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Resume L’aripiprazole est indique pour le traitement de la schizophrenie en Europe et aux Etats-Unis et celui des troubles bipolaires aux Etats-Unis. Cependant, une revue de la litterature recente montre que l’aripiprazole a ete etudie dans de nombreux autres troubles. Il s’agit notamment des depressions resistantes, des troubles anxieux et du trouble obsessionnel-compulsif, de la personnalite borderline , de la maladie de Gilles de la Tourette, des addictions, des troubles psychotiques de l’enfant et de l’adolescent et des troubles neurologiques et psychiatriques de la personne âgee (troubles delirants tardifs, Alzheimer, Parkinson, delirium). L’etude de l’aripiprazole dans ces nombreuses indications est suscitee par sa bonne tolerance et son action pharmacologique originale (effet agoniste partiel sur les recepteurs D2 et 5-HT1A et effet antagoniste sur les recepteurs 5-HT2A). Cet article passe en revue cette litterature recente, en pretant attention au niveau de preuve apporte par les differentes etudes.

Community development corporations (CDCs) attempt to build capacity-that is, the ability to carry out their functions more effectively-in a variety of ways. In previous research, the authors defined five categories of capacity (resource, organizational, networking, programmatic, and political). In this article, they take on the difficult task of measuring the amorphous concept of capacity building. They look specifically at the relationship between community development partnerships, local intermediaries funded in part by the Ford Foundation to support community development, and CDCs' capacity-building efforts. Their survey of 219 CDCs allows them to provide a detailed estimation of capacity of CDCs in twenty cities.

Community development partnerships (CDPs)—local intermediaries that gather support from foundations, corporations, and the public sector—are giving increased attention to building the capacity of community development corporations (CDCs). This article evaluates CDPs’ efforts to help nonprofit CDCs increase their capacity to revitalize low‐income communities. We identified five types of capacity and conducted interviews and focus groups with CDPs and CDCs across the nation. The nature of capacity and capacity building among CDCs, the ways partnerships help increase CDC capacity, what the partnerships and CDCs learn from each other, and how they could better gauge the effectiveness of capacity‐building support were discussed. We learned that CDCs and CDPs have forged an effective alliance and continue to work together: Community organizations require help in building capacity, and local partnerships provide the requisite funding, technical assistance, and other elements to help them grow and serve ...

We measured the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{(e,e}^{\ensuremath{'}}p)$ cross section as a function of missing energy in parallel kinematics for $(q,\ensuremath{\omega})=(970 \mathrm{MeV}/c, 330 \mathrm{MeV})$ and $(990 \mathrm{MeV}/c, 475 \mathrm{MeV}).$ At $\ensuremath{\omega}=475 \mathrm{MeV},$ at the maximum of the quasielastic peak, there is a large continuum ${(E}_{m}g50 \mathrm{MeV})$ cross section extending out to the deepest missing energy measured, amounting to almost 50% of the measured cross section. The ratio of data to distorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) calculation is 0.4 for both p and s shells. At $\ensuremath{\omega}=330 \mathrm{MeV},$ well below the maximum of the quasielastic peak, the continuum cross section is much smaller and the ratio of data to DWIA calculation is 0.85 for the p shell and 1.0 for the s shell. We infer that one or more mechanisms that increase with $\ensuremath{\omega}$ transform some of the single-nucleon knockouts into a multinucleon knockout, decreasing the valence knockout cross section and increasing the continuum cross section.

We have measured the [sup 12]C([gamma][sup *],[pi][sup [minus]][ital p])[sup 11]C[sub g.s.] cross section using virtual bremsstrahlung at three points at invariant masses of 1444 and 1530 MeV. At low neutron initial momentum ([ital p][sub [ital m]][approx]60 MeV/[ital c]) and large [ital N][sup *] momentum ([ital p][sub [ital N]][sup *][approx]750 MeV/[ital c]) the measured cross section is at or below the distorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) calculation. At larger initial momentum ([ital p][sub [ital m]][approx]220 MeV/[ital c]) and smaller [ital N][sup *] momentum ([ital p][sub [ital N]][sup *][approx]500 MeV/[ital c]), the measured cross section is almost twice as large as the DWIA calculation. This discrepancy might be due to [ital N][sup *]-nucleus interactions.

