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Until today, perturbation-theoretical consistent algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) schemes for the polarization propagator had been derived and implemented up to third order. They have turned out to be versatile and reliable ab initio single-reference methods for the quantum chemical investigation of electronic transitions as well as excited-state properties. Here we present, for the first time, the derivation of consistent fourth-order ADC(4) schemes exploiting novel techniques of automated equation and code generation. The accuracies of the resulting ADC(4) excitation energies have been benchmarked against recent high-level, near exact reference data. The mean absolute error for singly and doubly excited states turns out to be smaller than 0.1 and 0.5 eV, respectively. These developments open also new avenues toward highly accurate ADC methods for electron-detached and attached states.

Background Brain metastases (BM) constitute the most common central nervous system tumors. The treatment options of BM consist of surgery, radiotherapy, radiosurgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Regarding surgery in BM, the extent of resection (EOR) represents a crucial factor for patient prognosis. However, first studies using postoperative MRI demonstrated that an unexpected residual tumor after surgery of BM is not uncommon despite these tumors were considered to be well-demarcated. The aim of this study was thus to investigate in a large cohort including multiple neurosurgical centers the EOR following BM resection, potential risk factors for incomplete resection and postsurgical follow-up data. Material and Methods In the current retrospective study conducted at 5 specialized neurosurgical centers in Austria, we included patients with BM resection and available postoperative MRI. The EOR following BM resection was determined by postoperative MRI (complete vs incomplete resection). Additionally, the data on the intraoperative judgement of the EOR of the performing neurosurgeon were collected. Moreover, potential factors for incomplete resection including tumor localization, tumor volume, primary tumor, pattern of contrast media enhancement on imaging and tumor eloquence were investigated. Finally, the rate of local progression of BM after initial surgery was analyzed in the follow-up period and overall survival data were collected. Results Altogether, 548 patients with 649 surgically treated BM were included. According to postoperative MRI, complete resection was achieved in 407 (66%) of 649 BM and incomplete resection in 176 (29%) of 649 BM. Misjudgment of the EOR by the neurosurgeon was found in 25% of cases and resulted in an unexpected residual tumor which was evident on postoperative MRI in 122 (22%) BM. Preoperative tumor volume was significantly larger in incompletely resected BM. Moreover, local progression was significantly more common in cases with incompletely resected BM and was also associated with shorter overall survival. Conclusion Our data of this study including multiple centers indicate that postoperative MRI is capable to detect a relatively high rate of unexpected residual tumors following resection of BM. Since local progression was more common in BM with residual tumors and this was associated with shorter survival, special attention should be paid to achieve a complete tumor resection.

Not long ago it was observed that the equation x + y − z = 1 has an unexpected “doubly infinite family” of solutions, parametrized by two independent Frobenius actions, over the group G generated by t and 1 − t in F p ( t ) . In an earlier paper we already put that observation into context by finding all such solutions. Here we extend our work to the full (thus not necessarily “prime-to-p”) radical or division group of G in the algebraic closure of F p ( t ) . In particular we find new families now parametrized by elements of the algebraic closure of F p . This seems to be the first example of the complete solution of a ternary equation in the context of Mordell–Lang and Manin–Mumford.

The development of rocking in bridge structures has been identified as a valid isolation technique for structures under seismic loading. By utilising uplift in the bridge system, ductility and strength demands can be reduced on the structural element, limiting damage, and reducing residual displacements of the structure due to the system’s self-centring capability. A disadvantage has been identified, however, in the largely reduced hysteretic energy dissipation capacity of the rocking system. The objective of the present study is the development and validation of two three-dimensional finite element models undergoing cyclic quasi-static loading, using the software package ANSYS – a conventional reinforced concrete monolithic bridge pier and a precast post-tensioned concrete bridge pier wrapped in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP), which allows uplift. The validation of these models according to existing experimental data focuses on the damage of the bridge pier under sustained loading and the corresponding concrete constitutive models utilised. Once validated, further models may be simulated which better identify the advantages of both the use of FRP and allowing the development of a rocking motion under cyclic loading. Furthermore, a study of different methods of increasing the energy dissipation of the system is presented, focusing on the use of both mild steel and superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) dissipaters placed either internally or externally in various configurations. The study identifies many potential solutions for increasing the hysteretic energy dissipation of the rocking system whilst maintaining a small residual drift.

