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ummary Values of serum protein-bound iodine, radioiodine uptake tests and protein-bound radioactive iodine of 16 normal dogs are given. Radiochromatography of the serum extracts of normal dogs revealed increasing amounts of iodothyronines from 24 hr. to 48 hr. after I131 administration. In a normal dog which was studied for 8 days subsequent to isotope administration, labelled monoiodotyrosine was found on the last day. The laboratory findings in a thyrotoxic dog are compared with those of normal dogs and of 6 dogs suffering from thyroid carcinoma. Scintigraphy of the goitres proved to be of great diagnostic value. By radiochromatography of the serum extract of a dog with highly functional thyroid carcinoma considerable amounts of monoiodotyrosine were found. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen uber den Jodstoffwechsel normaler und kropfiger Hunde Bei 16 gesunden Hunden wurden folgende Werte bestimmt: das an Serumproteine gebundene Jod, die Aufnahme von J131, das proteingebundene J131. Mit Hilfe der Radiochromatographie von Serumextrakten normaler Hunde wurde ein Anstieg der Jodthyronine von der 24. bis 48. Stunde nach der Applikation von J131 festgestellt. Bei einem normalen Hund, welcher wahrend 8 Tagen nach der Isotopenverabreichung kontrolliert wurde, konnte am letzten Tag markiertes Monojodtyrosin gefunden werden. Bei einem Hund mit Thyrocotoxikose wurden die Laborbefunde mit denen von gesunden Hunden sowie 6 Hunden mit Schilddrusenkarzinom verglichen. Die Szintigraphie des Kropfes erwies sich diagnostisch als sehr wertvoll. Bei einem Hund mit einem hormonal aktiven Schilddrusenkarzinom wurden mit Hilfe der Radiochromatographie des Serumextraktes erhebliche Mengen von Monojodtyrosin gefunden. Resume Investigations sur le metabolisme iode chez des chiens normaux et goitreux On donne les valeurs de l'iode lie aux proteines seriques, des tests de fixation de l'iode radioactif et de l'iode radioactif lie aux proteines chez 16 chiens normaux. La radiochromatographie des extraits seriques des chiens normaux a revele des quantites croissantes de iodothyronine 24 a 48 heures apres administration de I131. Chez un chien normal, suivi pendant 8 jours apres administration d'isotopes, on a trouve de la monoiodotyrosine marquee le dernier jour. On compare les resultats des analyses de laboratoire d'un chien thyreotoxique avec ceux de chiens normaux et de 6 chiens atteints d'un carcinome de la thyroide. La scintillographie des goitres s'est averee d'une grande valeur pour le diagnostic. Par radiochromatographie d'un extrait de serum d'un chien atteint d'un carcinome tres actif de la thyroide, on a trouve des quantites considerables de monoiodotyrosine. Resumen Investigaciones sobre el metabolismo del yodo en perros normales y con bocio Se aportan los valores del yodo ligado a las proteinas sericas, pruebas de la absorcion de yodo radiactivo y del yodo radiactivo ligado a las proteinas de 16 perros normales. La radiocromatografia de los extractos sericos de perros normales revelan cantidades crecientes de yodotironina desde 24 h. hasta 48 h. despues de administrar I131. En un perro normal, que se vino estudiando a lo largo de 8 dias subsiguientes a la administracion de isotopos, se hallo monoyodotirosina marcada en el ultimo dia. Los hallazgos de laboratorio en un perro tirotoxico se comparan con los de perros normales y de 6 perros que padecian carcinoma tiroideo. Las escincilografias de los bocios demuestran tener un valor diagnostico grande. Mediante radiocromatografia de los extractos sericos de un perro con carcinoma tiroideo altamente funcional se hallaron cantidades considerables de monoyodotirosina.

Summary Since the macroscopical and microscopical examination of bull semen does not in all cases appear to give conclusive indications concerning the fertilizing capacity, an investigation of some biochemical parameters was undertaken. It was shown that the following biochemical examination could furnish some more information about the quality of the semen: 1. Determination of the phenylalanine- α-ketoglutarate transaminase activity both in the seminal plasma and in the whole semen. A high transaminase activity in the plasma points to leakage out of the spermatozoa, thus indicating an affection of the spermatozoa. In that case larger amounts of basic amino acids and of leucine were often found in the seminal plasma than would normally be observed. 2. Gas chromatographic examination of the steroids occurring both in the seminal plasma and in the spermatozoa. In a number of infertile bulls small peaks of progesterone were found together with those of other, unidentified compounds. 3. Investigation of the carbohydrate metabolism in the semen. In a number of fertile bulls the following deviations were found: a. the presence of quite a lot of fructose in the spermatozoa; b. the presence of glucuronic acid and / of other foreign compounds in the spermatozoa or in the plasma; c. an elevated pH in the seminal plasma some 2 to 3 hours after ejaculation; d. a low phenylalanine-α -ketoglutarate transaminase activity in the whole semen (the spermatozoa had been disrupted by freezing). 4. Investigation of the presence of reducing aldehydes (glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde) inside the spermatozoa. The determinations mentioned under 1, 3c and 3d can easily be carried out in the laboratories of each District Animal Health Service and of the A.I. stations; the same is true of the occurrence of amino acids in the seminal plasma and of fructose and aldehydes inside the spermatozoa if facilities are available for electrophoresis and chromatography.

