R. Brunet, S. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Bruschi, M. Bucci, F. Buchanan, J. Buchholz, P. Buckley, A.G. Budagov, I.A. Budick, B. Büscher, V. Bugge, L. Bulekov, O. Bunse, M. Buran, T. Burckhart, H. Burdin, S. Burgess, T. Burke, S. Busato, E. Bussey, P. Buszello, C.P. Butin, F. Butler, B. Butler, J.M. Buttar, C.M. Butterworth, J.M. Byatt, T. Caballero, J. Cabrera Urbán, S. Caforio, D. Cakir, O. Calafiura, P. Calderini, G. Calfayan, P. Calkins, R. Caloba, L.P. Calvet, D. Camarri, P. Cameron, D. Campana, S. Campanelli, M. Canale, V. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Cantero, J. Capasso, L. Capeans Garrido, M.D.M. Caprini, I. Caprini, M. Capua, M. Caputo, R. Caramarcu, C. Cardarelli, R. Carli, T. Carlino, G. Carminati, L. Caron, B. Caron, S. Carrillo Montoya, G.D. Carron Montero, S. Carter, A.A. Carter, J.R. Carvalho, J. Casadei, D. Casado, M.P. Cascella, M. Castaneda Hernandez, A.M. Castaneda-Miranda, E. Castillo Gimenez, V. Castro, N.F. Cataldi, G. Catinaccio, A. Catmore, J.R. Cattai, A. Cattani, G. Caughron, S. Cauz, D. Cavalleri, P. Cavalli, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cavasinni, V. Ceradini, F. Cerqueira, A.S. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Cerutti, F. Cetin, S.A. Chafaq, A. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chapman, J.D. Chapman, J.W. Chareyre, E. Charlton, D.G. Chavda, V. Cheatham, S. Chekanov, S. Chekulaev, S.V. Chelkov, G.A. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, X. Cheplakov, A. Chepurnov, V.F. Cherkaoui El Moursli, R. Tcherniatine, V. Chesneanu, D. Cheu, E. Cheung, S.L. Chevalier, L. Chevallier, F. Chiarella, V. Chiefari, G. Chikovani, L. Childers, J.T. Chilingarov, A. Chiodini, G. Chizhov, V. Choudalakis, G. Chouridou, S. Christidi, I.A. Christov, A. Chromek-Burckhart, D. Chu, M.L. Chudoba, J. Ciapetti, G. Ciftci, A.K. Ciftci, R. Cinca, D. Cindro, V. Ciobotaru, M.D. Ciocca, C. Ciocio, A. Cirilli, M. Citterio, M. Clark, A. Clark, P.J. Cleland, W. Clemens, J.C. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cobal, M. Coccaro, A. Cochran, J. Coggeshall, J. Cogneras, E. Colijn, A.P. Collard, C. Collins, N.J. Collins-Tooth, C. Collot, J. Colon, G. Conde Muiño, P. Coniavitis, E. Consonni, M. Constantinescu, S. Conta, C. Conventi, F. Cooke, M. Cooper, B.D. Cooper-Sarkar, A.M. Cooper-Smith, N.J. Copic, K. Cornelissen, T. Corradi, M. Corriveau, F. Corso-Radu, A. Cortes-Gonzalez, A. Cortiana, G. Costa, G. Costa, M.J. Costanzo, D. Costin, T. Côté, D. Coura Torres, R. Courneyea, L. Cowan, G. Cowden, C. Cox, B.E. Cranmer, K. Cranshaw, J. Cristinziani, M. Crosetti, G. Crupi, R. Crépé-Renaudin, S. Almenar, C.C. Cuhadar Donszelmann, T. Curatolo, M. Curtis, C.J. Cwetanski, P. Czyczula, Z. D'Auria, S. D'Onofrio, M. D'Orazio, A. Da Via, C. Dabrowski, W. Dai, T. Dallapiccola, C. Dallison, S.J. Daly, C.H. Dam, M. Danielsson, H.O. Dannheim, D. Dao, V. Darbo, G. Darlea, G.L. Davey, W. Davidek, T. Davidson, N. Davidson, R. Davies, M. Davison, A.R. Dawson, I. Daya, R.K. De, K. de Asmundis, R. De Castro, S. De Castro Faria Salgado, P.E. De Cecco, S. de Graat, J. De Groot, N. de Jong, P. De Mora, L. De Oliveira Branco, M. De Pedis, D. De Salvo, A. De Sanctis, U. De Santo, A. De Vivie De Regie, J.B. De Zorzi, G. Dean, S. Dedovich, D.V. Degenhardt, J. Dehchar, M. Del Papa, C. Del Peso, J. Del Prete, T. Dell'Acqua, A. Dell'Asta, L. Della Pietra, M. della Volpe, D. Delmastro, M. Delsart, P.A. Deluca, C. Demers, S. Demichev, M. Demirkoz, B. Deng, J. Deng, W. Denisov, S.P. Derkaoui, J.E. Derue, F. Dervan, P. Desch, K. Deviveiros, P.O. Dewhurst, A. DeWilde, B. Dhaliwal, S. Dhullipudi, R. Di Ciaccio, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Domenico, A. Di Girolamo, A. Di Girolamo, B. Di Luise, S. Di Mattia, A. Di