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59 results on '"J. M. Bogaard"'

1. Effects of fluticasone propionate on arachidonic acid metabolites in BAL-fluid and methacholine dose-response curves in non-smoking atopic asthmatics

Author

S. E. Overbeek, J. M. Bogaard, I. M. Garrelds, F. J. Zijlstra, P. G. H. Mulder, and H. C. Hoogsteden

Subjects
Pathology, RB1-214
Abstract

Hyperresponsiveness of the airways to nonspecific stimuli is a characteristic feature of asthma. Airway responsiveness is usually characterized in terms of the position and shape of the dose–response curve to methacholine (MDR). In the study we have investigated the influence of fluticasone propionate (FP), a topically active glucocorticoid, on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (i.e. TxB2, PGE2, PGD2, 6kPGF1α and LTC4) on the one hand and MDR curves on the other hand. The effect of FP was studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design in 33 stable nonsmoking asthmatics; 16 patients received FP (500 μg b.i.d.) whereas 17 patients were treated with placebo. We found that the forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1 % predicted) increased, the log2PC20 methacholine increased and the plateau value (% fall in FEV1) decreased after a 12 week treatment period. No changes in AA-metabolites could be determined after treatment except for PGD2 which decreased nearly significantly (p = 0.058) within the FP treated group, whereas the change of PGD2 differed significantly (p = 0.05) in the FP treated group from placebo. The levels of the other AA metabolites (i.e. TxB2, PGE2, 6kPGF1α and LTC4) remained unchanged after treatment and were not significantly different from the placebo group. Our results support the hypothesis that although FP strongly influences the position, the shape and also the maximum response plateau of the MDR curve, this effect is not mainly achieved by influence on the level of AA metabolites. Other pro-inflammatory factors may be of more importance for the shape of the MDR curve. It is suggested that these pro-inflammatory factors are downregulated by FP.

Published
1996
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2. Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Pertussis in Adults After a First Acellular Booster Vaccination

Author

Saskia van der Lee, Debbie M. van Rooijen, Mary-Lène de Zeeuw-Brouwer, Marjan J. M. Bogaard, Pieter G. M. van Gageldonk, Axel Bonacic Marinovic, Elisabeth A. M. Sanders, Guy A. M. Berbers, and Anne-Marie Buisman

Subjects
pertussis, adult immunization, antibody decay, memory B-cells, memory T-cells, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

IntroductionTo reduce the pertussis disease burden, nowadays several countries recommend acellular pertussis (aP) booster vaccinations for adults. We aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of a first adult aP booster vaccination at childbearing age.MethodsIn 2014, healthy adults aged 25–29 years (n = 105), vaccinated during infancy with four doses of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine, received a Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and aP) booster vaccination. Blood samples were collected longitudinally pre-booster, 2 and 4 weeks, and 1 year and 2 years post-booster. Tdap vaccine antigen-specific antibody levels and memory B- and T-cell responses were determined at all time points. Antibody persistence was calculated using a bi-exponential decay model.ResultsUpon booster vaccination, the IgG levels specific to all Tdap vaccine antigens were significantly increased. After an initial rapid decline in the first year, PT-IgG antibody decay was limited (15%) in the second year post-booster. The duration of a median level of PT-IgG ≥20 IU/mL was estimated to be approximately 9 years. Vaccine antigen-specific memory B- and T-cell numbers increased and remained at high levels although a significant decline was observed after 4 weeks post-booster. However, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine production remained above pre-booster levels for 2 years.ConclusionThe Tdap booster vaccination in wP-primed Dutch adults induced robust long-term humoral and cellular immune responses to pertussis antigens. Furthermore, PT-IgG levels are predicted to remain above the presumed protective cut-off for at least 9 years which might deserves further attention in evaluating the current recommendation to revaccinate women during every new pregnancy.

Published
2018
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3. Anaerobic Threshold as Detected from Ventilatory and Metabolic Exercise Responses in Patients with Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Defect

Author

J. M. Bogaard, H. Stam, H. R. Scholte, H. F. M. Busch, and A. Versprille

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Mitochondrial respiratory chain, business.industry, Internal medicine, Respiration, Cardiology, Medicine, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, In patient, Mitochondrion, business, Anaerobic exercise, Muscle physiology
Published
2015
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5. Wave-speed-determined flow limitation at peak flow in normal and asthmatic subjects

Author

Ole F. Pedersen, J. M. Bogaard, K. F. Kerrebijn, and H. J. L. Brackel

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Flow limitation, Vital Capacity, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Respiratory system, Lung Compliance, Asthma, business.industry, Wave velocity, Respiratory disease, Wave speed, medicine.disease, Respiratory Function Tests, Surgery, Pulmonary Alveoli, medicine.anatomical_structure, Flow (mathematics), Spirometry, Cardiology, Regression Analysis, Female, Bronchial Hyperreactivity, business, Respiratory tract
Abstract

Pedersen, O. F., H. J. L. Brackel, J. M. Bogaard, and K. F. Kerrebijn. Wave-speed-determined flow limitation at peak flow in normal and asthmatic subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1721–1732, 1997.—The purpose of this study was to examine whether peak expiratory flow is determined by the wave-speed flow-limiting mechanism. We examined 17 healthy subjects and 11 subjects with stable asthma, the latter treated with inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids. We used an esophageal balloon and a Pitot-static probe positioned at five locations between the right lower lobe and midtrachea to obtain dynamic area-transmural pressure ( A-Ptm) curves as described (O. F. Pedersen, B. Thiessen, and S. Lyager. J. Appl. Physiol. 52: 357–369, 1982). From these curves we obtained cross-sectional area ( A) and airway compliance (Caw = d A/dPtm) at PEF, calculated flow at wave speed {V˙ws = A[ A/(Caw∗ρ)0.5], where ρ is density} and speed index is (SI =V˙/V˙ws). In 13 of 15 healthy and in 4 of 10 asthmatic subjects, who could produce satisfactory curves, SI at PEF was >0.9 at one or more measured positions. Alveolar pressure continued to increase after PEF was achieved, suggesting flow limitation somewhere in the airway in all of these subjects. We conclude that wave speed is reached in central airways at PEF in most subjects, but it cannot be excluded that wave speed is also reached in more peripheral airways.

Published
1997
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6. Controlled expiration in mechanically-ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Author

J G, Aerts, B, van den Berg, and J M, Bogaard

Subjects
Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Ventilators, Mechanical, Airway Resistance, Respiratory Mechanics, Humans, Female, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Positive-Pressure Respiration, Intrinsic, Pulmonary Ventilation, Respiration, Artificial, Aged
Abstract

In patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung emptying may be affected by flow limitation. We tested the hypothesis that the airway compression leading to flow limitation can be counteracted by controlling the expiratory flow. The effects of an external resistor on lung emptying were studied in six patients with COPD, who were mechanically ventilated whilst sedated and paralysed. Respiratory mechanics were obtained during ventilatory support with and without the resistor. Airway compression was assessed using the interruptor method. For the study, a turbulent resistor was applied with the highest resistance level that did not increase the end-expiratory lung volume. At this resistance level, external positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was generated in all patients. As total PEEP levels remained unchanged at both settings during the controlled expiration, the levels of intrinsic PEEP were significantly decreased from 0.96+/-0.30 to 0.53+/-0.19 kPa (mean+/-SD). Comparison of the expiratory flow-volume curves at both settings revealed that, during the controlled expiration, the flows were significantly decreased during the first 40% of the expired volume and significantly increased during the last 60%. As the end-expiratory lung volumes remained unchanged during both settings, these increments in flow indicated a decrease in effective resistance. Airway compression was observed during unimpeded expirations in all patients using the interruptor method. During the application of the resistor, airway compression was no longer detectable. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving ventilatory support, the application of an external resistor could decrease effective expiratory resistance by counteracting airway compression, without increments in end-expiratory lung volume.