War not only has a direct impact on health through its direct physical consequences but also through the stress experienced by all those directly and indirectly affected by it. Therefore, conflict mitigation efforts can make a significant positive impact on health. In Israel, a country that has experienced a great deal of conflict, utilizing sports to foster peaceful relations and coexistence is an idea that has gained popularity in recent years. The aim of this article is to examine in-depth, using social psychological theoretical lenses one project, Mifalot’s ‘United Soccer for Peace’ soccer coaching certification course. The course trains adult Arab and Jewish soccer coaches in mixed groups, as well as to teach them peace education values and tools. This study examined the successes and challenges of this project in contributing to conflict mitigation and health improvement. Some of the specific questions addressed were: Why did many Arab participants leave the project in its early stages? What can be ...

The Friendship Games is a one-week event held in the resort city of Eilat, Israel. Quantitative research was conducted on the male and female basketball players from Europe, Jordan, Palestine and Jewish and Arab players from Israel who participated in the 2012 event held from 1 June to 8 June. Qualitative research was conducted on the 2013 event that was held from 31 May to 6 June. The event brings Arab and Jewish Israeli college-age athletes together with peers from other countries in the region and from all over the world to play basketball and participate in other recreational activities. Pretest questionnaires were administered at the beginning of the week, and post-tests were administered at the end of the week in June 2012. Questionnaires in English were administered to the European athletes; questionnaires in Hebrew were administered to the Jewish Israeli athletes; and questionnaires in Arabic were administered to Palestinians, Jordanians and Israeli Arabs. Positive changes were found in attitudes ...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to fill in a gap in the research literature on the subject of evaluation of coexistence programs. Design/methodology/approach – Three separate research studies on the effects of joint sports programs on attitudes of Arabs and Jews toward each other were conducted from September 2011 to June 2012. Pretests and posttests were administered to participants in three sports programs involving Arabs and Jews: The Friendship Games, Mifalot's. Findings – While pretests suggest that a great deal of hatred and lack of trust exists among Palestinians, Jordanians, and Israelis, according to the posttest results, by simply playing sports together, feelings of hatred can be greatly reduced and feelings of trust can be enhanced. Research limitations/implications – The research limitations included the need to shorten the questionnaire in order to encourage the youth to complete it, and the lack of control groups for the Friendship Games and Peres Center studies. More research is nee...

Zusammenfassung An Hand einschlagiger Beobachtungen werden die tuberkulosen hyperergischen Lungeninfiltrate besprochen. Sie sind durch den abortiven, gutartigen Verlauf, Bluteosinophilie und Symptomenarmut gekennzeichnet, der so weitgehend sein kann, dass die Diagnose nur durch das Rontgenbild gestellt werden kann. Sie gehoren zu den circumfocalen Entzundungen, wie sie fruher nach grosseren Tuberkulingaben beobachtet wurden, die ihrerseits zur Allergisierung und oft auch zu Eosinophilie gefuhrt haben. Fur die hyperergische Reaktionslage spricht ausser der Eosinophilie die allergische Blutzuckerkurve nach Glukosebelastung, welche durch einen erhohten Gipfel und verzogerten Abfall gekennzeichnet ist. Die Differentialdiagnose gegen symptomenarme, abortive Pneumonien kann oft schwierig sein, bei Beachtung aller Befunde und Beobachtung des Krankheitsverlaufes ist sie aber meist moglich. Fur Tuberkulose spricht neben der Anamnese und tuberkuloser Exposition der positive Auswurf, die positive Seroreaktion (Meinicke), Starkerwerden der Tuberkulinallergie, kleine Ausschlage der Blutsenkung und des Blutbildes. Ein Zeichen allein wird selten die Entscheidung herbeifuhren konnen, alle Befunde zusammen ermoglichen aber die Diagnose. Die Kenntnis der hyperergischen Infiltrate ist nicht nur von grossem wissenschaftlichem Interesse sondern auch praktisch von Belang, weil sie die Stellungnahme zur Prognose und Therapie erleichtert. — An Hand weiterer Krankengeschichten werden die symptomenarmen Abortivpneumonien erokert. Neuere Forschungen haben ergeben, dass die typischen krupposen Pneumonien nur die Minderzahl der Lungenentzundungen darstellen, die Mehrzahl bilden die Pneumonien, die infolge der besonderen allergischen Lage des Organismus aufgehalten werden, bevor sie zu Lappenpneumonien werden. Macht man sich diese Auffassung uber die Pneumonie als hyperergische Reaktion zu eigen, so erscheint es verstandlich, dass von der typischen krupposen Pneumonie bis zu den abortiven »Eintagspneumonien» alle Zwischenstufen moglich sind, ob es dabei allerdings zu einer Bluteosinophilie kommt, ist unbekannt. Eine gewisse Sonderstellung nehmen daneben die anaphylaktischen Reaktionen (»Quincke'sche odeme der Lunge») auf nicht infektiose Ursachen ein, die ebenfalls mit Eosinophilie einhergehen und differentialdiagnostisch wichtig sind. Das hypergische Infiltrat der Lungen ist ein Syndrom, das durch verschiedene Ursachen hervorgerufen werden kann. Es sei betont, dass bei den symptomenarmen Lungenprozessen in erster Linie an Tuberkulose zu denken ist und erst wenn diese ausgeschlossen werden kann, die anderen diagnostischen Moglichkeiten in Betracht kommen.