Nardo, R. Di Simone, A. Di Sipio, R. Diaz, M.A. Diblen, F. Diehl, E.B. Dietrich, J. Dietzsch, T.A. Diglio, S. Dindar Yagci, K. Dingfelder, J. Dionisi, C. Dita, P. Dita, S. Dittus, F. Djama, F. Djilkibaev, R. Djobava, T. do Vale, M.A.B. Do Valle Wemans, A. Doan, T.K.O. Dobos, D. Dobson, E. Dobson, M. Doglioni, C. Doherty, T. Dolejsi, J. Dolenc, I. Dolezal, Z. Dolgoshein, B.A. Dohmae, T. Donega, M. Donini, J. Dopke, J. Doria, A. Dos Anjos, A. Dotti, A. Dova, M.T. Doxiadis, A. Doyle, A.T. Drasal, Z. Dris, M. Dubbert, J. Duchovni, E. Duckeck, G. Dudarev, A. Dudziak, F. Dührssen, M. Duflot, L. Dufour, M.-A. Dunford, M. Duran Yildiz, H. Dushkin, A. Duxfield, R. Dwuznik, M. Düren, M. Ebenstein, W.L. Ebke, J. Eckweiler, S. Edmonds, K. Edwards, C.A. Egorov, K. Ehrenfeld, W. Ehrich, T. Eifert, T. Eigen, G. Einsweiler, K. Eisenhandler, E. Ekelof, T. El Kacimi, M. Ellert, M. Elles, S. Ellinghaus, F. Ellis, K. Ellis, N. Elmsheuser, J. Elsing, M. Emeliyanov, D. Engelmann, R. Engl, A. Epp, B. Eppig, A. Erdmann, J. Ereditato, A. Eriksson, D. Ermoline, I. Ernst, J. Ernst, M. Ernwein, J. Errede, D. Errede, S. Ertel, E. Escalier, M. Escobar, C. Espinal Curull, X. Esposito, B. Etienvre, A.I. Etzion, E. Evans, H. Fabbri, L. Fabre, C. Facius, K. Fakhrutdinov, R.M. Falciano, S. Fang, Y. Fanti, M. Farbin, A. Farilla, A. Farley, J. Farooque, T. Farrington, S.M. Farthouat, P. Fassnacht, P. Fassouliotis, D. Fatholahzadeh, B. Fayard, L. Fayette, F. Febbraro, R. Federic, P. Fedin, O.L. Fedorko, W. Feligioni, L. Felzmann, C.U. Feng, C. Feng, E.J. Fenyuk, A.B. Ferencei, J. Ferland, J. Fernandes, B. Fernando, W. Ferrag, S. Ferrando, J. Ferrara, V. Ferrari, A. Ferrari, P. Ferrari, R. Ferrer, A. Ferrer, M.L. Ferrere, D. Ferretti, C. Fiascaris, M. Fiedler, F. Filipčič, A. Filippas, A. Filthaut, F. Fincke-Keeler, M. Fiolhais, M.C.N. Fiorini, L. Firan, A. Fischer, G. Fisher, M.J. Flechl, M. Fleck, I. Fleckner, J. Fleischmann, P. Fleischmann, S. Flick, T. Flores Castillo, L.R. Flowerdew, M.J. Martin, T.F. Formica, A. Forti, A. Fortin, D. Fournier, D. Fowler, A.J. Fowler, K. Fox, H. Francavilla, P. Franchino, S. Francis, D. Franklin, M. Franz, S. Fraternali, M. Fratina, S. Freestone, J. French, S.T. Froeschl, R. Froidevaux, D. Frost, J.A. Fukunaga, C. Torregrosa, E.F. Fuster, J. Gabaldon, C. Gabizon, O. Gadfort, T. Gadomski, S. Gagliardi, G. Gagnon, P. Galea, C. Gallas, E.J. Gallo, V. Gallop, B.J. Gallus, P. Galyaev, E. Gan, K.K. Gao, Y.S. Gaponenko, A. Garcia-Sciveres, M. García, C. Navarro, J.E.G. Gardner, R.W. Garelli, N. Garitaonandia, H. Garonne, V. Gatti, C. Gaudio, G. Gautard, V. Gauzzi, P. Gavrilenko, I.L. Gay, C. Gaycken, G. Gazis, E.N. Ge, P. Gee, C.N.P. Geich-Gimbel, C. Gellerstedt, K. Gemme, C. Genest, M.H. Gentile, S. Georgatos, F. George, S. Gershon, A. Ghazlane, H. Ghodbane, N. Giacobbe, B. Giagu, S. Giakoumopoulou, V. Giangiobbe, V. Gianotti, F. Gibbard, B. Gibson, A. Gibson, S.M. Gilbert, L.M. Gilchriese, M. Gilewsky, V. Gingrich, D.M. Ginzburg, J. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M.P. Giordano, R. Giorgi, F.M. Giovannini, P. Giraud, P.F. Girtler, P. Giugni, D. Giusti, P. Gjelsten, B.K. Gladilin, L.K. Glasman, C. Glazov, A. Glitza, K.W. Glonti, G.L. Godfrey, J. Godlewski, J. Goebel, M. Göpfert, T. Goeringer, C. Gössling, C. Göttfert, T. Goggi, V. Goldfarb, S. Goldin, D. Golling, T. Gomes, A. Fajardo, L.S.G. Gonçalo, R. Gonella, L. Gong, C. González de la Hoz, S. Silva, M.L.G. Gonzalez-Sevilla, S. Goodson, J.J. Goossens, L. Gordon, H.A. Gorelov, I. Gorfine, G. Gorini, B. Gorini, E. Gorišek, A. Gornicki, E. Gosdzik, B. Gosselink, M. Gostkin, M.I. Eschrich, I.G. Gouighri, M. Goujdami, D. Goulette, M.P. Goussiou, A.G. Goy, C. Grabowska-Bold, I. Grafström, P. Grahn, K.