Published
1997
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7. Early and late allergic reaction in the nose assessed by whole body plethysmography

Author

S. Van Der Baan, M S de Bruin-Weller, J. M. Bogaard, A. Scholte, L. H. M. Rijssenbeek, F. R. Weller, J. G. R. De Monchy, and Other departments

Subjects
Adult, Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, Mucous membrane of nose, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Allergen, Airway resistance, Respiratory Hypersensitivity, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, Plethysmograph, Hypersensitivity, Delayed, Nose, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Airway Resistance, Allergens, Middle Aged, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Plethysmography, Nasal Mucosa, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Immunology, Hay fever, Female, Rhinomanometry, business
Abstract

Physiological changes during late phase nasal responses after allergen challenge are difficult to establish and different criteria are used for the definition of a positive late phase nasal reaction. The objective of this study was to assess the value of whole body plethysmography in detecting changes in nasal airway resistance after allergen challenge and to suggest criteria for the definition of early and late phase nasal reactions. Nasal challenge with allergen was performed in 15 allergic patients. Nasal resistance was followed until 10 h after allergen challenge and on a control day using whole body plethysmography. The mean percentage changes in the inspiratory nasal resistance during the early phase period (0.25-2 h) and the late phase period (4-10 h) were significantly higher on the allergen challenge day than on the control day (p=0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). The mean percentage change in the inspiratory nasal resistance during the early and late phase period on the control day plus 2 times the standard deviation served as cut-off point for a positive reaction. Using this definition, all patients had early reactions and 7 of the 15 patients (47%) also had late reactions. We conclude that whole body plethysmography is a useful, noninvasive method for the measurement of the physiological changes in the nose following allergen challenge.

Published
1996
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8. Indices from flow-volume curves in relation to cephalometric, ENT- and sleep-O2 saturation variables in snorers with and without obstructive sleep-apnoea

Author

J M, Bogaard, F G, van der Meché, R M, Poublon, A Z, Ginai, P I, Schmitz, A, Bubberman, A M, Slappendel, and H, Boot

Subjects
Male, Oxygen, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Cephalometry, Airway Resistance, Case-Control Studies, Polysomnography, Snoring, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Ventilation
Abstract

In a group of 37 heavy snorers with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA, Group 1) and a group of 23 heavy snorers without OSA (Group 2) cephalometric indices, ENT indices related to upper airway collapsibility, and nocturnal O2 desaturation indices were related to variables from maximal expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume (MEFV and MIFV) curves. The cephalometric indices used were the length and diameter of the soft palate (spl and spd), the shortest distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone (mph) and the posterior airway space (pas). Collapsibility of the upper airways was observed at the level of the tongue base and soft palate by fibroscopy during a Muller manoeuvre (mtb and msp) and ranked on a five point scale. Sleep indices measured were the mean number of oxygen desaturations of more than 3% per hour preceded by an apnoea or hypopnoea of more than 10 s (desaturation index), maximal sleep oxygen desaturation, baseline arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) and, in the OSA group, percentage of sleep time with Sa,O2 < 90%. The variables obtained from the flow-volume curves were the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory and inspiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 and FIV1), peak expiratory and peak inspiratory flows (PEF and PIF), and maximal flow after expiring 50% of the FVC (MEF50). The mean of the flow-volume variables, influenced by upper airway aperture (PEF, FIV1) was significantly greater than predicted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1995
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9. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. 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Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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10. Extrapolation of methacholine log-dose response curves with a Cumulative Gaussian Distribution function

Author

J G, Aerts, J M, Bogaard, S E, Overbeek, A F, Verbraak, and P, Thio

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Linear Models, Normal Distribution, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Asthma, Bronchial Provocation Tests, Methacholine Chloride
Abstract

Methacholine provocation tests are aimed at determining bronchial responsiveness. Recent investigations stress the importance of considering the entire log-dose response curve, yielding not only the provocative dose producing a 20% change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (PC20), but also the plateau value and the steepest slope of the curve (reactivity). In three control subjects and seven patients with mild to moderate asthma, we have obtained methacholine log-dose response curves in which a plateau was reached. A new model, the Cumulative Gaussian Distribution (CGD) function was fitted to the whole curve. The upper part of the curve was also analysed with the Hofstee equation, which has been used in a number of other investigations and aimed at plateau estimation. The plateau values obtained by the fits were compared with the values actually measured (average response of last 3 points with a variation coefficient < 5% of the mean value) by using the coefficient of determination (R2) (Applied Statistics. Sachs). If all data points were considered, both fits yielded a plateau which slightly overestimated the measured plateau values. R2 for the CGD fit ranged from 0.93-0.99, indicating a highly significant correlation between actual and fitted data points. If the curves were truncated, such that the last four provocative doses were omitted from the analysis, the CGD fit still yielded plateau values; the mean difference from the measured plateaux, in % of the measured plateau values, was -2.6% (SD 18.2). In only three out of the 10 cases did the Hofstee equation yield plateau values with a deviation from 'measured' < 47% of the measured value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1994
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11. The Bronchoconstrictor Effect of Strenuous Exercise at Low Temperatures in Normal Athletes

Author

J. M. Bogaard, D. W. Paul, and W. C. Hop

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Bronchoconstriction, Strenuous exercise, Vagal nerve, Physical Exertion, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Speed skating, Child, Exercise, business.industry, Mucus production, Bronchoconstrictor Effect, Cold Temperature, Skating, Anesthesia, Female, Chest tightness, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

In competitive speed skating healthy athletes complain of subjective variants of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction such as coughing, chest tightness and excessive mucus production. This is especially so after a 1500 m race which can be considered as extremely strenuous. We compared peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements 3, 10, 20, 60, 90 and 120 min after such a race with baseline, just before the race, in 10 adults in a competitive situation in Calgary (Canada) and The Hague (NL) and in 8 children in Utrecht (NL). A gradual decline in PEF was found, the mean decrease reaching significance (p < 0.05) at 10, 90 and 120 min in Calgary, at 90 and 120 min in The Hague and at 90 min in Utrecht for the children. The mean decrease over the whole period was significantly greater (3.6%, SEM 0.6%) in Calgary when compared with The Hague. The decrease could not be explained by the daily PEF variation that we measured in both groups. We conclude that there is a slight bronchoconstrictory effect, even in healthy athletes, when partaking in this strenuous type of exercise at low temperatures. An explanation may be the strong drying and temperature stimulus to the airways, stimulating vagal nerve activity, causing not only the cough and mucus production but also a gradually increasing minor bronchoconstriction.

