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Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of the parasitic disease toxoplasmosis, which is an important foodborne zoonosis. Eating undercooked meat of infected animals has been considered the major transmission route of T. gondii to humans. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of domestic freezing for inactivation of T. gondii bradyzoites in ham. Raw and dry-cured ham from a pig experimentally inoculated orally with 4,000 oocysts of T. gondii VEG strain was subjected to domestic freezing at -20°C for up to 14 days. The effect was evaluated by bioassay in mice and a quantitative PCR assay. In raw and dry-cured ham, -20°C for 7 and 14 days, respectively, did not inactivate T. gondii. More studies are needed to find the correct temperature and time needed to render the bradyzoites noninfectious for humans. Meanwhile, the recommendations for freezing to inactivate T. gondii in raw or dry-cured meats must be revisited because domestic freezing conditions do not reduce the risk of infection.

Cucurbita maxima is a popular vegetable and the seeds of Cucurbita maxima are generally considered a waste product but it is rich in bioactive compounds with nutraceutical properties. Diet rich in Cucurbita maxima seeds has been associated with a reduced risk of stomach breast, lung, prostate and colon Cancers. Seeds of Cucurbita maxima are consumed either roasted or raw and used in cooking and baking and incorporated into foods to increase the nutritional value in diets. Sensory evaluation is a combination of different senses of a perception coming into play in choosing and eating. The Objective of the study was to analyze the nutrient content of the Cucurbita maxima seed powder, to obtain a sensory evaluation of formulated products and to find out the acceptability of the product. The sample used in this study was Cucurbita maxima seed were cleaned with water to make the sample free from foreign materials, sundried and grind finely. The nutrients such as Protein, Carbohydrates, Crude fiber, Iron and Fat of the Cucurbita maxima seed powder were analyzed. Dried Cucurbita maxima powder was selected for the preparation of the milkshake. The milkshake was prepared using standard procedure. Sensory assessments were evaluated based on the quality description i.e, appearance, flavor, taste, color, texture and overall acceptability. The acceptability of the product was evaluated by a panel of 20 trained judges The data was subjected to statistical analysis such as Mean, Standard Division and Standard Error Mean. The result reveals that nutrients such as protein 6.256%, carbohydrate 23.645%, crude fiber 2.2%, Iron 0.298% and fat 49.8%. The sample Cucurbita maxima seed powder was taken to prepare the formulated product. Both the formulated products are evaluated by 20-panel members for the parameters such as appearance, taste, flavor, color, texture and overall accuracy. The appearance of formulated Cucurbita maxima seed milkshake has scored 97% in standard and 86% in the sample whereas the flavor of formulated Cucurbita maxima seed milkshake has scored 86% in standard and 96% in the sample. Taste of formulated Cucurbita maxima seed milkshake has scored 97% in standard and 98% in sample and Colour of formulated Cucurbita maxima seed milkshake has scored 92% in standard and 95% in the sample. The texture of formulated Cucurbita maxima seed milkshake has scored 92% in standard and 96% in sample respectively. Thus the present study concludes that incorporation of Cucurbita maxim seed powder in the milkshake will help to enhance the health benefit.

The La Janda wetland record allows to expand the knowledge of the evolution of a restricted estuary since the Last Glacial Maximum. Multiproxy analysis of the sediments (facies, geochemistry, pollen, fossils) reveals that this system exhibits a classic incised valley sequence but differences with the adjacent estuaries can be established. The La Janda sedimentary infill can be split in four main sequences: (1) the Falling Stage Systems Tract (>20.6 ka BP) and (2) the Lowstand Systems Tract (16.7–20.6 ka BP) deposits record fluvial sedimentation in a narrow and incised valley, here seminally identified in the Gulf of Cádiz estuarine system; and (3) the Transgressive Systems Tract (7–16.7 ka BP), ending with the Holocene marine flooding surface at 7 ka BP, is composed of estuarine and marine basin deposits infilling a still steep and narrow topography coupled with the fast retreat of the river mouths. The (4) Highstand Systems Tract (0–7 ka BP) is composed of estuarine basin deposits with fluvial and tidal currents deposits in a wide a gentle sloped estuarine valley and it records the transformation of the basin into a terrestrial one. Comparison to other areas in the Gulf of Cádiz allows to correlate the different estuaries and to distinguish between open and restricted ones by the development of spit systems during the Highstand Systems Tract. But further work is needed to clarify the stratigraphy of the present eustatic cycle in the Gulf of Cádiz as the scarcity of data does not allow to determine the evolution of its estuaries during the last fall and rise of sea level. Such knowledge is crucial to disentangle the role of climate and tectonics in the future evolution of our coasts and design measures to adapt to sea level rise.