-J. Grancagnolo, S. Grassi, V. Gratchev, V. Grau, N. Gray, H.M. Gray, J.A. Graziani, E. Green, B. Greenshaw, T. Greenwood, Z.D. Gregor, I.M. Grenier, P. Griesmayer, E. Griffiths, J. Grigalashvili, N. Grillo, A.A. Grimm, K. Grinstein, S. Grishkevich, Y.V. Groh, M. Groll, M. Gross, E. Grosse-Knetter, J. Groth-Jensen, J. Grybel, K. Guicheney, C. Guida, A. Guillemin, T. Guler, H. Gunther, J. Guo, B. Gupta, A. Gusakov, Y. Gutierrez, A. Gutierrez, P. Guttman, N. Gutzwiller, O. Guyot, C. Gwenlan, C. Gwilliam, C.B. Haas, A. Haas, S. Haber, C. Hadavand, H.K. Hadley, D.R. Haefner, P. Härtel, R. Hajduk, Z. Hakobyan, H. Haller, J. Hamacher, K. Hamilton, A. Hamilton, S. Han, L. Hanagaki, K. Hance, M. Handel, C. Hanke, P. Hansen, J.R. Hansen, J.B. Hansen, J.D. Hansen, P.H. Hansl-Kozanecka, T. Hansson, P. Hara, K. Hare, G.A. Harenberg, T. Harrington, R.D. Harris, O.M. Harrison, K. Hartert, J. Hartjes, F. Harvey, A. Hasegawa, S. Hasegawa, Y. Hashemi, K. Hassani, S. Haug, S. Hauschild, M. Hauser, R. Havranek, M. Hawkes, C.M. Hawkings, R.J. Hayakawa, T. Hayward, H.S. Haywood, S.J. Head, S.J. Hedberg, V. Heelan, L. Heim, S. Heinemann, B. Heisterkamp, S. Helary, L. Heller, M. Hellman, S. Helsens, C. Hemperek, T. Henderson, R.C.W. Henke, M. Henrichs, A. Correia, A.M.H. Henrot-Versille, S. Hensel, C. Henß, T. Jiménez, Y.H. Hershenhorn, A.D. Herten, G. Hertenberger, R. Hervas, L. Hessey, N.P. Higón-Rodriguez, E. Hill, J.C. Hiller, K.H. Hillert, S. Hillier, S.J. Hinchliffe, I. Hines, E. Hirose, M. Hirsch, F. Hirschbuehl, D. Hobbs, J. Hod, N. Hodgkinson, M.C. Hodgson, P. Hoecker, A. Hoeferkamp, M.R. Hoffman, J. Hoffmann, D. Hohlfeld, M. Holy, T. Holzbauer, J.L. Homma, Y. Horazdovsky, T. Hori, T. Horn, C. Horner, S. Horvat, S. Hostachy, J.-Y. Hou, S. Hoummada, A. Howe, T. Hrivnac, J. Hryn'ova, T. Hsu, P.J. Hsu, S.-C. Huang, G.S. Hubacek, Z. Hubaut, F. Huegging, F. Hughes, E.W. Hughes, G. Hurwitz, M. Husemann, U. Huseynov, N. Huston, J. Huth, J. Iacobucci, G. Iakovidis, G. Ibragimov, I. Iconomidou-Fayard, L. Idarraga, J. Iengo, P. Igonkina, O. Ikegami, Y. Ikeno, M. Ilchenko, Y. Iliadis, D. Ince, T. Ioannou, P. Iodice, M. Irles Quiles, A. Ishikawa, A. Ishino, M. Ishmukhametov, R. Isobe, T. Issakov, V. Issever, C. Istin, S. Itoh, Y. Ivashin, A.V. Iwanski, W. Iwasaki, H. Izen, J.M. Izzo, V. Jackson, B. Jackson, J.N. Jackson, P. Jaekel, M.R. Jain, V. Jakobs, K. Jakobsen, S. Jakubek, J. Jana, D.K. Jansen, E. Jantsch, A. Janus, M. Jared, R.C. Jarlskog, G. Jeanty, L. Plante, I.J. Jenni, P. Jez, P. Jézéquel, S. Ji, W. Jia, J. Jiang, Y. Belenguer, M.J. Jin, S. Jinnouchi, O. Joffe, D. Johansen, M. Johansson, K.E. Johansson, P. Johnert, S. Johns, K.A. Jon-And, K. Jones, G. Jones, R.W.L. Jones, T.J. Jorge, P.M. Joseph, J. Juranek, V. Jussel, P. Kabachenko, V.V. Kaci, M. Kaczmarska, A. Kado, M. Kagan, H. Kagan, M. Kaiser, S. Kajomovitz, E. Kalinin, S. Kalinovskaya, L.V. 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Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider has collected several hundred million cosmic ray events during 2008 and 2009. These data were used to commission the Muon Spectrometer and to study the performance of the trigger and tracking chambers, their alignment, the detector control system, the data acquisition and the analysis programs. We present the performance in the relevant parameters that determine the quality of the muon measurement. We discuss the single element efficiency, resolution and noise rates, the calibration method of the detector response and of the alignment system, the track reconstruction efficiency and the momentum measurement. The results show that the detector is close to the design performance and that the Muon Spectrometer is ready to detect muons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions. © 2010 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.

