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1. Developments and results in the context of the JEM-EUSO program obtained with the ESAF simulation and analysis framework

Author

S. Abe, J. H. Adams, D. Allard, P. Alldredge, L. Anchordoqui, A. Anzalone, E. Arnone, B. Baret, D. Barghini, M. Battisti, J. Bayer, R. Bellotti, A. A. Belov, M. Bertaina, P. F. Bertone, M. Bianciotto, P. L. Biermann, F. Bisconti, C. Blaksley, S. Blin-Bondil, P. Bobik, K. Bolmgren, S. Briz, J. Burton, F. Cafagna, G. Cambié, D. Campana, F. Capel, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, A. Castellina, K. Černý, M. J. Christl, R. Colalillo, L. Conti, G. Cotto, H. J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, A. Creusot, A. Cummings, A. de Castro Gónzalez, C. de la Taille, L. del Peral, R. Diesing, P. Dinaucourt, A. Di Nola, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, J. Eser, F. Fenu, S. Ferrarese, G. Filippatos, W. W. Finch, F. Flaminio, C. Fornaro, D. Fuehne, C. Fuglesang, M. Fukushima, D. Gardiol, G. K. Garipov, A. Golzio, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, C. Guépin, A. Guzmán, A. Haungs, T. Heibges, J. Hernández-Carretero, F. Isgrò, E. G. Judd, F. Kajino, I. Kaneko, Y. Kawasaki, M. Kleifges, P. A. Klimov, I. Kreykenbohm, J. F. Krizmanic, V. Kungel, E. Kuznetsov, F. López Martínez, S. Mackovjak, D. Mandát, M. Manfrin, A. Marcelli, L. Marcelli, W. Marszał, J. N. Matthews, A. Menshikov, T. Mernik, M. Mese, S. S. Meyer, J. Mimouni, H. Miyamoto, Y. Mizumoto, A. Monaco, J.A Morales de los Ríos, S. Nagataki, J. M. Nachtman, D. Naumov, A. Neronov, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, Y. Onel, G. Osteria, A. Pagliaro, B. Panico, E. Parizot, I. H. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Paul, M. Pech, F. Perfetto, P. Picozza, L. W. Piotrowski, Z. Plebaniak, J. Posligua, R. Prevete, G. Prévôt, H. Prieto, M. Przybylak, M. Putis, E. Reali, P. Reardon, M. H. Reno, M. Ricci, M. Rodríguez Frías, G. Romoli, G. Sáez Cano, H. Sagawa, N. Sakaki, A. Santangelo, O. A. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, M. Sato, H. Schieler, P. Schovánek, V. Scotti, S. Selmane, S. A. Sharakin, K. Shinozaki, J. F. Soriano, J. Szabelski, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, C. Tenzer, S. B. Thomas, L. G. Tkachev, T. Tomida, S. Toscano, M. Traïche, D. Trofimov, K. Tsuno, P. Vallania, L. Valore, T. M. Venters, C. Vigorito, P. von Ballmoos, M. Vrabel, S. Wada, J. Watts, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, J. Wilms, D. Winn, H. Wistrand, I. V. Yashin, R. Young, and M. Yu. Zotov

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract JEM-EUSO is an international program for the development of space-based Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray observatories. The program consists of a series of missions which are either under development or in the data analysis phase. All instruments are based on a wide-field-of-view telescope, which operates in the near-UV range, designed to detect the fluorescence light emitted by extensive air showers in the atmosphere. We describe the simulation software ESAF in the framework of the JEM-EUSO program and explain the physical assumptions used. We present here the implementation of the JEM-EUSO, POEMMA, K-EUSO, TUS, Mini-EUSO, EUSO-SPB1 and EUSO-TA configurations in ESAF. For the first time ESAF simulation outputs are compared with experimental data.

Published
2023
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2. Dataset of night-time emissions of the Earth in the near UV range (290-430 nm), with 6.3 km resolution in the latitude range -51.6

Author

L. Marcelli, K. Bolmgren, D. Barghini, M. Battisti, C. Blaksley, S. Blin, A. Belov, M. Bertaina, M. Bianciotto, F. Bisconti, G. Cambiè, F. Capel, M. Casolino, I. Churilo, M. Crisconio, C. De La Taille, T. Ebisuzaki, J. Eser, F. Fenu, M.A. Franceschi, C. Fuglesang, A. Golzio, P. Gorodetzky, H. Kasuga, F. Kajino, P. Klimov, V. Kuznetsov, M. Manfrin, G. Mascetti, W. Marszal, H. Miyamoto, A. Murashov, T. Napolitano, H. Ohmori, A. Olinto, E. Parizot, P. Picozza, L.W. Piotrowski, Z. Plebaniak, G. Prevot, E. Reali, G. Romoli, M. Ricci, N. Sakaki, K. Shinozaki, J. Szabelski, Y. Takizawa, V. Vagelli, G. Valentini, M. Vrabel, and L. Wiencke

Subjects
UV terrestrial emissions, UV maps, ISS, Mini-EUSO, Earth observation from space, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