Zusammenfassung. Wahrend bei Thrombopenien zahlreiche Blut- mid Knochenmarksuntersuchungen vorliegen, wurden Untersuchungen bei Uberfunktion der Thrombozytopoese kaum durchgefuhrt. Es wird zwischen essentiellen oder primaren und sekundaren Thrombozythamien unterschieden, je nachdem, ob die Plattchenvernehrung den einzigen pathologischen Behind bildet oder aber cine Nebenerscheinung bei einer bekannten Grundkrankheit ist. An Hand von 3 eigenen Beobachtungen wird eine Abgrenzung des Krankheitsbildes versucht. In bezug auf das quantitative Moment Wird nur dann Von einer Thrombozythamie gesprochen, wenn die Plattchen auf das Dreifache (oder mehr) dcr Norm vermchrt sind. Ein Polyzythamie ist klinisch und hamatologisch leicht auszuschliessen Wcnn man nur isolierte Thrombozytenvermehrungen berucksichtigt, ferner auch Weil die Thrombozythamie reVersibel ist und ohne Hypertension Verlauft. Auch gegen eine sog. Megakaryozytenleukamie ist die Abgrenzung leicht, Weil bei der Thrombozythamie der leukamische Umbau des Knochenmarkes und die Megakaryozyten Wucherung in den extramedullaren Organen fehlen; ausserdem fehlt bei der Megakaryozytenleukamie die enorme Plattchenvermehrung im Blut. Gegen die banalen infektiosen Plattchenvermehrungen ist die Abgrenzung an Hand der Plattchenzahl moglich deren Erhohung sich hier meist in bescheideneren Grenzen halt. Ferner fehlt bei infektiosen Thrombozytenvermehrungen, wie wir uns bei vielen Infektionskrankheiten und besonders bei Tuberkulose uberzeugen konnten, die Megakaryozytenvermehrung im Sternalpunktat; vielleicht liegt hier nur eine Uberfunktion der Riesenzellen vor. In unseren drei Fallen konnte im Knochenmarkspunktat eine deutliche Riesenzellvermehrung nachgewiesen Werden, Wobei die reifen Megakaryozyten gegenuber den Megakaryoblasten uberwogen. Eine Beziehung zur Grundkrankheit konnte nur in einem Fall von Bronchialkarzinom mit Knochenmarkmetastasen festgestellt werden, bei dem in der Nachbarschaft der Metastasen im Trochanterpunktat reichlich Riesenzellen zu linden waren. Bei den anderen beiden Kranken (Morbus Boeck und Surrenalismus) konnte eine solche Beziehung nicht aufgedeckt werden. Klinisch kann sich die Thrombozythamie durch Neigung zu Thrombosen bemerkbar machen, so dass sie auch eine praktisch-klinische Bedeutung hat.

