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1. DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors

Author

L. Abadie, T. W. Abrams, J. Ahn, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, J. Allcock, E. O. Allen, S. Allen, J. P. Anderson, A. Ashourvan, M. E. Austin, J. Bak, K. K. Barada, N. Barbour, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, J. L. Barton, E. M. Bass, D. Battaglia, L. R. Baylor, J. Beckers, E. A. Belli, J. W. Berkery, N. Bertelli, J. M. Bialek, J. A. Boedo, R. L. Boivin, P. T. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, M. D. Boyer, R. E. Brambila, B. Bray, D. P. Brennan, A. R. Briesemeister, S. A. Bringuier, M. W. Brookman, D. L. Brower, B. R. Brown, W. D. Brown, D. Buchenauer, M. G. Burke, K. H. Burrell, J. Butt, R. J. Buttery, I. Bykov, J. M. Candy, J. M. Canik, N. M. Cao, L. Carbajal Gomez, L. C. Carlson, T. N. Carlstrom, T. A. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, V. S. Chan, B. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, R. Chen, Xi Chen, W. Choi, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, R. M. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, C. F. Clauser, M. Clement, J. Coburn, C. S. Collins, A. W. Cooper, B. M. Covele, J. W. Crippen, N. A. Crocker, B. J. Crowley, A. Dal Molin, E. M. Davis, J. S. deGrassie, C. A. del-Castillo-Negrete, L. F. Delgado-Aparicio, A. Diallo, S. J. Diem, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, J. L. Doane, D. C. Donovan, J. Drake, D. Du, H. Du, X. Du, V. Duarte, J. D. Duran, N. W. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, W. Elwasif, T. E. Ely, K. M. Eng, K. Engelhorn, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. R. Ernst, T. E. Evans, M. E. Fenstermacher, N. M. Ferraro, J. R. Ferron, D. F. Finkenthal, P. A. Fisher, B. Fishler, S. M. Flanagan, J. A. Fooks, L. Frassinetti, H. G. Frerichs, Y. Fu, T. Fulop, Q. Gao, F. Garcia, A. M. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, L. Giacomelli, E. M. Giraldez, C. Giroud, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, Y. A. Gorelov, R. S. Granetz, D. L. Green, C. M. Greenfield, B. A. Grierson, R. J. Groebner, W. H. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. J. Grunloh, H. Y. Guo, W. Guo, J. Guterl, R. C. Hager, S. Hahn, F. D. Halpern, H. Han, M. J. Hansink, J. M. Hanson, J. Harris, S. R. Haskey, D. R. Hatch, W. W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, D. N. Hill, M. D. Hill, E. T. Hinson, C. T. Holcomb, C. G. Holland, L. D. Holland, E. M. Hollmann, A. M. Holm, R. Hong, M. Hoppe, S. Houshmandyar, J. Howard, N. T. Howard, Q. Hu, W. Hu, H. Huang, J. Huang, Y. Huang, G. A. Hughes, J. Hughes, D. A. Humphreys, A. W. Hyatt, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, R. C. Isler, V. A. Izzo, M. R. Jackson, A. E. Jarvinen, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, R. Jimenez, C. A. Johnson, I. Joseph, D. N. Kaczala, D. H. Kaplan, J. Kates-Harbeck, A. G. Kellman, D. H. Kellman, C. E. Kessel, K. Khumthong, C. C. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, S. H. Kim, W. Kimura, J. R. King, A. Kirk, K. Kleijwegt, M. Knolker, A. Kohn, E. Kolemen, M. Kostuk, G. J. Kramer, P. Kress, D. M. Kriete, R. J. La Haye, F. M. Laggner, H. Lan, M. J. Lanctot, R. Lantsov, L. L. Lao, C. J. Lasnier, C. Lau, K. Law, D. Lawrence, J. Le, R. L. Lee, M. Lehnen, R. Leon, A. W. Leonard, M. Lesher, J. A. Leuer, G. Li, K. Li, K. T. Liao, Z. Lin, C. Liu, F. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Loch, N. C. Logan, J. M. Lohr, J. Lore, T. C. Luce, N. C. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, C. Luo, Z. Luo, L. Lupin-Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. C. Lyons, X. Ma, R. Maingi, M. A. Makowski, P. Mantica, M. Manuel, M. W. Margo, A. Marinoni, E. Marmar, W. C. Martin, R. L. Masline, G. K. Matsunaga, D. M. Mauzey, P. S. Mauzey, J. T. Mcclenaghan, G. R. Mckee, A. G. Mclean, H. S. Mclean, E. Meier, S. J. Meitner, J. E. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, W. H. Meyer, D. C. Miller, W. J. Miller, C. P. Moeller, K. J. Montes, M. A. Morales, S. Mordijck, A. Moser, R. A. Moyer, S. A. Muller, S. Munaretto, M. Murakami, C. J. Murphy, C. M. Muscatello, C. E. Myers, A. Nagy, G. A. Navratil, R. M. Nazikian, A. L. Neff, T. F. Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J. H. Nichols, M. Nocente, R. E. Nygren, R. C. O'Neill, T. Odstrcil, S. Ohdachi, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, M. Ono, D. M. Orlov, T. H. Osborne, N. A. Pablant, D. C. Pace, R. R. Paguio, A. Pajares Martinez, C. Pan, A. Pankin, J. M. Park, J. Park, Y. Park, C. T. Parker, S. E. Parker, P. B. Parks, C. J. Pawley, C. A. Paz-Soldan, W. A. Peebles, B. G. Penaflor, T. W. Petrie, C. C. Petty, Y. Peysson, A. Y. Pigarov, D. A. Piglowski, R. I. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, R. A. Pitts, J. D. Pizzo, M. L. Podesta, F. M. Poli, D. Ponce, M. Porkolab, G. D. Porter, R. Prater, J. Qian, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, R. Raman, C. Rand, G. C. Randall, J. M. Rauch, C. Rea, M. L. Reinke, J. Ren, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, T. L. Rhodes, J. Rice, T. D. Rognlien, J. C. Rost, W. L. Rowan, D. L. Rudakov, A. Salmi, B. S. Sammuli, C. M. Samuell, A. M. Sandorfi, C. Sang, O. J. Sauter, D. P. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, E. J. Schuster, J. T. Scoville, A. Seltzman, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, H. Shen, T. Shi, D. Shiraki, H. Si, D. R. Smith, S. P. Smith, J. A. Snipes, P. B. Snyder, E. R. Solano, W. M. Solomon, A. C. Sontag, V. A. Soukhanovskii, D. A. Spong, W. M. Stacey, G. M. Staebler, L. Stagner, B. Stahl, P. C. Stangeby, T. J. Stoltzfus-Dueck, D. P. Stotler, E. J. Strait, D. Su, L. E. Sugiyama, A. A. Sulyman, Y. Sun, C. Sung, W. A. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, R. M. Sweeney, S. Taimourzadeh, M. Takechi, T. Tala, H. Tan, S. Tang, X. Tang, D. Taussig, G. Taylor, N. Z. Taylor, T. S. Taylor, A. Teklu, D. M. Thomas, M. B. Thomas, K. E. Thome, A. R. Thorman, R. A. Tinguely, B. J. Tobias, J. F. Tooker, H. Torreblanca, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. L. Trevisan, D. Truong, F. Turco, A. D. Turnbull, E. A. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. J. Vail, M. A. Van Zeeland, M. Velasco Enriquez, M. C. Venkatesh, B. S. Victor, F. Volpe, M. R. Wade, M. L. Walker, J. R. Wall, G. M. Wallace, R. E. Waltz, G. