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Marketing of peace through tourism has been primarily achieved through the initiatives and conferences/summits of the International Institute for Peace Through Tourism (IIPT). IIPT was born with a vision of travel and tourism becoming the world's first global peace industry and the belief that “Every traveler is potentially an ambassador for peace.” This chapter traces the early seeding of the peace through tourism concept; the organization, marketing, and transformative outcomes of the First IIPT Global Conference: Tourism – A Vital Force for Peace, Vancouver 1988; legacies and achievements of additional conferences/summits and projects through to its current initiatives commemorating the 30th anniversary since the Vancouver conference that include a 30th Anniversary Global Summit, Global Peace Parks Project and Travel for Peace Campaign.

Agitation is a heterogeneous concept without a uniformly accepted definition, however, it is generally considered as a state of cognitive and motor hyperactivity characterized by excessive or inappropriate motor or verbal activity with marked emotional arousal. Not only the definition but also other aspects of agitated patients' care are still unsolved and need consensus and improvement. To help the discussion about agitation among experts and improve the identification, management, and treatment of agitation, the 1st International Experts' Meeting on Agitation was held in October 2016 in Madrid. It was attended by 20 experts from Europe and Latin America with broad experience in the clinical management of agitated patients. The present document summarizes the key conclusions of this meeting and highlights the need for an updated protocol of agitation management and treatment, the promotion of education and training among healthcare professionals to improve the care of these patients and the necessity to generate clinical data of agitated episodes. © 2018 Martínez-Raga, Amore, Di Sciascio, Florea, Garriga, Gonzalez, Kahl, Karlsson, Kuhn, Margariti, Pacciardi, Papageorgiou, Pompili, Rivollier, Royuela, Safont, Scharfetter, Skagen, Tajima-Pozo and Vidailhet.

Humankind is currently witnessing, and shaping, the most significant and rapid paradigm shift in human history – a paradigm shift of major demographic, economic, ecological, and geo-political dimensions. For the first time in human history – we are faced not with just one crisis – but a confluence of several crises; crises that are not related to a single tribe or community – a single nation – or a single region of the world – but are each global in scale. To meet the challenges of these global crises will require an equally historic paradigm shift; a paradigm shift with a strong environmental ethic that restores ecological balance and integrity to our failing ecosystems, and that addresses the critical issue of climate change; a paradigm shift toward an economic system that brings about an end to poverty – and a paradigm that brings an end to war as a means to solving conflict, as it is only through a global family in harmony and peace with itself, that we can solve the unprecedented global issues facing our one common home, planet earth – and our one common future as a global family. The travel and tourism industry has, and will continue to play a vital and leading role toward this paradigm shift, and as the world’s largest industry involving virtually every nation in the world – will be the central pillar of a Peace through Commerce movement. The dramatic growth of tourism in the past 60 years is one of the most remarkable economic and social phenomena of our time. The industry has grown from a total of 25 million international arrivals in 1950 to a projected 1 billion international arrivals in 2010, and a further projection to 1.6 billion by 2020. Beginning with the emergence of “Ecotourism” in the late 1980’s, there are an increasing number of tourism market segments which fall within a broad category that can be called “Peace Tourism,” and classified within a framework that includes peace within ourselves, peace with others, peace with nature, peace with past generations, peace with future generations, and peace with our Creator. Since its birth in 1986, the International Institute for Peace through Tourism (IIPT) has been promoting these values of tourism together with its vision of Travel and Tourism as the world’s first “Global Peace Industry” – an industry that promotes and supports the belief that every traveler is potentially an “Ambassador for Peace.” This “higher purpose of tourism” includes the key role of tourism in promoting international understanding and collaboration among nations; environmental protection and preservation of biodiversity; enhancing cultures and valuing heritage; contributing to sustainable development and poverty reduction; and healing wounds of conflict.