Published
2010

45. The ATLAS Simulation Infrastructure

Author

The ATLAS Collaboration Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdallah, J. Abdelalim, A.A. Abdesselam, A. Abdinov, O. Abi, B. Abolins, M. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Acharya, B.S. Adams, D.L. Addy, T.N. Adelman, J. Adorisio, C. Adragna, P. Adye, T. Aefsky, S. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Aharrouche, M. Ahlen, S.P. Ahles, F. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, H. Ahsan, M. Aielli, G. Akdogan, T. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimoto, G. Akimov, A.V. Aktas, A. Alam, M.S. Alam, M.A. Albrand, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexandre, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Aliyev, M. Allport, P.P. Allwood-Spiers, S.E. Almond, J. Aloisio, A. Alon, R. Alonso, A. Alviggi, M.G. Amako, K. Amelung, C. Amorim, A. Amorós, G. Amram, N. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, C.F. Anderson, K.J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Anduaga, X.S. Angerami, A. Anghinolfi, F. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antonaki, A. Antonelli, M. Antonelli, S. Antos, J. Antunovic, B. Anulli, F. Aoun, S. Arabidze, G. Aracena, I. Arai, Y. Arce, A.T.H. Archambault, J.P. Arfaoui, S. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, T. Arik, M. Armbruster, A.J. Arnaez, O. Arnault, C. Artamonov, A. Arutinov, D. Asai, M. Asai, S. Asfandiyarov, R. Ask, S. Åsman, B. Asner, D. Asquith, L. Assamagan, K. Astbury, A. Astvatsatourov, A. Atoian, G. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurousseau, M. Austin, N. Avolio, G. Avramidou, R. Axen, D. Ay, C. Azuelos, G. Azuma, Y. Baak, M.A. Bach, A.M. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backes, M. Badescu, E. Bagnaia, P. Bai, Y. Bain, T. Baines, J.T. Baker, O.K. Baker, M.D. Baker, S. Dos Santos Pedrosa, F.B. Banas, E. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Banfi, D. Bangert, A. Bansal, V. Baranov, S.P. Baranov, S. Barashkou, A. Barber, T. Barberio, E.L. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. Bardin, D.Y. Barillari, T. Barisonzi, M. Barklow, T. Barlow, N. Barnett, B.M. Barnett, R.M. Baroncelli, A. Barr, A.J. Barreiro, F. Guimarães da Costa, J.B. Barrillon, P. Bartoldus, R. Bartsch, D. Bates, R.L. Batkova, L. Batley, J.R. Battaglia, A. Battistin, M. Bauer, F. Bawa, H.S. 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Polci, F. Polesello, G. Policicchio, A. Polini, A. Poll, J. Polychronakos, V. Pomeroy, D. Pommès, K. Ponsot, P. Pontecorvo, L. Pope, B.G. Popeneciu, G.A. Popovic, D.S. Poppleton, A. Popule, J. Bueso, X.P. Porter, R. Pospelov, G.E. Pospisil, S. Potekhin, M. Potrap, I.N. Potter, C.J. Potter, C.T. Potter, K.P. Poulard, G. Poveda, J. Prabhu, R. Pralavorio, P. Prasad, S. Pravahan, R. Pribyl, L. Price, D. Price, L.E. Prichard, P.M. Prieur, D. Primavera, M. Prokofiev, K. Prokoshin, F. Protopopescu, S. Proudfoot, J. Prudent, X. Przysiezniak, H. Psoroulas, S. Ptacek, E. Puigdengoles, C. Purdham, J. Purohit, M. Puzo, P. Pylypchenko, Y. Qi, M. Qian, J. Qian, W. Qin, Z. Quadt, A. Quarrie, D.R. Quayle, W.B. Quinonez, F. Raas, M. Radeka, V. Radescu, V. Radics, B. Rador, T. Ragusa, F. Rahal, G. Rahimi, A.M. Rajagopalan, S. Rammensee, M. Rammes, M. Rauscher, F. Rauter