Zusammenfassung. In 38 Fallen wurden 41mal gleichzeitig Kulturen aus dem Sternalpunktat und aus dem Venenblut (bei der Leiche aus dem Herzblut) auf Lowenstein'schen Nahrboden angelegt. Es handelte sich dabei um hamatogene Erscheinungsformen der Lungentuberkulose, um extrapulmonale Tuberkulosen, um eine Primarinfektion mit gleichzeitigem Erythema nodosum, um zwei Falle von epitheloid-zelliger Retikuloendotheliose (Morbus Boeck) und um 4 postmortale Kulturen bei ausgedehnter kavernoser Lungentuberkulose. Die Markkultur war nur in einem Fall von metastasierender Miliartuberkulose positiv und der Blutkultur, die intra vitam immer negativ ausfiel, uberlegen. Sternalpunktat und Blut wurden hier wahrend einer pramenstruellen Schubes und der Manifestation einer Nierentuberkulose entnommen. Ein positiver Befund konnte ausserdem in einem Fall von ausgedehnter kavernoser Lungentuberkulose 2 Stunden post mortem erhoben werden, wo sowohl die Mark- als auch die Blutkultur positiv waren. Ein praktisch ins Gewicht fallender Vorteil der Sternalpunktatkultur gegenuber der Blutkultur besteht nach diesen Ergebnissen nicht, eine Anreicherung der Koch-Bazillen im Mark findet, wenn uberhaupt, nur ausserst selten statt. Das Problem der Tuberkelbazillamie erfahrt deshalb in Bezug auf ihre Nachweisbarkeit durch die Markkultur keine anderung.

Zusammenfassung. Es wird an Hand von Untersuchungen an 39 Kranken, von denen viele wiederholt punktiert wurden, uber die diagnostische Verwertbarkeit der Lymphknotenpunktion berichtet. Von den chronischen Drusenprozessen wird besonders die Tuberkulose (21 Falle) eingehend besprochen. Bei akut einschmelzenden Drusentuberkulosen wurden im Punktat im Gegensatz zu den bisher vorliegenden Mitteilungen reichlich neutrophile Leukozyten, sparlichere, aber immer vorhandene Lymphozyten und am Rand der Einschmelzung Epitheloidzellverbande gefunden. Bei chronischen einschmelzenden Drusentuberkulosen herrschen im zellarmen Eiter die Lymphozyten vor. Die chronischen, rein produktiven Drusen-hyperplasien sind durch ihren Epitheloidzellreichtum (seltener Riesenzellen) gekennzeichnet; manchmal findet man in diesen Fallen eine reine einformige lymphozytare Hyperplasie ohne Epitheloidzellen. In den produktiven Fallen mit geringer Einschmelzungstendenz sind neben dem nekrotischen Gewebe reichlich Epitheloidzellverbande und sparlichere Lymphozyten zu beobachten. Aufschlussreich ist die Drusenpunktion auch bei der epitheloidzelligen Retikuloendotheliose (Morbus Besnier-Boeck), bei der reine Epitheloidzellverbande ohne Nekrose und ohne Lymphozyten zu finden sind. Bei dem malignen Lymphogranulom ist die Drusenpunktion ebenfalls eine wertvolle diagnostische Hilfe, das Punktat ist abgesehen von der Zellpolymorphie durch die Sternbergzellen in ihren verschiedenen Entwicklungsstufen gekennzeichnet. Von den akuten Drusenhyperplasien wird die akute nichttuberkulose neutrophile Hyperplasie und das lymphoidzellige Drusenfieber besprochen, die sehr typische Punktatbilder aufweisen. Es ergab sich also, dass die Lymphdrusenpunktion als eine wertvolle diagnostische Hilfsmethode betrachtet werden darf, die in vielen Fallen die Probeexzision ersparen lasst, besonders dann, wenn man genugend Material erhalt und neben dem Ausstrichpraparat auch Schnittpraparate zwecks hstologischer Untersuchung anfertigen kann. Bei den in der vorliegenden Arbeit besprochenen Krankheiten war das Ausstrichpraparat stets schon allein brauchbar und stimmte mit den vergleichsweise angefertigten Schnittpraparaten uberein.

If leisure is defined as free or unobligated time, then leisure is clearly the category of time expenditure that has the greatest potential for making people healthy and happy but it also has the greatest potential for creating problems. Therefore, educating and counselling people on how to make best use of their free time can have a great impact on the physical and mental health of individuals. The intent of this paper is to explain how leisure counselling can be implemented as a therapeutic technique for the benefit of many different types of people. It is also the intent of this paper to provide those who work as counsellors with information about leisure and leisure counselling so that they can help their clients to improve their lives through leisure. Therefore, this paper examines the contributions that both leisure counselling and leisure education can make in promoting maximal physical and psychological well-being, although the main focus is on leisure counselling. The overall conclusion is that e...

