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1. The present status of the VIRGO Central Interferometer*

Author

E. Turri, Giancarlo Cella, D. Passuello, S. Mataguez, C. N. Man, J. Y. Vinet, F. Garufi, F. Fidecaro, R. De Rosa, Fausto Acernese, A. Errico, G. M. Guidi, C. Bradaschia, M. De Rosa, H. Trinquet, Thierry Pradier, Sergio Cavaliere, Ettore Majorana, J. C. Lacotte, O. Veziant, Ruggero Stanga, B. Lagrange, H. Fang, G. Giordano, Fabrizio Barone, A. Eleuteri, C. Girard, G. Gennaro, P. Tourrenc, G. Calamai, Rosa Poggiani, P. Marin, C. Eder, T. Regimbau, R. Chiche, L. Milano, Alban Remillieux, J. P. Scheidecker, D. Verkindt, E. Cuoco, P. Mugnier, L. Fournier, François Bondu, R. Hermel, S. Braccini, P. Rivoirard, S. Cuzon, J. Ramonet, F. Frasconi, M. Taurigna, G. Losurdo, Ketevan Qipiani, Salvatore Solimeno, C. Palomba, L. Di Fiore, A. Giazotto, R. Flaminio, I. Ferrante, M. Iannarelli, R. Passaquieti, D. Babusci, A. Pasqualetti, L. Giacobone, J. M. Teuler, L. Nicolosi, V Dattilo, H. Vocca, F. Martelli, R. Taddei, R. Cavalieri, B. Mansoux, C. Michel, A. Brillet, M. Loupias, F. Cavalier, M. Varvella, R. Sottile, J. M. Innocent, A. Masserot, F. Ricci, Luisa Bracci, O. Lodygenski, F. Richard, J.-P. Coulon, V. Brisson, L. Fabbroni, F. Cleva, R. Bilhaut, M. Barsuglia, J.-D. Fournier, Zhenyu Zhang, L. Holloway, C. Bourgoin, V. Loriette, J. C. Marrucho, F. Vetrano, Samuele Cortese, C. Casciano, F. Chollet, J.-M. Mackowski, L. Massonnet, Ph. Heusse, F. Paoletti, P. N. Y. David, J. L. Montorio, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, A. Di Virgilio, M. Perciballi, M. A. Bizouard, A. Reboux, P. Canitrot, N. Arnaud, D. Dufournaud, Enrico Calloni, P. Puppo, Maurizio Ripepe, D. Boget, P. Rapagnani, J. P. Roger, A. Bozzi, P. La Penna, Claude Boccara, Gianpaolo Evangelista, B. Lieunard, José Pacheco, A. Viceré, Roberto Cecchi, M. Mazzoni, E. Jules, G. Ballardin, M. Dehamme, P. Dominici, D. Buskulic, Luca Gammaitoni, J. Cachenaut, S. Frasca, M. Davier, V. Reita, P. Ganau, P. Amico, P. Popolizio, Thomas Cokelaer, M. Yvert, B. Mours, M. Punturo, M. Mencik, L. Pinard, F. Bellachia, M. Gaspard, Angela Delli Paoli, Ciro Cattuto, C. Arnault, N. Morgado, J. L. Beney, M. Leliboux, H. Heitmann, T. Lomtadze, F. Marion, B. Caron, D. Enard, F., Acernese, P., Amico, N., Arnaud, C., Arnault, D., Babusci, G., Ballardin, F., Barone, M., Barsuglia, F., Bellachia, J. L., Beney, R., Bilhaut, M. A., Bizouard, C., Boccara, D., Boget, F., Bondu, C., Bourgoin, A., Bozzi, L., Bracci, S., Braccini, C., Bradaschia, A., Brillet, V., Brisson, D., Buskulic, J., Cachenaut, G., Calamai, Calloni, Enrico, P., Canitrot, B., Caron, C., Casciano, C., Cattuto, F., Cavalier, S., Cavaliere, R., Cavalieri, R., Cecchi, G., Cella, R., Chiche, F., Chollet, F., Cleva, T., Cokelaer, S., Cortese, J. P., Coulon, E., Cuoco, S., Cuzon, V., Dattilo, P. Y., David, M., Davier, M., DE ROSA, DE ROSA, Rosario, M., Dehamme, L., DI FIORE, A., DI VIRGILIO, P., Dominici, D., Dufournaud, C., Eder, A., Eleuteri, D., Enard, A., Errico, G., Evangelista, L., Fabbroni, H., Fang, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, R., Flaminio, J. D., Fournier, L., Fournier, S., Frasca, F., Frasconi, L., Gammaitoni, P., Ganau, Garufi, Fabio, M., Gaspard, G., Gennaro, L., Giacobone, A., Giazotto, G., Giordano, C., Girard, G., Guidi, H., Heitmann, P., Hello, R., Hermel, P., Heusse, L., Holloway, M., Iannarelli, J. M., Innocent, E., Jule, P., LA PENNA, J. C., Lacotte, B., Lagrange, M., Leliboux, B., Lieunard, O., Lodygensky, T., Lomtadze, V., Loriette, G., Losurdo, M., Loupia, J. M., Mackowski, E., Majorana, C. N., Man, B., Mansoux, F., Marchesoni, P., Marin, F., Marion, J. C., Marrucho, F., Martelli, A., Masserot, L., Massonnet, S., Mataguez, M., Mazzoni, M., Mencik, C., Michel, Milano, Leopoldo, J. L., Montorio, N., Morgado, B., Mour, P., Mugnier, L., Nicolosi, J., Pacheco, C., Palomba, F., Paoletti, A., Paoli, A., Pasqualetti, R., Passaquieti, D., Passuello, M., Perciballi, L., Pinard, R., Poggiani, P., Popolizio, T., Pradier, M., Punturo, P., Puppo, K., Qipiani, J., Ramonet, P., Rapagnani, A., Reboux, T., Regimbau, V., Reita, A., Remillieux, F., Ricci, F., Richard, M., Ripepe, P., Rivoirard, J. P., Roger, J. P., Scheidecker, Solimeno, Salvatore, R., Sottile, R., Stanga, R., Taddei, M., Taurigna, J. M., Teuler, P., Tourrenc, H., Trinquet, E., Turri, M., Varvella, D., Verkindt, F., Vetrano, O., Veziant, A., Vicere, J. Y., Vinet, H., Vocca, M., Yvert, and Z., Zhang

Subjects
Physics, Interferometry, Detection of gravitational waves, Gravitational wave detectors and experiments, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Debugging, Onde gravitazionali, interferometri, astrofisica, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Astronomy, Antenna (radio), gravitational wave, media_common
Abstract

The VIRGO Central Interferometer (CITF) is a short suspended interferometer operated with the central area elements of the VIRGO detector. The main motivation behind the CITF is to allow the integration and debugging of a large part of the subsystems of VIRGO while the construction of the long arms of the antenna is being completed. This will permit a faster commissioning of the full-size antenna. In fact, almost all the main components of the CITF, with the exception of the large mirrors and a few other details, are the same as those to be used for the full-size detector. In this paper the present status of the VIRGO CITF is reported.