The main objective of this work is to present a novel methodology to assess the vulnerability of mid-latitude estuaries by means of an index-based method, EstuarIndex. The EstuarIndexis an integration of four sub-indexes, assessing the status of the main subsystems present on estuaries: sandy environments, dunes, tidal flats, and the drainage network. Each sub-index includes variables combining three types of factors: morphosedimentary and oceanographic factors, ecological factors and management and protection factors. The environmental status is finally evaluated in five possible classes: (1) Very low, (2) Low, (3) Medium, (4) High and (5) Very High, according to EU requirements for classifying the conservation status of habitats. Three pilot zones along the Spanish coast have been chosen for testing the method: San Vicente de la Barquera estuary (N Spain), Guadiana estuary (SW Spain) and Ebro River delta mouth (E Spain). They present different oceanographic and geomorphological conditions. The results obtained have proven that EstuarIndex is a suitable methodology for the application to other estuaries. The systematic application of EstuarIndex on broad time scales would allow evaluating the system trends, what seems key for implementation of more realistic restoration strategies and may help in the detection of the most relevant site-specific vulnerabilities for long-term sustainability in response to both natural and artificial forces.

The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multimessenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review, prepared within the COST Action CA18108 ‘‘Quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger approach", is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers., Talent Scientific Research Program of College of Physics, Sichuan University 1082204112427, Fostering Program in Disciplines Possessing Novel Features for Natural Science of Sichuan University 2020SCUNL209, 1000 Talent program of Sichuan province 2021, Xunta de Galicia, European Commission European Union ERDF, "Maria de Maeztu'' Units of Excellence program MDM-2016-0692, Red Tematica Nacional de Astroparticulas RED2018-102661-T, La Caixa Foundation 100010434, European Commission 847648 LCF/BQ/PI21/11830030 754510, Ministry of Education, Science & Technological Development, Serbia 451-03-9/2021-14/200124, FSR Incoming Postdoctoral Fellowship Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Serbia 451-03-9/2021-14/200124, University of Rijeka grant uniri-prirod-18-48, Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ) IP-2016-06-9782, Villum Fonden 29405 DGA-FSE 2020-E2117R, European Regional Development Fund through the Center of Excellence (TK133) "The Dark Side of the Universe'' European Regional Development Fund (ESIF/ERDF), Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic CoGraDS-CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15 003/0000437, Blavatnik grant, Basque Government IT-97916 Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), European Space Agency C4000120711 4000132310, FNRS (Belgian Fund for Research), Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica (PAPIIT), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico TA100122, National University of La Plata X909 DICYT 042131GR, National Research, Development & Innovation Office (NRDIO) - Hungary 123996, FQXi, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), European Commission 181461 199307, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 680-91-119 15MV71, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) 20H01899 20H05853 JP21F21789, Estonian Research Council PRG356, Julian Schwinger Foundation, Generalitat Valenciana Excellence PROMETEO-II/2017/033 PROMETEO/2018/165, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), European ITN project HIDDeN H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019//860881-HIDDeN, Swedish Research Council, European Commission 2016-05996 European Research Council (ERC) European Commission 668679, Advanced ERC grant TReX, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) 2017X7X85K, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS 4.4501.18, Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization - Romania PN19-030102-INCDFM PN-III-P4ID-PCE-2020-2374, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-SC0020262, Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea 075-15-2020-778, German Academic Scholarship Foundation German Research Foundation (DFG) 408049454 420243324 425333893 445990517 Germany's Excellence Strategy (EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe'') 390833306 390837967 Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) 05 A20GU2 05 A20PX1, Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa'' SEV-2016-0588, CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Agencia de Gestio D'Ajuts Universitaris de Recerca Agaur (AGAUR) Generalitat de Catalunya 2017-SGR-1469 2017-SGR-929 ICCUB CEX2019-000918-M, National Science Centre, Poland 2019/33/B/ST2/00050 2017/27/B/ST2/01902, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 306414/2020-1, Dicyt-USACH 041931MF, National Science Fund of Bulgaria KP-06-N 38/11 RCN ROMFORSK 302640, Comunidad de Madrid 2018-T1/TIC-10431 2019-T1/TIC-13177 S2018/NMT-4291, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/T000759/1 ST/P000258/1 ST/T000732/1 ST/V005596/1, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology UIDB/00618/2020 UIDB/00777/2020 UIDP/00777/2020 CERN/FIS-PAR/0004/2019 PTDC/FIS-PAR/29436/2017 PTDC/FISPAR/31938/2017 PTDC/FIS-OUT/29048/2017 SFRH/BD/137127/2018, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LabEx UnivEarthS ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR18-IDEX-0001, Junta de Andalucia European Commission A-FQM-053-UGR18, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) RGPIN-2021-03644, National Science Centre Poland Sonata Bis 2019/33/B/ST2/00050 DEC-2017/26/E/ST2/00763, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) DGIID-DGA 2015-E24/2, Spanish Research State Agency and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion MCIN/AEI PID2019-104114RB-C32 PID2019-105544GB-I00 PID2019-105614GB-C21 PID2019106515GB-I00 PID2019-106802GB-I00 PID2019-107394GB-I00 PID2019-107844GB-C21 PID2019-107847RB-C41 MCIN/AEI PGC2018-095328-B-I00 PGC2018-094856-B-I00 PGC2018-096663-B-C41 PGC2018-096663-B-C44 PGC2018-094626-BC21 PGC2018-101858-B-I00 FPA2017-84543-P FPA2016-76005-C2-1-P, Spanish 'Ministerio de Universidades' BG20/00228 Spanish Government PID2020-115845GBI00 Generalitat de Catalunya Comunidad de Madrid S2018/NMT-4291 Spanish Government PID2019-105544GB-I00, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development, Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Colleges and Universities, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Fundamental Questions Institute (FQXi), European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) CA18108, Research Council of University of Guilan, Iniziativa Specifica TEONGRAV Iniziativa Specifica QGSKY Iniziativa Specifica QUAGRAP Iniziativa Specifica GeoSymQFT, the Spanish Research State Agency and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion MCIN/AEI PID2020-115845GBI00 PID2019-108485GB-I00 PID2020-113334GB-I00 PID2020-113701GB-I00 PID2020-113775GB-I00 PID2020-118159GB-C41 PID2020-118159GA-C42 PRE2019-089024, Rothchild grant UID/MAT/00212/2020 FPU18/04571