Published
1993
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12. Pulmonary function and resting breathing pattern in myotonic dystrophy

Author

F. G. A. Van Der Meche, I. Hendriks, C. C. M. Ververs, and J. M. Bogaard

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, Dead space, Myotonic dystrophy, Pulmonary function testing, Occlusion, medicine, Humans, Myotonic Dystrophy, Lung volumes, Tidal volume, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Carbon Dioxide, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Chemoreceptor Cells, Respiratory Muscles, Oxygen, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Female, Lung Volume Measurements, Respiratory Insufficiency, business, Intercostal muscle
Abstract

In 17 patients with myotonic dystrophy, spirometric, flow-volume, and maximal mouth occlusion variables were obtained and compared with 8 normal subjects. Ventilatory CO2 response was measured by the estimation of the steady-state effect of a sufficiently large serial dead space. Variability of resting breathing pattern was expressed by the variation coefficients of respiratory cycle time and tidal volume. The group means of the total lung capacity (TLC), vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV)1 and forced inspiratory volume in 1 sec (FIV)1 showed a restrictive pattern. Only maximal static mouth pressure (Pi,max), measured at residual volume (RV) level, showed a significant positive correlation with both VC (p = 0.03) and FIV1 (p = 0.02), suggesting inspiratory muscle weakness as a determinant of the restriction. Although the differences were just not significant, both variation coefficients of the respiratory cycle time and tidal volume were larger in the group with a CO2 sensitivity below the lower limit of normal compared to those with a normal ventilatory response to CO2. In 3 patients, fluctuations in FRC were also present. We hypothesize that, in addition to the already documented FRC fluctuations by uncoordinated spontaneous intercostal muscle action, a defect of integration of afferent neural input and chemical drive in the medullary region may also be present in these patients.

Published
1992
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14. A Comparison of Fluticasone Propionate, 1-mg Daily, With Beclomethasone Dipropionate, 2-mg Daily, In the Treatment of Severe Asthma

Author

N. C. BARNES, G. U. DIMARIA, S. VISSER, I. UTAMA, S. L. PAYNE, B. A. H., K. F. KERREBIJN, H. J. SLUITER, E. M. POUW, C. M. ROOS, H. M. JANSEN, P. L. P., A. DEGOOYER, H. A. M., D. S. POSTMA, T. W. VANDERMARK, G. H. KOETER, P. M. DEJONG, P. J. STERK, A. M. J., J. H. DIJKMAN, P. N. R. , H. T. M., C. L. A., S. E. OVERBEEK, J. M. BOGAARD, C. HILVERING, S. J. GANS, H. J. J., J. KREUKNIET, E. E. M., E. J. DUIVERMAN, J. M. KOUWENBERG, J. E. PRINSEN, H. J. WAALKENS, J. GERRITSEN, K. KNOL, J. G. R., F. W. DEKKER, A. A. KAPTEIN, P. J. F., S. J. POCOCK, M. D. HUGHES, N. J. ROBINSON, E. R. BLEECKER, D. A. MEYERS, MARONE, GIANNI, N. C., Barne, Marone, Gianni, G. U., Dimaria, S., Visser, I., Utama, S. L., Payne, B. A., H., K. F., Kerrebijn, H. J., Sluiter, E. M., Pouw, C. M., Roo, H. M., Jansen, P. L., P., A., Degooyer, H. A., M., D. S., Postma, T. W., Vandermark, G. H., Koeter, P. M., Dejong, P. J., Sterk, A. M., J., J. H., Dijkman, P. N. R., H. T. M., C. L., A., S. E., Overbeek, J. M., Bogaard, C., Hilvering, S. J., Gan, H. J., J., J., Kreukniet, E. E., M., E. J., Duiverman, J. M., Kouwenberg, J. E., Prinsen, H. J., Waalken, J., Gerritsen, K., Knol, J. G., R., F. W., Dekker, A. A., Kaptein, P. J., F., S. J., Pocock, M. D., Hughe, N. J., Robinson, E. R., Bleecker, and D. A., Meyers

Published
1993

15. Drug-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis

Author

J. M. Bogaard, R. Gerth van Wijk, and Hans de Groot

Subjects
Drug, Allergy, Adolescent, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Immunology, Drug allergy, Physical exercise, medicine.disease, Naproxen, Immunopathology, Toxicity, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Female, Bronchoconstriction, medicine.symptom, business, Anaphylaxis, Exercise, media_common
Abstract

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is well known and may be food-dependent. We describe a patient with a history of anaphylaxis during exercise after taking nafylpropion acid (Naprosyne®), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. An exercise-challenge test after Naprosyne intake induced bronchoconstriction. The combination of history and challenge tests suggests that intolerance or allergy to drugs may present as EIA.

Published
1995
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16. Effect of expiratory resistance on gas-exchange and breathing pattern in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients being weaned from the ventilator

Author

M S, Lourens, B, van den Berg, H C, Hoogsteden, and J M, Bogaard

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Airway Resistance, Respiratory Mechanics, Humans, Female, Blood Gas Analysis, Middle Aged, Ventilator Weaning, Aged, Respiratory Function Tests
Abstract

The majority of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have flow limitation, which has deleterious side effects. If these patients are mechanically ventilated, this often results in difficult weaning. Spontaneously breathing COPD patients experience a beneficial effect of pursed lip breathing. We investigated whether in intubated COPD patients application of an external resistance could produce the same beneficial effects on breathing pattern and gas-exchange as pursed lip breathing.Ten COPD patients with flow limitation were studied during pressure support mechanical ventilation. Two types of expiratory resistances were applied: one fixed level of resistance and one with a resistive pressure decay. Each resistance was applied in 5 patients and the highest level was chosen that did not cause hyperinflation. Blood gas values and breathing pattern with and without resistance were compared.With resistance 1, gas-exchange and breathing pattern did not change significantly; average PCO2 changed from 8.0 to 8.1 kPa, PO2 from 10.2 to 10.3 kPa, tidal volume from 0.380 to 0.420 l, respiratory rate from 25 to 23 bpm and inspiratory:expiratory ratio from 1:1.9 to 1:2.0. With resistance 2, gas-exchange and breathing pattern did not change significantly; average PCO2 changed from 5.8 to 6.0 kPa, PO2 from 11.1 to 12.1 kPa, tidal volume from 0.733 to 0.695 l, respiratory rate from 16 to 18 bpm and inspiratory:expiratory ratio from 1:2.3 to 1:2.9.In intubated COPD patients being weaned from the ventilator, application of an external resistance did not have the same beneficial effects as pursed lip breathing.

Published
2001

17. Children with asthma and physical exercise: effects of an exercise programme

Author

M Gp Hessels, V T Colland, N Hmj van Veldhoven, Adri Vermeer, J M Bogaard, Lex Wijnroks, and E Em van Essen-Zandvliet

Subjects
Male, 030506 rehabilitation, Coping (psychology), medicine.medical_specialty, Activities of daily living, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Bronchoconstriction, Physical fitness, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Physical exercise, Severity of Illness Index, Incremental exercise, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Medicine, Humans, Child, Exercise, Asthma, Rehabilitation, business.industry, medicine.disease, Self Concept, Respiratory Function Tests, Treatment Outcome, Physical Fitness, Multivariate Analysis, Physical therapy, Physical Endurance, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a physical exercise programme for children with asthma on an outpatient basis. Design: Intervention study: a randomized pretest–post-test control group design. Setting and subjects: Forty-seven children with clinically diagnosed asthma participated in the intervention study, including 34 boys and 13 girls, from 8 to 13 years of age (mean age 10.6). Interventions: The physical exercise programme consisted of regular group exercises and home exercises for a period of three months. It was based on a theoretical model describing the relationships between physical competence (condition), perceived physical competence, self-esteem and coping behaviour. Main outcome measures: Maximum incremental exercise test, endurance test, the Self-Perception Profile for Children (CBSK), the Asthma Coping Test (ACBT), lung function and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Results: The results showed significant effects of the intervention programme on physical condition. There was a significant improvement of 15 W on the maximal workload (Wmax) (p < 0.001), of 7% on VO2max (oxygen uptake) (p = 0.002) and a significant decrease on heart rate submaximal of 6% (p = 0.001). There was also a significant improvement of 50% in running time measured with the endurance test (p = 0.021). Furthermore, a significant effect of the intervention was seen on coping with asthma (p = 0.003). Conclusion: It was concluded that participation in the physical exercise programme not only enhanced physical fitness, but also improved coping behaviour with asthma.