Published
2002
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2. Virgo: a laser interferometer to detect gravitational waves

Author

Tjeerd Ketel, Antonio Eleuteri, M. Parisi, R. Passaquieti, L. Di Fiore, B. Mours, A. Królak, M. Blom, F. Beauville, K. G. Arun, G. A. Prodi, R. DeSalvo, M. Barsuglia, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Gianluca Persichetti, V. Granata, Julien Moreau, B. Mansoux, D. Verkindt, G. Losurdo, Anna Dari, M. Doets, B. Canuel, F. Piergiovanni, G. Ballardin, T Maiani, L. Giacobone, Y. Minenkov, M. Pietka, Patrice Hello, E. Turri, X Grave, R. Morand, L. Bonelli, M. Davier, G. Pagliaroli, I. Maksimovic, J. Marque, R. L. Ward, R. Hermel, G. Hemming, A. Masserot, Marco G. Tarallo, F. Vetrano, M. A. Mazzoni, L. Journet, O Lodygensky, J. P. Zendri, F. Nocera, G. Vedovato, V. Loriette, G. Barrand, P. N. Y. David, István Rácz, D. Boget, Ludovico Carbone, P. Popolizio, C Drezen, D. Passuello, C. Palomba, V Reita, Piotr Jaranowski, J.-M. Mackowski, Antoine Heidmann, Lisa Barsotti, Riccardo Sturani, Shourov Chatterji, Sofiane Aoudia, C. Arnault, Fausto Acernese, Andreas Freise, A. Di Virgilio, A. Giazotto, F. Mul, Alessandra Toncelli, G. Parguez, L. Brocco, Claude Boccara, J-Y. Vinet, I. Ferrante, S. Hamdani, R. Sottile, F. Cleva, M. Mantovani, Samuele Cortese, C Garnier, M. Lorenzini, V. Dattilo, S. D'Antonio, T. Bouedo, F. Travasso, R. Gouaty, Michał Bejger, Alessandra Corsi, L. Giordano, Mauro Tonelli, L. A. Forte, A. Dietz, M. Alshourbagy, M. Granata, L. Derome, L. Fabbroni, E. Genin, G. Cella, R. Bilhaut, L. Taffarello, A. Grado, J. L. Beney, B Dujardin, V. Fafone, R. Del Fabbro, M. Punturo, Andrea Chincarini, G. Gemme, M. Drago, P. Amico, P. Ganau, M. Galimberti, P. La Penna, F. Raffaelli, Eric Hennes, A. Pasqualetti, M. G. Beker, S. Petit, M. Pichot, Enrico Calloni, N. Liguori, L. Salconi, O. Veziant, V. Re, Guido Russo, Mirko Prato, C. Bradaschia, M. Dehamme, G. De Carolis, P. Dominici, L Matone, L. Holloway, F. Antonucci, Saverio Avino, O. Francois, A. Chiummo, Luca Gammaitoni, A. Paoli, F. Moreau, N. Leroy, B. L. Swinkels, F. Marion, F. Ricci, B. Dulach, D. Sentenac, G. Debreczeni, B. Lagrange, P. Puppo, Maurizio Ripepe, R. Paoletti, M. Loupias, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, E. Chassande-Mottin, S. Kreckelbergh, M. E. Gáspár, B. Lieunard, V. Moscatelli, K. Yamamoto, A. Brillet, M. Del Prete, Igor Neri, N. Letendre, L. Bosi, B. Bouhou, L. Pinard, C. Girard, T. Accadia, L. Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, M Laval, H Voet, F. Richard, P. Astone, M. Perciballi, Tania Regimbau, S. Frasca, M. Branchesi, R. Cavalieri, H. J. Bulten, L. Massonnet, L. Palladino, R. De Rosa, V. Malvezzi, A. Colla, A. Morgia, F. Frasconi, A. Basti, J. F. J. van den Brand, R. Flaminio, S. Birindelli, Tenglin Li, Archana Pai, F. Paoletti, P. Ruggi, S. Mancini, M. Iannarelli, S. Braccini, M. Tacca, D. Babusci, J.-P. Coulon, D. Jehanno, B. Sassolas, J. C. Lacotte, A Dominjon, L. Sperandio, A. C. Clapson, G. Conforto, F. Garufi, A. Viceré, H Groenstege, Andrea Gaddi, J.-D. Fournier, L. Rolland, Fabrizio Barone, C. Buy, I. Kowalska, Marie-Anne Bizouard, M. Bebronne, J. Franc, C. Michel, N. Morgado, J. C. Le Marec, V Sannibale, J. Colas, Ettore Majorana, G. Gennaro, P. Marin, M. Yvert, A. Rocchi, C. Eder, E. Campagna, P. Roudier, Fabio Marchesoni, R. Taddei, N. Arnaud, G. Daguin, J. L. Montorio, I. Fiori, R Pignard, R. Day, V. Boschi, Luisa Bracci, Roberto Cecchi, Tristan Briant, P. Rapagnani, M. Mohan, N. Man, S. Hebri, Nelson Christensen, A Remilleux, E. Tournefier, F. Cavalier, Matthew Evans, Stefano Bigotta, Ketevan Qipiani, C. Magazzù, Silvio Pardi, O. Torre, O. Rabaste, Leopoldo Milano, C. Tremola, M. Bitossi, A. Di Lieto, A. Reboux, E. Cuoco, S. Rapisarda, T. Pradier, D. Rosińska, M. Vasúth, Salvatore Solimeno, D. Enard, Elena Cesarini, B. Lopez, J. F. Hayau, E. Coccia, F. Robinet, G. Calamai, C. N. Colacino, Joseph M. Kovalik, V. Brisson, G. Matone, C. Van Den Broeck, B. Perniola, M. Was, Ruggero Stanga, S Tissot, Maria Grazia Bernardini, Ph Heusse, D. Buskulic, Zhenyu Zhang, C. Greverie, Rosa Poggiani, R. Chiche, H. Vocca, S. Karkar, A. Gennai, P. Mugnier, Simona Mosca, M. Vavoulidis, S. Vilalte, S. Van Der Putten, Tomasz Bulik, L. Fournier, Th. S. Bauer, François Bondu, G. Giordano, M. Colombini, Francesco Cottone, F. Bellachia, G. Vajente, D. Forest, A. Belletoile, W. Del Pozzo, P. F. Cohadon, H. Heitmann, D. S. Rabeling, Rocco Romano, M. Dialinas, F. Menzinger, Iolanda Ricciardi, F. Carbognani, M. Di Paolo Emilio, A. Bozzi, D. Huet, H Fang, R. Bonnand, E Pacaud, F. Martelli, S Mitra, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules ( LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France ( PCC ), Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), APC - Gravitation ( APC-Gravitation ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Max-Planck-Institut-Max-Planck-Institut, T., Accadia, F., Acernese, M., Alshourbagy, P., Amico, F., Antonucci, S., Aoudia, N., Arnaud, C., Arnault, K. G., Arun, P., Astone, S., Avino, D., Babusci, G., Ballardin, F., Barone, G., Barrand, L., Barsotti, M., Barsuglia, A., Basti, Th