Citrus limon is a very demanding plant to grow totally intolerant of frost. Although the peel of citrus is bitter in taste if it is eaten as a raw but it also play a major role in making of marmalade or other soups. Peel is the protective outer covering or outer skin of the fruit. The peel is used against digestion, peptic, ulcer, scurvy, eye infections, respiratory disorders, gums, piles, skin care, weight loss etc. The objectives of the study is to dehydrate the selected sample, to formulate the value added product pulka, to find out the acceptability of value added products by organoleptic evaluation and to know the glycemic index level by the effect of Citrus limon The Citrus limon samples were cleaned, cut into pieces, inner white fleshly part is removed separately, cleaned, peels were removed separately, cut into small pieces, dry in an air oven drying, powdered, seived and stored in air tight container for future use. The pulka were formulated in four different variations V0, V1, V2 and V3. Sensory assessment was evaluated based on the quality descriptions. Around 80 subjects who were willing to participate in the experimental study were included with prior permission or concern from subjects. They were selected in-between the age of 30-40 years, with body mass index of 16.5 to 26.3 kg/m2, normal blood pressure and not suffering from any ailments. Eighty subjects were divided into four groups with 20 subjects in each group. The result revealed that the appearance of standard pulka followed by V3 pulka shows the best and the V2 shows the least result. Based on the colour of the product V1 shows the best and V3 shows the least result. The flavor of the product V3 followed by V0 shows the best. The V3 variation shows the best for the taste of the product compared to V1 and V2 variation. The result revealed that among the four groups the sample pulka consumed subjects shows the best result. The blood glucose level gets reduced during the consumption of 0.4gm Hot air oven dried Citrus limon peel incorporated pulka. Thus the present study conclude that the Citrus limon peel was dehydrated and the value added product Pulka was developed in various proportion and the acceptability of the value added product was done by the organoleptic evaluation. The present study demonstrated that Pulka shows the best result.

Mangrove lands are becoming livestock and agriculture systems generating a reduction in estuary areas and an increase in the sediments transported towards the sea. This situation is prevalent in Ma...