, E. Raymond, M. Read, A.L. Rebuzzi, D.M. Redelbach, A. Redlinger, G. Reece, R. Reeves, K. Reinherz-Aronis, E. Reinsch, A. Reisinger, I. Reljic, D. Rembser, C. Ren, Z.L. Renkel, P. Rescia, S. Rescigno, M. Resconi, S. Resende, B. Reznicek, P. Rezvani, R. Richards, A. Richards, R.A. Richter, R. Richter-Was, E. Ridel, M. Rijpstra, M. Rijssenbeek, M. Rimoldi, A. Rinaldi, L. Rios, R.R. Riu, I. Rizatdinova, F. Rizvi, E. Romero, D.A.R. Robertson, S.H. Robichaud-Veronneau, A. Robinson, D. Robinson, J.E.M. Robinson, M. Robson, A. Rocha de Lima, J.G. Roda, C. Roda Dos Santos, D. Rodriguez, D. Garcia, Y.R. Roe, S. Røhne, O. Rojo, V. Rolli, S. Romaniouk, A. Romanov, V.M. Romeo, G. Maltrana, D.R. Roos, L. Ros, E. Rosati, S. Rosenbaum, G.A. Rosselet, L. Rossetti, V. Rossi, L.P. Rotaru, M. Rothberg, J. Rousseau, D. Royon, C.R. Rozanov, A. Rozen, Y. Ruan, X. Ruckert, B. Ruckstuhl, N. Rud, V.I. Rudolph, G. Rühr, F. Ruggieri, F. Ruiz-Martinez, A. Rumyantsev, L. Rurikova, Z. Rusakovich, N.A. Rutherfoord, J.P. Ruwiedel, C. Ruzicka, P. Ryabov, Y.F. Ryan, P. Rybkin, G. Rzaeva, S. Saavedra, A.F. Sadrozinski, H.F.-W. Sadykov, R. Sakamoto, H. Salamanna, G. Salamon, A. Saleem, M.S. Salihagic, D. Salnikov, A. Salt, J. Salvachua Ferrando, B.M. Salvatore, D. Salvatore, F. Salvucci, A. Salzburger, A. Sampsonidis, D. Samset, B.H. Sandaker, H. Sander, H.G. Sanders, M.P. Sandhoff, M. Sandhu, P. Sandstroem, R. Sandvoss, S. Sankey, D.P.C. Sanny, B. Sansoni, A. Rios, C.S. Santoni, C. Santonico, R. Saraiva, J.G. Sarangi, T. Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, E. Sarri, F. Sasaki, O. Sasao, N. Satsounkevitch, I. Sauvage, G. Savard, P. Savine, A.Y. Savinov, V. Sawyer, L. Saxon, D.H. Says, L.P. Sbarra, C. Sbrizzi, A. Scannicchio, D.A. Schaarschmidt, J. Schacht, P. Schäfer, U. Schaetzel, S. Schaffer, A.C. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R.D. Schamov, A.G. Schegelsky, V.A. Scheirich, D. Schernau, M. Scherzer, M.I. Schiavi, C. Schieck, J. Schioppa, M. Schlenker, S. Schmidt, E. Schmieden, K. Schmitt, C. Schmitz, M. Schott, M. Schouten, D. Schovancova, J. Schram, M. Schreiner, A. Schroeder, C. Schroer, N. Schroers, M. Schultes, J. Schultz-Coulon, H.-C. Schumacher, J.W. Schumacher, M. Schumm, B.A. Schune, P. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwemling, P. Schwienhorst, R. Schwierz, R. Schwindling, J. Scott, W.G. Searcy, J. Sedykh, E. Segura, E. Seidel, S.C. Seiden, A. Seifert, F. Seixas, J.M. Sekhniaidze, G. Seliverstov, D.M. Sellden, B. Semprini-Cesari, N. Serfon, C. Serin, L. Seuster, R. Severini, H. Sevior, M.E. Sfyrla, A. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shan, L.Y. Shank, J.T. Shao, Q.T. Shapiro, M. Shatalov, P.B. Shaw, K. Sherman, D. Sherwood, P. Shibata, A. Shimojima, M. Shin, T. Shmeleva, A. Shochet, M.J. Shupe, M.A. Sicho, P. Sidoti, A. Siegert, F. Siegrist, J. Sijacki, D. Silbert, O. Silva, J. Silver, Y. Silverstein, D. Silverstein, S.B. Simak, V. Simic, L. Simion, S. Simmons, B. Simonyan, M. Sinervo, P. Sinev, N.B. Sipica, V. Siragusa, G. Sisakyan, A.N. Sivoklokov, S.Y. Sjoelin, J. Sjursen, T.B. Skovpen, K. Skubic, P. Slater, M. Slavicek, T. Sliwa, K. Sloper, J. Sluka, T. Smakhtin, V. Smirnov, S.Y. Smirnov, Y. Smirnova, L.N. Smirnova, O. Smith, B.C. Smith, D. Smith, K.M. Smizanska, M. Smolek, K. Snesarev, A.A. Snow, S.W. Snow