The data presented in this article are related to the research paper entitled “Observation of night-time emissions of the Earth in the near UV range from the International Space Station with the Mini-EUSO detector” (Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 284, January 2023, 113336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113336).The data have been acquired with the Mini-EUSO detector, an UV telescope operating in the range 290-430 nm and located inside the International Space Station. The detector was launched in August 2019, and it has started operations from the nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module in October 2019. The data presented here refer to 32 sessions acquired between 2019-11-19 and 2021-05-06. The instrument consists of a Fresnel-lens optical system and a focal surface composed of 36 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, each with 64 channels, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity. The telescope, with a square field-of-view of 44°, has a spatial resolution on the Earth surface of 6.3 km and saves triggered transient phenomena with a temporal resolution of 2.5 µs and 320 µs. The telescope also operates in continuous acquisition at a 40.96 ms scale.In this article, large-area night-time UV maps obtained processing the 40.96 ms data, taking averages over regions of some specific geographical areas (e.g., Europe, North America) and over the entire globe, are presented. Data are binned into 0.1° × 0.1° or 0.05° × 0.05° cells (depending on the scale of the map) over the Earth's surface. Raw data are made available in the form of tables (latitude, longitude, counts) and .kmz files (containing the .png images). These are – to the best of our knowledge – the highest sensitivity data in this wavelength range and can be of use to various disciplines.

Published
2023
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3. A Review of the EUSO-Balloon Pathfinder for the JEM-EUSO Program

Author

J. H. Adams, S. Ahmad, D. Allard, A. Anzalone, S. Bacholle, P. Barrillon, J. Bayer, M. Bertaina, F. Bisconti, C. Blaksley, S. Blin-Bondil, P. Bobík, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, F. Capel, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, C. Catalano, R. Cremonini, S. Dagoret-Campagne, P. Danto, L. del Peral, C. de la Taille, A. Díaz Damian, M. Dupieux, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, J. Eser, J. Evrard, F. Fenu, S. Ferrarese, C. Fornaro, M. Fouka, P. Gorodetzky, F. Guarino, A. Guzman, Y. Hachisu, A. Haungs, E. Judd, A. Jung, J. Karczmarczyk, Y. Kawasaki, P. A. Klimov, E. Kuznetsov, S. Mackovjak, M. Manfrin, L. Marcelli, G. Medina-Tanco, K. Mercier, A. Merino, T. Mernik, H. Miyamoto, J. A. Morales de los Ríos, C. Moretto, B. Mot, A. Neronov, H. Ohmori, A. V. Olinto, G. Osteria, B. Panico, E. Parizot, T. Paul, P. Picozza, L. W. Piotrowski, Z. Plebaniak, S. Pliego, P. Prat, G. Prévôt, H. Prieto, M. Putis, J. Rabanal, M. Ricci, J. Rojas, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, G. Roudil, G. Sáez Cano, Z. Sahnoun, N. Sakaki, J. C. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, F. Sarazin, V. Scotti, K. Shinozaki, H. Silva, J. F. Soriano, G. Suino, J. Szabelski, S. Toscano, I. Tabone, Y. Takizawa, P. von Ballmoos, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, and M. Zotov

Published
2022
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4. The POEMMA (Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics) Observatory

Author

A. V. Olinto, J. Krizmanic, J. H. Adams, R. Aloisio, L. A. Anchordoqui, M. Bagheri, D. Barghini, M. Battisti, D. R. Bergman, M. E. Bertaina, P. F. Bertone, F. Bisconti, M. Bustamante, M. Casolino, K. Cerny, M. J. Christi, A. L. Cummings, I. de Mitri, R. Diesing, R. Engel, J. Eser, K. Fang, F. Fenu, G. Filippatos, E. Gazda, C. Guepin, A. Haungs, E. A. Hays, E. G. Judd, P. Klimov, V. Kungel, E. Kuznetsov, S. Mackovjak, D. Mandat, L. Marcelli, J. McEnery, G. Medina-Tanco, K. -D. Merenda, S. S. Meyer, J. W. Mitchell, H. Miyamoto, J. M. Nachtman, A. Neronov, F. Oikonomou, Y. Onel, A. N. Otte, E. Parizot, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. S. Perkins, P. Picozza, L. W. Piotrowski, Z. Plebaniak, G. Prevot, P. Reardon, M. H. Reno, M. Ricci, O. Romero Matamala, F. Sarazin, P. Schovanek, K. Shinozaki, J. F. Soriano, F. Stecker, Y. Takizawa, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, T. M. Venters, L. Wiencke, D. Winn, R. M. Young, and M. Zotov