S., Bauer, F., Beauville, M., Bebronne, M., Bejger, M. G., Beker, F., Bellachia, A., Belletoile, J. L., Beney, M., Bernardini, S., Bigotta, R., Bilhaut, S., Birindelli, M., Bitossi, M. A., Bizouard, M., Blom, C., Boccara, D., Boget, F., Bondu, L., Bonelli, R., Bonnand, V., Boschi, L., Bosi, T., Bouedo, B., Bouhou, A., Bozzi, L., Bracci, S., Braccini, C., Bradaschia, M., Branchesi, T., Briant, A., Brillet, V., Brisson, L., Brocco, T., Bulik, H. J., Bulten, D., Buskulic, C., Buy, G., Cagnoli, G., Calamai, Calloni, Enrico, E., Campagna, B., Canuel, F., Carbognani, L., Carbone, F., Cavalier, R., Cavalieri, R., Cecchi, G., Cella, E., Cesarini, E., Chassande Mottin, S., Chatterji, R., Chiche, A., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, N., Christensen, A. C., Clapson, F., Cleva, E., Coccia, P. F., Cohadon, C. N., Colacino, J., Cola, A., Colla, M., Colombini, G., Conforto, A., Corsi, S., Cortese, F., Cottone, J. P., Coulon, E., Cuoco, S., D'Antonio, G., Daguin, A., Dari, V., Dattilo, P. Y., David, M., Davier, R., Day, G., Debreczeni, G., De Caroli, M., Dehamme, R., Del Fabbro, W., Del Pozzo, M., del Prete, L., Derome, DE ROSA, Rosario, R., Desalvo, M., Dialina, L., Di Fiore, A., Di Lieto, M., Di Paolo Emilio, A., Di Virgilio, A., Dietz, M., Doet, P., Dominici, A., Dominjon, M., Drago, C., Drezen, B., Dujardin, B., Dulach, C., Eder, A., Eleuteri, D., Enard, M., Evan, L., Fabbroni, V., Fafone, H., Fang, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, I., Fiori, R., Flaminio, D., Forest, Forte, LUCA ANTONIO, J. D., Fournier, L., Fournier, J., Franc, O., Francoi, S., Frasca, F., Frasconi, A., Freise, A., Gaddi, M., Galimberti, L., Gammaitoni, P., Ganau, C., Garnier, Garufi, Fabio, M. E., Gáspár, G., Gemme, E., Genin, A., Gennai, G., Gennaro, L., Giacobone, A., Giazotto, G., Giordano, L., Giordano, C., Girard, R., Gouaty, A., Grado, M., Granata, V., Granata, X., Grave, C., Greverie, H., Groenstege, G. M., Guidi, S., Hamdani, J. F., Hayau, S., Hebri, A., Heidmann, H., Heitmann, P., Hello, G., Hemming, E., Henne, R., Hermel, P., Heusse, L., Holloway, D., Huet, M., Iannarelli, P., Jaranowski, D., Jehanno, L., Journet, S., Karkar, T., Ketel, H., Voet, J., Kovalik, I., Kowalska, S., Kreckelbergh, A., Krolak, J. C., Lacotte, B., Lagrange, P., La Penna, M., Laval, J. C., Le Marec, N., Leroy, N., Letendre, T. G. F., Li, B., Lieunard, N., Liguori, O., Lodygensky, B., Lopez, M., Lorenzini, V., Loriette, G., Losurdo, M., Loupia, J. M., Mackowski, T., Maiani, E., Majorana, C., Magazzù, I., Maksimovic, V., Malvezzi, N., Man, S., Mancini, B., Mansoux, M., Mantovani, F., Marchesoni, F., Marion, P., Marin, J., Marque, F., Martelli, A., Masserot, L., Massonnet, G., Matone, L., Matone, M., Mazzoni, F., Menzinger, C., Michel, Milano, Leopoldo, Y., Minenkov, S., Mitra, M., Mohan, J. L., Montorio, R., Morand, F., Moreau, J., Moreau, N., Morgado, A., Morgia, S., Mosca, V., Moscatelli, B., Mour, P., Mugnier, F. A., Mul, L., Naticchioni, I., Neri, F., Nocera, E., Pacaud, G., Pagliaroli, A., Pai, L., Palladino, C., Palomba, F., Paoletti, R., Paoletti, A., Paoli, S., Pardi, G., Parguez, M., Parisi, A., Pasqualetti, R., Passaquieti, D., Passuello, M., Perciballi, B., Perniola, G., Persichetti, S., Petit, M., Pichot, F., Piergiovanni, M., Pietka, R., Pignard, L., Pinard, R., Poggiani, P., Popolizio, T., Pradier, M., Prato, G. A., Prodi, M., Punturo, P., Puppo, K., Qipiani, O., Rabaste, D. S., Rabeling, I., Rácz, F., Raffaelli, P., Rapagnani, S., Rapisarda, V., Re, A., Reboux, T., Regimbau, V., Reita, A., Remilleux, F., Ricci, I., Ricciardi, F., Richard, M., Ripepe, F., Robinet, A., Rocchi, L., Rolland, R., Romano, D., Rosińska, P., Roudier, P., Ruggi, Russo, Guido, L., Salconi, V., Sannibale, B., Sassola, D., Sentenac, S., Solimeno, R., Sottile, L., Sperandio, R., Stanga, R., Sturani, B., Swinkel, M., Tacca, R., Taddei, L., Taffarello, M., Tarallo, S., Tissot, A., Toncelli, M., Tonelli, O., Torre, E., Tournefier, F., Travasso, C., Tremola, E., Turri, G., Vajente, J. F. J., van den Brand, C., Van Den Broeck, S., van der Putten, M., Vasuth, M., Vavoulidi, G., Vedovato, D., Verkindt, F., Vetrano, O., Véziant, A., Viceré, J. Y., Vinet, S., Vilalte, S., Vitale, H., Vocca, R. L., Ward, M., Wa, K., Yamamoto, M., Yvert, J. P., Zendri, Z., Zhang, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), (Astro)-Particles Physics, Mathematical Analysis, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Subjects
Gravitational-wave observatory, PROTOTYPE, 01 natural sciences, SCATTERED-LIGHT NOISE, law.invention, Detection of gravitational wave, interferometers, law, Instrumentation, gravitational wave, Mathematical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, SEISMIC NOISE, Detector, SUPER ATTENUATOR, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, [ SDU.ASTR.IM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Interferometry, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 1ST, SUSPENSION, Gravitational waves, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Optics, Suspensions, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Detection theory, Gravitational Waves, Interferometric Detector, Electronics, 010306 general physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Lasers, Michelson interferometer, PERFORMANCE, Antennas, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [ PHYS.ASTR.IM ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Sensitivity (electronics), SHOT-NOISE, SYSTEM, PENDULUM
Abstract