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, S. H. Ward, J. G. Watkins, M. Watkins, W. P. Wehner, M. Weiland, D. B. Weisberg, A. S. Welander, A. E. White, R. B. White, D. Whyte, T. A. Wijkamp, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, H. R. Wilson, A. Wingen, E. Wolfe, M. Wu, W. Wu, S. J. Wukitch, T. Xia, N. Xiang, B. Xiao, R. Xie, G. Xu, H. Xu, X. Xu, Z. Yan, Q. Yang, X. Yang, M. Yoshida, G. Yu, J. H. Yu, M. Yu, S. A. Zamperini, L. Zeng, B. Zhao, D. Zhao, H. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhu, B. Zywicki, Abadie, L, Abrams, T, Ahn, J, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allcock, J, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anderson, J, Ashourvan, A, Austin, M, Bak, J, Barada, K, Barbour, N, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Barton, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bertelli, N, Bialek, J, Boedo, J, Boivin, R, Bonoli, P, Bortolon, A, Boyer, M, Brambila, R, Bray, B, Brennan, D, Briesemeister, A, Bringuier, S, Brookman, M, Brower, D, Brown, B, Brown, W, Buchenauer, D, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butt, J, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cao, N, Carbajal Gomez, L, Carlson, L, Carlstrom, T, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Chan, V, Chen, B, Chen, J, Chen, M, Chen, R, Chen, X, Choi, W, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clauser, C, Clement, M, Coburn, J, Collins, C, Cooper, A, Covele, B, Crippen, J, Crocker, N, Crowley, B, Dal Molin, A, Davis, E, Degrassie, J, del-Castillo-Negrete, C, Delgado-Aparicio, L, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Doane, J, Donovan, D, Drake, J, Du, D, Du, H, Du, X, Duarte, V, Duran, J, Eidietis, N, Elder, D, Eldon, D, Elwasif, W, Ely, T, Eng, K, Engelhorn, K, Ennis, D, Erickson, K, Ernst, D, Evans, T, Fenstermacher, M, Ferraro, N, Ferron, J, Finkenthal, D, Fisher, P, Fishler, B, Flanagan, S, Fooks, J, Frassinetti, L, Frerichs, H, Fu, Y, Fulop, T, Gao, Q, Garcia, F, Garofalo, A, Gattuso, A, Giacomelli, L, Giraldez, E, Giroud, C, Glass, F, Gohil, P, Gong, X, Gorelov, Y, Granetz, R, Green, D, Greenfield, C, Grierson, B, Groebner, R, Grosnickle, W, Groth, M, Grunloh, H, Guo, H, Guo, W, Guterl, J, Hager, R, Hahn, S, Halpern, F, Han, H, Hansink, M, Hanson, J, Harris, J, Haskey, S, Hatch, D, Heidbrink, W, Herfindal, J, Hill, D, Hill, M, Hinson, E, Holcomb, C, Holland, C, Holland, L, Hollmann, E, Holm, A, Hong, R, Hoppe, M, Houshmandyar, S, Howard, J, Howard, N, Hu, Q, Hu, W, Huang, H, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Hughes, G, Hughes, J, Humphreys, D, Hyatt, A, Ida, K, Igochine, V, In, Y, Inoue, S, Isayama, A, Isler, R, Izzo, V, Jackson, M, Jarvinen, A, Jeon, Y, Ji, H, Jian, X, Jimenez, R, Johnson, C, Joseph, I, Kaczala, D, Kaplan, D, Kates-Harbeck, J, Kellman, A, Kellman, D, Kessel, C, Khumthong, K, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, S, Kimura, W, King, J, Kirk, A, Kleijwegt, K, Knolker, M, Kohn, A, Kolemen, E, Kostuk, M, Kramer, G, Kress, P, Kriete, D, La Haye, R, Laggner, F, Lan, H, Lanctot, M, Lantsov, R, Lao, L, Lasnier, C, Lau, C, Law, K, Lawrence, D, Le, J, Lee, R, Lehnen, M, Leon, R, Leonard, A, Lesher, M, Leuer, J, Li, G, Li, K, Liao, K, Lin, Z, Liu, C, Liu, F, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Loch, S, Logan, N, Lohr, J, Lore, J, Luce, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Luo, C, Luo, Z, Lupin-Jimenez, L, Lvovskiy, A, Lyons, B, Ma, X, Maingi, R, Makowski, M, Mantica, P, Manuel, M, Margo, M, Marinoni, A, Marmar, E, Martin, W, Masline, R, Matsunaga, G, Mauzey, D, Mauzey, P, Mcclenaghan, J, Mckee, G, Mclean, A, Mclean, H, Meier, E, Meitner, S, Menard, J, Meneghini, O, Merlo, G, Meyer, W, Miller, D, Miller, W, Moeller, C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Muller, S, Munaretto, S, Murakami, M, Murphy, C, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neiser, T, Nelson, A, Nguyen, P, Nguyen, R, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nygren, R, O'Neill, R, Odstrcil, T, Ohdachi, S, Okabayashi, M, Olofsson, E, Ono, M, Orlov, D, Osborne, T, Pablant, N, Pace, D, Paguio, R, Pajares Martinez, A, Pan, C, Pankin, A, Park, J, Park, Y, Parker, C, Parker, S, Parks, P, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Penaflor, B, Petrie, T, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pigarov, A, Piglowski, D, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Podesta, M, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Prater, R, Qian, J, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raman, R, Rand, C, Randall, G, Rauch, J, Rea, C, Reinke, M, Ren, J, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Rognlien, T, Rost, J, Rowan, W, Rudakov, D, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sauter, O, Schissel, D, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schuster, E, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Shen, H, Shi, T, Shiraki, D, Si, H, Smith, D, Smith, S, Snipes, J, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spong, D, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stahl, B, Stangeby, P, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stotler, D, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sulyman, A, Sun, Y, Sung, C, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Svyatkovskiy, A, Sweeney, R, Taimourzadeh, S, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tan, H, Tang, S, Tang, X, Taussig, D, Taylor, G, Taylor, N, Taylor, T, Teklu, A, Thomas, D, Thomas, M, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Tinguely, R, Tobias, B, Tooker, J, Torreblanca, H, Torrezan De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Truong, D, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Van Zeeland, M, Velasco Enriquez, M, Venkatesh, M, Victor, B, Volpe, F, Wade, M, Walker, M, Wall, J, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, F, Ward, S, Watkins, J, Watkins, M, Wehner, W, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Whyte, D, Wijkamp, T, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolfe, E, Wu, M, Wu, W, Wukitch, S, Xia, T, Xiang, N, Xiao, B, Xie, R, Xu, G, Xu, H, Xu, X, Yan, Z, Yang, Q, Yang, X, Yoshida, M, Yu, G, Yu, J, Yu, M, Zamperini, S, Zeng, L, Zhao, B, Zhao, D, Zhao, H, Zhao, Y, Zhu, Y, and Zywicki, B