History and admission findings A 57-year-old depressive and alcohol-dependent man was admitted because of frequent nausea and vomiting and abdominal complaints after he had ingested 40 ml of a tincture for treating warts. He was under the influence of alcohol, but normally oriented and without contributory findings other than his gastrointestinal complaints and tachypnea. Investigations Transaminases were raised (GOT 1197 U/l, GPT 170 U/l, gammaGT 150 U/l, LDH 2047 U/l), as were creatine phosphokinase (426 U/l) and ferritin (12 200 ng/ml). Platelet count was 36000 mm3, Leucocytes count 11 700/mm (3). Gastroscopy showed marked mucosal necrosis along the entire esophagus and the pulled-up small intestine (state after gastrectomy). Diagnosis, treatment and course The patient became comatose within 5 hours, acidotic, oliguric, required ventilation and went into severe shock. The symptoms and the fact that podophyllin (pod.) was the main agent in the wart preparation confirmed the suspicion of pod. poisoning. Symptomatic and intensive care measures stabilized his critically grave condition. He was extubated on the 7th day after ingestion and on the 10th day was discharged at his own request in a relatively good general state. When he was re-admitted after 4 weeks he was without psychiatric symptoms but deeply depressed, and he had signs of a polyneuropathy in all limbs, typical of pod. toxin poisoning. Conclusion Pod. toxin, a spindle poison, is the toxic agent of pod., the resin from the roots and rhizomes of various Berberis plants. While the potential toxicity of the resin, taken either orally or applied externally, has been long known, the poorly definied raw product is still being added to anti-wart tinctures.

The aim of this paper was to prepare good-quality Ga1-xInxSb ternary layers using MOVPE growth. The quality of the layer surfaces was inspected by atomic force microscopy. The experimental results obtained were compared with the calculated deposition diagrams. The composition of grown ternary layers was determined using x-ray microanalysis. Dependence of the solid-phase composition on the gaseous-phase composition in the ternary system was compared with the calculated results on the bases of the thermodynamic model. It is well known that chemical thermodynamics is a very useful tool in modelling and optimization of CVD processes and a number of studies dealing with the thermodynamics of MOVPE of AIIIBV semiconductors has been published in the literature (for example, Jordan A S 1995 J. Electron. Mater. 24 1649, Li J, Zhang W, Li C and Du Z 1999 J. Cryst. Growth 207 20, Koukitu A, Kumagai Y and Seki H 2000 Phys. Status Solidi/ a 180 115 and Lu D C and Duan S 2000 J. Cryst. Growth 208 73). On the basis of the concept of local equilibrium between the growing layer and the gaseous phase in close vicinity it is possible to identify stable condensed phases and predict their composition.

Oxidation reactions during plasma spraying of metallic powders give rise to oxide crusts on powder particle surfaces. The first oxidation stage occurs in flight of molten particles. It is usually followed by the second stage after hitting a substrate. To investigate the oxidation products immediately after the first stage, abrupt stopping of in-flight oxidation is possible by trapping and quenching the flying particles in liquid nitrogen. In oxide crusts on plasma sprayed and liquid nitrogen quenched particles of a Fe-12%Cr alloy, two spinel oxides were indicated by Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Both are solid solutions of the type Fe3O4 - Cr3O4 (i.e., Fe3−x Cr x O4, 0 ≤x ≤ 3). One of the oxides, tetragonally distorted spinel, is characterized by the mean value ofx ≈ 2.3. It is only stable at very high temperatures. The other spinel oxide is cubic withx slightly lower than 2, i.e. almost stoichiometric chromite FeCr2O4. From thermodynamic considerations it follows that in the Fe3O4 - Cr3O4 system there is no miscibility gap at high temperatures. The simultaneous existence of both oxides is probably due to non-equilibrium conditions during liquid nitrogen quenching of trapped particles.

During plasma spraying of metals in air, rapid-oxidation reactions occur, inmost cases. In oxidation products of Cr-rich steels, Fe–Cr spineloxide is often found as a dominant oxide phase. A thermodynamic analysisof a system composed of Fe–13%Cr alloy and water vapor or air showedthat the oxidation product in a wide range of high temperatures isFe3-wCrwO4 (w>2). This tetragonallydistorted spinel oxide is not stable at room temperature. Water vapor andair were considered as limits of the gaseous-phase composition inatmospheric spraying by a water-stabilized plasma gun, where the compositionof the plasma plume is modified by air entrainment. The equilibriumcalculations enabled determination of the effects of temperature andgas-to-solid ratio on w. To show the existence of chromium-rich,tetragonally distorted spinel oxide experimentally, a typical productresulting from oxidation of 13%Cr–steel particles during their flightin the plasma plume was studied after rapid solidific ation. This was madepossible by trapping and quenching the flying particles in liquid nitrogenat a distance from the plasma-gun nozzle corresponding to thenozzle–substrate distance in conventional plasma spraying. The resultsobtained by X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and X-rayfluorescence analysis showed that this oxide, in which w≈2.4, constitutedthe dominant phase in the oxidation product.