This paper presents a complete description of Virgo, the French-Italian gravitational wave detector. The detector, built at Cascina, near Pisa (Italy), is a very large Michelson interferometer, with 3 km-long arms. In this paper, following a presentation of the physics requirements, leading to the specifications for the construction of the detector, a detailed description of all its different elements is given. These include civil engineering infrastructures, a huge ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber (about 6000 cubic metres), all of the optical components, including high quality mirrors and their seismic isolating suspensions, all of the electronics required to control the interferometer and for signal detection. The expected performances of these different elements are given, leading to an overall sensitivity curve as a function of the incoming gravitational wave frequency. This description represents the detector as built and used in the first data-taking runs. Improvements in different parts have been and continue to be performed, leading to better sensitivities. These will be detailed in a forthcoming paper. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Published
2012
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3. Data analysis methods for non-Gaussian, nonstationary and nonlinear features and their application to VIRGO

Author

N. Morgado, D. Enard, M. Yvert, F. Travasso, P. Amico, P. La Penna, Thomas Cokelaer, Frédérique Marion, F. Richard, Elena Cuoco, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, G. Ballardin, R. Hermel, F. Nenci, C. Boccara, D. Verkindt, C. Casciano, Regis Barille, F. Mornet, F. Paoletti, J. L. Montorio, R. Taddei, M. A. Bizouard, F. Martelli, S Peruzzi, Gianpaolo Evangelista, B. Lieunard, R. Passaquieti, J. M. Teuler, L. Pinard, F. Frasconi, R. Flaminio, D. Passuello, J. P. Roger, E. Turri, C. Michel, F. Bellachia, D. Forest, B. Mours, M. Leliboux, R. Cavalieri, F. Honglie, Angela Delli Paoli, Ciro Cattuto, E. Tournefier, Leopoldo Milano, J. Cachenaut, P. Ganau, H. Heitmann, P. Dominici, Irene Fiori, J. Moreau, V. Brisson, M. Davier, V. Reita, S. Krecklbergh, J.-P. Coulon, L. Holloway, Samuele Cortese, Ph. Heusse, A. Di Virgilio, N. Arnaud, J.-D. Fournier, P. Rapagnani, S Puccinelli, A. Brillet, Ruggero Stanga, V Dattilo, B. Perniola, G. Calamai, C. Girard, A. Bozzi, M. Punturo, G Gougoulat, M. De Rosa, G. Gennaro, M. Barsuglia, Rosa Poggiani, H. Trinquet, S. Vilalte, A. Masserot, S. Braccini, Fabrizio Barone, P. Puppo, F. Cleva, G. Losurdo, Sergio Cavaliere, G. Giordano, A. Gennai, B. Dujardin, M. Perciballi, L. Di Fiore, C. Bourgoin, F. Menzinger, L. Massonnet, P. Popolizio, A. Eleuteri, A. Giazotto, I. Ferrante, Alban Remillieux, L. Giacobone, A. Viceré, T. Lomtadze, E. Campagna, A. Pai, C. N. Man, L. Journet, J. Y. Vinet, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, P. Mugnier, L. Fournier, M. Iannarelli, F. Chollet, J.-M. Mackowski, F. Moreau, M. Loupias, François Bondu, F. Ricci, R. De Rosa, Enrico Calloni, Fausto Acernese, F. Cavalier, C. Bradaschia, Edward K. Porter, V. Loriette, P. Ruggi, José Pacheco, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Ettore Majorana, Luca Gammaitoni, S. Frasca, A. Pasqualetti, Ketevan Qipiani, E. Chassande-Mottin, L Paoli, D. Boget, D. Buskulic, Zhenyu Zhang, L. Brocco, G. Conforto, O. Veziant, B. Lagrange, F. Beauville, Salvatore Solimeno, D. Babusci, F. Vetrano, P. N. Y. David, M. Varvella, C. Palomba, S. Mataguez, G. Cella, M. Mazzoni, J. Ramonet, and H. Vocca

Subjects
Data Analysis, Physics, Gravitational wave detectors and experiments, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Gaussian, Full scale, Astrophysics, Characterization (materials science), Nonlinear system, Interferometry, symbols.namesake, Data analysis, symbols, Algorithm
Abstract

The commissioning of the VIRGO central interferometer occasioned the implementation and tests of various algorithms for the characterization of the non-Gaussianity, non-stationarity and non-linearity of the dark fringe data. This library of prototypes will serve as groundwork for the near commissioning of VIRGO (full scale). We make a summary of the activities on that subject including the description of the selected algorithms and some results obtained with the data of the engineering runs.