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, fusion, model, Tokamak, DIII-D, Divertor, Mechanics, Plasma, Fusion power, Dissipation, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Pedestal, Heat flux, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, tokamak, plasma, energy
Abstract

DIII-D research is addressing critical challenges in preparation for ITER and the next generation of fusion devices through focusing on plasma physics fundamentals that underpin key fusion goals, understanding the interaction of disparate core and boundary plasma physics, and developing integrated scenarios for achieving high performance fusion regimes. Fundamental investigations into fusion energy science find that anomalous dissipation of runaway electrons (RE) that arise following a disruption is likely due to interactions with RE-driven kinetic instabilities, some of which have been directly observed, opening a new avenue for RE energy dissipation using naturally excited waves. Dimensionless parameter scaling of intrinsic rotation and gyrokinetic simulations give a predicted ITER rotation profile with significant turbulence stabilization. Coherence imaging spectroscopy confirms near sonic flow throughout the divertor towards the target, which may account for the convection-dominated parallel heat flux. Core-boundary integration studies show that the small angle slot divertor achieves detachment at lower density and extends plasma cooling across the divertor target plate, which is essential for controlling heat flux and erosion. The Super H-mode regime has been extended to high plasma current (2.0 MA) and density to achieve very high pedestal pressures (~30 kPa) and stored energy (3.2 MJ) with H 98y2 ≈ 1.6–2.4. In scenario work, the ITER baseline Q = 10 scenario with zero injected torque is found to have a fusion gain metric independent of current between q 95 = 2.8–3.7, and a lower limit of pedestal rotation for RMP ELM suppression has been found. In the wide pedestal QH-mode regime that exhibits improved performance and no ELMs, the start-up counter torque has been eliminated so that the entire discharge uses ≈0 injected torque and the operating space is more ITER-relevant. Finally, the high- (⩽3.8) hybrid scenario has been extended to the high-density levels necessary for radiating divertor operation, achieving ~40% divertor heat flux reduction using either argon or neon with P tot up to 15 MW.