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is designed to accurately observe ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and cosmic neutrinos from space with sensitivity over the full celestial sky. POEMMA will observe the air fluorescence produced by extensive air showers (EASs) from UHECRs and potentially UHE neutrinos above 20 EeV. Additionally, POEMMA has the ability to observe the Cherenkov signal from upward-moving EASs induced by Earth-interacting tau neutrinos above 20 PeV. The POEMMA spacecraft are designed to quickly re-orientate to follow up transient neutrino sources and obtain currently unparalleled neutrino flux sensitivity. Developed as a NASA Astrophysics Probe-class mission, POEMMA consists of two identical satellites flying in loose formation in 525 km altitude orbits. Each POEMMA instrument incorporates a wide field-of-view (45°) Schmidt telescope with an optical collecting area of over 6 sq. m. The hybrid focal surface of each telescope includes a fast (1 μs) near-ultraviolet camera for EAS fluorescence observations and an ultrafast (10 ns) optical camera for Cherenkov EAS observations. In a 5-year mission, POEMMA will provide measurements that open new multi-messenger windows onto the most energetic events in the universe, enabling the study of new astrophysics and particle physics at these extreme energies.

Published
2021
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6. Integration, qualification, and launch of the Mini-EUSO telescope on board the ISS

Author

L. Marcelli, D. Barghini, M. Battisti, C. Blaksley, S. Blin, A. Belov, M. Bertaina, M. Bianciotto, F. Bisconti, K. Bolmgren, G. Cambiè, F. Capel, M. Casolino, I. Churilo, M. Crisconio, C. De La Taille, T. Ebisuzaki, J. Eser, F. Fenu, M. A. Franceschi, C. Fuglesang, A. Golzio, P. Gorodetzky, H. Kasuga, F. Kajino, P. Klimov, V. Kuznetsov, M. Manfrin, G. Mascetti, W. Marszał, H. Miyamoto, A. Murashov, T. Napolitano, H. Ohmori, A. Olinto, E. Parizot, P. Picozza, L. W. Piotrowski, Z. Plebaniak, G. Prévôt, E. Reali, G. Romoli, M. Ricci, N. Sakaki, K. Shinozaki, J. Szabelski, Y. Takizawa, G. Valentini, M. Vrabel, L. Wiencke, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], General Environmental Science
Abstract

International audience; Mini-EUSO is a high-sensitivity imaging telescope that observes the Earth from the ISS in the near ultraviolet band (290÷ 430 nm), through the nadir-facing, UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module. The instrument, launched in 2019, has a field of view of 44∘, a spatial resolution on the Earth’s surface of 6.3 km and a temporal sampling rate of 2.5 microseconds. Thanks to its triggering and on-board processing, the telescope is capable of detecting UV emissions of cosmic, atmospheric, and terrestrial origin on different time scales, from a few microseconds up to tens of milliseconds. The optics is composed of two Fresnel lenses focusing light onto an array of 36 Hamamatsu Multi-Anode PhotoMultiplier Tubes, for a total of 2304 pixels. The telescope also contains two cameras in the near-infrared and visible, an 8-by-8 array of Silicon-PhotoMultipliers and a series of UV sensors to manage night-day transitions. The scientific objectives range from the observation of atmospheric phenomena [lightning, Transient Luminous Events (TLEs), ELVES], the study of meteoroids, the search of interstellar meteoroids and strange quark matter, mapping of the Earth’s nocturnal emissions in the ultraviolet range, and the search of cosmic rays with energy above 1021 eV. The instrument has been integrated and qualified in 2019, with the final tests in Baikonur prior to its launch. Operations involve periodic installation in the Zvezda module of the station with observations during the crew night time, with periodic downlink of data samples, with the full data being sent to the ground via pouches containing the data disks. Mission planning involves the selection of the optimal orbits to maximize the scientific return of the instrument. In this work, we will describe the various phases of construction, testing, and qualification prior to the launch and the in-flight operations of the instrument on board the ISS.

Published
2023

7. Ultra high energy cosmic rays The intersection of the Cosmic and Energy Frontiers

Author

A. Coleman, J. Eser, E. Mayotte, F. Sarazin, F.G. Schröder, D. Soldin, T.M. Venters, R. Aloisio, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, D. Bergman, M. Bertaina, L. Caccianiga, O. Deligny, H.P. Dembinski, P.B. Denton, A. di Matteo, N. Globus, J. Glombitza, G. Golup, A. Haungs, J.R. Hörandel, T.R. Jaffe, J.L. Kelley, J.F. Krizmanic, L. Lu, J.N. Matthews, I. Mariş, R. Mussa, F. Oikonomou, T. Pierog, E. Santos, P. Tinyakov, Y. Tsunesada, M. Unger, A. Yushkov, M.G. Albrow, L.A. Anchordoqui, K. Andeen, E. Arnone, D. Barghini, E. Bechtol, J.A. Bellido, M. Casolino, A. Castellina, L. Cazon, R. Conceição, R. Cremonini, H. Dujmovic, R. Engel, G. Farrar, F. Fenu, S. Ferrarese, T. Fujii, D. Gardiol, M. Gritsevich, P. Homola, T. Huege, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, E. Kido, P. Klimov, K. Kotera, B. Kozelov, A. Leszczyńska, J. Madsen, L. Marcelli, M. Marisaldi, O. Martineau-Huynh, S. Mayotte, K. Mulrey, K. Murase, M.S. Muzio, S. Ogio, A.V. Olinto, Y. Onel, T. Paul, L. Piotrowski, M. Plum, B. Pont, M. Reininghaus, B. Riedel, F. Riehn, M. Roth, T. Sako, F. Schlüter, D.H. Shoemaker, J. Sidhu, I. Sidelnik, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, D. Veberic, S. Verpoest, V. Verzi, J. Vícha, D. Winn, E. Zas, and M. Zotov

