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For years Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has served as a key indicator of human progress and “successful” societies. Unfortunately, GDP has failed to robustly capture the human experience or predict resilience through crises; and obscures the presence of inequity -- a key determinant of suffering. It is clear the global community needs a new organizing principle: one that envisions and measures progress by focusing on the conditions that support health, resilience, and overall wellbeing. This paper examines key health promotion concepts and approaches, juxtaposed with philosophical underpinnings of the concept of wellbeing, alternative measurement strategies, and examples of wellbeing policy initiatives. In doing so, the paper highlights the relevance of wellbeing policy frameworks to health promotion, the utility of health promotion strategies for implementing wellbeing policy frameworks, and controversies and pitfalls that require consideration. The paper concludes by outlining how health promotion is uniquely poised to contribute to wellbeing policy frameworks that promote the sources of human and planetary thriving through sustainable development, and that promoting a wellbeing agenda can strengthen efforts to promote health by addressing social determinants and ensuring universal access to resources that support coping with emerging challenges and strengthen resilience.

Community engagement is crucial for controlling disease outbreak and mitigating natural and industrial disasters. The COVID-19 pandemic has reconfirmed the need to elevate community engagement to build equity, trust and sustained action in future health promotion preparedness strategies. Using the health promotion strategy of strengthening community action enhances the opportunity for better outcomes. There is, therefore, a need to improve our understanding of community engagement practices during crises, scale-up good community engagement initiatives, and improve and sustain people-centered approaches to emergency responses. This paper presents five case studies from the United States, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Kenya and South Africa that demonstrate the potential strengths that can be nurtured to build resilience in local communities to help mitigate the impact of disasters and emergencies. The case studies highlight the importance of co-developing relevant education and communication strategies, amplifying the role of community leaders, empowering community members to achieve shared goals, assessing and adapting to changing contexts, pre-planning and readiness for future emergencies and acknowledgement of historic context. ispartof: HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL vol:36 issue:Supplement_1 pages:I24-I38 ispartof: location:England status: published

This paper explores how the salutogenic theory can enable us to re-envision health promotion work with marginalized communities, towards an approach that acknowledges and honours their resilience. We use the three core concepts in Antonovsky’s salutogenic model of health – sense of coherence, generalized resistance resources and specific resistance resources – to explore the theory’s relevance to health equity, thus presenting new opportunities for how we might radically re-evaluate current health promotion approaches. We conclude that a more equitable health promotion requires increased participation of marginalized communities in shaping their futures and suggest a new model for historically grounded salutogenic health promotion.

SummaryRacism is a public health crisis. Black communities (including Africans, the African diaspora and people of African descent) experience worse health outcomes as demonstrated by almost any measure of health and wellbeing—e.g. life expectancy; disease prevalence; maternal mortality rates. While health promotion has its foundation in promoting equity and social justice, it is clear that however well-intended, we are not affecting meaningful change for Black communities quickly enough. Through this article, we outline the intersection of social determinants of health and anti-Black racism. We describe how in the first 8 months of 2020 Black communities around the globe have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19, while also having to respond to new instances of police brutality. We assert that the time has come for health promotion to stop neutralizing the specific needs of Black communities into unspoken ‘good intentions’. Instead, we offer some concrete ways for the field to become outspoken, intentional and honest in acknowledging what it will take to radically shift how we promote health and wellbeing for Black people.