The structure of $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ is investigated using electron scattering measurements at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for momentum transfers between about 1.0 and 2.5 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. In addition to the 3/${2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ground state and the narrow 5/${2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ state at 2.43 MeV, detailed line-shape analysis was used to extract cross sections for broad states at 1.68, 3.05, 4.70, 6.38, 6.76, 11.28, and 13.79 MeV. The previously unknown state at 6.38 MeV was isolated from the known 6.76 MeV state in both (e,e') and (p,p') data using the dependence of peak position upon momentum transfer. On the basis of the form factor, the 6.38 MeV state replaces the 6.76 MeV state as the 7/${2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ member of the ground-state rotational band and the 6.76 MeV state is identified with the lowest 9/${2}^{+}$ state predicted by the shell model. The data for all states are compared with a shell-model calculation that uses the full 0\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega} and 1\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega} model spaces. Calculations are also presented for the narrow states between 14 and 18 MeV excitation.

Brefeldin A (BFA) causes rapid redistribution of Golgi proteins into the ER, leaving no definable Golgi apparatus, and blocks transport of proteins into post-Golgi compartments in the cell. In this study we follow the disassembly of the Golgi apparatus in BFA-treated, living cells labeled with NBD-ceramide and demonstrate that forskolin can both inhibit and reverse this process. Long, tubular processes labeled with NBD-ceramide were observed emerging from Golgi elements and extending out to the cell periphery in cells treated with BFA for 5 min. With longer incubations in BFA, the NBD label was dispersed in a fine reticular pattern characteristic of the ER. Treatment with forskolin inhibited these effects of BFA as well as BFA's earliest morphologic effect on the Golgi apparatus: the redistribution to the cytosol of a 110-kD Golgi peripheral membrane protein. In addition, forskolin could reverse BFA's block in protein secretion. Forskolin inhibition of BFA's effects was dose dependent and reversible. High concentrations of BFA could overcome forskolin's inhibitory effect, suggesting forskolin and BFA interact in a competitive fashion. Remarkably, in cells already exposed to BFA, forskolin could reverse BFA's effects causing the 110-kD Golgi peripheral membrane protein to reassociate with Golgi membrane and juxtanuclear Golgi complexes to reassemble. Neither membrane permeant cAMP analogues nor cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors could replicate or enhance forskolin's inhibition of BFA. 1,9-Dideoxyforskolin, which does not activate adenylyl cyclase, was equally as effective as forskolin in antagonizing BFA. A derivative of forskolin, 7-HPP-forskolin, that is less potent than forskolin at binding to adenylyl cyclase, was also equally effective as forskolin in antagonizing BFA. In contrast a similar derivative, 6-HPP-forskolin, that is equipotent with forskolin at binding to adenylyl cyclase, did not inhibit BFA's effects. These results suggest that forskolin acts as a competitive antagonist to BFA, using a cAMP-independent mechanism to prevent and reverse the morphologic effects induced by BFA.

We have measured missing-energy spectra for the reaction {sup 12}C({ital e},{ital e}{prime}{ital p}) in the quasielastic region in parallel kinematics at momentum transfers {ital q} of 585, 775, and 827 MeV/{ital c}. We observed {sup 1}{ital p} and {sup 1}{ital s} single-proton knockout peaks and large broad strength attributed to multinucleon knockout. We saw no increase in strength at pion threshold. The ratio of single-particle knockout to a distorted-wave impulse-approximation calculation is approximately constant with {ital q}. Multinucleon knockout is 25%--40% of the total cross section; it increases with {ital q}. This quasielastic non-single-nucleon knockout is much stronger than previously observed.