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Energy Frontier, Astronomy, Particle physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic Frontier, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Astroparticle Physics, Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, Snowmass White Paper, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The present white paper is submitted as part of the "Snowmass" process to help inform the long-term plans of the United States Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation for high-energy physics. It summarizes the science questions driving the Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray (UHECR) community and provides recommendations on the strategy to answer them in the next two decades., Comment: Prepared as a solicited white paper for the 2021 Snowmass process. To be published in the Journal of High Energy Astrophysics. v2: fixed typos in author list. v3: included all community feedback received by July 1st 2022 and added the list of endorsers. v4 is the post-reviewer preprint accepted to Astroparticle Physics vol. 149

Published
2023

8. Observation of night-time emissions of the Earth in the near UV range from the International Space Station with the Mini-EUSO detector

Author

M. Casolino, D. Barghini, M. Battisti, C. Blaksley, A. Belov, M. Bertaina, M. Bianciotto, F. Bisconti, S. Blin, K. Bolmgren, G. Cambiè, F. Capel, I. Churilo, M. Crisconio, C. De La Taille, T. Ebisuzaki, J. Eser, F. Fenu, M.A. Franceschi, C. Fuglesang, A. Golzio, P. Gorodetzky, H. Kasuga, F. Kajino, P. Klimov, V. Kuznetsov, M. Manfrin, L. Marcelli, G. Mascetti, W. Marszał, H. Miyamoto, A. Murashov, T. Napolitano, H. Ohmori, A. Olinto, E. Parizot, P. Picozza, L.W. Piotrowski, Z. Plebaniak, G. Prévôt, E. Reali, G. Romoli, M. Ricci, N. Sakaki, K. Shinozaki, J. Szabelski, Y. Takizawa, G. Valentini, M. Vrabel, L. Wiencke, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Mini-EUSO, JEM-EUSO, UV emissions, Terrestrial emissions, ISS, Soil Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Geology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Computers in Earth Sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

Mini-EUSO (Multiwavelength Imaging New Instrument for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) is a telescope observing the Earth from the International Space Station since 2019. The instrument employs a Fresnel-lens optical system and a focal surface composed of 36 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, 64 channels each, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity. Mini-EUSO also contains two ancillary cameras to complement measurements in the near infrared and visible ranges. The scientific objectives of the mission range from the search for extensive air showers generated by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) with energies above 10$^{21}$ eV, the search for nuclearites and Strange Quark Matter (SQM), up to the study of atmospheric phenomena such as Transient Luminous Events (TLEs), meteors and meteoroids. Mini-EUSO can map the night-time Earth in the near UV range (between 290-430 nm) with a spatial resolution of about 6.3 km (full field of view of 44{\deg}) and a maximum temporal resolution of 2.5 $\mu$s, observing our planet through a nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module. The detector saves triggered transient phenomena with a sampling rate of 2.5 $\mu$s and 320 $\mu$s, as well as continuous acquisition at 40.96 ms scale. In this paper we discuss the detector response and the flat-fielding and calibration procedures. Using the 40.96 ms data, we present $\simeq$6.3 km resolution night-time Earth maps in the UV band, and report on various emissions of anthropogenic and natural origin. We measure ionospheric airglow emissions of dark moonless nights over the sea and ground, studying the effect of clouds, moonlight, and artificial (towns, boats) lights. In addition to paving the way forward for the study of long-term variations of natural and artificial light, we also estimate the observation live-time of future UHECR detectors., Comment: 49 pages, 27 figures, 1 table, published in Remote Sensing of Environment

Published
2022

9. EUSO-SPB2 Fluorescence Telescope trigger test within the EUSO@TurLab Project

Author

Matteo Battisti, A. Belov, M.E. Bertaina, F. Bisconti, S. Blin, J. Eser, G. Filippatos, P. Klimov, M. Manfrin, M. Mignone, H. Miyamoto, E. Parizot, L.W. Piotrowski, G. Prévôt, E. Santero Mormile, F. Sarazin, J. Szabelski, L. Wiencke, Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and JEM-EUSO

Subjects
logic, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, detector, JEM-EUSO, trigger, tracks, UHE, observatory, TurLab, Fluorescence Telescope, cosmic radiation, atmosphere, EUSO-SPB2, Trigger, hardware, Cherenkov, fluorescence, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation, performance
Abstract

International audience; The second generation Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super-Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB2) mission is on track to be approved by NASA for a long duration flight (up to 100 days) in 2023 from Wanaka, New Zealand. EUSO-SPB2 will monitor the night atmosphere of the Southern hemisphere from 33 km altitude to detect Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) and search for astrophysical and cosmogenic neutrinos. EUSO-SPB2 features two telescopes, a Cherenkov (CT) and a Fluorescence (FT) Telescope. The hardware implementation and performance of the FT trigger logic were tested at the TurLab facility, hosted at the University of Turin. The tests proved the correct hardware implementation of the trigger logic and its ability to detect μs timescale transient signals.