Psychological contract (PC) constitutes a theoretical framework for; explaining labor relationships, and it has been considered as a; mediation step between structural variables and processes and work and; organizational outcomes. Whereas PC (un)fulfillment; showed consistent relationships with variables such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, performance, or absenteeism, the effects of PC; violation (emotional answers that develop after perceptions of PC; breach) have been less investigated. In addition, structural antecedents; of PC constructs had included Human Resources (HR) practices. This paper aims to extend; research on PC and its role as a mediator between HR practices and work; outcomes, both at individual and organizational levels. Specifically, we; examined the impact of human resource practices on employee performance; and sickness absences through a sequence of supervisor support, PC; fulfillment and PC violation. In a sample of 4648 employees from 214; companies of seven different countries, our results indicate that high-commitment; human resource practices were significantly and negatively; related to PC violation through supervisor support and positively to PC; fulfillment; in turn, PC violation was negatively related to employee; performance and positively to sick leave. These relationships at the; individual level were partially replicated at the organizational level, developing partial homologous models and showing that shared perceptions; about HR practices lead to shared perceptions on PC affecting collective; outcomes. Therefore, the findings shed new light on PC theory, regarding; the mediating role of PC constructs and negative emotions in the; relationships between HR practices and support from supervisors and performance at individual and organizational levels.

Ninety per cent of the research on mindfulness has been developed in the last decade. In this context, it is important to carry out review papers that synthesize and integrate the knowledge generated, and to identify research gaps and areas in which it is necessary to continue advancing in the coming years. This is the aim of the present paper, although its scope is limited to mindfulness in the workplace and in organizations. After explaining its origin and arrival in the workplace, we define mindfulness and its main characteristics, making a distinction between trait and state mindfulness. Next, we summarize the main research findings about mindfulness predictors and mindfulness outcomes, and finally, we suggest several areas for future research. In general terms, research findings suggest that mindfulness is a relevant factor in enhancing health and psychological well-being in the workplace.

Improving safety culture and safety performance is a constant concern for companies operating in high-risk environments. For almost two decades, IDOCAL (the Research Institute of Personnel Psychology, Organizational Development and Quality of Working Life) has been contributing to advancing our understanding of these important concepts through theoretical development and empirical research. The objective of this article is to synthesize these contributions. Some of the most prominent are (1) the development of a framework for the evaluation of safety culture and its correlates based on the AMIGO model, (2) the establishment of the empowering leadership model as a valuable concept in safety leadership, and (3) the establishment of a three-dimensional safety performance model. In addition, the researchers within IDOCAL have made great progress in understanding the main predictors of safety performance, including empowering leadership and safety culture. Within this paper, IDOCAL’s plans to advance this line of research in the coming years, by extending it from the nuclear power sector to other high-risk industries, are also outlined.

The present study focused on the relationship between trait mindfulness and the outcome component of performance, evaluated with objective indicators. In particular, four objective performance indicators were studied: accuracy, reaction time, variability in reaction times, and detection of unexpected stimuli. Because attention and awareness have been described as core components of mindfulness, and previous research suggests that mindfulness is associated with improved attention skills, this study predicted that trait mindfulness would be positively related to objective indicators of high performance (accuracy, detection of unexpected stimuli) and negatively related to objective indicators of low performance (reaction time, variability in reaction time), on an attention task. Moreover, the study predicted that the relationship between trait mindfulness and objective performance would be modulated by task complexity. University students (139) completed mindfulness, intelligence, and personality questionnaires and completed an adapted Stroop task (Stroop, 1935) in E-prime 2 software. To test our hypotheses, we performed hierarchical multiple regression analyses in SPSS. Our results revealed that trait mindfulness is not related to objective indicators of performance in an attention task, except for the detection of unexpected stimuli. Going further with our analyses, we also confirmed the important role of intelligence in performance outcomes. Finally, task complexity was not playing a moderator role in the relationship between mindfulness and objective performance. Our research contributes to the literature on mindfulness and objective performance, providing empirical evidence for the relationship between trait mindfulness and the detection of unexpected stimuli. Study limitations and avenues for future research are discussed.

Resumen Introduccion El bloqueo en el plano del erector espinal (erector spinae plane [ESP]) a nivel toracico se ha introducido como metodo analgesico postoperatorio. Sin embargo, a pesar de que su empleo a nivel lumbar ha sido publicada, su distribucion y su mecanismo de accion no han sido esclarecidos. Nos propusimos describir la tecnica de puncion del bloqueo ESP a nivel lumbar y evaluar la distribucion de 20 ml administrados a nivel de la transversa de L4 en un modelo cadaverico. Metodos Estudio observacional tras 12 bloqueos del ESP lumbar en L4, sobre un modelo de cadaver fresco (6 bilaterales). Se valoro la distribucion de 20 ml de solucion inyectada contrastada mediante tomografia computarizada en las 6 muestras. Fueron evaluados mediante estudio anatomico 4 de las muestras, 2 mediante diseccion por planos y otros 2 fueron congelados y seccionados con cortes axiales de 2-2,5 cm de grosor. Resultados La distribucion de la solucion inyectada se distribuyo en el interior de la musculatura erectora espinal craneo-caudal desde L2 a L5, con limite medial en la articulares interapofisarias y lateral en la fascia toracolumbar. El paso anterior a la transversa no se observo en el 33% de los casos, fue minimo y sin afectacion de los nervios espinales correspondientes en el 51%, siendo extenso en 2 muestras (16%) y con afectacion del nervio espinal correspondiente. Conclusiones El ESP lumbar a nivel de L4 tiene una accion constante sobre los ramos posteriores de los nervios espinales, siendo infrecuente su paso al espacio paravertebral y bloquear el nervio espinal.