We applied stepwise regression for multivariate analysis of data for free thyroxin (FT4) in serum and for other laboratory tests of thyroid function in patients with nonthyroidal illness. Using the maximum R2 improvement and backward elimination methods to test five variables [prealbumin, albumin, T4-binding globulin (TBG), free fatty acids (FFA), and FFA/albumin molar ratio], we found that the variables with the greatest predictive power clustered according to the methodology of FT4 measurement. Thus, we best predicted the FT4 results obtained by 16 techniques as follows: FT4 measured by one-step (analog) RIAs, with albumin; FT4 determined by two-step (sequential) RIAs, with FFA or FFA/albumin molar ratio; FT4 estimated by a binding-rate-based RIA or conceptually related FT4 indices [based on triiodothyronine (T3) uptake], with TBG; FT4 measured by equilibrium dialysis, with TBG and FFA/albumin molar ratio; and T4/TBG ratios, with either none or prealbumin and albumin. We could very highly (P less than 0.001) predict total T4 and T3 by considering TBG, and total T3 also by considering prealbumin and albumin, whereas reverse T3 was predictable with prealbumin only (negative relationship). We found comparatively weak associations between thyrotropin (TSH) and albumin or TBG. In clinical practice, abnormalities in key variables should call attention to possible effects of these variables on FT4 and other thyroid-test results and thus to the need for appropriate correction or alternative testing.

This paper summarizes the efforts between Department of Energy's Federal Energy Management Program and industry in implementing executive order 13221 "standby power devices," which directs all federal agencies to buy products with low standby power (1 watt or less where possible). This paper also describes the significant role that federal purchasing can play in transforming the market for energy efficient products.

We report on a 56-year-old woman with acute lymphocytic leukemia who presented with right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Laboratory studies confirmed fungemia with Trichosporum beigelii, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated numerous low-attenuation liver lesions and a hypodense spleen with capsular enhancement suggestive of complete splenic infarction. Subsequent splenectomy confirmed that the spleen was completely infarcted and infiltrated with Trichosporum. The patient had a difficult postoperative course and died despite aggressive antifungal therapy.

We present the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a young patient with histological proven solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas. Although the appearance of this tumor at MRI can be useful in making a correct preoperative diagnosis, only few cases describing its MRI features have been reported in the radiological literature.

Strong job growth, a vigorous bull market, and other indicators are taken by many as evidence that the Nation is healthy and well positioned for the next century. Yet in recent decades income inequality has widened, poverty rates have remained high even during economic expansions, and disparities between cities and suburbs have grown more pronounced than ever before. In this article we draw on the Center for Urban Policy Research State of the Nation's Cities database to document 10 prominent changes affecting large cities in the past 30 years. We show how the technological change, globalization, demographic trends, and selective flows of people, jobs, and wealth have magnified inequality at the regional, metropolitan, and neighborhood levels. Particularly for older industrial cities, the processes driving national growth continue to reinforce inequalities in opportunity for individuals and communities.

Across this country, foreign companies have been acquiring existing businesses and starting new ones. Between 1980 and 1987, multinational corporations like Mitsubishi, Seagrams, Siemens, and Philips have quadrupled their ownership of American industry. They make everything from cars to clothing and sell everything from insurance to zippers. They refine oil, operate vineyards, lend money, and write advertising copy. Carnation, Mack Trucks, Brooks Brothers, Smith and Wesson, Ms. magazine, and Pillsbury are familiar “American” brand names owned by foreign investors. Foreigners have cut huge real estate deals and now own such major buildings as the ABC Building and ARCO Plaza. Ted Bates (advertising), CS First Boston (finance), Bloomingdales (clothing), and Hardees (food retailing) are examples of foreign-owned firms in the fast-growing service sector. The list is long, the industries diverse. Moreover, with this wave of investment carries new management practices, labor relations, and technology. Not only do foreign firms control more of the American economy, but they have become actively involved in politics, culture, philanthropy, and other aspects of community life.