As a scientific discipline, health promotion has expanded beyond its earlier roots of one-way information dissemination in health education into to a broader, more inclusive approach that considers community perspectives. Since the Ottawa Charter, the field of health promotion has been evolving at a rapid pace, as our understanding of human behavior has deepened; our policy and programs have become more nuanced. The Charter, and subsequent global agreements and frameworks, has further expanded our work and led to the current emphasis on the Social Determinants of Health in designing and developing health-promoting settings, initiatives, and policies. The potential of the Arts as a powerful force to guide and influence health promotion offers endless possibilities to reach and engage the public in new and creative action around health-related issues and well-being. In its myriad forms (painting, plays, photography, song, etc.), the Arts provide a solid medium through which the fusion of culture as well as equity and human rights concerns can be integrated into health promotion policy and practice. Artistic approaches serve the social justice aims of health promotion by providing tangible means to facilitate the amplification of sidelined “voices” and increasing the visibility of invisible or hidden aspects of health and well-being. This book, Arts and Health Promotion: Tools and Bridges for Practice, Research, and Social Transformation, positions the transformative role of the co-creation of knowledge and illustrates how various creative forms of expression have been applied and can be advanced into an important new dimension of health promotion. Filled with rich examples using different art forms to promote health through practice, research, and social mobilization, this book is a “must read” for policymakers and field practitioners. It is also an excellent resource for students, researchers, and scholars, as preparation for the next generation of health promoters., Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos

In this final chapter, drawing from examples presented in the book, we theorize a way of understanding how art may increase synergy in the pursuit of health promotion goals by facilitating deeper engagement with one’s self and with others, as well as by supporting the process of making sense of context. We also argue that art can promote social justice by amplifying voice, leveraging power, and honoring multiple ways of knowing. We conclude by highlighting implications for the field of health promotion and suggest lines of further research to build theory.

Several health research organisations whose work focuses on international collaboration outline guidelines that support ethical practice in health research partnerships including building consensus around good collaborative research practice. This paper explores researcher's perspectives, experiences, and reflections on the elements of successful health research partnerships between Northern and Southern countries/institutions. The study adopted a qualitative research approach using in-depth interviews to explore what an authentic partnership is as experienced and aspired by stakeholders in health research partnerships in Zambia. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders implementing various health research activities in the country. Our findings revealed that Southern partners aspired for equal status and participation, transparency, and accountability, interdependency, and reciprocity, commitment to shared goals, open dialogue and sustainability in partnerships. While to some extent these aspirations overlap with the categories covered throughout the different partnership guidelines, some key aspects go beyond what is included in existing recommendations such as status and recognition which are salient in the broader guidelines. An important aspect in dismantling power structures that causes inequality in partnerships is through generating knowledge and innovation using local resources in the South to address local needs which can be subsequently re-used to address challenges at the global level.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) lay the foundations for supporting global health and international development work for the next 15 years. Thirty years ago, the Ottawa Charter defined health promotion and outlined key principles for global action on health, including the importance of advocating, enabling and mediating for health equity. Advocacy underscores a human right to health and suggests political action to support its attainment. Enabling speaks to health promotion’s focus on the empowerment of people and communities to take control over their health and aspirations. Mediation draws attention to the critical intersectoral partnerships required to address health and social inequities. Underpinned by this approach, the aim of this paper is to consider how key health promotion principles, namely, rights, empowerment and partnership feature (and are framed) within the SDGs and to consider how these framings may shape future directions for health promotion. To that end, a critical frame analysis of the Transforming Our World document was conducted. The analysis interrogated varying uses and meanings of partnerships, empowerment and rights (and their connections) within the SDGs. The analysis here presents three framings from the SDGs: (1) a moral code for global action on (in)equity; (2) a future orientation to address global issues yet devoid of history; and (3) a reductionist framing of health as the absence of disease. These framings raise important questions about the underpinning values of the SDGs and pathways to health equity – offering both challenges and opportunities for defining the nature and scope of health promotion.