Introduction Thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) block is now used for postoperative analgesia. However, although reports of lumbar ESP have been published, the anesthetic spread and mechanism of action of this technique remains unclear. We describe the lumbar ESP block technique and evaluate the spread of 20 ml of solution administered at the level of the transverse process of L4 in a cadaver model. Methods Observational study after 12 lumbar ESP blocks at L4 on a fresh cadaver model (6 bilaterally). The spread of 20 ml of injected contrast solution was assessed by computed tomography in all 6 samples. Four of the samples were evaluated by anatomical study, 2 by plane dissection, and 2 others were frozen and cut into 2–2.5 cm axial slices. Results The injected solution spread from L2 to L5 in a cranio-caudal direction in the erector spinae muscle, reaching the facet joints medially and the thoracolumbar fascia laterally. In 33% of cases the solution did not spread anterior to the transverse process; in 51%, spread was minimal and did not affect the corresponding spinal nerves, and in 2 samples (16%), spread was extensive and reached the corresponding spinal nerves. Conclusions Lumbar ESP at L4 always acts on the posterior branches of the spinal nerves, but seldom spreads to the paravertebral space to block the spinal nerve.

This study records the clinical findings in nine hunting dogs showing systemic illness associated with trombiculids and identifies the mite species involved. In fall, coinciding with the seasonality of mites, all dogs were infested with mites and had been in the risk area (Sierra Cebollera Natural Park, La Rioja, Spain) a few hours before the onset of symptoms. The symptoms included vomiting, anorexia, weakness and lethargy, diarrhea, and even stupor. The clinical picture was fast-acting and potentially fatal. The infestations varied from low to severe. Molecular analysis of mites that fed on the dogs confirmed that they were larvae of Neotrombicula inopinata (Oudemans, Acari, Trombiculidae). This is the first time that N. inopinata has been identified as feeding on dogs and implicated in canine systemic illness associated with trombiculids. In contrast to other chiggers, N. inopinata does not seem to cause dermatitis. Likewise, the clinical and epidemiological similarity between the clinical symptoms we describe herein and the occurrence of seasonal canine illness (SCI) led us to suspect that this illness may be caused by infestation with these mites. The condition could be the consequence of severe infestation from large numbers of feeding mites, especially N. inopinata. Whether or not the cases were due to a severe allergic host response to salivary proteins or the result of the transmission of a new or emerging trombiculid-borne pathogen is not known.

Introduction To recognise the relationship between the needle tip and the median nerve during peripheral nerve block is of interest to avoid neural damage. However, signs of intraneural injection are not clearly established. The aim of this study was to define the changes observed in the peripheral nerve after the intraneural or perineural administration of 1 ml of solution. Material and methods Ultrasound guided median nerve blocks were performed in the forearm of 10 fresh cadavers on 60 occasions (3 per forearm). They were randomised into the intraneural (n = 30) or perineural (n = 30) location of the needle tip, after the consensus of location by 7 specialists. After 1 ml of solution was injected an evaluation was made of the changes in the cross-sectional area of the nerve, as well as the displacement along the nerve. Results The cross-sectional area of the median nerve was increased in both groups, however, the increase was significantly higher in the Intraneural group (perineural 0.007 ± 0.013 cm2 vs. intraneural 0.032 ± 0.021 cm2, p Conclusions Based on this experimental study, it is concluded that the injection of a small volume (1 ml) allows to discriminate the disposition of the intraneural vs perineural needle in a high percentage of cases. Therefore, it is suggested that this “dose test” should be considered in the safety algorithms if it is required to reduce the incidence of intraneural injection.