Published
2001

18. Expiratory flow-volume curves in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author

J G, Aerts, B, van den Berg, M S, Lourens, and J M, Bogaard

Subjects
Male, Spirometry, Forced Expiratory Volume, Humans, Female, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Middle Aged, Lung Volume Measurements, Pulmonary Ventilation, Respiration, Artificial
Abstract

Forced expiratory flow-volume curves are commonly used to assess the degree of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In mechanically ventilated subjects, expiratory airways obstruction can only be estimated from relaxed expirations. The aim of this study was to quantify the degree of airways obstruction from relaxed expiratory flow-volume curves in mechanically ventilated patients with COPD.As measure of airflow obstruction, the effective time constant during the last 50% of expired volume (tau) was calculated. For bedside monitoring, tau was recalculated as the slope of the flow during the last 50% of expired volume (SF50). In order to study reproducibility, the variables were calculated from consecutive breaths and at different levels of end-expiratory lung volume (EEV). The SF50 and the tau-were correlated with the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) measured prior to the start of ventilatory support.Twenty-seven patients were studied with a FEV1 expressed as percentage predicted of 31 +/- 12% (mean +/- SD). The SF50 amounted to 19 +/- 10 degrees. A positive linear correlation was established between SF50 and the FEV1, (%pred), (r = 0.90, P0.0001). The tau showed an exponential relationship with FEV1 (%pred), (r2 = 0.78). From 5 consecutive breaths the mean variation coefficient of SF50 was 5 +/- 2%. Changes of delta EEV from 0.05 to 1.00 L did not affect the SF50-values. In 12 patients, mechanically ventilated for respiratory diseases other than COPD, mean tau and SF50 were significantly different from the COPD-patients (P0.0001).This study indicates that relaxed expiratory flow-volume curves can be used to assess airflow obstruction in mechanically ventilated patients with COPD. This information can be used to adapt ventilatory settings.

Published
1999

20. Effect of a nasal dilatator on nasal patency during normal and forced nasal breathing

Author

J. M. Bogaard, A. F. M. Verbraak, C. J. Vermoen, and Pulmonary Medicine

Subjects
Adult, Male, Physical Exertion, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Nose, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Plethysmograph, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Peak flow meter, measurement_unit, Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves, Plethysmography, Whole Body, Nasal resistance, Mouth, business.industry, Airway Resistance, Respiration, Significant difference, Whole-body plethysmograph, Forced Expiratory Flow Rates, respiratory system, Middle Aged, Dilatation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Inhalation, Anesthesia, measurement_unit.measuring_instrument, Breathing, Female, business, Pulmonary Ventilation, Inspiratory Capacity, Sports
Abstract

A nasal dilatator contains two elastic strips, which provide the dilatator with a spring action. The aimed function of the nasal dilatator is to slightly open the nares and hereby facilitate nasal breathing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a nasal dilatator by measuring nasal airway resistance during normal breathing and nasal forced expiratory and inspiratory flows and volumes with and without use of the nasal dilatator. Nasal resistance was measured with a whole body plethysmograph; maximal expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume curves were obtained with a pneumotachometer. These measurements were performed in ten healthy volunteers. No significant difference was found between nasal resistance with and without the nasal dilatator. However, values for forced inspiratory volume in 1 s (FIV 1) with the nasal dilatator, proved to be significantly higher (p = 0.045, paired t-test) than values obtained without the nasal dilatator; mean improvement was 0.26 L (sd = 0.36). No significant improvement in peak inspiratory flow (PIF) was found, as was the case for the other flows and volumes. It is concluded that the nasal dilatator causes no appreciable improvement of nasal patency during normal breathing. In view of the fact that FIV 1 values increased significantly, we believe that the nasal dilatator prevents collapse of the external nares during forced inspiration. A beneficial effect during exercise when ventilation is increased is however doubtful because in that situation most volunteers switch to oronasal breathing already at submaximal exercise.

Published
1998

21. The Read method to assess ventilatory regulation

Author

J. M. Bogaard

Subjects
Central chemoreceptors, chemistry, law, business.industry, Anesthesia, Ventilation (architecture), Medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, business, Co2 sensitivity, Oxygen, pCO2, law.invention
Abstract

Since 1967 the Read method became a popular approach for the estimation of ventilatory CO2 sensitivity.1,2 The method is quick and easy. A 4 to 6 liter rebreathing bag is filled with 7% CO2 in oxygen. If the patient rebreathes for about 4 minutes a marked increase in ventilation occurs which, together with the linear rise in end-tidal PCO2 (PetCO2), gives the CO2 sensitivity.

Published
1998
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22. The Expiratory Flow Pattern and the Neuromuscular Control of Breathing in Cats

Author

S. C. M. Luijendijk, N. E. L. Meessen, C. K. van der Ent, C.P.M. van der Grinten, and J. M. Bogaard

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, CATS, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Time constant, food and beverages, Flow pattern, Internal medicine, Occlusion, Cardiology, medicine, Breathing, Expiration, Continuous positive airway pressure, Respiratory system, business
Abstract

During spontaneous breathing inspiratory muscle activity does not stop immediately at the start of expiration, but decays at a rate which can be influenced importantly by pulmonary receptors. 1 When the contribution of this decaying activity to the expiratory flow pattern is suppressed by a short end-inspiratory occlusion, the time constant of the respiratory system (τRS = RRS/ERS) can be estimated from the expiratory flow pattern using equation 1 and P(t) = 0.4

Published
1998
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23. Is delayed introduction of inhaled corticosteroids harmful in patients with obstructive airways disease (asthma and COPD)? The Dutch CNSLD Study Group. The Dutch Chronic Nonspecific Lung Disease Study Groups

Author

S E, Overbeek, H A, Kerstjens, J M, Bogaard, P G, Mulder, and D S, Postma

Subjects
Adult, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, Total Lung Capacity, Beclomethasone, Adrenergic beta-Agonists, Middle Aged, Asthma, Bronchial Provocation Tests, Residual Volume, Double-Blind Method, Forced Expiratory Volume, Administration, Inhalation, Terbutaline, Humans, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Glucocorticoids
Abstract

The institution of inhaled corticosteroids is generally advocated for effective treatment of patients with asthma. It is yet unknown what is the best time to start inhaled corticosteroid therapy and especially whether delayed introduction is harmful. PHASE 1: In a previous study in patients with asthma and COPD, we found that 2.5 years of treatment with a beta 2-agonist plus inhaled corticosteroid (BA + CS) was more effective in improving the FEV1 and the provocative concentration of histamine causing a 20% reduction in FEV1 (PC20) than treatment with a beta 2-agonist plus anticholinergic (BA + AC) or placebo (BA + PL). PHASE 2: We extended this study with 6 months to investigate whether delayed introduction of inhaled CS therapy (800 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate) in the groups previously not treated with inhaled CS (BA +/- AC) could also improve FEV1 and PC20 to the same degree. A distinction was made between patients with predominantly asthma (high baseline reversibility, delta FEV1or = 9% of predicted), and predominantly COPD (low baseline reversibility, delta FEV19% of predicted).Improvement of FEV1 percent predicted by inhaled CS was comparable both in the asthmatics between phase 1 (13.8% predicted) and phase 2 (8.5% predicted; p = 0.31) as well as in the patients with COPD (2.5% and 1.5% predicted, respectively). PC20, however, increased significantly more in the asthmatics in phase 1 (1.77 doubling concentration [DC]) than in phase 2 (0.79 DC; p = 0.03). Improvement of PC20 in the patients with COPD was not significantly higher in phase 1 (0.74 DC) than in phase 2 (0.00 DC; p = 0.19).Our study indicates that although delayed introduction of inhaled CS in asthmatics leads to similar improvements in FEV1, improvements in PC20 are significantly less. These findings in patients with longer-existing asthma concur with other findings in newly detected asthma. We suggest that institution of inhaled CS therapy should not be postponed in asthmatics with documented airways obstruction and reversibility.