Published
2023

11. First observations of speed of light tracks by a fluorescence detector looking down on the atmosphere

Author

G. Abdellaoui, S. Abe, J.H. Adams Jr., A. Ahriche, D. Allard, L. Allen, G. Alonso, L. Anchordoqui, A. Anzalone, Y. Arai, K. Asano, R. Attallah, H. Attoui, M. Ave Pernas, S. Bacholle, M. Bakiri, P. Baragatti, P. Barrillon, S. Bartocci, J. Bayer, B. Beldjilali, T. Belenguer, N. Belkhalfa, R. Bellotti, A. Belov, K. Belov, K. Benmessai, M. Bertaina, P.L. Biermann, S. Biktemerova, F. Bisconti, N. Blanc, J. Błȩcki, S. Blin-Bondil, P. Bobik, M. Bogomilov, E. Bozzo, A. Bruno, K.S. Caballero, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, J-N. Capdevielle, F. Capel, A. Caramete, L. Caramete, P. Carlson, R. Caruso, M. Casolino, C. Cassardo, A. Castellina, C. Catalano, O. Catalano, A. Cellino, M. Chikawa, G. Chiritoi, M.J. Christl, V. Connaughton, L. Conti, G. Cordero, G. Cotto, H.J. Crawford, R. Cremonini, S. Csorna, A. Cummings, S. Dagoret-Campagne, C. De Donato, C. de la Taille, C. De Santis, L. del Peral, M. Di Martino, A. Diaz Damian, T. Djemil, I. Dutan, A. Ebersoldt, T. Ebisuzaki, R. Engel, J. Eser, F. Fenu, S. Fernández-González, J. Fernández-Soriano, S. Ferrarese, M. Flamini, C. Fornaro, M. Fouka, A. Franceschi, S. Franchini, C. Fuglesang, T. Fujii, J. Fujimoto, M. Fukushima, P. Galeotti, E. García-Ortega, G. Garipov, E. Gascón, J. Genci, G. Giraudo, C. González Alvarado, P. Gorodetzky, R. Greg, F. Guarino, A. Guzmán, Y. Hachisu, M. Haiduc, B. Harlov, A. Haungs, J. Hernández Carretero, W. Hidber Cruz, D. Ikeda, N. Inoue, S. Inoue, F. Isgrò, Y. Itow, T. Jammer, S. Jeong, E. Joven, E.G. Judd, A. Jung, J. Jochum, F. Kajino, T. Kajino, S. Kalli, I. Kaneko, Y. Karadzhov, J. Karczmarczyk, K. Katahira, K. Kawai, Y. Kawasaki, A. Kedadra, H. Khales, B.A. Khrenov, Jeong-Sook Kim, Soon-Wook Kim, M. Kleifges, P.A. Klimov, D. Kolev, H. Krantz, I. Kreykenbohm, K. Kudela, Y. Kurihara, A. Kusenko, E. Kuznetsov, A. La Barbera, C. Lachaud, H. Lahmar, F. Lakhdari, R. Larson, O. Larsson, J. Lee, J. Licandro, L. López Campano, M.C. Maccarone, S. Mackovjak, M. Mahdi, D. Maravilla, L. Marcelli, J.L. Marcos, A. Marini, W. Marszał, K. Martens, Y. Martín, O. Martinez, M. Martucci, G. Masciantonio, K. Mase, M. Mastafa, R. Matev, J.N. Matthews, N. Mebarki, G. Medina-Tanco, M.A. Mendoza, A. Menshikov, A. Merino, J. Meseguer, S.S. Meyer, J. Mimouni, H. Miyamoto, Y. Mizumoto, A. Monaco, J.A. Morales de los Ríos, C. Moretto, S. Nagataki, S. Naitamor, T. Napolitano, W. Naslund, R. Nava, A. Neronov, K. Nomoto, T. Nonaka, T. Ogawa, S. Ogio, H. Ohmori, A.V. Olinto, P. Orleański, G. Osteria, A. Pagliaro, W. Painter, M.I. Panasyuk, B. Panico, G. Pasqualino, E. Parizot, I.H. Park, B. Pastircak, T. Patzak, T. Paul, I. Pérez-Grande, F. Perfetto, T. Peter, P. Picozza, S. Pindado, L.W. Piotrowski, S. Piraino, L. Placidi, Z. Plebaniak, S. Pliego, A. Pollini, Z. Polonski, E.M. Popescu, P. Prat, G. Prévôt, H. Prieto, G. Puehlhofer, M. Putis, J. Rabanal, A.A. Radu, M. Reyes, M. Rezazadeh, M. Ricci, M.D. Rodríguez Frías, M. Rodencal, F. Ronga, G. Roudil, I. Rusinov, M. Rybczyński, M.D. Sabau, G. Sáez Cano, H. Sagawa, Z. Sahnoune, A. Saito, N. Sakaki, H. Salazar, J.C. Sanchez Balanzar, J.L. Sánchez, A. Santangelo, A. Sanz-Andrés, M. Sanz Palomino, O. Saprykin, F. Sarazin, M. Sato, T. Schanz, H. Schieler, V. Scotti, S. Selmane, D. Semikoz, M. Serra, S. Sharakin, H.M. Shimizu, K. Shinozaki, T. Shirahama, B. Spataro, I. Stan, T. Sugiyama, D. Supanitsky, M. Suzuki, B. Szabelska, J. Szabelski, N. Tajima, T. Tajima, Y. Takahashi, H. Takami, M. Takeda, Y. Takizawa, M.C. Talai, C. Tenzer, S.B. Thomas, O. Tibolla, L. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, N. Tone, S. Toscano, M. Traïche, R. Tsenov, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsuno, J. Tubbs, S. Turriziani, Y. Uchihori, O. Vaduvescu, J.F. Valdés-Galicia, P. Vallania, G. Vankova, C. Vigorito, L. Villaseñor, B. Vlcek, P. von Ballmoos, M. Vrabel, S. Wada, J. Watanabe, J. Watts Jr., M. Weber, R. Weigand Muñoz, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, M. Wille, J. Wilms, Z. Włodarczyk, T. Yamamoto, J. Yang, H. Yano, I.V. Yashin, D. Yonetoku, S. Yoshida, R. Young, I.S Zgura, M.Yu. Zotov, A. Zuccaro Marchi, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), JEM-EUSO, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdellaoui, G., Abe, S., Adams, J., Ahriche, A., Allard, D., Allen, L., Alonso, G., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arai, Y., Asano, K., Attallah, R., Attoui, H., Ave