It could be shown that in E. acervulina infected birds the absorption both of vitamin A and carotenes is strongly disturbed, chiefly in the proximal parts of the intestine. When the infection is stronger, more vitamin A is absorbed in the distal part of the intestine.

Inhalt: In den Ovarien von Schafen kommen wahrend des Brunstzyklus in den Folli-kelwandungen Hypotaurin und Inositol in Konzentrationen von 0–7 mg % bzw. 40 mg % vor. Hypotaurin wurde auβerdem in den Eileitern von Schaf, Pferd, Rind, Schwein und Kaninchen gefunden; in zwei Fallen gelang auch der Nachweis von Hypotaurin in der Fimbrienplatte der Hundin. Es wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, daβ bei mit Progesteron bebandelten Tieren das Fehlen von Hypotaurin moglicherweise die Entwicklung und den Transport der Eier ungunstig beeinfluβt. Contents: Hypotaurine and inositol appeared to be present in the follicle walls of sheep during the oestrus cycle. The concentrations are respectively about 0–7 mg % and 40 mg %. Hypotaurine could also be shown in the Fallopian tube of sheep, horse, cow, pig and rabbit; twice it could be detected in the fimbriae of the dog. The hypothesis is given, that in progesteron-treated animals lack of hypotaurine might influence unfavourably development or transport of eggs.

Hypotaurine was first detected in boar semen (Horst and Grooten, 1966). The free amino acid composition of boar seminal plasma was examined by paper electrophoresis at pH 4.5 and at pH 1.9 followed by ascending chromatography in the solvent system butanol-acetic acid-water (12:3:5). The amino acids were detected with ninhydrin. Leucine, phenylalanine, valine, alanine, glycine, serine and glutamic acid were present in readily detectable amounts; basic amino acids were only found in very small quantities. The most striking phenomenon, however, was a very large spot of an amino acid, which after electrophoresis at pH 4.5 appeared in the neutral fraction approximately in the same position as glycine, but, after electrophoresis at pH 1.9, the spot was found far to the left of glycine and of glutamic acid. This showed that the unknown amino acid would contain, besides the amino group, an acidic group stronger than the carboxyl group as e.g. a sulfonic acid group. Micro reactions according to Feigl (1960) established the presence of sulfur containing groups. Also thanks to the report of the chromatographic behaviour of eight sulfur containing amino acids, all related to cysteine, given by Italian investigators (De Marco et al., 1965) we were able to show that the unknown amino acid was hypotaurine. Later on the presence of hypotaurine in boar semen and in semen of other species of animals has been confirmed by other investigators (among others Johnson, 1972 and Kochakian, 1973).

High molecular weight substances could be isolated from sheep pineals with the "Bensinger" extraction method, followed by ultrafiltration of the waterlayer through different diaflomembranes. Two of the pineal fractions, XM100R and PM30R, stimulate the gonadotropin releasing activity of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). In experiments in which comparable pineal fractions were incubated without MBH and without pituitary and injected in immature mice no effect was detectable. All experiments in which a similar amount of rat cerebral cortex was used for incubation with pineal fractions did not show any activity.

Phenylalanin- und α-Aminocaprylsaure-α-Ketoglutarsaure-Transaminase konnte in den Spermatozoen des Ebers nachgewiesen werden. Mittels Aktivitatsbestimmung nachScandurra undCanella kann bereits nach 2 Stunden eine Qualitatsaussage uber das Sperma gemacht werden.

IN connexion with metabolic disorders occurring in cows, such as parturient paresis and acetonaemia, an investigation concerning the keto-acids occurring in blood serum and urine was started. Several authors have carried out work in this field concerning man. Keto-acids are converted into 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazones, after which they are separated by means of paper chromatography. The 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazones are reduced by hydrogen to amino-acids and identified as such. In this way Cavallini et al. 1, El Hawary and Thompson2, Markees3, Biserte and Dassonville4 and De Schepper et al. 5 showed that the following α-keto-acids occur in human blood: α-ketoglutaric acid, pyruvic acid, α-ketoisocaproic acid, α-ketoisovaleric acid and α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid. Moreover, it was shown that pyruvic acid predominates in human blood and α-ketoglutaric acid in human urine4.

It has been shown that E. acervulina infection in the chicken is attended with a strongly acid reaction of the intestinal content. The protein present in the intestinal wall is affected and therefore carotene cannot be taken up. The carotene, vitamin A and protein concentrations in the blood decrease much. Due to the low protein concentration the liver cannot maintain the normal vitamin A level in the blood. It has been established that these phenomenons begin at an early stage of the infection and the symptoms are observed best by the decrease of the carotene level in the blood.

AT the junction of uterus and vagina of the turkey a few scattered tubular glands have been observed, Spermatozoa are stored there2 and retain their fertilizing ability for about 45 days2. Turkey semen collected for insemination, however, has to be used within an hour of ejaculation, because fertility decreases considerably after that time.

THE Fallopian tube and uterus form the biochemical environment in which fertilization and early embryonic development occur. In this study we compared the free amino-acid content together with the inositol concentration in the Fallopian tube and in the uterus of the ewe, both on the ovarian side and in the middle of the uterus. We used some female sexual organs of ewes during various stages of the oestrous cycle. The day of oestrus was established by means of a vasectomized ram twice daily.