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The purpose of this study was to determine the intensity threshold needed to elicit increases in plasma aldosterone and cortisol during graded exercise in humans. Seven male volunteers performed a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test on a cycle ergometer. Plasma levels of aldosterone, cortisol, angiotensin II, ACTH, and potassium were measured at rest and at each 50 W workload of the exercise test. The results showed that aldosterone significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) increased from a mean (+/- SE) of 231 +/- 22 pmol/L at rest to 464 +/- 22 pmol/L at exhaustion. Cortisol significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) increased from 284 +/- 38 nmol/L at rest to 311 +/- 39 nmol/L at exhaustion. More importantly, however, was the fact that aldosterone was significantly increased above the resting level at exercise intensities greater than or equal to 60% VO2max. Cortisol, on the other hand, was only significantly increased at exhaustion (i.e. 100% VO2max). These results clearly show that increases in aldosterone precede those of cortisol during graded exercise in humans. Interestingly, potassium (r = 0.79), ACTH (r = 0.55), and angiotensin II (r = 0.54) were all significantly correlated with aldosterone during exercise. Such a finding seems to suggest that all 3 variables may be important stimuli for aldosterone secretion during graded exercise.

Standard wounds of simple incision and partial excision of the dentogingival junction were made in miniature swine. The healing from the 1st to the 14th day were described clinically and histologically, and the standardization of the wounds permitted quantitative and statistical analysis. In wounds that are closely adapted to the tooth, the epithelium of the new dentogingival junction contributes primarily to early wound strength recovery. This functional achievement probably would not occur with thick clots or hematomas, or with any displacement of the gingiva away from the tooth.