Published
1996

24. Tidal breathing analysis as a measure of airway obstruction in children three years of age and older

Author

J. van der Laag, H. J. L. Brackel, J. M. Bogaard, and C.K. van der Ent

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cystic Fibrosis, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Cystic fibrosis, Sensitivity and Specificity, FEV1/FVC ratio, Internal medicine, medicine, Tidal Volume, Humans, Child, Tidal volume, Asthma, Expiratory Time, Lung, business.industry, Airway Resistance, Respiratory disease, Reproducibility of Results, Airway obstruction, medicine.disease, Surgery, Respiratory Function Tests, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Cardiology, Female, sense organs, business, Pulmonary Ventilation
Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the value and applicability of tidal breathing pattern analysis to assess airflow obstruction in young children. The time needed to reach maximal tidal expiratory flow (TME) divided by total expiratory time (TE) was measured in 228 healthy children 3 to 11 yr of age, 64 patients with asthma, and 12 children with cystic fibrosis. In 70 patients both TME/TE and forced maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) parameters were measured. The mean TME/TE in healthy subjects was 43.0 +/- 7.6%. The within-subject reproducibility was high (repeatability index, 5.3%). In the asthmatic patients the mean TME/TE was significantly lower (30.0 +/- 8.2%, p0.001), and it increased to 36.5 +/- 7.9% after bronchodilation (n = 44, p0.001). The TME/TE level of the subgroup of patients with asthma and FEV1/FVCor = 0.80 was lower when compared with age-matched normal subjects (30.9 +/- 8.5, p0.0001), but it was in a higher range when compared with asthmatics with FEV1/FVC0.80 (25.9 +/- 7.9, p0.001). In the cystic fibrosis group the mean TME/TE was 27.4 +/- 10.7% without a significant change after bronchodilation. TME/TE correlated significantly with MEFV parameters. Tidal breathing analysis proved easy to perform in children older than 3 yr of age. The TME/TE ratio may be a reliable and simple indicator for airway obstruction.

Published
1996

25. A quasi steady state ramp method for the estimation of the ventilatory response to CO2

Author

J M, Smit, J M, Bogaard, G, Goorden, A F, Verbraak, and P, Dalinghaus

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Spirometry, Humans, Carbon Dioxide
Abstract

There are two suitable methods for estimating the ventilatory response to CO2: the steady state or the Read method. The latter is usually applied because of its shorter duration and its stimulus, near to tissue PCO2. From recent studies on a physiological model but also on the dynamics of the ventilatory CO2 response (G liters min-1 kPa-1), it can be shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that the Read method markedly overestimates the steady-state estimate of the ventilatory CO2 response (Gss). We have, therefore, applied two ramp approaches: one with an initial end-tidal PCO2 (PetCO2) step of 0.5 kPa and a mean PetCO2 ramp slope of 0.41 kPa/min (step-ramp method, SR) and one without an initial step and a mean ramp slope of 0.21 kPa/min (ramp method; R). As predicted by theory, the ventilatory CO2 response from the R method (GR) during the second 4-min interval of the 8-min procedure and the ventilatory CO2 response from the SR method (GSR) from the whole 6-min procedure, except for the first 30 s, should yield a good approximation of Gss. In a group of 12 normal volunteers we indeed found no differences between these estimates, and, as predicted by theory, we found both estimates to be larger than GR from the first 4-min interval. From the interindividual spread, only the difference with respect to GSR was significant (p less than 0.02). The volunteers preferred the R approach because of the lower PetCO2 attained and the smaller ventilation increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1992

26. Effects of PEEP on respiratory mechanics in patients with COPD on mechanical ventilation

Author

B, van den Berg, H, Stam, and J M, Bogaard

Subjects
Male, Positive-Pressure Respiration, Functional Residual Capacity, Respiratory Mechanics, Humans, Female, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Ventilation, Aged
Abstract

We studied the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) applied by the ventilator on respiratory mechanics in ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway pressures, relaxed expiratory flow-volume curves and end-expiratory volumes (EEV) were measured. In all patients investigated without PEEP applied by the ventilator, an intrinsic PEEP level (PEEPi) and a concavity in the flow-volume curve was present. Ventilator-PEEP caused a significant decrease in PEEPi in all patients (p less than 0.01). In patients in whom ventilator-PEEP exceeded PEEPi, significant increases occurred in airway pressures and EEV (p less than 0.05) and moreover the shape of the flow-volume curve was changing. In patients in whom the level of ventilator-PEEP was below the PEEPi level, no significant changes in airway pressures, EEV or flow-volume curves were found. We conclude: 1) PEEP applied by the ventilator can reduce PEEPi in ventilated patients with COPD without significant changes in airway pressures, EEV or flow-volume curves. 2) Expiratory flow-volume curves can be used to estimate the effects of ventilator-PEEP on EEV.

Published
1991

27. Maximal Expiratory and Inspiratory Flow-Volume Curves in Parkinson's Disease

Author

F. G. A. v. d. Meché, J. M. Bogaard, A. Hovestadt, J. Stigt, and J. D. Meerwaldt

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Parkinson's disease, Maximal expiratory flow-volume curves, Vital Capacity, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Inspiratory flow, Internal medicine, Pressure, medicine, Humans, Lung volumes, Peak flow meter, Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves, measurement_unit, Mouth, business.industry, Total Lung Capacity, Parkinson Disease, Forced Expiratory Flow Rates, Airway obstruction, medicine.disease, Surgery, Airway Obstruction, Residual Volume, Volume (thermodynamics), measurement_unit.measuring_instrument, Cardiology, Pulmonary Ventilation, business
Abstract

In order to investigate the type and degree of upper airway obstruction (UAO) in a group of patients with Parkinson's disease in different stages of the disease, we obtained maximal expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume (MEFV and MIFV) curves and maximal static mouth pressures. The clinical disability was indicated by a Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) scale, ranging from III to V, and a more continuous Northwestern University Disability Scale (NUDS), ranging from zero to 50. Twelve patients were in H-Y Group III, and eleven and eight were in Groups IV and V, respectively. The pattern of the flow-volume curves was classified as either normal, or with superimposed regular or irregular oscillations (A), or with rounded-off and delayed expiratory peak appearance (B). Mean MEFV curves in Groups III and IV were not appreciably different from reference. In Group V, the mean curve showed a lower peak expiratory flow (PEF) and a more convex tail. Only the effort-dependent variables PEF, peak inspiratory flow (PIF), and maximal mouth pressures at RV and TLC (PmTLC and PmRV) appeared to be significantly correlated with the NUDS index and decreased with increasing clinical disability. The mean values of those variables were also significantly different between the H-Y groups. The number of normal curves decreased from H-Y Group III to Group V. The contribution of A and B curves was relatively equal in the groups, with only a small number of A curves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1989
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28. A Simplified Procedure for Exponential Fitting of Pressure-Volume Curves of Normal and Diseased Lungs

Author

J. M. Bogaard, A. Versprille, A.F.M. Verbraak, and W. Jonker

Subjects
Lung Diseases, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pressure-volume curves, medicine.medical_specialty, Biometry, business.industry, Models, Biological, Least squares, Surgery, Exponential function, Interstitial pneumonitis, Pressure, medicine, Humans, Applied mathematics, Lung Volume Measurements, business, Lung, Lung function
Abstract

Exponential fitting of mammalian pressure-volume curves requires least squares approaches, using computer facilities. We have developed a simplified fit procedure which can be performed by hand or by a small pocket calculator. First the asymptotic value of the volume axis, Vm, is estimated from a series of volume data at equal pressure-intervals. Subsequently, the 'pressure constant' (comparable with a time constant) and the intersection of the curve with the pressure axis (Po) are determined graphically. A comparison of the fit parameters with those obtained from a non-linear least squares procedure, performed on a medium-size computer, yielded an accuracy sufficient for practical purposes. We conclude that the simplified fit procedure may be a valuable tool for a quick and accurate interpretation of mammalian pressure-volume curves in pulmonary function routine.