Resumen Introduccion Conocer la relacion entre la aguja y el nervio durante el bloqueo de nervio periferico es de interes para evitar el dano neural; sin embargo, los signos de inyeccion intraneural no se hallan claramente establecidos. Nos propusimos determinar los cambios observados en el nervio periferico tras inyectar 1 ml de solucion en disposicion intraneural o perineural de la aguja. Material y metodos Se utilizaron 10 cadaveres frescos, a los cuales se les realizo bloqueo de nervio mediano ecoguiado en plano en 60 ocasiones (3 por brazo), realizando una puncion intraneural (n = 30) o perineural (n = 30) segun aleatorizacion previa. Tras el consenso de localizacion por 7 especialistas, se inyecto 1 ml de solucion y se evaluo el cambio en el area de seccion del nervio y el desplazamiento a lo largo del mismo. Resultados El area de seccion del nervio mediano se aumento en ambos grupos, sin embargo, el incremento fue significativamente mayor en el grupo intraneural (perineural 0,007 ± 0,013 vs. intraneural 0,032 ± 0,021 cm2, p Conclusiones En base a nuestro estudio experimental concluimos que la inyeccion de un pequeno volumen (1 ml) permite discriminar la disposicion de la aguja intraneural vs. perineural en un porcentaje elevado de casos. Por ello, sugerimos que esta «dosis test» debe de considerarse en los algoritmos de seguridad si queremos reducir la incidencia de inyeccion intraneural.

FluBiDi is a two-dimensional model created to simulate real events that can take days and months, as well as short events (minutes or hours) and inclusive laboratory tests. To verify the robustness...

The New Robotic Telescope (NRT) will be the largest fully robotic telescope in the world (4-m class). The primary mirror (M1) will be comprised of 18 independent 960 mm hexagonal segments with an actively controlled position to maintain the shape of the optical surface. The secondary mirror (M2) will be a lightweighted circular mirror of 1270 mm of diameter. This contribution presents the conceptual design and preliminary results of the M1 segment support assembly and a first study of two lightweighted substrate candidates for the M2 mirror.

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVD’s) are the most significant comorbidities in rheumatic diseases, causing also increased mortality. [1,2] However, there is only limited data on how the risk of CV comorbidities varies between different rheumatic diseases.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to estimate the risk of certain CV comorbidities across rheumatic diseases.MethodsThe ongoing FinnGen project links nationwide healthcare register data with genome data. The study (data freeze 7) included 321 302 individuals, and from this group we identified patients with seropositive (N=4293) and seronegative (N=1733) rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS, N=1247), psoriatic arthritis (PsA, N=1235), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, N=386), primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS, N=557) and gout (N=2178). Each patient was matched based on age, sex and municipality of residence with twenty individuals without any rheumatic conditions. The CV comorbidities studied were any CV disease (CVD), major coronary heart disease event (myocardial infarction and/or revascularization; CHD), ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF), deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), chronic heart failure (CHF) and valvular heart disease excluding rheumatic fever (VHD). From the prevalence of each CV disease among rheumatic disease cohorts, we calculated the risk ratio (RR) for each CV disease by comparing the prevalence of these diseases between rheumatic diseases and controls.ResultsThe average age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 39.6 to 64.4 years, and the average duration of follow-up varied from 9 to 19.5 years in different rheumatic diseases. The risk for any CVD was elevated in all rheumatic disease cohorts with RR varying from 1.14 in seropositive RA to 1.65 in SLE. SLE patients carried the highest relative risk for CV comorbidities, demonstrating over 2.5-fold risk for DVT/PE (RR 3.57), stroke (RR 2.57), CHF (RR 2.64) and VHD (RR 2.98). At least two-fold risk compared to controls was identified for AF (RR 2.03), DVT/PE (RR 2.44) and CHF (RR 3.03) in patients with gout, for DVT/PE (RR 2.15) and CHF (RR 2.0) in patients with pSS, and for DVT/PE (RR 2.03) in patients with PsA. Seropositive and seronegative RA demonstrated similar CV risk profiles. In patients with seropositive or seronegative RA, PsA, pSS or SLE, DVT/PE demonstrated the highest RR’s among various CV comorbidities.ConclusionThe risk of CV comorbidities is increased in all studied rheumatic diseases, with the largest effects observed in patients with SLE and gout. Among CV comorbidities, DVT/PE displayed the largest effect sizes in several rheumatic diseases. The current results further strengthen the importance of evaluating and treating risk factors for CV comorbidities across rheumatic diseases, focusing also to the excess risk for thromboses.References[1]Han C., Robinson DW Jr et al. Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(11):2167-2172.[2]Avina-Zubieta JA, Choi HK et al. Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 15;59(12):1690-1697.AcknowledgementsSpecial thanks to Finnish Foundation of Rheumatology Research and the Foundation of Maire Lisko for issuing research grants to help with the research process and writing of this abstract.Disclosure of InterestsHanna-Kaisa Aaramaa: None declared, Pia Isomäki Speakers bureau: Speaker or chair for AbbVie, Eli Lilly and Pfizer., Consultant of: Consultant for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Roche and ViforPharma., Grant/research support from: A research grant from Pfizer., Nina Mars: None declared, Mika Helminen: None declared, Anne Kerola: None declared, Antti Palomäki Speakers bureau: Lecture free from Pfizer and Sanofi, Consultant of: Consulting fee from Abbvie, Amgen and Pfizer, Kari Eklund: None declared, Javier Gracia Tabuenca: None declared, Juha Sinisalo: None declared

ObjectiveThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide since December 2019. Neurologic symptoms have been reported as part of the clinical spectrum of the disease. We aimed to determine whether neurologic manifestations are common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to describe their main characteristics.MethodsWe systematically reviewed all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital in a Spanish population during March 2020. Demographic characteristics, systemic and neurologic clinical manifestations, and complementary tests were analyzed.ResultsOf 841 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (mean age 66.4 years, 56.2% men), 57.4% developed some form of neurologic symptom. Nonspecific symptoms such as myalgias (17.2%), headache (14.1%), and dizziness (6.1%) were present mostly in the early stages of infection. Anosmia (4.9%) and dysgeusia (6.2%) tended to occur early (60% as the first clinical manifestation) and were more frequent in less severe cases. Disorders of consciousness occurred commonly (19.6%), mostly in older patients and in severe and advanced COVID-19 stages. Myopathy (3.1%), dysautonomia (2.5%), cerebrovascular diseases (1.7%), seizures (0.7%), movement disorders (0.7%), encephalitis (n = 1), Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1), and optic neuritis (n = 1) were also reported, but less frequent. Neurologic complications were the main cause of death in 4.1% of all deceased study participants.ConclusionsNeurologic manifestations are common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. In our series, more than half of patients presented some form of neurologic symptom. Clinicians need to maintain close neurologic surveillance for prompt recognition of these complications. The mechanisms and consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 neurologic involvement require further studies.

Mindful organizing (also known as collective mindfulness) is a collective capability that allows teams to anticipate and swiftly recover from unexpected events. This collective capability is especially relevant in high-risk environments where reliability in performance is of utmost importance. In this paper, we build on current mindful organizing theory by showing how two front-line communication and participatory conditions (perceived safety for upward dissent and climate for employee engagement) interact to predict mindful organizing. We shed light on the controversy around mindful organizing’s effect on team’s subjective experience at work by showing that it leads to greater team job satisfaction and thus lowers individual turnover intentions. These relationships were tested using a time-lagged design with two data-collection points using a sample of 47 teams within the nuclear power industry.

Estuaries are complex systems, usually composed by connected subsystems (mostly beaches, dunes, saltmarshes and the main channel), resulting in a complex geomorphology and ecology that makes difficult its study from a comprehensive perspective. In this sense, characterizing the functionality of an estuary is a key element to develop adequate management tools for these environments. Unfortunately, very few studies have focused on the connectivity among their elements, mostly overlooking the derived interactions inherent to them. As an example, San Vicente de la Barquera estuary (Cantabria, Spain) has been selected for this first approach. Considering an estuary as a heterogeneous and continuous system, where system components and processes are interconnected, the present work proposes as methodology the combination of different detailed maps to identify links between morphosedimentary systems and related EU habitats of community interest. The combination of these types of maps allows to drawn up a table of equivalences to relate morphosedimentary units and habitat characteristics from a geographical point of view. In a second phase of this approach, it will be identified physical processes related to morphological systems (i.e., river discharges, water mixing, tidal currents, dynamo-sedimentary models) and biological processes related to ecological systems (i.e., presence and variation of plant communities). Additionally, induced anthropogenic processes will be considered as driving forces acting directly on the previous ones. With the aim of evaluate the global dynamic of the estuary, a set of geo-ecological indicators are proposed to describe the processes and the connectivity established in between their subsystems. The main results of this preliminary study are expected to provide a comprehensive first vision of the estuary functioning, together with the design of a new methodology to improve the environmental characterization of estuaries.