The role of thrombolytic therapy has evolved since the discovery of the first lytic agent, streptokinase, in 1931. Since then, there have been several agents developed for specific areas of clot and some that have been forcibly adapted for use outside of their intended scope. Traditional use for thrombolytic therapy included acute MI, PE, and DVT. We have adapted thrombolytic therapy to treat acute occlusions of peripheral bypass grafts, dialysis fistula and grafts, venous access devices, and nonhemorrhagic stroke. Even newer uses are for fibrin sheaths around chest tubes. This presentation reviewed the history of the development of thrombolytic therapy, its uses in the coronaries and peripheral vasculature, the various agents that can be used, and the events of the mid-1990s that changed the practice in IR, NIR, and cardiac cath labs across the nation. This presentation allowed the participants to understand the role of each agent in thrombolytic therapy for each indication. They were able to better understand the roles of streptokinase, urokinase, and alteplase in acute MI, PE, DVT, and stroke. The participants have an understanding of the patient care associated with each clinical indication based on evidence-based medicine. The participants were also able to understand the difference in dosing each medication and the financial cost of each medication when treating clots at standard doses for each agent used. In addition, the participants were aware of the clients who were not having their clot treated adequately.

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) sets forth new standards for all subscribing institutions to follow. The JCAHO is not an organization that publishes documents that institutions must use; however, it sets forth goals and guidelines that each institution must adopt, adapt, and adhere to. This presentation allowed the class to understand the standards of the Joint Commission and adapt those standards to each varying institution. The presenters were shown the standards for leadership, standards for moderate sedation, and examples of the paperwork that some institutions have devised to meet their interpretation of the goals and standards at their institution. This presentation was an overview of the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, which is a 500-bed regional trauma center and one of the top hospitals in the country according to US News and World Report . The presenter discussed the department of radiology at UPMC (HUP), which performs over 275,000 diagnostic and procedural studies each year; the JCAHO standards and national patient safety goals for 2004 and 2005; and, finally, the strategies for developing paperwork to suit each individual's hospital's needs for meeting the goals of the JCAHO in the radiology department.

The Art of Chaortic Leadership is from an article by Dee Houck that first appeared as "The Art of Chaortic Leadership" (Chapter 7) in On Mission and Leadership . Chaortic leadership is a term that highlights the link between chaos and order. It allows the class to understand the role and effect that chaos has in the field of health care and helps students to understand how you can bring about order in any chaotic situation. Chaortic leadership skills are something that every radiology nurse and nurse manager must have to understand and survive in the ever-changing chaotic world of radiology nursing. It helps you to understand the sources of chaos in radiology, your role in chaos, and steps you can take to manage chaos in your department. Even though there have been radiology nurses for over 20 years, the role of the radiology nurse is to provide stability and continuity (order) to patient care, but, in the radiology environment, we are a source of chaos unto ourselves. The presenter gave an overview of the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, a 500-bed regional trauma center and a top hospital in the country according to US News and World Report . The presenter discussed chaortic leadership theory and practice that was first described by Dee Houck and showed how to apply the principles of chaortic leadership. Finally, the presenter discussed strategies for success as a radiology nurse when working in a small facility and for radiology nursing leaders whether they are supervisors of a small staff or managers of a large diagnostic and interventional department.

In this article we evaluate the effects of the location of the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation on Austin's economy and land use. The results of our analysis provide qualified support for the state's economic development strategy, which is based on science and technology. Although its short-term effects probably will be slight, MCC could generate significant economic and land use development over the long term, particularly in Austin. The results confirm the importance of an excellent research university and attractive quality of life in supporting an emerging technology strategy. Rapid urban growth in Austin threatens to frustrate the strategy, however, by eroding environmental quality and causing rapid increases in living costs. Citizens' recognition of those problems has given rise to renewed growth control efforts.

This paper performs a comparative analysis of urban form and metropolitan spatial change by use of estimates of population-density functions for samples of cities in the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and Japan. We find widespread evidence of decentralization during the 1960s in cities in all countries except West Germany. Comparing small and large cities, we also find that central density levels are higher and density gradients flatter for larger cities in all four samples. Both of these results tend to verify the predictions of the standard urban economic models. However, contrary to these models, we find that cities in richer countries are not necessarily more decentralized than cities in countries with lower income levels.