Published
1986
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29. Exercise responses in patients with an enzyme deficiency in the mitochondrial respiratory chain

Author

J M, Bogaard, H F, Busch, H R, Scholte, H, Stam, and A, Versprille

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Oxygen Consumption, Adolescent, Physical Exertion, Lactates, NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone), Humans, Female, Quinone Reductases, Fatigue, Mitochondria, Muscle
Abstract

Responses to exercise were obtained in six patients with a biochemically diagnosed enzyme deficiency at the level of NADH-CoQ reductase. The responses were compared with those of a control group, consisting of fourteen patients with inexplicable dyspnoea or muscle pain during exercise, for which no firm diagnosis could be established and of which the exercise responses were in the normal range. Metabolic, ventilatory and cardiological variables such as oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (R), heart rate (HR) and difference in blood lactate or base-excess (BE) between rest and maximal workload were measured during cycle ergometry from samples obtained in the last minutes of four minute periods, in which the load increased stepwise by 30 W per four minutes. The threshold of lactate metabolism (Tlact) was assumed to be equal to the threshold determined both by the VO2 at which the VE versus VO2 response started to deviate from a straight line and the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2) showed a minimum (Tvent), Tvent was estimated from the mean of these values, obtained by linear and parabolic regression analysis respectively. In the patient group, mean values for symptom limited maximal VO2 (VO2,max,sl; % of VO2,max,ref), Tvent (% of VO2,max,ref) and R at maximal workload were 43, 17 and 1.23 against 85, 47 and 1.06 for the same variables in the control group, respectively. The differences were highly significant (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.005 for mean R difference). Mean maximal HR and mean change in blood lactate or BE were not significantly different in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1988
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30. MACRODYNAMIC POLICY-MAKING: AN APPLICATION OF STRATEGY AND CERTAINTY EQUIVALENCE CONCEPTS TO THE ECONOMY OF THE UNITED STATES, 1933-1936

Author

P. J. M. Bogaard and H. Theil

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Government, Work (electrical), Policy making, Econometric methods, Preference function, Economics, Certainty equivalence, League, Neoclassical economics, Mathematical economics, Economic problem
Abstract

The application of econometric methods and results to policy-making at the government level has been an important aim of econometricians in the last two decades. Tinbergen’s work (1939) for the League of Nations, for example, was at least partly originated by the idea that a better knowledge of economic behaviour patterns contributes to the possibilities of macroeconomic engineering. In the last few years several attempts have been made to solve specific and concrete economic problems with such means, especially in Europe, where the names of Frisch and Tinbergen should be mentioned in particular.

Published
1959
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31. The design of optimal committee decisions,**)

Author

P. J. M. Bogaard and J. Versluis

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
Abstract

Samenvatting Het uitgangspunt van dit artikel is een commissie van N personen, die tot taak heeft een beslissing te nemen op basis van de voorkeuren van zijn leden. Deze voorkeuren worden weergegeven door voorkeursfuncties, die eenduidig verondersteld worden afgezien van een willekeurig nulpunt en eenheid. De gevolgde procedure houdt in, dat een commissievoorkeursfunctie word geconstrueerd, die een lineaire combinatie is van alle individuele voorkeursfuncties. De gewichten van deze lineaire combinatie worden afgeleid uit de zogenaamde verliezenmatrix, waarvan elk element aangeeft het verlies (d.i. de reductie beneden het bereikbare voorkeurmaximum), dat een commissielid i lijdt wanneer een comissielid j erin slaagt zijn wil aan de commissie op te leggen. In beginsel wordt aanbevolen de verliezenmatrix symmetrisch te maken, hetgeen dan leidt tot eenduidige gewichten van de genoemde lineaire combinatie en dus tot een eenduidige cornmissievoorkeursfunctie. Dit beginsel kan echter niet altijd worden gerealiseerd; aanbevolen wordt dan de rijsommen van de verliezenmatrix gelijk te maken aan de corrresponderende kolomsommen. Deze gedachtengang wordt toegepast op de voorkeuren van drie groepen van de Sociaal-Economische Raad (werknemers-, kroon- en werkpeversleden) t.a.v. de economische situatie in 1957.

Published
1962
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33. Automatic Data Processing in the Clinical Lungfunction Laboratory

Author

F. R. C. Jansen, J. M. Bogaard, A.F.M. Verbraak, and A. Versprille

Subjects
Hospital information system, business.operation, Computer science, Automatic Data Processing, Central unit, Reference values, media_common.quotation_subject, Statistics, Quality (business), business, Lung function, media_common
Abstract

Approximately 15,000 lung function measurements are performed yearly on about 4,000 patients. The off-line automatic data processing (ADP) of the hand measured values is 4 years in use now and has resulted in: a capacity increase of 20%, a greater accuracy in calculation which implies an improvement of the quality of comparisons between patients’ data and reference values, and a standardisation of the lung-function report.

Published
1982
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34. Idiopathic bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis

Author

F, Camfferman, J M, Bogaard, F G, van der Meché, and C, Hilvering

Subjects
Male, Phrenic Nerve, Electromyography, Respiration, Posture, Humans, Sleep, REM, Middle Aged, Respiratory Paralysis, Respiratory Function Tests
Abstract

A patient with dyspnoea was found to have a complete diaphragmatic paralysis due to a bilateral phrenic nerve lesion, without evidence of a generalized neuromuscular disease. The functional sequelae of breathing with intercostal and auxiliary inspiratory muscles were studied in the patient both while awake and asleep. This we believe is the second case of idiopathic bilateral paralysis of the diaphragm described in the literature.

Published
1985

35. Dose-effect relationship of terbutaline using a multi-dose powder inhalation system ('Turbuhaler') and salbutamol administered by powder inhalation ('Rotahaler') in asthmatics

Author

J M, Bogaard, R, Slingerland, and A F, Verbraak

Subjects
Adult, Male, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Forced Expiratory Volume, Administration, Inhalation, Hemodynamics, Terbutaline, Humans, Albuterol, Middle Aged, Asthma, Respiratory Function Tests
Abstract

A study was carried out in 8 patients with chronic stable bronchial asthma to compare the bronchodilator response with terbutaline, administered by a recently developed powder inhalation system ('Turbuhaler') and equipotent doses of salbutamol administered by a widely used powder inhaler ('Rotahaler'). Dose-effect relationships with usually applied clinical doses of the bronchodilators were estimated by maximal expiratory flow-volume analysis and airway resistance estimates from body plethysmography. There was no significant difference in clinical response using either inhaler. The equal and opposite changes in forced vital capacity and residual volume with increasing dose indicate an improvement in peripheral airway resistance and, therefore, adequate peripheral powder deposition of the bronchodilators. Only at the highest dose was a mild increase noted in pulse frequency and tremor score with both systems. It is suggested that, because of the multi-dose character, absence of additives, easy handling (no capsule loading) and low inspiratory flow needed for actuation, the 'Turbuhaler' system may be considered preferable for the application of a bronchodilator in children and severely obstructed adults.