Pernas, M., Bacholle, S., Bakiri, M., Baragatti, P., Barrillon, P., Bartocci, S., Bayer, J., Beldjilali, B., Belenguer, T., Belkhalfa, N., Bellotti, R., Belov, A., Belov, K., Belz, J. W., Benmessai, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Biktemerova, S., Bisconti, F., Blanc, N., Blecki, J., Blin-Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bozzo, E., Bruno, A., Caballero, K. S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J-N., Capel, F., Caramete, A., Caramete, L., Carlson, P., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cellino, A., Chikawa, M., Chiritoi, G., Christl, M. J., Connaughton, V., Conti, L., Cordero, G., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Csorna, S., Cummings, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., De Donato, C., de la Taille, C., De Santis, C., del Peral, L., Di Martino, M., Djemil, T., Dutan, I., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Engel, R., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Fernández-González, S., Fernández-Soriano, J., Ferrarese, S., Flamini, M., Fornaro, C., Fouka, M., Franceschi, A., Franchini, S., Fuglesang, C., Fujii, T., Fujimoto, J., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., García-Ortega, E., Garipov, G., Gascón, E., Genci, J., Giraudo, G., González Alvarado, C., Gorodetzky, P., Greg, R., Guarino, F., Guzmán, A., Hachisu, Y., Haiduc, M., Harlov, B., Haungs, A., Hernández Carretero, J., Hidber Cruz, W., Ikeda, D., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Isgrò, F., Itow, Y., Jammer, T., Jeong, S., Joven, E., Judd, E., Jung, A., Jochum, J., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kalli, S., Kaneko, I., Karadzhov, Y., Karczmarczyk, J., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Kedadra, A., Khales, H., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, Jeong-Sook, Kim, Soon-Wook, Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kolev, D., Krantz, H., Kreykenbohm, I., Kudela, K., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., La Barbera, A., Lachaud, C., Lahmar, H., Lakhdari, F., Larsson, O., Lee, J., Licandro, J., López Campano, L., Maccarone, M. C., Mackovjak, S., Mahdi, M., Maravilla, D., Marcelli, L., Marcos, J., Marini, A., Marszal, W., Martens, K., Martín, Y., Martinez, O., Martucci, M., Masciantonio, G., Mase, K., Mustafa, M., Matev, R., Matthews, J., Mebarki, N., Medina-Tanco, G., Mendoza, M. A., Menshikov, A., Merino, A., Meseguer, J., Meyer, S. S., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Mizumoto, Y., Monaco, A., Morales de los Ríos, J. A., Nagataki, S., Naitamor, S., Napolitano, T., Nava, R., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Orleański, P., Osteria, G., Pagliaro, A., Painter, W., Panasyuk, M. I., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Pastircak, B., Patzak, T., Paul, T., Pérez-Grande, I., Perfetto, F., Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pindado, S., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Placidi, L., Plebaniak, Z., Pliego, S., Pollini, A., Polonski, Z., Popescu, E. M., Prat, P., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Puehlhofer, G., Putis, M., Rabanal, J., Radu, A. A., Reyes, M., Rezazadeh, M., Ricci, M., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ronga, F., Roudil, G., Rusinov, I., Rybczyński, M., Sabau, M., Sáez Cano, G., Sagawa, H., Sahnoune, Z., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Salazar, H., Sanchez Balanzar, J. C., Sánchez, J. L., Santangelo, A., Sanz-Andrés, A., Sanz Palomino, M., Saprykin, O., Sarazin, F., Sato, M., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Scotti, V., Selmane, S., Semikoz, D., Serra, M., Sharakin, S., Shimizu, H. M., Shin, H. S., Shinozaki, K., Shirahama, T., Sokolsky, P., Spataro, B., Stan, I., Sugiyama, T., Supanitsky, D., Suzuki, M., Szabelska, B., Szabelski, J., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takami, H., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Talai, M. C., Tameda, Y., Tenzer, C., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tibolla, O., Tkachev, L., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Tone, N., Toscano, S., Traïche, M., Tsenov, R., Tsunesada, Y., Tsuno, K., Tubbs, J., Turriziani, S., Uchihori, Y., Vaduvescu, O., Valdés-Galicia, J. F., Vallania, P., Vankova, G., Vigorito, C., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., von Ballmoos, P., Vrabel, M., Wada, S., Watanabe, J., Watts, J., Weber, M., Weigand Muñoz, R., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wille, M., Wilms, J., Włodarczyk, Z., Yamamoto, T., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yashin, I. V., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zgura, I. S., Zotov, M. Yu., and Zuccaro Marchi, A.