Published
2003
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4. Last stage control and mechanical transfer function measurement of the VIRGO suspensions

Author

R. De Rosa, G. Ballardin, R. Hermel, R. Cavalieri, Gianpaolo Evangelista, R. Passaquieti, B. Lieunard, J.-P. Coulon, A. Giazotto, J.-D. Fournier, M. Davier, I. Ferrante, J. Ramonet, C. Arnault, A. Di Virgilio, Luca Gammaitoni, L. Pinard, F. Bellachia, M. Leliboux, C. Girard, M. Loupias, F. Vetrano, C. Palomba, S. Frasca, P. N. Y. David, M. Varella, Angela Delli Paoli, Ciro Cattuto, C. N. Man, J. Y. Vinet, H. Vocca, F. Martelli, Marina Mazzoni, Claude Boccara, Zhenyu Zhang, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, P. Puppo, Maurizio Ripepe, F. Richard, H. Heitmann, M. Mencik, L. Giacobone, F. Paoletti, José Pacheco, A. Bozzi, F. Garufi, F. Ricci, J. C. Lacotte, S. Mataguez, L. Di Fiore, Roberto Cecchi, M. Iannarelli, N. Morgado, M. Barsuglia, Rosa Poggiani, R. Chiche, D. Buskulic, E. Jules, Teimuraz Lomtadze, H. Fang, F. Chollet, J.-M. Mackowski, R. Sottile, B. Mours, M. Punturo, F. Cavalier, G. Cella, Sergio Cavaliere, B. Mansoux, A. Masserot, J. M. Innocent, Thierry Pradier, A. Eleuteri, V. Loriette, J. P. Scheidecker, D. Enard, M. Perciballi, O. Veziant, G. Gennaro, P. Marin, C. Eder, M. Yvert, L. Massonnet, Ketevan Qipiani, Ruggero Stanga, J. L. Montorio, E. Cuoco, B. Lagrange, R. Bilhaut, L. Holloway, D. Passuello, J. L. Beney, F. Marion, M. A. Bizouard, B. Caron, M. Gaspard, A. Viceré, P. Amico, P. La Penna, A. Reboux, Thomas Cokelaer, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, D. Boget, J. P. Roger, M. De Rosa, Fabrizio Barone, R. Taddei, H. Trinquet, Salvatore Solimeno, G. Giordano, P. Ganau, D. Babusci, P. Tourrenc, G. Calamai, L. Fabbroni, G. Losurdo, Alban Remillieux, L. Milano, S. Cuzon, Ettore Majorana, D. Verkindt, Samuele Cortese, M. Taurigna, J. Cachenaut, P. Mugnier, V. Reita, L. Fournier, A. Pasqualetti, F. Frasconi, François Bondu, P. Rivoirard, R. Flaminio, Fausto Acernese, A. Errico, T. Regimbau, Ph. Heusse, M. Maiorino, V. Brisson, P. Canitrot, N. Arnaud, P. Rapagnani, J. M. Teuler, L. Nicolosi, C. Michel, Luisa Bracci, P. Popolizio, O. Lodygenski, F. Cleva, C. Bourgoin, M. Dehamme, P. Dominici, J. C. Marrucho, C. Bradaschia, D. Dufournaud, Enrico Calloni, E. Turri, S. Braccini, V. Dattilo, A. Brillet, C. Casciano, A., Bozzi, C., Bourgoin, S., Cortese, A., Errico, D., Enard, S., Mataguez, A., Paoli, A., Pasqualetti, P., Popolizio, F., Richard, J. M., Teuler, Z., Zhang, C., Boccara, M., Leliboux, V., Loriette, V., Reita, J. P., Roger, P., Ganau, B., Lagrange, J. M., Mackowski, C., Michel, J. L., Montorio, N., Morgado, L., Pinard, A., Remillieux, L., Bracci, G., Calamai, E., Cuoco, P., Dominici, L., Fabbroni, G., Guidi, G., Losurdo, F., Martelli, M., Mazzoni, M., Ripepe, R., Stanga, F., Vetrano, F., Acernese, F., Barone, Calloni, Enrico, S., Cavaliere, M., DE ROSA, DE ROSA, Rosario, L., DI FIORE, A., Eleuteri, G., Evangelista, Garufi, Fabio, M., Maiorino, L., Milano, K., Qipiani, S., Solimeno, M., Varvella, P., Amico, C., Cattuto, L., Gammaitoni, F., Marchesoni, M., Punturo, H., Vocca, G., Ballardin, S., Braccini, C., Bradaschia, C., Casciano, R., Cavalieri, R., Cecchi, G., Cella, V., Dattilo, A., DI VIRGILIO, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, F., Frasconi, G., Gennaro, A., Giazotto, L., Holloway, P., LA PENNA, T., Lomtadze, L., Nicolosi, F., Paoletti, R., Passaquieti, D., Passuello, R., Poggiani, R., Taddei, A., Vicere, S., Frasca, E., Majorana, C., Palomba, M., Perciballi, P., Puppo, P., Rapagnani, F., Ricci, N., Arnaud, C., Arnault, M., Barsuglia, J. L., Beney, R., Bilhaut, M. A., Bizouard, V., Brisson, P., Canitrot, F., Cavalier, R., Chiche, S., Cuzon, M., Davier, M., Dehamme, C., Eder, M., Gaspard, P., Hello, P., Heusse, E., Jule, O., Lodygensky, B., Mansoux, J. C., Marrucho, M., Mencik, P., Marin, T., Pradier, A., Reboux, P., Rivoirard, M., Taurigna, F., Bellachia, D., Boget, D., Buskulic, B., Caron, F., Chollet, P. Y., David, D., Dufournaud, R., Flaminio, L., Fournier, L., Giacobone, C., Girard, R., Hermel, J. C., Lacotte, B., Lieunard, F., Marion, A., Masserot, L., Massonnet, B., Mour, P., Mugnier, J., Ramonet, R., Sottile, D., Verkindt, O., Veziant, M., Yvert, D., Babusci, H., Fang, G., Giordano, M., Iannarelli, E., Turri, F., Bondu, A., Brillet, J., Cachenaut, F., Cleva, T., Cokelaer, J. P., Coulon, J. D., Fournier, H., Heitmann, J. M., Innocent, M., Loupia, C. N., Man, J., Pacheco, T., Regimbau, J. P., Scheidecker, H., Trinquet, P., Tourrenc, J. Y., Vinet, Cavaliere, Sergio, and Virgo, Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, Onde gravitazionali, interferometri, sospensioni, Automatic control, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pendulum, Transfer function, Optics, Control theory, Control system, Sensitivity (control systems), Suspension (vehicle), business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The automatic control of the suspended mirrors is a major task in operating an interferometric gravitational wave antenna. To reach the extreme sensitivity required for this kind of detector, an accurate alignment and a stable locking of the interferometer on its working point are crucial. The solution of this problem is particularly complex in the case of a multistage pendulum, such as the suspension system for seismic isolation adopted in VIRGO. A precise knowledge of the suspension mechanical transfer functions (TFs) for different forces applied in the control servo-loops represents essential information to reach the goal. In this article, we describe the apparatus we developed to measure the VIRGO suspension TF and we report the results thus obtained on full-scale suspensions at the VIRGO site. Preliminary results for the implemented control system of the last suspension stage are also presented.