Published
1989

36. Interpretation of changes in spirographic and flow-volume variables after operative treatment in bilateral vocal cord paralysis

Author

J M, Bogaard, K H, Pauw, H, Stam, and A, Versprille

Subjects
Adult, Male, Spirometry, Humans, Female, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Forced Expiratory Flow Rates, Middle Aged, Lung Volume Measurements, Vocal Cord Paralysis, Aged, Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves
Abstract

In 13 patients, who underwent a superolateralization of a vocal cord after bilateral vocal cord paralysis, we studied pre- and postoperatively spirometric dynamic and static lung volumes and variables from maximal expiratory and maximal inspiratory flow-volume (MEFV and MIFV) curves. The effects of surgical treatment on these variables have been established by comparing the statistical significance of the changes post- versus preoperative. A significant increase was found in the vital capacity and a significant decrease in the indices associated with the dynamic variability of the obstruction. The most significant changes were found in peak inspiratory flow and peak expiratory flow, and in the inspiratory defined dynamic estimates, as forced inspiratory volume in 1 second and maximal voluntary ventilation at a frequency of 30 c X min-1. Significant correlations, however, were found to exist only for the changes within the group of flow-volume indices and for those within the group of spirographic variables. This led us to the conclusion that for the diagnosis of this type of upper airway obstruction these measurements are additive, reflecting different aspects of airway mechanics.

Published
1985

37. Maximal expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume curves in bilateral vocal-cord paralysis. Changes after surgical treatment and comparison with glottic resistance characteristics

Author

J M, Bogaard, K H, Pauw, A, Versprille, H, Stam, A F, Verbraak, and A J, Maas

Subjects
Adult, Male, Glottis, Airway Resistance, Total Lung Capacity, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Middle Aged, Residual Volume, Humans, Female, Pulmonary Ventilation, Vocal Cord Paralysis, Aged, Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves
Abstract

The maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) and maximal inspiratory flow-volume (MIFV) curve present maximal attainable flows, plotted against the displaced volume at the mouth during a forced expiratory manoeuvre from total lung capacity (TLC) and a subsequent forced inspiratory manoeuvre from residual volume (RV), respectively. Depending on the glottic resistance characteristics, the usual flow limitation may be absent during forced expiration, drastically influencing the form of MEFV curves. During forced inspiration however, the flow remains effort-dependent. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the form of MEFV and MIFV curves, and the glottic resistance characteristics, before and after an endolaryngeal superolateralization of a vocal cord, in 12 patients with bilateral vocal-cord paralysis. Peak expiratory and inspiratory flows were estimated with the aid of the measured glottic resistance characteristics on the assumption that the maximal alveolar pressures were normal during the manoeuvres. The estimated values agreed well with measured values. The form of the MEFV and MIFV curves was also found to be closely linked to the glottic resistance characteristics. It is concluded that the MEFV and MIFV curves are sensitive indicators of flow limitation in patients with upper-airway obstructions.

Published
1987

39. Comparison of mouth and oesophageal pressure fluctuations during panting against an occlusion

Author

J M, Bogaard and A, Versprille

Subjects
Mouth, Esophagus, Airway Resistance, Respiration, Pressure, Humans, Lung Volume Measurements, Constriction
Abstract

In four normal volunteers, differences between oesophageal pressure fluctuations (delta Pes) in the upper and lower parts of the oesophagus and mouth pressure fluctuations (delta Pm), simultaneously measured during panting against an occlusion, were evaluated. Averaged quasi static pressure-volume curves were obtained by measuring pressure in the upper and lower thirds of the oesophagus. The differences between delta Pes and delta Pm during panting, due to elastic recoil changes, were predicted from an exponential relationship fitted to the pressure-volume curves. The calculated errors were compared with those observed experimentally. In the lower part of the oesophagus, delta Pes was similar to delta Pm at lung volumes in the range of 50 to 70% of Vmax. Vmax was deduced from the asymptote of the exponential curve. Mean delta Pes/delta Pm was 0.98 +/- 0.08 (SD). In the upper oesophagus, delta Pes was lower than delta Pm. Mean delta Pes/delta Pm was 0.87 in the range of 50 up to 90% of Vmax with an SD +/- 0.15. At lung volumes above 90% of Vmax for the upper oesophagus and above 70% of Vmax for the lower oesophagus, the ratio of delta Pes to delta Pm exceeded 1 and progressively increased. The measured values were often higher than those predicted from the fitted curves, presumably due to a narrowed glottic aperture. We concluded that in normals both the positioning of the oesophageal balloon in the lower oesophagus and a lung volume near functional residual capacity (FRC) are prerequisites for the use of delta Pm as a control for delta Pes, or vice versa, during panting against an occlusion.

Published
1987

40. The components of the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in man dependent on alveolar volume

Author

H, Stam, A, Versprille, and J M, Bogaard

Subjects
Adult, Male, Carbon Monoxide, Adolescent, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Capillaries, Oxygen, Pulmonary Alveoli, Breath Tests, Humans, Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity, Female, Lung Volume Measurements, Aged
Abstract

The effect of alveolar volume (VA) on diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL), membrane conductance (Dm) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (Qc) was investigated in 39 normal volunteers to study alveolar membrane expansion and capillary volume recruitment. DL/VA was related to alveolar volume breathing air and 95% oxygen respectively. Both relations appeared to be linear with a negative slope and were used to calculate Dm and Qc as a function of VA. The relation between Dm and VA resulted in: Dm = kVAx, where x characterizes the kind of membrane expansion with increasing alveolar volume, when we assume Dm = kA/delta. In this equation, A is the membrane area and delta the membrane thickness. In 36% of our subjects, x was nearly 0.67, which corresponds to an isotropic expansion of diffusion area with alveolar volume without changes in delta. In 41%, x was between 0.67 and 1. We hypothesized that, in these subjects, either some decrease of delta or some recruitment of alveoli was superimposed on the area increase according to x = 2/3. In recruitment, a proportional increase of diffusion area with alveolar volume is assumed, which means x = 1. Subjects over the age of 50 years (n = 12) showed greater variation in the value of x, which was greater than 1.3 in three and less than 0.6 in a further three. The relation between Qc and VA was best described by a second order polynomial, characterized by a maximum above 50% of VAmax. With lung expansion, either a recruitment of capillaries or a better contact between blood and air could occur up to that maximum. Where Qc was decreasing with further rise of VA, we assumed compression of capillaries by stretching of pulmonary tissue.

Published
1983

42. Effective airway resistance: a reliable variable from body plethysmography

Author

A F M Verbraak, W Boender, J M Bogaard, and W. P. J. Holland

Subjects
Observational error, business.industry, Airway Resistance, Biophysics, Signal, Models, Biological, Pulmonary function testing, law.invention, Airway resistance, Volume (thermodynamics), Control theory, law, Anesthesia, Ventilation (architecture), Medicine, Plethysmograph, Humans, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Lead (electronics), business, Mathematics, Plethysmography, Whole Body
Abstract

Since the introduction of whole-body plethysmography in pulmonary function routines, airway resistance measurements by this method have been plagued by a side-effect of the ventilation process. Warming up and humidifying of inspired air and the cooling and condensation of expired air lead to a change in volume of the gas in the system and thus to a change in pressure in the body box which is superimposed on the regular box pressure. One generally applied solution is to compensate electronically for the disturbing pressure change. However, the required adjustment of the size of the compensating signal is difficult or impossible to obtain with patients who have obstructive lung diseases. In this paper we show that if no correction at all is applied the measurement error in the effective airway resistance remains relatively small. Moreover the magnitude of the error appears to depend on certain symmetrical and asymmetrical properties of the mouth flow curve. The maximum error in the effective resistance, as computed from a number of measured flow patterns, was found to be -18% for the normal persons and -9% for patients with obstructive lung diseases. We conclude that the uncorrected effective airway resistance is reasonably accurate. Alternatively, a good accuracy can be obtained with only a coarse adjustment of the correction circuit.