Subjects
visible and IR photons, Balloon instrumentation, Detectors for UV, visible and IR photons, Lasers, Space instrumentation, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Laser, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence spectroscopy, law.invention, Aeronáutica, Atmosphere, Xenon, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Detectors for UV, Physics, Instrumentation et méthodes en physique, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Autres mathématiques, Speed of light (cellular automaton), 3. Good health, Pathfinder, chemistry, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Detectors for UV, visible and IR photon
Abstract

EUSO-Balloon is a pathfinder mission for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory onboard the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO). It was launched on the moonless night of the 25th of August 2014 from Timmins, Canada. The flight ended successfully after maintaining the target altitude of 38 km for five hours. One part of the mission was a 2.5 hour underflight using a helicopter equipped with three UV light sources (LED, xenon flasher and laser) to perform an inflight calibration and examine the detectors capability to measure tracks moving at the speed of light. We describe the helicopter laser system and details of the underflight as well as how the laser tracks were recorded and found in the data. These are the first recorded laser tracks measured from a fluorescence detector looking down on the atmosphere. Finally, we present a first reconstruction of the direction of the laser tracks relative to the detector., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2018

12. Preliminary analysis of EUSO—TA data.

Author

F Fenu, L W Piotrowski, H Shin, A Jung, S Bacholle, F Bisconti, F Capel, J Eser, Y Kawasaki, E Kuznetsov, O Larsson, S Mackovjak, H Miyamoto, Z Plebaniak, G Prevot, M Putis, K Shinozaki, J Adams, M Bertaina, and P Bobik

Published
2016
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13. Dataset of night-time emissions of the Earth in the near UV range (290-430 nm), with 6.3 km resolution in the latitude range -51.6<L<+51.6 degrees, acquired on board the International Space Station with the Mini-EUSO detector.

Author

Marcelli L, Bolmgren K, Barghini D, Battisti M, Blaksley C, Blin S, Belov A, Bertaina M, Bianciotto M, Bisconti F, Cambiè G, Capel F, Casolino M, Churilo I, Crisconio M, Taille C, Ebisuzaki T, Eser J, Fenu F, Franceschi MA, Fuglesang C, Golzio A, Gorodetzky P, Kasuga H, Kajino F, Klimov P, Kuznetsov V, Manfrin M, Mascetti G, Marszal W, Miyamoto H, Murashov A, Napolitano T, Ohmori H, Olinto A, Parizot E, Picozza P, Piotrowski LW, Plebaniak Z, Prevot G, Reali E, Romoli G, Ricci M, Sakaki N, Shinozaki K, Szabelski J, Takizawa Y, Vagelli V, Valentini G, Vrabel M, and Wiencke L

Abstract

The data presented in this article are related to the research paper entitled " Observation of night-time emissions of the Earth in the near UV range from the International Space Station with the Mini-EUSO detector " (Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 284, January 2023, 113336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113336). The data have been acquired with the Mini-EUSO detector, an UV telescope operating in the range 290-430 nm and located inside the International Space Station. The detector was launched in August 2019, and it has started operations from the nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module in October 2019. The data presented here refer to 32 sessions acquired between 2019-11-19 and 2021-05-06. The instrument consists of a Fresnel-lens optical system and a focal surface composed of 36 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, each with 64 channels, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity. The telescope, with a square field-of-view of 44°, has a spatial resolution on the Earth surface of 6.3 km and saves triggered transient phenomena with a temporal resolution of 2.5 µs and 320 µs. The telescope also operates in continuous acquisition at a 40.96 ms scale. In this article, large-area night-time UV maps obtained processing the 40.96 ms data, taking averages over regions of some specific geographical areas (e.g., Europe, North America) and over the entire globe, are presented. Data are binned into 0.1 °  × 0.1 ° or 0.05 °  × 0.05 ° cells (depending on the scale of the map) over the Earth's surface. Raw data are made available in the form of tables (latitude, longitude, counts) and .kmz files (containing the .png images). These are - to the best of our knowledge - the highest sensitivity data in this wavelength range and can be of use to various disciplines., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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14. A Review of the EUSO-Balloon Pathfinder for the JEM-EUSO Program.