Published
2019

2. DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors

Author

Abadie, L, Abrams, T, Ahn, J, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allcock, J, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anderson, J, Ashourvan, A, Austin, M, Bak, J, Barada, K, Barbour, N, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Barton, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bertelli, N, Bialek, J, Boedo, J, Boivin, R, Bonoli, P, Bortolon, A, Boyer, M, Brambila, R, Bray, B, Brennan, D, Briesemeister, A, Bringuier, S, Brookman, M, Brower, D, Brown, B, Brown, W, Buchenauer, D, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butt, J, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cao, N, Carbajal Gomez, L, Carlson, L, Carlstrom, T, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Chan, V, Chen, B, Chen, J, Chen, M, Chen, R, Chen, X, Choi, W, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clauser, C, Clement, M, Coburn, J, Collins, C, Cooper, A, Covele, B, Crippen, J, Crocker, N, Crowley, B, Dal Molin, A, Davis, E, Degrassie, J, del-Castillo-Negrete, C, Delgado-Aparicio, L, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Doane, J, Donovan, D, Drake, J, Du, D, Du, H, Du, X, Duarte, V, Duran, J, Eidietis, N, Elder, D, Eldon, D, Elwasif, W, Ely, T, Eng, K, Engelhorn, K, Ennis, D, Erickson, K, Ernst, D, Evans, T, Fenstermacher, M, Ferraro, N, Ferron, J, Finkenthal, D, Fisher, P, Fishler, B, Flanagan, S, Fooks, J, Frassinetti, L, Frerichs, H, Fu, Y, Fulop, T, Gao, Q, Garcia, F, Garofalo, A, Gattuso, A, Giacomelli, L, Giraldez, E, Giroud, C, Glass, F, Gohil, P, Gong, X, Gorelov, Y, Granetz, R, Green, D, Greenfield, C, Grierson, B, Groebner, R, Grosnickle, W, Groth, M, Grunloh, H, Guo, H, Guo, W, Guterl, J, Hager, R, Hahn, S, Halpern, F, Han, H, Hansink, M, Hanson, J, Harris, J, Haskey, S, Hatch, D, Heidbrink, W, Herfindal, J, Hill, D, Hill, M, Hinson, E, Holcomb, C, Holland, C, Holland, L, Hollmann, E, Holm, A, Hong, R, Hoppe, M, Houshmandyar, S, Howard, J, Howard, N, Hu, Q, Hu, W, Huang, H, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Hughes, G, Hughes, J, Humphreys, D, Hyatt, A, Ida, K, Igochine, V, In, Y, Inoue, S, Isayama, A, Isler, R, Izzo, V, Jackson, M, Jarvinen, A, Jeon, Y, Ji, H, Jian, X, Jimenez, R, Johnson, C, Joseph, I, Kaczala, D, Kaplan, D, Kates-Harbeck, J, Kellman, A, Kellman, D, Kessel, C, Khumthong, K, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, S, Kimura, W, King, J, Kirk, A, Kleijwegt, K, Knolker, M, Kohn, A, Kolemen, E, Kostuk, M, Kramer, G, Kress, P, Kriete, D, La Haye, R, Laggner, F, Lan, H, Lanctot, M, Lantsov, R, Lao, L, Lasnier, C, Lau, C, Law, K, Lawrence, D, Le, J, Lee, R, Lehnen, M, Leon, R, Leonard, A, Lesher, M, Leuer, J, Li, G, Li, K, Liao, K, Lin, Z, Liu, C, Liu, F, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Loch, S, Logan, N, Lohr, J, Lore, J, Luce, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Luo, C, Luo, Z, Lupin-Jimenez, L, Lvovskiy, A, Lyons, B, Ma, X, Maingi, R, Makowski, M, Mantica, P, Manuel, M, Margo, M, Marinoni, A, Marmar, E, Martin, W, Masline, R, Matsunaga, G, Mauzey, D, Mauzey, P, Mcclenaghan, J, Mckee, G, Mclean, A, Mclean, H, Meier, E, Meitner, S, Menard, J, Meneghini, O, Merlo, G, Meyer, W, Miller, D, Miller, W, Moeller, C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Muller, S, Munaretto, S, Murakami, M, Murphy, C, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neiser, T, Nelson, A, Nguyen, P, Nguyen, R, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nygren, R, O'Neill, R, Odstrcil, T, Ohdachi, S, Okabayashi, M, Olofsson, E, Ono, M, Orlov, D, Osborne, T, Pablant, N, Pace, D, Paguio, R, Pajares Martinez, A, Pan, C, Pankin, A, Park, J, Park, Y, Parker, C, Parker, S, Parks, P, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Penaflor, B, Petrie, T, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pigarov, A, Piglowski, D, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Podesta, M, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Prater, R, Qian, J, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raman, R, Rand, C, Randall, G, Rauch, J, Rea, C, Reinke, M, Ren, J, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Rognlien, T, Rost, J, Rowan, W, Rudakov, D, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sauter, O, Schissel, D, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schuster, E, 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Abadie, T. W. Abrams, J. Ahn, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, J. Allcock, E. O. Allen, S. Allen, J. P. Anderson, A. Ashourvan, M. E. Austin, J. Bak, K. K. Barada, N. Barbour, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, J. L. Barton, E. M. Bass, D. Battaglia, L. R. Baylor, J. Beckers, E. A. Belli, J. W. Berkery, N. Bertelli, J. M. Bialek, J. A. Boedo, R. L. Boivin, P. T. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, M. D. Boyer, R. E. Brambila, B. Bray, D. P. Brennan, A. R. Briesemeister, S. A. Bringuier, M. W. Brookman, D. L. Brower, B. R. Brown, W. D. Brown, D. Buchenauer, M. G. Burke, K. H. Burrell, J. Butt, R. J. Buttery, I. Bykov, J. M. Candy, J. M. Canik, N. M. Cao, L. Carbajal Gomez, L. C. Carlson, T. N. Carlstrom, T. A. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, V. S. Chan, B. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, R. Chen, Xi Chen, W. Choi, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, R. M. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, C. F. Clauser, M. Clement, J. Coburn, C. S. Collins, A. W. Cooper, B. M. Covele, J. W. Crippen, N. A. Crocker, B. J. Crowley, A. Dal Molin, E. M. Davis, J. S. deGrassie, C. A. del-Castillo-Negrete, L. F. Delgado-Aparicio, A. Diallo, S. J. Diem, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, J. L. Doane, D. C. Donovan, J. Drake, D. Du, H. Du, X. Du, V. Duarte, J. D. Duran, N. W. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, W. Elwasif, T. E. Ely, K. M. Eng, K. Engelhorn, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. R. Ernst, T. E. Evans, M. E. Fenstermacher, N. M. Ferraro, J. R. Ferron, D. F. Finkenthal, P. A. Fisher, B. Fishler, S. M. Flanagan, J. A. Fooks, L. Frassinetti, H. G. Frerichs, Y. Fu, T. Fulop, Q. Gao, F. Garcia, A. M. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, L. Giacomelli, E. M. Giraldez, C. Giroud, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, Y. A. Gorelov, R. S. Granetz, D. L. Green, C. M. Greenfield, B. A. Grierson, R. J. Groebner, W. H. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. J. Grunloh, H. Y. Guo, W. Guo, J. Guterl, R. C. Hager, S. Hahn, F. D. Halpern, H. Han, M. J. Hansink, J. M. Hanson, J. Harris, S. R. Haskey, D. R. Hatch, W. W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, D. N. Hill, M. D. Hill, E. T. Hinson, C. T. Holcomb, C. G. Holland, L. D. Holland, E. M. Hollmann, A. M. Holm, R. Hong, M. Hoppe, S. Houshmandyar, J. Howard, N. T. Howard, Q. Hu, W. Hu, H. Huang, J. Huang, Y. Huang, G. A. Hughes, J. Hughes, D. A. Humphreys, A. W. Hyatt, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, R. C. Isler, V. A. Izzo, M. R. Jackson, A. E. Jarvinen, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, R. Jimenez, C. A. Johnson, I. Joseph, D. N. Kaczala, D. H. Kaplan, J. Kates-Harbeck, A. G. Kellman, D. H. Kellman, C. E. Kessel, K. Khumthong, C. C. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, S. H. Kim, W. Kimura, J. R. King, A. Kirk, K. Kleijwegt, M. Knolker, A. Kohn, E. Kolemen, M. Kostuk, G. J. Kramer, P. Kress, D. M. Kriete, R. J. La Haye, F. M. Laggner, H. Lan, M. J. Lanctot, R. Lantsov, L. L. Lao, C. J. Lasnier, C. Lau, K. Law, D. Lawrence, J. Le, R. L. Lee, M. Lehnen, R. Leon, A. W. Leonard, M. Lesher, J. A. Leuer, G. Li, K. Li, K. T. Liao, Z. Lin, C. Liu, F. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Loch, N. C. Logan, J. M. Lohr, J. Lore, T. C. Luce, N. C. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, C. Luo, Z. Luo, L. Lupin-Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. C. Lyons, X. Ma, R. Maingi, M. A. Makowski, P. Mantica, M. Manuel, M. W. Margo, A. Marinoni, E. Marmar, W. C. Martin, R. L. Masline, G. K. Matsunaga, D. M. Mauzey, P. S. Mauzey, J. T. Mcclenaghan, G. R. Mckee, A. G. Mclean, H. S. Mclean, E. Meier, S. J. Meitner, J. E. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, W. H. Meyer, D. C. Miller, W. J. Miller, C. P. Moeller, K. J. Montes, M. A. Morales, S. Mordijck, A. Moser, R. A. Moyer, S. A. Muller, S. Munaretto, M. Murakami, C. J. Murphy, C. M. Muscatello, C. E. Myers, A. Nagy, G. A. Navratil, R. M. Nazikian, A. L. Neff, T. F. Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J. H. Nichols, M. Nocente, R. E. Nygren, R. C. O'Neill, T. Odstrcil, S. Ohdachi, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, M. Ono, D. M. Orlov, T. H. Osborne, N. A. Pablant, D. C. Pace, R. R. Paguio, A. Pajares Martinez, C. Pan, A. Pankin, J. M. Park, J. Park, Y. Park, C. T. Parker, S. E. Parker, P. B. Parks, C. J. Pawley, C. A. Paz-Soldan, W. A. Peebles, B. G. Penaflor, T. W. Petrie, C. C. Petty, Y. Peysson, A. Y. Pigarov, D. A. Piglowski, R. I. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, R. A. Pitts, J. D. Pizzo, M. L. Podesta, F. M. Poli, D. Ponce, M. Porkolab, G. D. Porter, R. Prater, J. Qian, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, R. Raman, C. Rand, G. C. Randall, J. M. Rauch, C. Rea, M. L. Reinke, J. Ren, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, T. L. Rhodes, J. Rice, T. D. Rognlien, J. C. Rost, W. L. Rowan, D. L. Rudakov, A. Salmi, B. S. Sammuli, C. M. Samuell, A. M. Sandorfi, C. Sang, O. J. Sauter, D. P. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, E. J. Schuster, J. T. Scoville, A. Seltzman, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, H. Shen, T. Shi, D. Shiraki, H. Si, D. R. Smith, S. P. Smith, J. A. Snipes, P. B. Snyder, E. R. Solano, W. M. Solomon, A. C. Sontag, V. A. Soukhanovskii, D. A. Spong, W. M. Stacey, G. M. Staebler, L. Stagner, B. Stahl, P. C. Stangeby, T. J. Stoltzfus-Dueck, D. P. Stotler, E. J. Strait, D. Su, L. E. Sugiyama, A. A. Sulyman, Y. Sun, C. Sung, W. A. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, R. M. Sweeney, S. Taimourzadeh, M. Takechi, T. Tala, H. Tan, S. Tang, X. Tang, D. Taussig, G. Taylor, N. Z. Taylor, T. S. Taylor, A. Teklu, D. M. Thomas, M. B. Thomas, K. E. Thome, A. R. Thorman, R. A. Tinguely, B. J. Tobias, J. F. Tooker, H. Torreblanca, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. L. Trevisan, D. Truong, F. Turco, A. D. Turnbull, E. A. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. J. Vail, M. A. Van Zeeland, M. Velasco Enriquez, M. C. Venkatesh, B. S. Victor, F. Volpe, M. R. Wade, M. L. Walker, J. R. Wall, G. M. Wallace, R. E. Waltz, G. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, S. H. Ward, J. G. Watkins, M. Watkins, W. P. Wehner, M. Weiland, D. B. Weisberg, A. S. Welander, A. E. White, R. B. White, D. Whyte, T. A. Wijkamp, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, H. R. Wilson, A. Wingen, E. Wolfe, M. Wu, W. Wu, S. J. Wukitch, T. Xia, N. Xiang, B. Xiao, R. Xie, G. Xu, H. Xu, X. Xu, Z. Yan, Q. Yang, X. Yang, M. Yoshida, G. Yu, J. H. Yu, M. Yu, S. A. Zamperini, L. Zeng, B. Zhao, D. Zhao, H. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhu, and B. Zywicki