Published
2002

5. Thickness uniformity improvement for the twin mirrors used in advanced gravitational wave detectors

Author

D. H. Forest, Q. Benoît, R. Flaminio, J.-L. Montorio, L. Pinard, M. Galimberti, J. Franc, B. Sassolas, N. Morgado, A. Lacoudre, and C. Michel

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational wave, Aperture, business.industry, Michelson interferometer, engineering.material, LIGO, law.invention, Finesse, Interferometry, Optics, Coating, law, engineering, Astronomical interferometer, business
Abstract

Gravitational wave detectors such as Virgo and LIGO use long-baseline Michelson interferometers with high finesse Fabry-Perrot cavity in the arms. The symmetry of these cavities is essential to prevent the interferometer from sensitivity to laser fluctuations. For this purpose the difference between the transmissions of the two input mirrors has to be minimized. Advanced LIGO, the upgrade of LIGO, plans a transmission matching between the two input mirrors as high as 99%. A small deviation in the process fabrication from run to run might induce transmission mismatch larger than 1%. Consequently, the two input mirrors have to be coated during the same coating run. That requires ability to deposit the reflective coating, based on a stack of titanium doped tantala (Ti:Ta 2 O 5 ) layers and silica layers, uniformly over a 800 mm di ameter aperture. This paper presents the study to improve the thickness uniformity of a reflective coating and the preliminary results achieved on two ‡ 350mm substrates coated in the run.

Published
2011
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6. Twin mirrors for laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors

Author

Christophe Michel, J. Franc, R. Flaminio, Aline Lacoudre, L. Pinard, D. Forest, N. Morgado, Quentin Benoit, J.-L. Montorio, Massimo Galimberti, Benoit Sassolas, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, 010309 optics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Optics, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Light beam, Business and International Management, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Michelson interferometer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, LIGO, Interferometry, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Gravitational-wave detectors such as Virgo and the laser interferometric gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO) use a long-baseline Michelson interferometer with Fabry–Perot cavities in the arms to search for gravitational waves. The symmetry between the two Fabry–Perot cavities is crucial to reduce the interferometer’s sensitivity to the laser amplitude and frequency noise. To this purpose, the transmittance of the mirrors in both cavities should be as close as possible. This paper describes the realization and the characterization of the first twin large low-loss mirrors with transmissions differing by less than 0.01%.

Published
2011
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7. Towards a new generation of low loss mirrors for the advanced gravitational waves interferometers

Author

R. Flaminio, J.-L. Montorio, Christophe Michel, L. Pinard, D. Forest, N. Morgado, Benoit Sassolas, and Aline Lacoudre

Subjects
Materials science, Gravitational wave, business.industry, engineering.material, Layer thickness, Laser interferometry, Interferometry, Optics, Coating, Astronomical interferometer, engineering, Thin film, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), business
Abstract

New generation of advanced interferometer needs fused silica mirrors having better optical and mechanical properties. This paper describes the way to reduce the IBS coating absorption (1064 nm) and to improve the layer thickness uniformity.

Published
2010
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8. EUV near normal incidence collector development at SAGEM

Author

R. Mercier Ythier, Andre Rinchet, Benoit Sassolas, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Marie-Françoise Ravet-Krill, Christophe Michel, Roland Geyl, Laurent Pinard, Elodie Roméo, Xavier Bozec, R. Flaminio, Christophe Hecquet, N. Morgado, Franck Delmotte, J.-L. Montorio, SAGEM Défense Sécurité [Massy], Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Computer cooling, business.industry, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Polishing, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Design for manufacturability, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, Extreme ultraviolet, 0103 physical sciences, Water cooling, Silicon carbide, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Through its participation to European programs, SAGEM has worked on the design and manufacturing of normal incidence collectors for EUV sources. By opposition to grazing incidence, normal incidence collectors are expected to collect more light with a simpler and cheaper design. Designs are presented for the two current types of existing sources: Discharge Produced Plasma (DPP) and Laser Produced Plasma (LPP). Collection efficiency is calculated in both cases. It is shown that these collectors can achieve about 10 % efficiency for DPP sources and 40 % for LPP sources. SAGEM works on the collectors manufacturability are also presented, including polishing, coating and cooling. The feasibility of polishing has been demonstrated with a roughness better than 2 angstroms obtained on several materials (glass, silicon, Silicon Carbide, metals...). SAGEM is currently working with the Institut d'Optique and the Laboratoire des Materiaux Avances on the design and the process of EUV coatings for large mirrors. Lastly, SAGEM has studied the design and feasibility of an efficient thermal control, based on a liquid cooling through slim channels machined close to the optical surface.

Published
2008
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9. Generation of a flat-top laser beam for gravitational wave detectors by means of a nonspherical Fabry-Perot resonator

Author

Erika D'Ambrosio, L. Pinard, D. Forest, Marco G. Tarallo, Phil Willems, Juri Agresti, B. Simoni, C. Michel, N. Morgado, John W. Miller, B. Lagrange, A. Remilleux, J. M. Mackowsky, J.-L. Montorio, and R. DeSalvo

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Curved mirror, Physics::Optics, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, Resonator, Optics, Tilt (optics), law, Beam tilt, Optical cavity, Light beam, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Business and International Management, business, Adaptive optics, Beam (structure), Caltech Library Services
Abstract

We have tested a new kind of Fabry-Perot long-baseline optical resonator proposed to reduce the thermal noise sensitivity of gravitational wave interferometric detectors--the "mesa beam" cavity--whose flat top beam shape is achieved by means of an aspherical end mirror. We present the fundamental mode intensity pattern for this cavity and its distortion due to surface imperfections and tilt misalignments, and contrast the higher order mode patterns to the Gauss-Laguerre modes of a spherical mirror cavity. We discuss the effects of mirror tilts on cavity alignment and locking and present measurements of the mesa beam tilt sensitivity.