Author

Adams JH Jr, Ahmad S, Allard D, Anzalone A, Bacholle S, Barrillon P, Bayer J, Bertaina M, Bisconti F, Blaksley C, Blin-Bondil S, Bobík P, Cafagna F, Campana D, Capel F, Casolino M, Cassardo C, Catalano C, Cremonini R, Dagoret-Campagne S, Danto P, Del Peral L, de la Taille C, Díaz Damian A, Dupieux M, Ebersoldt A, Ebisuzaki T, Eser J, Evrard J, Fenu F, Ferrarese S, Fornaro C, Fouka M, Gorodetzky P, Guarino F, Guzman A, Hachisu Y, Haungs A, Judd E, Jung A, Karczmarczyk J, Kawasaki Y, Klimov PA, Kuznetsov E, Mackovjak S, Manfrin M, Marcelli L, Medina-Tanco G, Mercier K, Merino A, Mernik T, Miyamoto H, Morales de Los Ríos JA, Moretto C, Mot B, Neronov A, Ohmori H, Olinto AV, Osteria G, Panico B, Parizot E, Paul T, Picozza P, Piotrowski LW, Plebaniak Z, Pliego S, Prat P, Prévôt G, Prieto H, Putis M, Rabanal J, Ricci M, Rojas J, Rodríguez Frías MD, Roudil G, Sáez Cano G, Sahnoun Z, Sakaki N, Sanchez JC, Santangelo A, Sarazin F, Scotti V, Shinozaki K, Silva H, Soriano JF, Suino G, Szabelski J, Toscano S, Tabone I, Takizawa Y, von Ballmoos P, Wiencke L, Wille M, and Zotov M

Abstract

EUSO-Balloon is a pathfinder for JEM-EUSO , the mission concept of a spaceborne observatory which is designed to observe Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR)-induced Extensive Air Showers (EAS) by detecting their UltraViolet (UV) light tracks "from above." On August 25, 2014, EUSO-Balloon was launched from Timmins Stratospheric Balloon Base (Ontario, Canada) by the balloon division of the French Space Agency CNES. After reaching a floating altitude of 38 km, EUSO-Balloon imaged the UV light in the wavelength range ∼290-500 nm for more than 5 hours using the key technologies of JEM-EUSO . The flight allowed a good understanding of the performance of the detector to be developed, giving insights into possible improvements to be applied to future missions. A detailed measurement of the photoelectron counts in different atmospheric and ground conditions was achieved. By means of the simulation of the instrument response and by assuming atmospheric models, the absolute intensity of diffuse light was estimated. The instrument detected hundreds of laser tracks with similar characteristics to EASs shot by a helicopter flying underneath. These are the first recorded laser tracks measured from a fluorescence detector looking down on the atmosphere. The reconstruction of the direction of the laser tracks was performed. In this work, a review of the main results obtained by EUSO-Balloon is presented as well as implications for future space-based observations of UHECRs., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Published
2022
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15. Nonlinear dynamics analysis of a self-organizing recurrent neural network: chaos waning.

Author

Eser J, Zheng P, and Triesch J

Subjects
Computer Simulation, Humans, Algorithms, Neural Networks, Computer, Neurons physiology, Nonlinear Dynamics
Abstract

Self-organization is thought to play an important role in structuring nervous systems. It frequently arises as a consequence of plasticity mechanisms in neural networks: connectivity determines network dynamics which in turn feed back on network structure through various forms of plasticity. Recently, self-organizing recurrent neural network models (SORNs) have been shown to learn non-trivial structure in their inputs and to reproduce the experimentally observed statistics and fluctuations of synaptic connection strengths in cortex and hippocampus. However, the dynamics in these networks and how they change with network evolution are still poorly understood. Here we investigate the degree of chaos in SORNs by studying how the networks' self-organization changes their response to small perturbations. We study the effect of perturbations to the excitatory-to-excitatory weight matrix on connection strengths and on unit activities. We find that the network dynamics, characterized by an estimate of the maximum Lyapunov exponent, becomes less chaotic during its self-organization, developing into a regime where only few perturbations become amplified. We also find that due to the mixing of discrete and (quasi-)continuous variables in SORNs, small perturbations to the synaptic weights may become amplified only after a substantial delay, a phenomenon we propose to call deferred chaos.

Published
2014
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