espanolEl 90% de los estudios sobre mindfulness se ha realizado en la ultima decada. En este contexto es relevante la realizacion de trabajos de revision, que sinteticen e integren los conocimientos que va generando la investigacion, y que identifiquen areas en las que es necesario seguir avanzando en los proximos anos. Precisamente, ese es el objetivo de este articulo, aunque circunscrito al ambito del trabajo y de las organizaciones. Tras explicar su origen y llegada al mundo del trabajo, se define el mindfulness y sus principales caracteristicas, y se distingue entre mindfulness rasgo y estado. A continuacion, se sintetizan los principales resultados de la investigacion sobre antecedentes y resultados del mindfulness, y se finaliza sugiriendo futuras lineas de investigacion. En terminos generales, los resultados de la investigacion sugieren que el mindfulness es un factor relevante para potenciar la salud y el bienestar psicologico en el lugar de trabajo. EnglishNinety per cent of the research on mindfulness has been developed in the last decade. In this context, it is important to carry out review papers that synthesize and integrate the knowledge generated, and to identify research gaps and areas in which it is necessary to continue advancing in the coming years. This is the aim of the present paper, although its scope is limited to mindfulness at work and in organizations. After explaining its origin and arrival in the workplace, we define mindfulness and its main characteristics, making a distinction between trait and state mindfulness. Next, we summarize the main research findings about mindfulness predictors and mindfulness outcomes, and finally, we suggest several areas for future research. In general terms, research findings suggest that mindfulness is a relevant factor in enhancing health and psychological well-being in the workplace.

Hydrological aspects in ecosystems are defined as those that support the availability of water. This involves the analysis of ecosystems establishing their ecological interactions as well as external factors such as humans’ presence, changes in seasonal patterns of flow, physicochemical characteristics of water bodies, and the type and amount of pollutants entering these water bodies mostly due to surface but also some subsurface runoff. The aim of this article is to establish if soil type, vegetation or land use changes have a major impact affecting water quality in aguadas (a type of cenotes) and therefore its availability as a source of water in a rain forest ecosystem with karst soil and shortages. For this, nine aguadas were monitored in a Natural Protected area, whose importance is based on sustaining the ecosystem of different species, as well as to provide a source of water supply. The monitoring work considered soil and vegetation characteristics and water quality, in the aguadas, with and without direct human impact. Results showed that the studied sites at the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve (RBC) can be divided into three areas according to several factors some of them soil type, vegetation and climate. For each of the studies sites, sample tests of microorganisms, physico-chemical parameters and metals were performed. It was observed that deforestation around water bodies, transforming jungle into agricultural land, is critical since it creates a climatic transition zone affecting the water balance, and generates erosion moving nutrients and soil materials into water bodies. Additionally, the presence of total coliforms due to the combined use of water for human and animal use was observed. The natural influence by rock washing or erosion in the subsurface and surface has an effect on production systems due to the presence of carbonates, sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Besides these elements, all aguadas also have high concentrations of: cadmium, manganese, cupper, iron, aluminium, barium and strontium but they are agreed with the Water Quality Criteria. La Ceiba aguada has some traces of arsenic 0.019 mg/L and vanadium 0.041 mg/L. The presence of these elements need to be specified (natural or anthropogenic causes) in order to propose a treatment process. Based on this, soil and vegetation are clue to define water quality in a natural reserve, thus it is necessary to reduce deforestation and recovering the capacity of the resilience through a sustainable forest management.

In this study, we develop and test a model examining why and when perceived overqualification relates to career satisfaction and subjective well-being. In a sample of 143 new university graduates in Spain with data collected across two time periods, we showed that perceived overqualification interacted with career centrality to predict relative deprivation, which in turn was related to lower career satisfaction, positive affect, and life satisfaction, as well as higher negative affect. Further, perceived overqualification had negative main effects on career satisfaction, negative affect, and life satisfaction. The results suggest the importance of perceived overqualification for well-being outcomes, as well as the importance of adopting a contextual approach to investigating the personal effects of perceived overqualification.

Risky behaviours have received little attention in the safety literature in recent years, compared to safety behaviours such as safety compliance or safety participation. However, it is important to focus on risky behaviours and their predictors in order to prevent accidents. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of role stressors (role ambiguity and role overload) on risky behaviours, and the mediating role of dissatisfaction (both job and safety dissatisfaction). The sample consists of 566 employees from two nuclear power plants in Spain. Structural equation modelling is used to determine the effects of role ambiguity and role overload on risky behaviours. Role stressors (role ambiguity and role overload) predict risky behaviours. On the one hand, role ambiguity predicts risky behaviours through dissatisfaction with both the job and safety. On the other hand, role overload positively and directly influences risky behaviours. Assessing and reducing workers’ role ambiguity and role overload levels is vital to avoid risky behaviours among employees.