, J. Snuverink, J. Snyder, S. Soares, M. Sobie, R. Sodomka, J. Soffer, A. Solans, C.A. Solar, M. Solc, J. Camillocci, E.S. Solodkov, A.A. Solovyanov, O.V. Soluk, R. Sondericker, J. Sopko, V. Sopko, B. Sosebee, M. Soukharev, A. Spagnolo, S. Spanò, F. Spencer, E. Spighi, R. Spigo, G. Spila, F. Spiwoks, R. Spousta, M. Spreitzer, T. Spurlock, B. Denis, R.D.S. Stahl, T. Stahlman, J. Stamen, R. Stancu, S.N. Stanecka, E. Stanek, R.W. Stanescu, C. Stapnes, S. Starchenko, E.A. Stark, J. Staroba, P. Starovoitov, P. Stastny, J. Stavina, P. Stavropoulos, G. Steele, G. Steinbach, P. Steinberg, P. Stekl, I. Stelzer, B. Stelzer, H.J. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stenzel, H. Stevenson, K. Stewart, G.A. Stockton, M.C. Stoerig, K. Stoicea, G. Stonjek, S. Strachota, P. Stradling, A.R. Straessner, A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strandlie, A. Strauss, M. Strizenec, P. Ströhmer, R. Strom, D.M. Stroynowski, R. Strube, J. Stugu, B. Soh, D.A. Su, D. Sugaya, Y. Sugimoto, T. Suhr, C. Suk, M. Sulin, V.V. Sultansoy, S. Sumida, T. Sun, X.H. Sundermann, J.E. Suruliz, K. Sushkov, S. Susinno, G. Sutton, M.R. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y. Sykora, I. Sykora, T. Szymocha, T. Sánchez, J. Ta, D. Tackmann, K. Taffard, A. Tafirout, R. Taga, A. Takahashi, Y. Takai, H. Takashima, R. Takeda, H. Takeshita, T. Talby, M. Talyshev, A. Tamsett, M.C. Tanaka, J. Tanaka, R. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, S. Tapprogge, S. Tardif, D. Tarem, S. Tarrade, F. Tartarelli, G.F. Tas, P. Tasevsky, M. Tassi, E. Tatarkhanov, M. Taylor, C. Taylor, F.E. Taylor, G.N. Taylor, R.P. Taylor, W. Teixeira-Dias, P. Kate, H.T. Teng, P.K. Tennenbaum-Katan, Y.D. Terada, S. Terashi, K. Terron, J. Terwort, M. Testa, M. Teuscher, R.J. Thioye, M. Thoma, S. Thomas, J.P. Thompson, E.N. Thompson, P.D. Thompson, P.D. Thompson, R.J. Thompson, A.S. Thomson, E. Thun, R.P. Tic, T. Tikhomirov, V.O. Tikhonov, Y.A. Tipton, P. Aires Viegas, F.J.T. Tisserant, S. Toczek, B. Todorov, T. Todorova-Nova, S. Toggerson, B. Tojo, J. Tokár, S. Tokushuku, K. Tollefson, K. Tomasek, L. Tomasek, M. Tomoto, M. Tompkins, L. Toms, K. Tonoyan, A. Topfel, C. Topilin, N.D. Torrence, E. Pastor, E.T. Toth, J. Touchard, F. Tovey, D.R. Trefzger, T. Tremblet, L. Tricoli, A. Trigger, I.M. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Trinh, T.N. Tripiana, M.F. Triplett, N. Trischuk, W. Trivedi, A. Trocmé, B. Troncon, C. Trzupek, A. Tsarouchas, C. Tseng, J.C.-L. Tsiakiris, M. Tsiareshka, P.V. Tsionou, D. Tsipolitis, G. Tsiskaridze, V. Tskhadadze, E.G. Tsukerman, I.I. Tsulaia, V. Tsung, J.-W. Tsuno, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuggle, J.M. Turecek, D. Cakir, I.T. Turlay, E. Tuts, P.M. Twomey, M.S. Tylmad, M. Tyndel, M. Uchida, K. Ueda, I. Ugland, M. Uhlenbrock, M. Uhrmacher, M. Ukegawa, F. Unal, G. Undrus, A. Unel, G. Unno, Y. Urbaniec, D. Urkovsky, E. Urquijo, P. Urrejola, P. Usai, G. Uslenghi, M. Vacavant, L. Vacek, V. Vachon, B. Vahsen, S. Valente, P. Valentinetti, S. Valkar, S. Valladolid Gallego, E. Vallecorsa, S. Ferrer, J.A.V. Van Berg, R. van der Graaf, H. van der Kraaij, E. van der Poel, E. van der Ster, D. van Eldik, N. van Gemmeren, P. van Kesteren, Z. van