A nonstoichiometric method is proposed for calculating ternary or pseudoternary phase diagrams, in which only stoichiometric phases are considered. The simplex method is used for determination of stable triplets of phases (compatibility triangles). These stable triplets of phases and their tie-lines form a relevant phase diagram. This method, which is an alternative to the stoichiometric tie-line construction, is reliable and the numerical process is very fast.

This article advocates the concept of intergenerational tourism as a means of promoting peace, and provides a specific example of this concept put into practice. During the spring 1998 semester, Israel Arab and Jewish elders, together with Jewish and Arab college students, and Arab girls aged 12 and 13 joined together to participate in a programme of recreational activities which included a variety of games and other activities. Pre-test questionnaires were administered to control and experimental groups in February, and again in June. The results of the research indicate that the programme had a significantly positive effect on the attitudes of Arabs and Jews towards each other. The Jewish elders in the programme displayed a significant readiness to invite Arabs to their home, and decrease in hatred towards Arabs. The attitudes of the Arab elders toward Jews also showed lower hatred towards Jews. This study provides evidence that a programme of ‘intergenerational tourism’ of this nature can indeed have p...

The solubility of nickel and cobalt oxides in ZnO nanoparticles was explored using the equilibrium thermodynamic approach. The equilibrium conditions were derived for the binary system ZnO–TMO (TM = Ni or Co) consists of two different spherical nanoparticles, one comprising the wurtzite (Zn1−x TM x )O(wz) solid solution and the second the rocksalt (TM1−x Zn x )O(rs) solid solutions. Thermodynamic parameters for both phases were evaluated from bulk phase diagrams and the surface energy terms were included. Calculations of phase boundaries between the wurtzite and the rocksalt solid solutions reveal significant rise of the TM content in wurtzite phase. At the same time, the solubility of ZnO in rocksalt phase decreases. This behavior is more obvious for nanoparticles less than 5 nm in diameter and becomes more evident with increasing temperature. These results are in qualitative agreement with published experimental data.

Nerve injury leads to Aβ-fibre-mediated mechanical allodynia that is in part due to an impaired GABAergic inhibition in the spinal cord dorsal horn. The properties and function of GABAergic neurons in spinal cord lamina III, an area where low-threshold mechanosensitive Aβ-fibres terminate are, however, largely unknown.We used transgenic mice, which express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under control of the promoter GAD67. The morphology and neurochemical characteristics of GABAergic, EGFP-expressing neurons were characterized. We assessed active and passive membrane properties of spinal lamina III GABAergic neurons in naïve animals and animals with a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve.EGFP-expressing neurons in lamina III were predominantly islet cells (47%), whereas non-EGFP-expressing neurons were largely inverted stalked cells (40%). EGFP-expressing neurons accounted for about 25% of GABAergic neurons in lamina III. Forty-four percent co-expressed glycine, 10% neuronal nitric oxide synthase and 3% co-expressed parvalbumin. We found costaining with protein kinase CβII in 42% of EGFP-expressing neurons but no expression of protein kinase Cγ. Membrane properties and excitability of EGFP-and non-EGFP-expressing neurons from naïve and neuropathic animals were indistinguishable. The most frequent firing pattern was tonic firing (naïve: 35%, neuropathic: 37%) followed by gap firing (naïve: 33%, neuropathic: 25%). Delayed, initial burst and single-spike firing patterns made up the remainder in both groups.A change in membrane excitability or discharge pattern of this group of lamina III GABAergic neurons is unlikely the cause for mechanical allodynia in animals with CCI.