The internationalization of the U.S. economy over the past fifteen years has had a discernible impact on regional development. This paper is an analysis of the regional effects of inward foreign direct investment, a particularly dynamic component of the internationalization process. Foreign direct investment dispersed over time, with the locations of foreign operations becoming more like those of U.S. firms. Regression results demonstrate that the location of foreign-owned property, plant, and equipment can be explained by variables representing: energy costs, infrastructure/transportation, and labor climate.

The increasing importance of macroeconometric models in regional economic analysis is discussed. Conceptual and estimation problems are outlined and a prototype regional model is summarized. After a short history of such models, the specification of typical models and their testing is presented and the structure of an estimated model for Philadelphia is given. Applications of regional econometric models to forecasting, impact analysis and policy study are presented. The prospects for regional model building are contained in the final part of the paper.

A large-scale regional econometric model is estimated using six estimation techniques, including Iterated Instrumental Variables and Iterated Two-Stage Least-Squares. Following estimation the model is simulated and a seventh technique called PANGLOSS is derived. The seven techniques are then compared in ex post and ex ante tests.

HE analogy between the economy of a region and small country is a good starting point for regional modeling since the theories of the open economy and international trade transfer in important respects to regional analysis. On the other hand, recent econometric models of regions, although stressing macroeconometric relationships, have been structured along a unique pattern, quite different from national macro models. Numerous models have been constructed for states and even smaller areas' in the search to find an effective forecasting tool linking the regional economic outlook to the national economic forecast. Regional models are constructed as satellites to national models. The structure of the regional models has been greatly influenced by the purposes for which they are to be used and by the data. At this time it is possible to consider a "typical" structure for a regional model and to provide for it a somewhat clearer theoretical basis than has been customary. This article describes a new econometric model for the state of Mississippi, its theoretical background, estimation, and simulation applications. As with national models, one is tempted to adopt an aggregate income expenditure approach in a national accounts framework for regional model building.2 The regional econometric model would resemble the model of a small country.3 And, presumably, the national model could then be seen as the aggregation of many interrelated regional models.4 This resemblance takes little account of the purpose for which regional inodels are being built or of the lack on the regional level of the statistical materials which go into typical Keynesian model structures. The regional model builder needs to predict the evolution of the regional economy in the national economic setting. Like the small country economist, he takes the external (national) environment as given. If the region is small and industrially diversified, the feedbacks between regional developments and the national outlook are likely also to be small. In this sense the regional model builder can structure his model as a satellite of the national economy, the causation running from national developments to the region but not from the region to the nation.

Two sets of negative exponential functions, one for urban residential density and the second for land price, are estimated. The parameters of these functions are then employed in an econometric model of land use and urban form in 71 Japanese cities. Several variables are determined, including average land price, gross population density, housing size, and population.

We examined the effect of endogenous free fatty acids (FFA) on the measurement of free thyroxin (FT4) by five different methodologies represented in 16 different assays in a large number of patients with nonthyroidal illness (NTI). Some, but not all, one-step (analog) FT4 RIAs negatively correlated with FFA concentration. All two-step FT4 RIAs, equilibrium dialysis FT4, and the dialyzable (free) fraction of T4 positively correlated. In contrast, a binding-rate-based FT4 RIA, FT4 indices based on T3 macroaggregated albumin uptake, and T4/TBG ratios did not correlate. We also analyzed the FT4-FFA relationship with a second, more sensitive approach by correlating test results with FFA/albumin molar ratio as an estimate of the "excess" (nonalbumin bound) FFA. We found that all FT4 RIAs, equilibrium dialysis FT4, FT4 indices based on T3 uptake, the dialyzable fraction of labeled T4 in equilibrium dialysis, the fraction of labeled T4 bound to solid phase antibody in the binding-rate-based RIA, and T3 uptake correlated with the FFA/albumin molar ratio. This FFA dependency was comparable among all the various techniques and was relatively small. Thus, increases or decreases in FT4 results due to varying FFA (and albumin) concentrations are highly likely with most currently available methods (only the T4/TBG ratio did not reveal FFA-dependency), but the magnitude of changes varies with the "excess" FFA.