Abstract

DIII-D research is addressing critical challenges in preparation for ITER and the next generation of fusion devices through focusing on plasma physics fundamentals that underpin key fusion goals, understanding the interaction of disparate core and boundary plasma physics, and developing integrated scenarios for achieving high performance fusion regimes. Fundamental investigations into fusion energy science find that anomalous dissipation of runaway electrons (RE) that arise following a disruption is likely due to interactions with RE-driven kinetic instabilities, some of which have been directly observed, opening a new avenue for RE energy dissipation using naturally excited waves. Dimensionless parameter scaling of intrinsic rotation and gyrokinetic simulations give a predicted ITER rotation profile with significant turbulence stabilization. Coherence imaging spectroscopy confirms near sonic flow throughout the divertor towards the target, which may account for the convection-dominated parallel heat flux. Core-boundary integration studies show that the small angle slot divertor achieves detachment at lower density and extends plasma cooling across the divertor target plate, which is essential for controlling heat flux and erosion. The Super H-mode regime has been extended to high plasma current (2.0 MA) and density to achieve very high pedestal pressures (∼30 kPa) and stored energy (3.2 MJ) with H 98y2 ≈ 1.6-2.4. In scenario work, the ITER baseline Q = 10 scenario with zero injected torque is found to have a fusion gain metric independent of current between q 95 = 2.8-3.7, and a lower limit of pedestal rotation for RMP ELM suppression has been found. In the wide pedestal QH-mode regime that exhibits improved performance and no ELMs, the start-up counter torque has been eliminated so that the entire discharge uses ≈0 injected torque and the operating space is more ITER-relevant. Finally, the high- (3.8) hybrid scenario has been extended to the high-density levels ne

Published
2019

3. Evaluation of low-frequency operational limit of proposed ITER low-field-side reflectometer waveguide run including miter bends

Author

C. Wannberg, G. R. Hanson, Cornwall Lau, E. J. Doyle, W. A. Peebles, G. Wang, J. L. Doane, and Neal Crocker

Subjects
Physics, Linear polarization, business.industry, Gaussian, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Low frequency, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Miter joint, symbols.namesake, Optics, Transmission line, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), Gaussian beam
Abstract

The present design concept for the ITER low-field-side reflectometer transmission line (TL) consists of an ∼40 m long, 6.35 cm diameter helically corrugated waveguide (WG) together with ten 90° miter bends. This paper presents an evaluation of the TL performance at low frequencies (33-50 GHz) where the predicted HE11 mode ohmic and mode conversion losses start to increase significantly. Quasi-optical techniques were used to form a near Gaussian beam to efficiently couple radiation in this frequency range into the WG. It was observed that the output beams from the guide remained linearly polarized with cross-polarization power levels of ∼1.5%-3%. The polarization rotation due to the helical corrugations was in the range ∼1°-3°. The radiated beam power profiles typically show excellent Gaussian propagation characteristics at distances >20 cm from the final exit aperture. The round trip propagation loss was found to be ∼2.5 dB at 50 GHz and ∼6.5 dB at 35 GHz, showing an inverse increase with frequency. This was consistent with updated calculations of miter bend and ohmic losses. At low frequencies (33-50 GHz), the mode purity remained very good at the exit of the waveguide, and the losses are perfectly acceptable for operation in ITER. The primary challenge may come from the future addition of a Gaussian telescope and other filter components within the corrugated guide, which will likely introduce additional perturbations to the beam profile and an increase in mode-conversion loss.