Established in 2002, Latinos in a Network for Cancer Control is a community–academic network supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute. The network includes >130 individuals from 65 community and academic organizations committed to reducing cancer-related health disparities. Using an empirically derived systems model—the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning—as the analytic frame, we interviewed 19 partners to identify challenges and successful processes. Findings indicated that sustained partner interaction created “meaningful relationships” that were routinely called on for collaboration. The leadership was regarded positively on vision, charisma, and capacity. Limitations included overreliance on a single leader. Suggestions supported more delegation of decision making, consistent communication, and more equitable resource distribution. The study highlighted new insights into dynamics of collaboration: Greater inclusiveness of inputs (partners, finances, mission) and loosely defined roles and structure produced strong connections but less network-wide productivity (output). Still, this profile enabled the creation of more tightly defined and highly productive subgroups, with clear goals and roles but less inclusive of inputs than the larger network. Important network outputs included practice-based research publications, cancer control intervention materials, and training to enhance the use of evidence-based interventions, as well as continued and diversified funding.

Palliative care is specialized health care to improve quality of life for patients with serious illness and their families through prevention and relief of suffering. A Palliative Care Institute was held in western Washington to capture community voices about diverse needs, strengths, and opportunities for improvement of palliative care. Researchers employed qualitative methods to obtain thematic data, provide real-time analysis, and engage in a multivoting technique to reflect stakeholder interest in individual themes and prioritize larger group interests. Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems framework was used to explore caregiver experiences. Within the microsystem, caregivers reported difficulties in interactions with medical providers as a key challenge. Within the mesosysytem, interactions between patients and medical providers and the impact on caregivers were explored. Within the exosystem, caregivers reported lack of control over the schedules of personal care staff. Macrosystem influences included impact of local culture on the development of palliative care services. Chronosystem influences include de-medicalization of childbirth and its impact on perceptions of palliative care. Implications include the need for social workers to be proactive in fostering trust and effective communication between care providers and caregivers, and the demand for health care provider training in communication with patients and families.

En 1978, sous la direction de l'Organisation mondiale de la sante (OMS) et du Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance (UNICEF), 134 ministres de la sante a travers le monde ont signe une declaration par laquelle ils s'engageaient a atteindre « la Sante pour tous d'ici l'an 2000 ». Aujourd'hui, malheureusement, « la Sante pour tous » reste un reve lointain. Le present article nous explique que l'echec du projet decoule de l'abandon de ses strategies initiales qui impliquaient collaboration et participation intersectorielle. A la fin des annees 70, une prise de conscience grandissante a fait de la repartition inegale du fardeau des maladies entre pays pauvres et pays riches une preoccupation mondiale. La Declaration d'Alma-Ata a tente d'apporter une reponse a ce probleme a travers le principe des soins de sante primaires universels (SSP). Par ces SSP on s'est efforce de dispenser une education a la sante et de promouvoir le recours a une nourriture saine et a une alimentation equilibree, l'acces a l'eau potable et a des installations sanitaires de base; ainsi que les soins de sante maternels et infantiles, la vaccination, le traitement des maladies courantes et des accidents; et enfin l'acces aux medicaments essentiels. Vingt-sept annees apres le lancement de « la Sante pour tous », les objectifs du projet sont loin d'etre atteints. Des chiffres recents montrent une disparite encore plus grande entre pays riches et pays pauvres que celle qui existait dans les annees 70. Un examen de la litterature revele un grand nombre d'obstacles ayant empeche l'initiative de la « Sante pour tous » d'etre correctement mise en oeuvre dans les pays en voie de developpement Tout d'abord, la signification des SSP a ete mal comprise. L'engagement qu'ils impliquaient en terme de participation et de collaboration s'est litteralement perdu dans la traduction. Un exemple de cette mauvaise interpretation est la traduction erronee de l'expression « primary health care » (soins de sante primaires) en espagnol (atencion primaria de salud). Ensuite, les objectifs de « la Sante pour tous » ont ete amoindris. Les objectifs globaux des SSP ont ete critiques, car consideres comme irrealistes, et rapidement remplaces par les « soins de sante primaires selectifs » axes sur des programmes verticaux comme la surveillance de la croissance des enfants, les solutions de rehydratation orales, l'allaitement maternel et la vaccination. Des programmes drastiques d'ajustement structurel ont egalement ete desastreux pour la mise en oeuvre des SSP. La « Reforme du secteur sanitaire » de la Banque mondiale a affaibli le concept en mettant l'accent sur les strategies de recouvrement des couts, les assurances maladies privees et les partenariats public-prive pour la prestation de services. L'OMS a ete critiquee: on lui a reproche de n'avoir pas fourni le leadership necessaire pour soutenir la « Sante pour tous », et notamment d'accepter des gouvernements un interet de pure forme. Aujourd'hui, la « Sante pour tous » reste un objectif important a poursuivre. Cependant, sa reussite necessite des intervenants un reengagement a collaborer et a participer. Les ONGs ont un role decisif a jouer: en s'unissant les unes aux autres ainsi qu'avec des mouvements de terrain, elles peuvent donner une « voix » aux peuples. Ensemble, ils peuvent motiver les gouvernements a adopter des politiques qui tiennent compte des contextes sociaux et donner aux populations la force de demander des comptes aux gouvernements.