The inability to determine metal species in soils hampers efforts to understand the mobility, bioavailability, and fate of contaminant metals in environmental systems, to assess health risks posed by them, and to develop methods to remediate metal contaminated sites. Fortunately, great strides have been made in the development of methods of species characterization and in their application to the analysis of particulates and mixtures of solid phases in physics, analytical chemistry, and materials science. This manuscript highlights a selection of the analytical methods available today offering the greatest promise, briefly describes the fundamental processes involved, examines their limitations, points to how they have been used in the environmental and geochemical literature, and offers some suggested research directions in the hope of stimulating further investigation into the application of these powerful tools to the problems outlined above.

This article describes automated tools for increasing organizational awareness within a global enterprise. The MITRE Corporation is the context for this work; however, the tools and techniques are general and should apply to a wide variety of distributed, heterogeneous organizations. These tools provide awareness of team members and materials in virtual collaboration environments as well as support for automated discovery of distributed experts. The results are embodied in 3 systems: MITRE's Collaborative Virtual Workspace (CVW), Expert Finder, and XpertNet. CVW is a place-based collaboration environment that enables team members to find one another and work together. Expert Finder is an expert skill finder that exploits the intellectual products created within an organization to support automated expertise identification. XpertNet addresses the problem of detecting extant or emerging classes of expertise without a priori knowledge of their existence. Both Expert Finder and XpertNet combine to detect and ...

The authors present two patients with acute arterial vasospasm of the lower extremities causing marked ischemia. One patient had a history of Raynaud's disease, the second had been taking Cafergot for migraine headaches. Both patients's were given a test dose of intra-arterial tolazoline (50 mg). The patient with Raynaud's disease demonstrated marked improvement diffusely and was successfully treated with overnight infusion of papaverine. The second patient, taking Cafergot, demonstrated no angiographic response to tolazoline. It was speculated that the arteries of this patient were thrombosed. The patient was successfully treated with urokinase and remained free of pain at the 15- month follow-up.

The MITRE Information Discovery System (MIDS) is a baseline system for integrating advanced processing tools for information discovery and retrieval in large-scale distributed environments. The system is built on a modular, extendible architecture that allows for system-level decoupling and allocation of component processing tools across network nodes to provide for efficient processing in distributed environments. At one level, the system provides for multi-platform user access to HTTP, Gopher, FTP, and news servers using an HTML based client interface. However, more significantly, the system provides advanced tools for metadata generation from disparate network objects, and a content routing mediation layer for classification of metadata into appropriate information brokers. This bottom-up layered information organization approach supports a wide range of information retrieval and browsing strategies.

Evidence is presented for two J P =2 − strange mesons; one at ∼ 1.77 GeV/ c 2 and the other at ∼ 1.82 GeV/ c 2 . These states have been observed in a partial wave analysis of the Kω system in the reaction K − p → K − π + π − π 0 p where the strange mesons decay into K − ω and the ω then decays to π + π − π 0 . The data set contains ∼ 10 5 Kωp events at 11 GeV/ c taken by the LASS spectrometer at SLAC.

As environmental problems continue to cause worldwide concern — and as tourism is seen as contributing to this — the industry in Canada has taken an initiative to minimize tourism's impact by developing and implementing a code of ethics and guidelines for sustainable tourism. This article describes the genesis of the code and guidelines and discusses the benefits they are expected to bring.

Preliminary results are presented from an analysis of the π+π− system produced in the reaction K−p → π+π−Λ at 11 GeV/c observed with the LASS spectrometer at SLAC. A clear ϱ - ω interference effect is observed, and a fit to the natural parity exchange mass distribution yields a branching fraction estimate of (1.7 ± 0.5) % for the decay ω → π+π−. An amplitude analysis reveals that the bump in the mass distribution in the vicinity of the ƒ2(1270) actually contains a significant P-wave component. The mass dependence of the corresponding amplitude and phase is well described by a resonant Breit-Wigner line-shape with mass (1266 ± 14) MeV/c2, width (166 ± 35) MeV/c2, and estimated elasticity ∼ 5%. The interpretation of this state as the first radial excitation of the ϱ(770) is discussed.