Published
2017

4. Design of Circular Corrugated Waveguides to Transmit Millimeter Waves at ITER

Author

J. L. Doane

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cyclotron, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, Civil and Structural Engineering, 010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Bandwidth (signal processing), Magnetic confinement fusion, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Wavelength, Electric power transmission, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Millimeter, business, Waveguide, Gaussian beam
Abstract

Low-loss circular waveguides will be needed for a large number of millimeter-wave transmission lines on ITER, including those transmitting electron cyclotron power and diagnostic signals. In order to provide low-loss transmission, the waveguides need to be several wavelengths in diameter. Corrugating the walls reduces the loss further not only in straight runs but also at bends, and makes the waveguide robust against small deformations. We present results of theoretical calculations showing that these properties can be maintained over very wide bandwidths suitable for ITER applications. The computer code used to make these calculations is based on a space-harmonic analysis of the fields. Measurements on waveguides are described that validate the theory for corrugated waveguides semiquantitatively. Tolerances on the corrugation geometry, waveguide bore, waveguide junctions, input Gaussian beam alignment, and waveguide support alignment are discussed. It is shown that the low-loss properties of corr...

Published
2008

5. Transmission Line Technology for Electron Cyclotron Heating

Author

J. L. Doane and R. A. Olstad

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, 020209 energy, Cyclotron, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Electron cyclotron resonance, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Transmission line, Gyrotron, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Magnetic confinement fusion, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Continuous wave, business, Waveguide, Microwave
Abstract

We briefly review the history of transmission line technology for electron cyclotron heating (ECH) applications and then survey the major developments over the past few years. These developments are grouped by function. Papers in this special issue are highlighted. We concentrate on the transmission from a matching optics unit near a gyrotron microwave source to the location of a vacuum window near the plasma, without review of window and launcher technology. Prospects for components handling more than 1-MW continuous wave are reviewed. While both waveguide and free-space propagation are considered, a greater emphasis is placed on corrugated waveguide components in preparation for the ITER ECH system.

Published
2008

6. Considerations in Selection of ECH System Transmission Line Waveguide Diameter for ITER

Author

J L Doane, R.A. Olstad, and C P Moeller

Subjects
History, Waveguide (electromagnetism), Engineering, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Tapering, Computer Science Applications, Education, Miter joint, Bellows, Electric power transmission, Optics, Transmission (telecommunications), Transmission line, Heat generation, business
Abstract

The reference diameter for the ECH transmission lines is presently 63.5 mm. Analyses of the heat generation and removal in 63.5 mm corrugated waveguide components were reported [R.A. Olstad, et al., Proc. of IAEA TM on ECRH Physics and Technology for ITER, Kloster Seeon, Germany, 2003, http://ipp.mpg.de/tmseeon; R.A. Olstad et al., ''ECH MW-level CW Transmission Line Components Suitable for ITER,'' to be published in Fusion Eng. & Design (2005)]. Those analyses concluded that the temperature of all components could be kept to acceptable levels, even with operation at 2 MW cw per transmission line. Recently interest has been expressed in the community about the possible advantages of using a smaller diameter waveguide for ITER, particularly because of limited space available at both the equatorial and upper launchers. In addition to ameliorating the space constraints, there could be large cost savings for a modest diameter reduction in certain transmission line components, particularly gate valves and CVD diamond window assemblies at the entrance to the launchers. Results of a tradeoff study on ITER waveguide diameter are reported. Diameters considered range from 45 mm to 63.5 mm; consideration is also given to the possibility of tapering down to 31.75 mm at the launchers. The most critical issue for smaller diameter components is the increased losses and increased power densities. These lead to more demanding cooling provisions and higher operating temperatures for components such as miter bends, power monitor miter bends, bellows, dc breaks, waveguide switches, and waveguide sections adjacent to miter bends. In addition, the overall transmission efficiency of the ITER transmission lines would be reduced.

Published
2005

7. Improved operation of the Michelson interferometer electron cyclotron emission diagnostic on DIII-D

Author

Max E Austin, J. L. Doane, R. F. Ellis, and R. A. James

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, business.industry, Cyclotron, Physics::Optics, Michelson interferometer, law.invention, Optics, Polarization scrambling, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electron temperature, Plasma diagnostics, Cyclotron radiation, business, Instrumentation, Waveguide
Abstract

The measurement of accurate temperature profiles is critical for transport analysis and equilibrium reconstruction in the DIII-D tokamak. Recent refinements in the Michelson interferometer diagnostic have produced more precise electron temperature measurements from electron cyclotron emission and made them available for a wider range of discharge conditions. Replacement of a lens-relay with a low-loss corrugated waveguide transmission system resulted in an increase in throughput of 6 dB and a reduction of calibration error from 15% to 5%. The waveguide exhibits a small polarization scrambling fraction of 0.05 at the quarter-wavelength frequency and very stable transmission characteristics over time. Further reduction in error was realized through special signal processing of the calibration and plasma interferograms.

Published
1997

8. Development of inside launch reflectometer systems on the DIII‐D tokamaka)

Author

W. A. Peebles, E. J. Doyle, J. L. Doane, and T. L. Rhodes

Subjects
Physics, DIII-D, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Plasma, Polarization (waves), Electromagnetic radiation, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Cutoff, Plasma diagnostics, business, Reflectometry, Instrumentation, Microwave
Abstract

Inside launch (high field side) reflectometry is necessary for routine core access on DIII‐D and is a very attractive option for ITER and TPX. For high temperature reactor relevant plasmas, relativistic corrections for the left‐hand cutoff (inside launched) are relatively small, whereas these substantially affect the location of the normal right hand cutoff. On DIII‐D, core access using the right hand cutoff is restricted to low density plasmas, while O‐mode polarization is incompatible with flat H‐mode density profiles. Routine core access can, however, be obtained using the left‐hand cutoff and inside launch. On ITER and TPX, outside launch X‐mode systems need to operate at high frequency, ∼100–250 GHz, such that the left‐hand cutoff, which is at much lower frequency, ∼0–75 GHz, is an attractive option for high density operation. In addition, inside launch reflectometry can be used to investigate plasma asymmetries; on DIII‐D an inboard/outboard asymmetry in turbulence response is observed at the L‐H tr...