Many nongovernmental organizations in Africa rely on grassroots volunteers to provide critical health services. Considering context and the interplay of individual, organizational, and societal influences on the experience of volunteers, this paper addresses three questions: What do grassroots volunteers contribute? What organizational processes promote volunteer engagement? What are the positive and negative consequences of volunteering? Eighteen members and staff of the Tanzanian HIV and AIDS NGO, KIWAKKUKI, were selected from 6000+ women volunteers to be interviewed. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for themes. Within KIWAKKUKI, volunteers contributed time and local knowledge, leading to an indigenous educational approach building on local norms and customs. Volunteers’ engagement was motivated by the desire to support family members, reverse stigma, and work/socialize with other women. Benefits to volunteers included skills acquisition and community recognition; yet some volunteers also reported negative experiences including burnout, conferred stigma, and domestic violence. Positive organizational processes built on cultural practices such as collective decision-making and singing. The findings point to important considerations about context, including the synergistic effect training can have on local traditions of caring, complications of gender inequity, and how community health planning processes may need to be modified in extremely poor settings. This research also suggests good utility of the research framework (the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning) that was used to analyze volunteer engagement for service delivery in sub-Saharan contexts.

The International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) Student and Early Career Network (ISECN) was constructed upon a foundation of research, using the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning (BMCF) as a blueprint to inform its leadership, communication, structure, and culture. The BMCF consists of inputs (partners, mission, and financial resources), throughputs (operational processes), and outputs (synergy and antagony). In this commentary, we use the BMCF to describe the ISECN work, highlighting opportunities, successes, and challenges. We also put forward three strategies derived from the BMCF that have been purposefully employed by ISECN to maximize its production of synergy from the voluntary contributions of its members.

Ce commentaire a été demandé à Hope Corbin par l'UIPES afin de partager son expérience personnelle en tant que rapporteur et participante à la 6e Conférence mondiale de l'OMS sur la Promotion de la Santé, qui s'est tenue à Bangkok, en Thaïlande, en août 2005. Sa contribution permet d'illustrer la façon dont l'UIPES s'est engagée pour poursuivre la discussion sur la Charte de Bangkok et les améliorations possibles à lui apporter, à travers sa revue électronique `the Reviews of Health Promotion and Education Online' qui a fourni aux membres de l'UIPES un forum leur permettant de partager leurs réflexions et leurs points de vue dans la série : Ottawa 1986 — Vancouver 2007 : doit-on réviser la Charte d'Ottawa ? Cette série sera prolongée jusqu'à la prochaine conférence mondiale de l'UIPES à Vancouver, où les questions soulevées par les différentes déclarations des conférences mondiales de l'OMS, notamment celle d'Ottawa en 1986, seront au cœur du programmes (voir en anglais http://www.iuhpeconference.org/). Nous attendons donc qu'un débat animé ait lieu et se prolonge jusque là, et nous invitons tous les membres de l'UIPES à soumettre leurs propres contributions sur le sujet, pour les examiner et les diffuser sur RHPEO !