Vulpen, I. Vandelli, W. Vaniachine, A. Vankov, P. Vannucci, F. Vari, R. Varnes, E.W. Varouchas, D. Vartapetian, A. Varvell, K.E. Vasilyeva, L. Vassilakopoulos, V.I. Vazeille, F. Vellidis, C. Veloso, F. Veneziano, S. Ventura, A. Ventura, D. Venturi, M. Venturi, N. Vercesi, V. Verducci, M. Verkerke, W. Vermeulen, J.C. Vetterli, M.C. Vichou, I. Vickey, T. Viehhauser, G.H.A. Villa, M. Villani, E.G. Perez, M.V. Vilucchi, E. Vincter, M.G. Vinek, E. Vinogradov, V.B. Viret, S. Virzi, J. Vitale, A. Vitells, O. Vivarelli, I. Vaque, F.V. Vlachos, S. Vlasak, M. Vlasov, N. Vogel, A. Vokac, P. Volpi, M. von der Schmitt, H. von Loeben, J. von Radziewski, H. von Toerne, E. Vorobel, V. Vorwerk, V. Vos, M. Voss, R. Voss, T.T. Vossebeld, J.H. Vranjes, N. Milosavljevic, M.V. Vrba, V. Vreeswijk, M. Anh, T.V. Vudragovic, D. Vuillermet, R. Vukotic, I. Wagner, P. Walbersloh, J. Walder, J. Walker, R. Walkowiak, W. Wall, R. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, S.M. Warburton, A. Ward, C.P. Warsinsky, M. Wastie, R. Watkins, P.M. Watson, A.T. Watson, M.F. Watts, G. Watts, S. Waugh, A.T. Waugh, B.M. Weber, M.D. Weber, M. Weber, M.S. Weber, P. Weidberg, A.R. Weingarten, J. Weiser, C. Wellenstein, H. Wells, P.S. Wen, M. Wenaus, T. Wendler, S. Wengler, T. Wenig, S. Wermes, N. Werner, M. Werner, P. Werth, M. Werthenbach, U. Wessels, M. Whalen, K. White, A. White, M.J. White, S. Whitehead, S.R. Whiteson, D. Whittington, D. Wicek, F. Wicke, D. Wickens, F.J. Wiedenmann, W. Wielers, M. Wienemann, P. Wiglesworth, C. Wiik, L.A.M. Wildauer, A. Wildt, M.A. Wilkens, H.G. Williams, E. Williams, H.H. Willocq, S. Wilson, J.A. Wilson, M.G. Wilson, A. Wingerter-Seez, I. Winklmeier, F. Wittgen, M. Wolter, M.W. Wolters, H. Wosiek, B.K. Wotschack, J. Woudstra, M.J. Wraight, K. Wright, C. Wright, D. Wrona, B. Wu, S.L. Wu, X. Wulf, E. Wynne, B.M. Xaplanteris, L. Xella, S. Xie, S. Xu, D. Xu, N. Yamada, M. Yamamoto, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, S. Yamamura, T. Yamaoka, J. Yamazaki, T. Yamazaki, Y. Yan, Z. Yang, H. Yang, U.K. Yang, Z. Yao, W.-M. Yao, Y. Yasu, Y. Ye, J. Ye, S. Yilmaz, M. Yoosoofmiya, R. Yorita, K. Yoshida, R. Young, C. Youssef, S.P. Yu, D. Yu, J. Yuan, L. Yurkewicz, A. Zaidan, R. Zaitsev, A.M. Zajacova, Z. Zambrano, V. Zanello, L. Zaytsev, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zeller, M. Zemla, A. Zendler, C. Zenin, O. Zenis, T. Zenonos, Z. Zenz, S. Zerwas, D. della Porta, G.Z. Zhan, Z. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, Q. Zhang, X. Zhao, L. Zhao, T. Zhao, Z. Zhemchugov, A. Zhong, J. Zhou, B. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhu, C.G. Zhu, H. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, X. Zhuravlov, V. Zimmermann, R. Zimmermann, S. Zimmermann, S. Ziolkowski, M. Živković, L. Zobernig, G. Zoccoli, A. zur Nedden, M. Zutshi, V.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle collisions, through packages simulating the response of the various detectors and triggers. All of these components come together under the ATLAS simulation infrastructure. In this paper, that infrastructure is discussed, including that supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors. Also described are the tools allowing the software validation, performance testing, and the validation of the simulated output against known physics processes. © 2010 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.