For the double oxides and other related double AxByCz compounds in the system AC-BC, linear correlations have been observed between standard enthalpies of formation of the double compounds AxByCz from the component compounds AC and BC (ΔH0f,cc in kJ (g-atom)−1 and values of the sum of the molar fraction enthalpies of the component compounds AC and BC ( Δ H 0 f = x AC ΔH 0 f ( BC ) , in kJ (g-atom)−1. In general, the dependence of H 0 f,cc = f (Δ H 0 f ) has a minimum, its branches being described with the help of linear equations (the average deviation from the known ΔH0f,cc values was less than ± 4.7% for 121 double compounds in 34 systems). A conclusion has been drawn that these regularities (linear approximation rule — LAR) are characteristic for different types of inorganic double compound.

This work contributes to the growth of bulk crystals where crystals are grown from a molten-solution zone (MSZ). Our original modifications ofTHM have been used for a crystallization of GaSb and of (Ga.In)Sb—the ternary Solid Solution (TSS). The crystallization process has been accelerated with a low frequency and low energy vibrational stirring (VS). Lately, the stirring has been combined with the magneto-hydrodynamical stirring (MHD-S) and applied on GaSb. The lattice parameter ‘a’ ofTSS crystals has been constant throughout the significant part of the ingot length. This approach has permitted the growth of these crystalline ingots with ‘a’ apriori chosen and calculated—having the deviation from its constancy less than 0.03% (0.2 pm) with a 75 mm length. Crystals can have a mosaic structure at this stage.

An extensive survey of phase equilibria and thermodynamic data (ΔH, S, Cp, ΔG) on solid and liquid phases is presented for GaSb, SGa and SSb subsystems which includes tables of the limiting activity coefficients. The construction method for chemical potential diagrams has been applied in the form of log[at]a(Ga)/a(Sb)] versus log[P(S2)/bar plots, the usefulness of which is discussed. The ternary phase diagram has been estimated. Using minimization of Gibbs energy the equilibrium composition of coexisting phases in the SGaSb system has been evaluated regarding the determination of the maximum level of sulphur doping in GaSb single crystals grown by the Czochralski technique without encapsulant. The calculated concentration of dissolved sulphur in GaSb solid was 1016–1017 atoms per cm3, which is in good agreement with the experimentally measured values of about 1017 atoms per cm3. After exceeding about 1.5 × 1018 atoms per cm3 in the melt, the second phase (Ga2S) started to separate spontaneously.

The Ga-Sb-S-H system was thermodynamically treated in order to estimate the maximum level of sulphur doping in GaSb single crystals grown by the Czochralski technique without encapsulant in a flowing atmosphere of hydrogen, the growth rate being 1.2 cm h-1. The calculated concentration of dissolved sulphur in GaSb solid was 1016-1017 atoms/cm3, which is in good agreement with the experimentally measured values of about 1017 atoms/cm3 in the GaSb single crystals. After exceeding approximately 1.5*1018 atoms/cm3 in the melt, the second phase (Ga2S) started to separate spontaneously in the melt; the single-crystalline growth was impaired and became either polycrystalline or twin-like.

caused by the actinobacterium Tropheryma whipplei. The diagnosis is confirmed by demonstration of macrophages staining positive in the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction in histological biopsy sections, but cannot be made on the basis of the macroscopic appearance during endoscopy [1,2]. We report the in vivo findings typical of Whipple’s disease at the single cell level, captured by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) in the duodenal mucosa of a 69-year-old woman with confirmed Whipple’s disease. Macroscopically, edematous duodenal villi were seen, diffusely patterned with small whitish dots (●" Fig. 1). Endomicroscopy showed massive capillary leak and a thickened epithelial layer, both unspecific signs of inflammation (●" Fig. 2). Going into depth, several grouped cells (B in●" Fig. 3) appeared within the lamina propria, clearly distinguishable from single goblet cells (A in●" Fig. 3) in the surroundings. Biopsies were taken from the locations observed by CLE. Directly linking in vivo findings to histological sections, we were able to identify the grouped cells as foamy macrophages which showed PAS-positive staining properties (●" Fig. 4), characteristic of Whipple’s disease. Zambelli et al. already reported CLE findings in Whipple’s disease in 2008 [3]. While their case report mainly focused on tissue patterns, we were able to obtain CLE images at the single cell level, which may be partly attributed to improvements that have taken place in the meantime in the visual properties of the CLE technique. The identification of foamy macrophages within the lamina propria in vivo underlines the uniqueness of CLE, which depicts directly gastrointestinal pathologies that could formerly be evaluated only on the basis of biopsy results.