Published
1986

43. Pulmonary edema in man: comparison of capillary filtration pressure, quantification by means of the double indicator-dilution method, and clinical observations

Author

C. J. Hesse, G. Bos, J. M. Bogaard, F. Hagemeijer, S. J. Smith, and H. J. D. Rukmans

Subjects
Oncotic pressure, medicine.medical_specialty, Hemodynamics, Indicator Dilution Techniques, Pulmonary Edema, Catheterization, Osmotic Pressure, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Pulmonary wedge pressure, Lung, biology, business.industry, C-reactive protein, Albumin, Pulmonary edema, medicine.disease, Surgery, Capillaries, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cardiology, biology.protein, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Filtration, Heart Auscultation
Abstract

In three groups of patients, one with no signs of pulmonary edema (n = 11), one with acute myocardial infarction but without pulmonary edema (n = 6) and one with recent myocardial infarction and clinical signs of pulmonary edema (n = 13), investigations were performed to determine the degree of pulmonary edema: Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PC W), plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP), and critical pressure (CrP) defined as CrP = PCW − COP. The double indicator dilution method with 131/ albumin as an intravascular indicator and tritiated water (THO) as a diffusing indicator. Clinical estimates such as radiological and auscultatory criteria. Monitoring of PCW and plasma COP appears to give valuable information on whether or not pulmonary edema fluid is being generated at the moment when these measurements are being made. On the other hand, the information obtained by the double indicator-dilution method proved insufficient to warrant its adoption for routine clinical use. Even the difference in mean transit limes of the two indicators was found to be a better measurement of the degree of pulmonary edema.

Published
1981

45. [Indices of pulmonary edema (author's transl)]

Author

S J, Smith, J M, Bogaard, J M, Rijkmans, G, Bos, C J, Hesse, and F, Hagemeyer

Subjects
Pulmonary Circulation, Radioisotope Dilution Technique, Osmotic Pressure, Myocardial Infarction, Humans, Blood Pressure, Pulmonary Edema, Angina Pectoris, Capillaries
Published
1977

46. Convective Diffusion in Oscillatory Flow as a Gastransport Mechanism During High Frequency Ventilation

Author

P. Gieles, H. J. van Ouwerkerk, and J. M. Bogaard

Subjects
Materials science, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, High-frequency ventilation, macromolecular substances, Mechanics, respiratory system, Hagen–Poiseuille equation, Action (physics), respiratory tract diseases, Mechanism (engineering), Tree (data structure), nervous system, Convective diffusion, medicine, Effective diffusion coefficient, Oscillatory flow
Abstract

Gastransport in the bronchial tree is caused by a combined action of several physical mechanisms.

Published
1983
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48. Histamine log(dose)-response curves in asthmatics. A comparison between the Wiesbadener Doppelinhalator and the De Vilbiss Model 645 nebulizer

Author

J M, Bogaard, L, Verheijen-Breemhaar, T A, Kroon, C, Hilvering, L S, Alcalá, I M, Erdmann, and J W, Pattenier

Subjects
Adult, Aerosols, Male, Time Factors, Ventilators, Mechanical, Adolescent, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Middle Aged, Asthma, Bronchial Provocation Tests, Mathematics, Histamine
Abstract

In 9 asthmatic patients log(dose)-response curves were obtained on 4 successive days with the Wiesbadener Doppelinhalator (WDI) and the De Vilbiss (De V) 645 nebulizer, respectively. log(dose)-response was expressed as a quadratic regression equation. From those equations the dose, causing a fall in response (FEV1) of 10% of the initial value, was obtained and defined as the provocative concentration (PC(10] or sensitivity. Moreover, the reactivity was defined as the slope of the linear regression through the steeper part of the curve. Although we compared the De V and the WDI log(dose)-response curves after correction for the different liquid output, a significantly greater sensitivity was found for the De V nebulizer. As to the reactivity, no significant differences were found. The difference in sensitivity could perhaps be explained by the fact that, as compared with the De V nebulizer, the WDI may cause a larger deposition of aerosol on the throat and the pharynx, due to the much greater linear velocity of its aerosol jet.

Published
1985

49. Comparison of the bronchodilatory action and side-effects of ipratropium bromide and thiazinamium methyl sulphate: a long-term, double-blind, crossover trial in patients with chronic bronchitis

Author

L, Verheijen-Breemhaar, J M, Bogaard, and C, Hilvering

Subjects
Male, Clinical Trials as Topic, Double-Blind Method, Ipratropium, Chronic Disease, Humans, Atropine Derivatives, Middle Aged, Bronchitis, Promethazine
Abstract

A long-term, double-blind study was carried out in 12 male chronic bronchitics with partially reversible airways obstruction to compare the bronchodilatory effects of ipratropium bromide and thiazinamium methyl sulphate and their influence on micturition and visual accommodation. Patients received either ipratropium bromide (160 micrograms daily) by aerosol plus placebo tablets or thiazinamium methyl sulphate tablets (900 mg daily) plus placebo aerosol for 10 weeks. After a 1-week treatment-free period, patients were crossed over to the alternative medication for a further 10 weeks. Measurements were made before and 1 and 10 weeks after the beginning of each treatment period. The bronchodilatory responses were measured by spirometry (VC and FEV1) and maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves (FVC, PEF, MEF50 and MEF25). Micturition was estimated from a mictiogram, obtained with a system based on an ultrasonic principle. Subjective clinical findings, heart rate and blood pressure were also obtained. The variables from both the spirometric and MEFV measurements showed the bronchodilatory effect of ipratropium bromide to be superior to that of thiazinamium methyl sulphate. Because the largest differences were found in the variables from the effort-dependent, first part of the forced expiration (PEF and FEV1), the results suggest a difference in effect occurring mainly in central and higher airways. Only the MEF25 value after 10-weeks' treatment was lower in the ipratropium bromide period with respect to the thiazinamium methyl sulphate period, but not significantly so. Although 3 patients on thiazinamium had visual complaints no objective disturbances of micturition or accommodation were established.

Published
1982

50. Flow limitation in upper-airway obstruction. Theoretical analysis

Author

J M, Bogaard, K H, Pauw, and A, Versprille

Subjects
Male, Glottis, Airway Resistance, Humans, Forced Expiratory Flow Rates, Models, Biological, Vocal Cord Paralysis, Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves
Abstract

During a maximal forced expiration from total lung capacity (TLC) in normal human subjects flow limitation will occur (i.e., the flow will become independent of muscular effort) after the initial part of the expiratory manoeuvre. Flow limitation starts at the flow that causes a pressure drop in the bronchial tree large enough for the generation of a flow-limiting segment. In patients with upper-airway obstruction such as laryngeal obstruction or tracheal stenosis, the upper-airway resistance may keep the flow so low that flow limitation cannot arise. The present theoretical study confirms that glottic resistance does not prevent flow limitation from arising in normal human subjects. On the other hand, the mean glottic resistance characteristics measured for 19 patients with bilateral vocal-cord paralysis were found to be such as to prevent flow limitation. This means that in such patients and also in patients with other types of upper-airway obstruction flow may remain effort-dependent throughout the forced expiratory manoeuvre or in any case during much more of this manoeuvre than normal.

Published
1987

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