Published
1995

9. HE11mitre bends and gaps in a circular corrugated waveguide

Author

C. P. Moeller and J. L. Doane

Subjects
Diffraction, Wavelength, Optics, Materials science, business.industry, law, Transmission loss, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, High order, business, Waveguide, Mode matching, law.invention
Abstract

The HE11 transmission loss in a mitre bend or gap in a corrugated waveguide is derived using mode matching techniques. For a gap length L in a waveguide of diameter D = 2a at a wavelength λ, the predicted loss for D ⋙ λ is approximately l·7[Lλ(2a2)]3/2dB. Measured data versus gap length oscillate about this predicted value due to the diffraction of very high order modes. For a mitre bend, L = D. The loss in mitre bends where the corrugations are continued up to the mirror should be reduced by half from the above formula due to the reduced diffraction. Measured data on mitre bends that are in agreement with these expectations are presented. In addition, the design of a mitre bend assembly for a 1·25 in waveguide at 110 GHz using an HE11/HE12 mode mixture to reduce the diffraction is described. The measured HE11 transmission losses in six of these assemblies in series were 0·46% and 0·54% per bend for H-plane and E-plane orientations, respectively. The inferred mode conversion loss of 0·38% is less...

Published
1994

10. PROGRESS ON DESIGN AND TESTING OF CORRUGATED WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS SUITABLE FOR ITER ECH AND CD TRANSMISSION LINES

Author

R. A. Olstad, R. W. Callis, H. J. Grunloh, J. L. Doane, and C. P. Moeller

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Nuclear engineering, Cyclotron, Electrical engineering, Thermal management of electronic devices and systems, law.invention, Electric power transmission, Transmission line, law, Gyrotron, Performance requirement, business, Waveguide
Abstract

The performance requirement of 1 (possibly 2) MW cw at 170 GHz for ITER Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive transmission line components is much more demanding than the 1 MW 10 s performance, generally at 110 GHz, that has been demonstrated on present devices. The high ITER heat loads will require enhanced cooling and, for some components, new or modified designs. In addition to thermal management issues, the components must be designed to have very low losses in order to meet the ITER transmission line efficiency requirements. Testing at representative ITER conditions of some components has been initiated at the JAEA 170 GHz gyrotron test stand at Naka, Japan. Plans for testing additional components, both at JAEA and in the US will be presented. The US ITER Project Office (USIPO) plans to test a complete prototype ITER transmission line in order to validate the designs for use on ITER, and GA is providing some components to the USIPO for initial tests.

Published
2009

11. DIII-D divertor reflectometer system

Author

E. J. Doyle, T. L. Rhodes, Kang Wook Kim, J. L. Doane, X. V. Nguyen, and W. A. Peebles

Subjects
Physics, DIII-D, Nuclear engineering, Divertor, Polarization (waves), law.invention, Radiation pattern, law, Design process, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Waveguide, Microwave
Abstract

Divertor density profiles, asymmetries, turbulence, and MARFE diagnosis are extremely important and affect the divertor design process for ITER and other future devices. In addition, a functioning divertor density profile system will be essential for the operation of these machines. It is thus critical to prototype and demonstrate diagnostics capable of operating in a divertor environment. To meet these needs a divertor reflectometer system has been designed and installed on DIII-D. The design stresses flexibility, modularity, and simplicity. It consists of a circular, smoothwall, overmoded waveguide followed by a TE11⇒HE11 mode converter (the HE11 mode is a low loss Gaussian mode with a very symmetric radiation pattern, optimal for this use) thus allowing use of an arbitrary polarization (fpe,fLH,fRH). The design provides for testing of a variety of antennas/probing directions including: upward to probe the X-point region, including MARFEs, sideways to probe outboard/inboard divertor legs, and oppositely...

Published
1997

14. Improved performance of an optically pumped FIR laser using metallic waveguide

Author

J. L. Doane, D. L. Brower, C. Jing, Y. Jiang, and W. A. Peebles

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Far-infrared laser, Laser, Polarization (waves), Electromagnetic radiation, law.invention, Optical pumping, Optics, law, Optoelectronics, Plasma diagnostics, Radiation mode, business, Instrumentation, Waveguide
Abstract

In order to improve the overall output characteristics of far‐infrared (FIR) lasers, recent development at UCLA has concentrated on the use of a metallic overmoded waveguide (smooth bore and corrugated) instead of a conventional smooth‐bore dielectric waveguide. The metallic waveguide has substantially lower propagation losses, especially at frequencies below 500 GHz, and also supports the desired HE11 mode. Laboratory results show a substantial increase in output power using a corrugated metallic waveguide, with 37 mW being obtained at 1.22 mm using 13CH3F (isotopic methyl fluoride) while maintaining the same mode quality and polarization. This represents an improvement of 100% over a smooth‐bore dielectric waveguide. Comparison of far‐infrared output using the three types of waveguide will be made.

Published
1992

15. Corrigendum

Author

J. L. Doane

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering
Published
2012

16. He11 corrugated waveguide for Ka-band communucations

Author

J. L. Doane

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, law, business.industry, Optoelectronics, Ka band, business, Waveguide, Ohmic contact, law.invention
Abstract

HE11 corrugated waveguide for Ka-band communications corrugated waveguides with ohmic losses of 2 dB/100 m and compact bends with under 0.1% mode conversion at 28 to 30 GHz are described. Design, fabrication, and applications to Ka-band earth stations are discussed.

Published
1994

17. A Coaxial Converter for Transforming a Whispering Gallery Mode to the HE11 Mode

Author

J. L. Doane and C. P. Moeller

Subjects
Engineering, Optics, Plasma heating, business.industry, Wave propagation, Mode selection, Turn (geometry), Mode (statistics), Coaxial, Whispering-gallery wave, business
Abstract

A coaxial analogue of the Vlasov converter is described which transforms a whispering gallery mode into an oversize rectangular TE01 mode, which can in turn be transformed into the HE11 mode by standard techniques.