We studied the correlation of thyroxin (T4)-binding proteins with the apparent free T4 (FT4) in 101 patients with nonthyroidal illness (NTI). Most patients (95%) were seriously ill at the time of blood collection. Concentrations of T4-binding prealbumin (transthyretin), albumin, and T4-binding globulin (TBG) often were low in the sera of these patients. Albumin was the most frequently subnormal, TBG the least. FT4 in serum was determined by five methods represented in 16 different assays. With few exceptions, analog (one-step) FT4 RIAs--both the binding-rate-based RIA and the related FT4 indices (calculated from triiodothyronine-macroaggregated albumin uptake and total T4)--and T4/TBG ratios correlated positively and usually highly significantly (P less than 0.01) with concentrations of prealbumin, albumin, and TBG. Equilibrium dialysis values for FT4 did not correlate with prealbumin concentrations but showed a weakly (P less than 0.03) positive association with albumin and a highly significant (P less than 0.002) positive correlation with TBG. Of the three two-step FT4 RIAs tested, the only statistically significant but weakly (P less than 0.02) positive correlation with T4-binding proteins was between Spiria FT4 and TBG. Thus, in these NTI patients, FT4 estimates vary with methodology and, to a lesser extent, with the particular assay used. The results from two-step FT4 RIAs are least associated with binding protein concentrations.

The purpose of this paper is to set out the uses of regional econometric models for economic impact analysis. By impact analysis, I mean the problem of analyzing and forecasting the ramifications of exogenous shocks to regional economic systems. Such shocks might come from changes in ex-regional economic policy (such as stimulative or deflationary fiscal or monetary policy), more specific ex-regional spending decisions (changes in federal government spending, such as the closing of a defense facility), and other related types of phenomena. Through the use of regional econometric models, analysts can capture the direct and indirect effects on regions. For further treatment of this subject, see Klein and Glickman (1977), Glickman (1974), and L’Esperance (1976).

We studied the correlation of thyroxin (T4)-binding proteins with the apparent free T4 (FT4) in 101 patients with nonthyroidal illness (NTI). Most patients (95%) were seriously ill at the time of blood collection. Concentrations of T4-binding prealbumin (transthyretin), albumin, and T4-binding globulin (TBG) often were low in the sera of these patients. Albumin was the most frequently subnormal, TBG the least. FT4 in serum was determined by five methods represented in 16 different assays. With few exceptions, analog (one-step) FT4 RIAs--both the binding-rate-based RIA and the related FT4 indices (calculated from triiodothyronine-macroaggregated albumin uptake and total T4)--and T4/TBG ratios correlated positively and usually highly significantly (P less than 0.01) with concentrations of prealbumin, albumin, and TBG. Equilibrium dialysis values for FT4 did not correlate with prealbumin concentrations but showed a weakly (P less than 0.03) positive association with albumin and a highly significant (P less than 0.002) positive correlation with TBG. Of the three two-step FT4 RIAs tested, the only statistically significant but weakly (P less than 0.02) positive correlation with T4-binding proteins was between Spiria FT4 and TBG. Thus, in these NTI patients, FT4 estimates vary with methodology and, to a lesser extent, with the particular assay used. The results from two-step FT4 RIAs are least associated with binding protein concentrations.

Glickman N. J. and McHone W. W. (1977) Intercity migration and employment growth in the Japanese urban economy, Reg. Studies 11, 165–181. This study provides an empirical investigation of the labor market adjustment processes of seven industrial sectors of the Japanese urban economy. A theoretical model is formulated which provides the basic framework for estimating the responsiveness of each industrial sector's employment growth to net labor force migration, intra-city sectoral shifts in employment, and changes in the labor force participation rates of the city's working age population. Following the development of this model, the variables used to represent each of the three labor force adjustment mechanisms are rigorously defined and the source and extent of their intercity variations is analyzed. These variables are then used to construct an empirical model of the sectoral employment growth process. This model is estimated by the technique of Two Stage Least Squares with data from seventy-two Japanese...