This commentary was commissioned from J. Hope Corbin by the IUHPE in order to share her personal experience as a rapporteur and particpant in the 6th WHO Global Conference on Health Promotion held in Bangkok, Thailand, in August 2005. Her contribution serves as an example of how the IUHPE is committed to continue supporting a dialogue on the Bangkok Charter and its implementation through its electronic journal the Reviews of Health Promotion & Education Online which has provided a forum for IUHPE members to share their thoughts and views in the series: From Ottawa 1986 to Vancouver 2007, Should the Ottawa Charter be revisited? This series will be prolonged all the way up to the IUHPE's next world conference in Vancouver where the issues taken up by the various declarations of global WHO conferences, notably the Ottawa one in 1986, will be at the core of its programme (see http://www.iuhpeconference.org/). We are thus looking forward to a strong ongoing debate until then, and all IUHPE members are invited to submit their own paper on this subject for consideration and posting on RHP&EO (www.rhpeo.org)!

A Health in All Policies approach requires creating and sustaining intersectoral partnerships for promoting population health. This scoping review of the international literature on partnership functioning provides a narrative synthesis of findings related to processes that support and inhibit health promotion partnership functioning. Searching a range of databases, the review includes 26 studies employing quantitative (n = 8), qualitative (n = 10) and mixed method (n = 8) designs examining partnership processes published from January 2007 to June 2015. Using the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning as a theoretical framework for analyzing the findings, nine core elements were identified that constitute positive partnership processes that can inform best practices: (i) develop a shared mission aligned to the partners’ individual or institutional goals; (ii) include a broad range of participation from diverse partners and a balance of human and financial resources; (iii) incorporate leadership that inspires trust, confidence and inclusiveness; (iv) monitor how communication is perceived by partners and adjust accordingly; (v) balance formal and informal roles/structures depending upon mission; (vi) build trust between partners from the beginning and for the duration of the partnership; (vii) ensure balance between maintenance and production activities; (viii) consider the impact of political, economic, cultural, social and organizational contexts; and (ix) evaluate partnerships for continuous improvement. Future research is needed to examine the relationship between these processes and how they impact the longer-term outcomes of intersectoral partnerships.

North–South partnerships for health aim to link resources, expertise and local knowledge to create synergy. The literature on such partnerships presents an optimistic view of the promise of partnership on one hand, contrasted by pessimistic depictions of practice on the other. Case studies are called for to provide a more intricate understanding of partnership functioning, especially viewed from the Southern perspective. This case study examined the experience of the Tanzanian women’s NGO, KIWAKKUKI, based on its long history of partnerships with Northern organizations, all addressing HIV/AIDS in the Kilimanjaro region. KIWAKKUKI has provided education and other services since its inception in 1990 and has grown to include a grassroots network of .6000 local members. Using the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning, the experience of KIWAKKUKI’s partnership successes and failures was mapped. The findings demonstrate that even in effective partnerships, both positive and negative processes are evident. It was also observed that KIWAKKUKI’s partnership breakdowns were not strictly negative, as they provided lessons which the organization took into account when entering subsequent partnerships. The study highlights the importance of acknowledging and reporting on both positive and negative processes to maximize learning in North–South partnerships. publishedVersion

SUMMARY It is an article of faith in health promotion that health challenges cannot be confronted successfully by actors working in isolation. The synergy produced through collaboration is seen as vital. Yet, collaboration is arduous and many collaborations fade before their goals are met. Research is needed to identify factors and processes that promote as well as inhibit the production of synergistic outcomes. To this end, a case study was undertaken of the Global Programme for Health Promotion Effectiveness (GPHPE). The GPHPE reviews and disseminates evidence for the effectiveness of health promotion. Interviews with 20 GPHPE participants were conducted, transcribed and analyzed, and GPHPE documentation provided additional data. The results were used to develop the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning. It is a systems model (input, throughput, output) building on earlier research, that adds three new elements suggested by the findings of this study. First, the partnership’s mission ‐ to disseminate evidence of effectiveness ‐ was identified as a significant input (alongside the conventional inputs of partner resources and financing) that affected the GPHPE’s functioning in fundamental ways. Second, positive and negative cycles of interaction were identified that simultaneously strengthened and weakened the GPHPE’s ability to sustain itself and produce the desired outcomes. Third, the construct ‘antagony’ was introduced as a unique type of output, in addition to synergy and additive results, representing unwanted and disturbing outcomes. The Model is constructed to have wide applicability, and further research now underway tests its utility in the study of local and national collaborations.