Published
2007

10. Reduction of tantala mechanical losses in Ta2O5/SiO2 coatings for the next generation of VIRGO and LIGO interferometric gravitational waves detectors

Author

C. Comtet, D. Forest, P. Ganau, G. M. Harry, J. -M. Mackowski, Ch. Michel, J. -L. Montorio, N. Morgado, V. Pierro, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, A. Remillieux, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VIRGO, Girod, Dominique, Comtet, C., Forest, D., Ganau, P., Harry, G. M., Mackowski, J. -M., Michel, Ch., Montorio, J. -L., Morgado, N., Pierro, V., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., and Remillieux, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science, thermal noise, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Optics, mechanical losses, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Computer Science::Other, Gravitational waves
Abstract

Mirror thermal noise in Ta2O5/SiO2 coatings is predicted to be the limiting noise in the 50-300 Hz frequency range in the interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Ta2O5 losses were dominating compared to the SiO2 losses. We developed a model to calculate multilayer mechanical losses and we are working for low mechanical losses Ta2O5/SiO2 coatings.

Published
2007

11. Comparison of specularly-reflecting mirrors for GRANIT

Author

P. Ganau, Laurent Pinard, Valery Nesvizhevsky, Alban Remillieux, K.V. Protasov, Jean-Marie Mackowski, D. Forest, N. Morgado, J. L. Montorio, G. Quéméner, Guillaume Pignol, Christine Michel, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and GRANIT

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Specular reflection, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Optics, Surface finish, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Optics, 03.65.−w, 28.20.−v, Coatings, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics, Elastic scattering, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Specularity, Sapphire, Ultracold neutrons, Reflection (physics), business
Abstract

The specularity of ultracold neutron reflection was compared for different “promising” surfaces, including sapphire, silica, silica with carbon (diamond-like), and copper coatings with very small roughness. The probability of total losses of ultracold neutrons (UCN) from a specular trajectory was dominated by diffusive (non-specular) elastic scattering of UCN. In all the cases considered the quality of reflection was sufficiently high for storage of UCN at specular trajectories for the first stage of GRANIT experiment.

Published
2007
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12. Design and construction of a prototype of a flat top beam interferometer and initial tests

Author

R. DeSalvo, Juri Agresti, N. Morgado, Erika D'Ambrosio, L. Pinard, B. Lagrange, D. Forest, Phil Willems, J M Mackowski, C. Michel, J.-L. Montorio, Marco G. Tarallo, B. Simoni, A. Remillieux, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, History, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Curved mirror, 01 natural sciences, LIGO, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Interferometry, Optics, law, Optical cavity, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Laser beam quality, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, business, Beam (structure), Caltech Library Services, Gaussian beam
Abstract

A non-Gaussian, flat-top laser beam profile, also called Mesa Beam Profile, supported by non spherical mirrors known as Mexican Hat (MH) mirrors, has been proposed as a way to depress the mirror thermal noise and thus improve the sensitivity of future interferometric Gravitational Wave detectors, including Advanced LIGO [1]. Non-Gaussian beam configurations have never been tested before [2] hence the main motivation of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of this new concept. A 7m rigid suspended Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity which can support a scaled version of a Mesa beam applicable to the LIGO interferometers has been developed. The FP cavity prototype is being designed to prove the feasibility of actual MH mirror profiles, determine whether a MH mirror cavity is capable of transforming an incoming Gaussian beam into a flat top beam profile, study the effects of unavoidable mirror imperfections on the resulting beam profile and gauge the difficulties associated with locking and maintaining the alignment of such an optical cavity. We present the design of the experimental apparatus and simulations comparing Gaussian and Mesa beams performed both with ideal and current (measured) mirror profiles. An overview of the technique used to manufacture this kind of mirror and initial results showing Mesa beam properties are presented.

Published
2006
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13. Original optical metrologies of large components

Author

B. Lagrange, Renée Pignard, Bernard Cimma, Alban Remillieux, J.-L. Montorio, P. Ganau, N. Morgado, Christophe Michel, Laurent Pinard, Danielle Forest, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Girod, Dominique, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VIRGO

Subjects
Materials science, Optical metrology, stitching interferometry, Surface finish, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Image stitching, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Calibration, 010306 general physics, roughness, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], birefringence, business.industry, scattering, Metrology, Interferometry, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Profilometer, Spatial frequency, business, absorption
Abstract

présentée par A. Remillieux; The coating deposition on large optical components (diameter 350 mm) has required the development of new metrology tools at 1064 nm. To give realistic values of the optical performances, the whole surface of the component needs to be scanned. Our scatterometer (commercial system) has been upgraded to support large and heavy samples. The other metrology tools are prototypes we have developed. We can mention the absorption (photothermal effect) and birefringence bench, a control interferometer equipped with an original stitching option, the optical profilometer (RMS roughness and small defect measurements). A detailed description of these metrology benches will be exposed. Their sensitivity, accuracy and capability to map the optical properties of substrates or mirrors will be discussed. We will describe the recent developments: the stitching option adapted to the Micromap profilometer to measure the RMS roughness on larger area (exploration of a new spatial frequency domain), the accurate bulk absorption calibration.

Published
2004

14. The Virgo Suspensions

Author

J. Ramonet, Samuele Cortese, L. Milano, H. Vocca, M. Yvert, Teimuraz Lomtadze, D. Passuello, Thierry Pradier, R. Bilhaut, A. Viceré, M. Gaspard, H. Fang, Ph. Heusse, P. Canitrot, N. Arnaud, P. Rapagnani, F. Garufi, R. De Rosa, C. Arnault, J. L. Beney, F. Frasconi, A. Di Virgilio, L. Giacobone, R. Sottile, B. Mansoux, A. Masserot, P. Amico, G. Cella, P. Ganau, Fausto Acernese, R. Flaminio, B. Mours, P. La Penna, M. Leliboux, A. Errico, F. Marion, M. Punturo, M. Varvella, A. Bozzi, C. Girard, B. Caron, V. Loriette, C. N. Man, J. Y. Vinet, L. Pinard, F. Fidecaro, M. Iannarelli, M. Dehamme, L. Holloway, T. Regimbau, P. Dominici, Thomas Cokelaer, F. Bellachia, G. M. Guidi, Angela Delli Paoli, Ciro Cattuto, F. Martelli, C. Bradaschia, Marina Mazzoni, S. Mataguez, F. Paoletti, D. Buskulic, F. Cavalier, J. L. Montorio, J. M. Innocent, Zhenyu Zhang, R. Passaquieti, A. Giazotto, José Pacheco, J. M. Teuler, I. Ferrante, L. Nicolosi, S. Cuzon, C. Michel, G. Ballardin, Sergio Cavaliere, A. Reboux, V. Brisson, H. Heitmann, M. Mencik, S. Braccini, N. Morgado, M. De Rosa, J. P. Roger, R. Hermel, Luisa Bracci, O. Lodygenski, H. Trinquet, F. Chollet, J.-M. Mackowski, F. Cleva, Roberto Cecchi, A. Eleuteri, G. Giordano, C. Bourgoin, J. C. Marrucho, Fabrizio Barone, Ettore Majorana, D. Enard, M. Loupias, D. Dufournaud, E. Jules, E. Turri, P. Puppo, Maurizio Ripepe, Enrico Calloni, M. Davier, P. Tourrenc, G. Calamai, Gianpaolo Evangelista, B. Lieunard, L. Di Fiore, M. Barsuglia, Luca Gammaitoni, G. Losurdo, V. Dattilo, A. Brillet, S. Frasca, M. Taurigna, Alban Remillieux, D. Verkindt, P. Popolizio, L. Massonnet, Fabio Marchesoni, R. Taddei, P. Mugnier, L. Fournier, Patrice Hello, J. Cachenaut, V. Reita, G. Gennaro, François Bondu, P. Rivoirard, M. Perciballi, D. Boget, P. Marin, C. Casciano, C. Eder, L. Fabbroni, Marie-Anne Bizouard, A. Pasqualetti, C. Palomba, F. Ricci, Ketevan Qipiani, E. Cuoco, F. Richard, Claude Boccara, Rosa Poggiani, R. Chiche, F. Vetrano, P. N. Y. David, Salvatore Solimeno, R. Cavalieri, J.-P. Coulon, J.-D. Fournier, D. Babusci, J. C. Lacotte, Ruggero Stanga, J. P. Scheidecker, O. Veziant, and B. Lagrange

Subjects
Physics, business.product_category, Gravitational wave detectors and experiments, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Payload, Seismic noise, Interferometry, Optics, Control system, Six degrees of freedom, business, Suspension (vehicle), Beam (structure), Digital camera
Abstract

The VIRGO suspensions are chains of passive mechanical filters designed to isolate the interferometer mirrors from seismic noise starting from a few Hz. In order to reduce the low-frequency swing of the mirror along the beam, an active control system, acting at the level of the suspension point, damps the main resonant modes of the system (all below 2.5 Hz). Another control loop, at the level of the optical payload, makes use of a digital camera monitoring the mirror position in all six degrees of freedom. Its main goal is to decrease the rms angular displacements of the mirror, on a time scale of several minutes, down to less than 1 μrad. All the seven suspensions of the VIRGO central interferometer are presently in operation, while the assembly of the last two, for the terminal mirrors, is in progress. The design and performance of the system are described in this paper. PACS number: 0480N (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)

Published
2002

15. Ion beam sputtering coatings on large substrates: toward an improvement of the mechanical and optical performances

Author

Renée Pignard, B. Lagrange, Danièle Forest, P. Ganau, N. Morgado, Alban Remillieux, Laurent Pinard, J.-L. Montorio, Bernard Cimma, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Christophe Michel, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VIRGO

Subjects
Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Virgo interferometer, engineering.material, Optics at surfaces : Thin films, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Tantalum pentoxide, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Materials : Optical materials, Business and International Management, Thin film, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Wavefront, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Scattering, Instrumentation measurement and metrology : Interferometry, Interferometry, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], engineering, business
Abstract

Large mirrors (∅350 mm) having extremely low optical loss (absorption, scattering, wavefront) were coated for the VIRGO interferometer. The new generation of mirrors needs to have a better wavefront and lower mechanical loss. To improve the component wavefront, the corrective coating technique was used. By doping the tantalum pentoxide layers, we improved, for the first time to our knowledge, the multilayer mechanical loss. The first results are discussed.

Published
2006
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16. Status of VIRGO

Author

The VIRGO Collaboration, F Acernese, P Amico, N Arnaud, D Babusci, G Ballardin, R Barill, F Barone, M Barsuglia, F Beauville, F Bellachia, M A Bizouard, C Boccara, D Boget, F Bondu, C Bourgoin, A Bozzi, S Braccini, C Bradaschia, A Brillet, V Brisson, L Brocco, D Buskulic, J Cachenaut, G Calamai, E Calloni, E Campagna, C Casciano, C Cattuto, F Cavalier, S Cavaliere, R Cavalieri, G Cella, E Chassande-Mottin, F Chollet, F Cleva, T Cokelaer, G Conforto, S Cortese, J P Coulon, E Cuoco, V Dattilo, P Y Dav d, M Davier, M De Rosa, R De Rosa, L Di Fiore, A Di Virgilio, B Dujardin, P Dominici, A Eleuteri, D Enard, G Evangelista, I Ferrante, F Fidecaro, I Fiori, R Flaminio, D Forest, J D Fournier, L Fournier, S Frasca, F Frasconi, L Gammaitoni, P Ganau, A Gennai, G Gennaro, L Giacobone, A Giazotto, G Giordano, C Girard, G Gougoulat, G M Guidi, H Heitmann, P Hello, R Hermel, P Heusse, L Holloway, F Honglie, M Iannarelli, L Journet, S Krecklbergh, B Lagrange, P La Penna, M Leliboux, B Lieunard, T Lomtadze, V Loriette, G Losurdo, M Loupias, J M Mackowski, E Majorana, C N Man, F Marchesoni, F Marion, F Martelli, A Masserot, L Massonnet, S Mataguez, F Menzinger, M Mazzoni, C Michel, L Milano, J L Montorio, F Moreau, J Moreau, N Morgado, F Mornet, B Mours, P Mugnier, F Nenci, J Pacheco, A Pai, C Palomba, F Paoletti, A Paoli, L Paoli, A Pasqualetti, R Passaquieti, D Passuello, M Perciballi, S Peruzzi, B Perniola, L Pinard, R Poggiani, P Popolizio, E Porter, S Puccinelli, M Punturo, P Puppo, K Qipiani, J Ramonet, P Rapagnani, V Reita, A Remillieux, F Ricci, F Richard, J P Roger, P Ruggi, G Russo, S Solimeno, R Stanga, R Taddei, J M Teuler, E Tournefier, F Travasso, H Trinquet, E Turri, M Varvella, D Verkindt, F Vetrano, O Veziant, A Vicer, S Vilalte, J Y Vinet, H Vocca, M Yvert, and Z Zhang

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Onde gravitazionali, interferometri, astrofisica

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