Published
2010

46. Correlation analysis of complex kinetic systems: A new scheme for utilizing sensitivity coefficients

Author

Jan P. Hessler and Paul J. Ogren

Subjects
Chemical kinetics, Reaction rate constant, Chemistry, Scheme (mathematics), Correlation analysis, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Experimental data, Observable, Sensitivity (control systems), Statistical physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Kinetic energy
Abstract

A procedure for designing and evaluating kinetic experiments on complex chemical systems is presented. This procedure uses the temporal integral of products of sensitivity coefficients (which may be calculated by standard methods) (1) to calculate the relative importance of reactions affecting the kinetic behavior of a specific observable and (2) to evaluate the correlation between any of the above reactions. The advantages of this procedure are that it is directly related to the analysis of experimental data, conceptually simple, easy to implement, and it provides a quantitative means for assessing the relative accuracy of different experiments. In addition, it provides a new, efficient, and systematic method for calculating the correlation between reactions and determines how the uncertainties in the rate coefficients of these reactions propagate in an analysis of experimental errors. We illustrate the essential features of the approach by analyzing recent measurements of the rate coefficients for H2+M↔2H+M and H+O2↔OH+O [J. Chem. Phys. 96, 1077 (1992)].

Published
1992

47. The limit of detection in generalized least-squares calibrations: an example using alprazolam liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry data

Author

Wayne C. Duer, Alison Meetze, and Paul J. Ogren

Subjects
Detection limit, Analyte, Chemical Health and Safety, Models, Statistical, Alprazolam, Chemistry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Monte Carlo method, Analytical chemistry, Sigma, Generalized least squares, Toxicology, Standard deviation, Analytical Chemistry, Normal distribution, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Calibration, Environmental Chemistry, Applied mathematics, Least-Squares Analysis, Monte Carlo Method, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Abstract

Limit of detection (LOD) values provide useful indicators for the suitability of an analytical method for samples with low analyte levels. An LOD value can also be used to estimate the false positive probability (p(x >or= LOD)) of a result for a sample with no analyte present, as well as the false negative probability (p(x

Published
2009

48. Comparison of ordinary, weighted, and generalized least-squares straight-line calibrations for LC-MS-MS, GC-MS, HPLC, GC, and enzymatic assay

Author

Ryan Von Lindern, Chester J. Kitchen, Christopher Boden, Wayne C. Duer, Dustin C. Yaworsky, Paul J. Ogren, Alison Meetze, and Jeffery A. Gayer

Subjects
Chromatography, Gas, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Analytical chemistry, Generalized least squares, Toxicology, Mass spectrometry, High-performance liquid chromatography, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Calibration, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, Least-Squares Analysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chemical Health and Safety, Chemistry, Replicate, Dilution, Enzymes, Linear Models, Biological Assay, Gas chromatography, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Biological system
Abstract

The impact of experimental errors in one or both variables on the use of linear least-squares was investigated for method calibrations (response = intercept plus slope times concentration, or equivalently, Y = a(1) + a(2)X ) frequently used in analytical toxicology. In principle, the most reliable calibrations should consider errors from all sources, but consideration of concentration (X) uncertainties has not been common due to complex fitting algorithm requirements. Data were obtained for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and enzymatic assay. The required experimental uncertainties in response were obtained from replicate measurements. The required experimental uncertainties in concentration were determined from manufacturers' furnished uncertainties in stock solutions coupled with uncertainties imparted by dilution techniques. The mathematical fitting techniques used in the investigation were ordinary least-squares, weighted least-squares (WOLS), and generalized least-squares (GLS). GLS best-fit results, obtained with an efficient iteration algorithm implemented in a spreadsheet format, are used with a modified WOLS-based formula to derive reliable uncertainties in calculated concentrations. It was found that while the values of the intercepts and slopes were not markedly different for the different techniques, the derived uncertainties in parameters were different. Such differences can significantly affect the predicted uncertainties in concentrations derived from the use of the different linear least-squares equations.

Published
2008

50. An X-ray scanner for wire chambers

Author

Akesson, T. Arik, E. Assamagan, K. Baker, K. Benjamin, D. Bertelsen, H. Bytchkov, V. Callahan, J. Capeans-Garrido, M. Catinaccio, A. Cetin, A. Cwetanski, P. Danielsson, H. Dittus, F. Dolgoshein, B. Dressnandt, N. Ebenstein, W.L. Eerola, P. Farthouat, P. Froidevaux, D. Grichkevitch, Y. Hajduk, Z. Hansen, J.R. Keener, P.K. Kekelidze, G. Konovalov, S. Kowalski, T. Kramarenko, V.A. Kruger, K. Lundberg, B. Luehring, F. Manara, A. McFarlane, K. Mitsou, V.A. Morozov, S. Muraviev, S. Nadtochy, A. Newcomer, F.M. Olszowska, J. Ogren, H. Oh, S.H. Peshekhonov, V. Price, M. Rembser, C. Romaniouk, A. Rust, D.R. Schegelsky, V. Sapinski, M. Shmeleva, A. Smirnov, S. Smirnova, L.N. Sosnovtsev, V. Soutchkov, S. Spiridenkov, E. Tikhomirov, V. VanBerg, R. Vassilakopoulos, V. Wang, C. Williams, H.H.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect
Abstract

A study was performed on an x-ray scanner for wire chambers. The techniques to measure the position of sense wires and field wires, the gas gain and the gas flow rate inside the wire chambers using a collimated and filtered x-ray beam were also reported. The gain measurement provided important information on the uniformity of the electric field configuration.

Published
2003

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