L'annee 2007 a assiste a la naissance d'un nouveau bebe de l'UIPES: l'ISECN - le Reseau d'etudiants et de jeunes professionnels de l'UIPES. Ce commentaire presente certains des travaux entrepris par l'ISECN au cours de l'annee ecoulee. Nous avons designe des personnes de contact au niveau de chaque region, presente un poster sur notre reseau lors d'une conference a Osaka, au Japon, demarre un groupe de travail pour la communication qui va surtout se concentrer a developper une plus grande equite dans la maniere dont l'ISECN communique avec ses membres. Nous avons egalement developpe un site Web: www.isecn.org et organise deux reunions mondiales en teleconference, mettant ainsi en contact des membres issus pratiquement du monde entier. Le present commentaire aborde egalement notre role en tant que "Stream Managers" (Moderateurs) pour le nouveau service en ligne propose par l'UIPES, 'Views on Health Promotion Online 1 (www.vhpo.org) et la formation d'un nouveau groupe de travail afin de commencer a developper un Code ethique pour la promotion de la sante. L'ISECN va beneficier de ces nouveaux projets qui vont aussi contribuer a ameliorer la promotion de la sante d'une facon generale. Nous encourageons tous les membres de l'UIPES qui viennent de debuter leur carriere a venir nous rejoindre.

Background: North-South Partnership (NSP) is the mandated blueprint for much global health action. Northern partners contribute funding and expertise and Southern partners contribute capacity for local action. Potential Northern partners are attracted to Southern organizations that have a track record of participating in well-performing NSPs. This often leads to the rapid ‘scaling up’ of the Southern organization’s activities, and more predictable and stable access to resources. Yet, scaling up may also present challenges and threats, as the literature on rapid organization growth shows. However, studies of the impact of scaling up within NSPs in particular are absent from the literature, and the positive and negative impact of scaling up on Southern partners’ functioning is a matter of speculation. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine how scaling up affects a Southern partner’s organizational functioning, in a Southern grassroots NGO with 20 years of scaling up experience. Design: A case study design was used to explore the process and impact of scaling up in KIWAKKUKI, a women’s grassroots organization working on issues of HIV and AIDS in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. Data included documents, observation notes and in-depth interviews with six participants. The data were analyzed by applying an established systems framework of partnership functioning, in addition to a scaling up typology. Results: KIWAKKUKI has experienced significant scale-up of activities over the past 20 years. Over time, successful partnerships and programs have created synergy and led to further growth. As KIWAKUKKI expanded so did both its partnerships and grassroots base. The need for capacity building for volunteers exceeded the financial resources provided by Northern partners. Some partners did not have such capacity building as part of their own central mission. This gap in training has produced negative cycles within the organization and its NSPs. Conclusions: Northern partners were drawn to KIWAKKUKI because of its strong and rapidly growing grassroots base, however, a lack of funding has led to inadequate training for the burgeoning grassroots. Opportunity exists to improve this negative result: Northern organizations that value community engagement can purposefully align their missions and funding within NSP to better support grassroots efforts, especially through periods of expansion. Keywords: North-South Partnership; synergy; scaling-up; grassroots; capacity building; Tanzania (Published: 28 June 2012) Citation: Glob Health Action 2012, 5 : 18369 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v5i0.18369