Published
1992

18. Wave conversion in stratified media with hyperbolic‐tangent nonuniformities

Author

J. L. Doane

Subjects
Physics, Linear differential equation, Wave propagation, Differential equation, Normal mode, Quantum mechanics, Hyperbolic function, Mathematical analysis, Reflection (physics), General Physics and Astronomy, Hypergeometric function, Linear combination
Abstract

A systematic procedure is developed for finding analytical solutions of certain ordinary linear differential equations of arbitrary order, describing reflection and conversion of waves in multiwave media having a concentrated region of nonuniformity. This procedure involves transformation to equations solvable by generalized hypergeometric functions which have the form of normal modes, exp(−ikz), in uniform regions. It is applicable when the variable coefficients in the original equation contain only linear combinations of one varying parameter, p(z), and in certain cases its derivatives or ratios thereof, if p(z) is proportional to tanhz. Arbitrary gradients and dissipation are allowed. The applicability of this procedure to solve for the reflection and conversion coefficients is indicated for second‐, fourth‐, and sixth‐order problems in magnetostatic, spin, and elastic‐wave conversion in magnetic insulators such as yttrium iron garnet, and for electromagnetic‐to‐electrostatic wave conversion in hot pla...

Published
1974

19. Polarization converters for circular waveguide modes

Author

J. L. Doane

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Linear polarization, Converters, Polarizer, Elliptical polarization, Polarization (waves), law.invention, Azimuth, Optics, law, Gyrotron, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Waveguide
Abstract

Small deformations with suitable azimuthal symmetry can be used to convert between rotating and stationary polarizations of any given mode in circular waveguides. Special cases include converters from linear polarization to circular or elliptical polarization, and rotators of linear polarization through arbitrary angles. Rotating (corkscrew type) deformations may also be used to convert between unpolarized TE0m modes and rotating TEpm modes. Polarization converters may be useful in single-mode (TE11) or overmoded waveguides. We consider the design of polarization converters to minimize mode conversion in overmoded waveguides for applications such as gyrotron outputs and electron cyclotron heating (ECH), and give examples for TE11, TM11, and TE23 modes. The performance of a TM11 elliptic polarizer fabricated for an ECH experiment is reviewed. Explicit formulas for all of the needed coupling coefficients are collected in an appendix for reference.

Published
1986

20. Low loss propagation in corrugated rectangular waveguide at 1mm wavelength

Author

J. L. Doane

Subjects
Energy loss, Radiation, Materials science, Fabrication, Wave propagation, business.industry, Transmission loss, Microwave transmission, Condensed Matter Physics, Waveguide (optics), law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, law, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photolithography, business, Instrumentation
Published
1987

21. Parabolic tapers for overmoded waveguides

Author

J. L. Doane

Subjects
Physics, Radiation, business.industry, Mode (statistics), Physics::Optics, Tapering, Wave equation, Condensed Matter Physics, Null (physics), law.invention, Nonlinear system, Optics, Dimension (vector space), Position (vector), law, Quantum mechanics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Classical electromagnetism, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, Waveguide, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Waveguide tapers in which axial position is proportional to the tapered dimension squared can be synthesized from virtually exact solutions of the coupled mode equations. Such tapers have much less mode conversion over narrow bands than equal length linear tapers. The minimum length required to produce a null in the mode conversion is also shorter than that for other nonlinear tapers.

Published
1984

22. X‐mode scattering for the measurement of density fluctuations on TFTR (invited)

Author

A. Kritz, J. L. Doane, P. Efthimion, and N. Bretz

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, Thomson scattering, Scattering, Inelastic scattering, Polarization (waves), Electromagnetic radiation, Computational physics, law.invention, Wavelength, law, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Local field
Abstract

Most microwave scattering measurements in tokamaks are done with the polarization of the incident radiation approximately parallel to the toroidal field (ordinary mode) and at a frequency which is sufficiently above the plasma frequency ωpe that refraction effects are small. However, as confinement devices get hotter, drift wave turbulence is expected to occur at longer wavelengths. In order to observe density fluctuations associated with these phenomena with good spatial resolution, the ideal probe wavelength λi is near or beyond the ordinary cutoff at λi=2πc/ωpe. As a result, we have considered the propagation and scattering of the extraordinary (X) mode where the incident polarization is nearly perpendicular to the confining fields and where the cutoff density is significantly higher than in the ordinary mode. We have modeled the propagation of the X mode in a tokamak field geometry and shown that the polarization typically remains perpendicular to the local field along the ray path, simplifying the in...

Published
1988

23. Measurement of Echoes Due to Spurious TEOnModes in a Long-Distance 60-mm Waveguide Communication System

Author

J. L. Doane

Subjects
Engineering, Field (physics), business.industry, Acoustics, General Engineering, Mode (statistics), Communications system, Test set, Electronic engineering, Waveguide (acoustics), Millimeter, Spurious relationship, business, Impulse response
Abstract

To estimate the seriousness of spurious TE on mode generation in a long-distance millimeter waveguide communication system requires a measurement of small echoes in the impulse response with delays up to about 500 ns. We report the results of such a measurement made as part of a recent 14-km field test of the WT4 communication system with a novel test set operating near 41 GHz. The results show that the WT4 system can perform satisfactorily without any filters of spurious TE on modes.

Published
1978

24. Plasma density measurements using FM–CW millimeter wave radar techniques

Author

E. Mazzucato, J. L. Doane, and G. L. Schmidt

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Plasma, law.invention, Continuous-wave radar, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optics, Narrowband, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Extremely high frequency, Measuring instrument, Plasma diagnostics, Radar, business, Instrumentation, Frequency modulation
Abstract

Modified FM–CW radar techniques using swept millimeter–wave oscillators are useful for determining when a particular density has been reached in a plasma. Narrowband measurements on the Princeton Large Torus (PLT) demonstrate the suitability of these techniques for controlling high‐power auxiliary plasma heating systems. Broadband measurements using these same techniques are proposed, by which the density profile could be determined.

Published
1981

26. Gyrotron collective Thomson scattering diagnostic for confined alpha particles in TFTR

Author

R. C. Myer, J. L. Doane, Daniel R. Cohn, J. S. Machuzak, P. Efthimion, N. Bretz, and Paul P. Woskov

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Thomson scattering, law, Scattering, Gyrotron, Black-body radiation, Plasma diagnostics, Plasma, Alpha particle, Instrumentation, Microwave, law.invention
Abstract

A 200‐kW, ∼60‐GHz gyrotron will be used on TFTR during D–T operation for collective Thomson scattering diagnostics of confined alpha‐particle velocity distribution and density. Scattering angles of up to 120° are under consideration using x‐mode propagation to increase the density cutoff limit. Useful signal‐to‐noise ratios will be possible in plasmas where ne≳5×1013 cm−3, nα≳2×1011 cm−3, and the background emission is ≲30 eV equivalent blackbody level.

Published
1988

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