Results from recent studies of strangeonium mesons produced in the LASS spectrometer by an 11 GeV/c K−beam are presented. Data from new analysses of K ∗ K ∗ , φφ, and νππ final states are described. Comparisons are made with results from other hadroproduction, radiative J/ψ decay, and γγ experiments.

(1998). Spirituality in Tourism—A Millennium Challenge for the: Travel and Tourism Industry. Tourism Recreation Research: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 87-89.

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of a thyroid nodule was performed in 797 patients. Ninety-six patients had resection of the thyroid nodule performed subsequent to a one-time FNA biopsy. The surgical pathology of these 96 cases demonstrated a 5.8% false-negative rate and a 9.9% false-positive rate. As a consequence, we prospectively evaluated the routine practice of repeat FNA of cytologically benign thyroid nodules. Repeat FNA confirmed the original benign cytology in 183 (93%) of 196 patients. Seventeen of these 183 patients with benign FNA on both biopsies had resection of the nodule performed because of the development of suspicious clinical signs or in response to the patient's choice; 1 recurrent cyst was found to be carcinomatous. Of the 13 patients demonstrating a change in cytology on repeat FNA biopsy, 9 had a nodule that was classified as possibly malignant (suspicious); 6 of these patients underwent resection, and 1 patient was found to have a carcinomatous nodule. Four patients had nodules that were classified as probably malignant on repeat FNA biopsy; all of their nodules were resected, and three of them were found to be carcinomatous. This study demonstrates that, although one-time FNA biopsy of thyroid nodules is highly accurate, with a relatively low false-negative rate, repeat fine-needle biopsy improves on this diagnostic accuracy, thereby decreasing the risk of misdiagnosing a thyroid nodule that is malignant.

Ecotourism — socially responsible, environmentally protective tourism — is a growing field of increasing interest. This article describes efforts at the global level, and particularly in Canada, to develop guidelines and codes of ethics to shape ecotourism in response to the 1987 report from the U.N. Commission on the Environment and Develop ment (The Brundtland Commission).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of fas antigen, a member of the TNF receptor family, in cell death after focal cerebral ischemia. Focal ischemia was induced in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Evidence for apoptosis was determined by morphology as well as the presence of DNA fragmentation by the end labeling technique (TUNEL). Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect expression of both fas and fas ligand (fasL). In a separate set of experiments, two groups of mice were studied: lpr (that have a loss of function mutation for fas) and wild type. Infarct volume was measured at 24 hr as well as evidence for apoptosis. Twenty-four hours after ischemia, there was evidence for apoptosis based on morphological criteria as well as the TUNEL technique in the rat. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased expression of both fas and fasL in the ischemic region, with maximal staining occurring between 24-48 hr for both. Twenty-four hours after ischemia in the mice, there was evidence of apoptosis in both groups, however, the mutant mice (lpr) had significantly smaller infarcts as compared to the wild type. There was no difference in the cerebrovasculature of the two groups of mice. These data support the hypothesis that apoptosis plays a role in the pathophysiology of focal cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, these data suggest that fas-mediated apoptosis contributes to this process.

Northrop Grumman reports on a program utilizing autodyne detection for correlating speckle patterns in a quantum limited detection regime. Experiments performed verify this approach for sensing changes within a fluid medium. Light backscattered from particles located at random positions within a fluid medium interferes to produce speckle patterns; the motion from these particles is manifested as a time variation in the speckle patterns.

Evidence is presented for two JP=2− strange mesons; one at ∼1.77 and the other at ∼1.82 GeV/mathc2. These states have been observed in a partial wave analysis of the K−ω system in the reaction K−p→K−π+π−π0p where the strange mesons decay into K−ω and the ω then decays to π+π−π0. The data set contains ∼105 K−ωp events at 11 GeV/c taken with the LASS spectrometer at SLAC.

This paper summarizes the main data processing and analysis procedures employed by the LASS collaboration in the course of a Kp experiment involving 138 million triggers at an incident momentum of 11 GeV/c. The role of multi-vertex kinematic fitting at the coordinate level is described, and the importance of the ~ 4π acceptance for both large and small statistics exclusive channels is discussed. The evolution in understanding of the amplitude structure of mesonic states which has resulted from the acquisition and analysis of large data samples is illustrated using the Kπ S-wave and partial wave decomposition of the low-mass Kππ system. Implications for future studies of s\(\overline{s}\) spectroscopy at the KAON factory, and for amplitude analyses of meson systems produced in J/ψ decay at a Tau-Charm factory are considered.

Results from partial-wave analyses by the E135 Collaboration of the K− ω and the hypercharge exchange produced π+π- systems were presented. The data described were taken from a 4.1 event/nb exposure of the LASS spectrometer at SLAC to an 11 GeV/c K− beam.

A brief summary is presented of results pertinent to ss spectroscopy derived from high statistics data on K−p interactions obtained with the LASS spectrometer at SLAC.

High statistics data from the reactions K−p→K−K+Λ and K−p→Ks0K±π∓Λ at 11 GeV/c have been obtained in the LASS spectrometer at SLAC. Spherical harmonic moment and amplitude analyses of the K−K+ system confirm the existence of the φJ(1850) and demonstrate that its quantum numbers are IG(JPC)=0−(3−−). Evidence for a K∗ K (+c.c.) decay mode is also presented.

The K−η effective mass spectrum in the reaction K−p→K−π+π−π0p at 11 GeV/c has a prominent peak at ≈1.75 GeV/c2, which is shown to be due to the K3∗(1780) by a spherical harmonic moments analysis and amplitude decomposition; there is no significant signal for K2∗(1430). The measured branching fractions for the leading L=1 and L=2 K∗,s, [BF(K2∗ (1430)→Kη) BF ( K 3 ∗ (1780)→ Kη )=9.4±3.4%] confirm the SU(3) prediction that the Kη channel couples preferentially to odd spin K*,s.

Results from a high statistics study of the reaction K−p→K−π+n are presented. These results are based on data obtained with an 11 GeV/c beam using the LASS spectrometer at SLAC. The mass dependence of the spherical harmonic moments provides clear evidence for the production of the complete leading orbitally excited K∗ series up through JP = 5−. These moments are used to perform an energy independent partial wave analysis of the K−π+ system from threshold to 2.6 GeV/c2 using a t-dependent parametrization of the production amplitudes. The amplitudes corroborate the leading K∗(892), K2∗(1430), K3∗(1780), K4∗(2060), and K5∗(2380) resonances observed directly in the moments, and also provide new evidence for underlying states. The 0+ amplitude contains the K0∗(1350) and a second 0+K∗(1950) at higher mass. The 1−K∗(1790) seen earlier two and three-body analyses is confirmed, and evidence is provided for suppressed K−π+ decay mode of a second 1− state, the K∗(1410), which has been seen in earlier three-body analyses.

Data from the reaction K − p→K − K + Λ at 11 GeV/ c have been obtained in the LASS spectrometer at SLAC. A spherical harmonic moments analysis of the K − K + system provides evidence for a rather narrow J PC =4 ++ state at ∼2.2 GeV/ c 2 . Relevant data from the reaction K − p →K 0 s K 0 s Λ in the present experiment are shown also, and comparisons made to results from MARK III and GAMS in this mass region.

Clear evidence is presented for an Ω ∗− resonance of mass 2474±12 MeV c 2 and width 72±33 MeV c 2 in K−p interactions at 11 GeV c . The state is observed in the Ω−π+π− decay mode, and the corresponding inclusive cross section, corrected for Ω − π 0 π 0 decay, is estimated to be 290±90 nb.