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1. Subcutaneous Granuloma Caused by Phialophora richardiae:: Case Report and Review of the Literature Phialophora richardsiae-bedingtes, subkutanes Granulom: Fallbeschreibung und Literaturübersicht

Author: G.S. de Hoog, A. Bonnefoy, J. C. Petit, J. Luboinski, and Eveline Guého
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Dermatology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Phaeohyphomycosis, Infectious Diseases, Granuloma, Phialophora, medicine, Phaehyphomycosis, Phialophora richardsiae, business, Mycosis
Abstract: Summary: A phaeomycotic cyst in a 47-year-old man, caused by Phialophora richardsiae, was treated successfully by excision. A critical review of the literature indicates that the pathological course of P. richardsiae infections usually follows a similar pattern to that of the present case, viz. generation of a well-defined and limited nodule following traumatic subcutaneous introduction of the fungus. The nodule typically accumulates a viscous yellow fluid. The infection remains localized, often being encapsulated by a fibrous layer; adenopathy is not observed. Concomitant bacterial infections are also common; in the present case Pseudomonas stutzeri was identified. Neither bacterial nor fungal infection recurred after surgery. Zusammenfassung: Eine Phaeohyphomykose verursacht durch Phialophora richardshe bei einem 47-jahrigen Mann, wurde durch chirurgische Entfernung der Zyste erfolgreich behandelt. Die Durchsicht der Literatur zeigt, das der Verlauf einer P. richardsiae-Infektion, ahnlich wie bei unserem Fall, einem bestimmten Muster folgt: Regelmasig bildet sich nach der traumatischen, subkutanen Infektion ein umschriebener Knoten. Die Zyste enthalt eine viskose, gelbliche Flussigkeit und wird oft durch eine Fibrinschicht eingekapselt. Eine Adenopathie wird nicht beobachtet. Eine gleichzeitige bakterielle Infektion ist haufig; im vorliegenden Fall handelt es sich um Pseudomonas stutzeri Keine der beiden Infektionen trat nach der Entfernung der Zyste erneut auf.
Published: 2009
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2. « Clostridium difficile » et pathologie digestive

Author: J C Petit, L Beaugerie, and F Barbut
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, business
Published: 2008
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3. Cathéters à chambre implantable : épidémiologie des complications et étude microbiologique des dispositifs après ablation

Author: Valérie Lalande, J-C Petit, M.L. Garcia, Denis Neyme, S Soukouna, Frédéric Barbut, and A. de Gramont
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Neoplasms therapy, General Medicine, business, Venous access
Abstract: Resume Les catheters a chambre implantable (CCI) permettent l’administration repetee de traitements de longue duree tels les chimiotherapies, l’alimentation parenterale ou les antiviraux. Comme tous les catheters, les CCI representent une source potentielle de complications mecaniques et/ou infectieuses. Objectifs. – Determiner la frequence des complications des CCI et etudier la contamination des differentes parties du dispositif apres ablation (interieur de la chambre, septum, extremite distale du catheter). Materiels et methodes. – Les dossiers cliniques des patients dont le CCI a ete retire entre le 20 avril 2003 et le 31 decembre 2003 ont ete etudies. Les complications infectieuses (infection locale ou bacteriemie liee au CCI) et non infectieuses (obstruction, thrombose, extravasation…) ont ete etablies a partir de criteres cliniques et/ou microbiologiques. Pour chaque CCI retire, une numeration des bacteries presentes a l’interieur de la chambre, a l’extremite du catheter et au niveau du septum a ete realisee. Resultats. – Cent dix patients (âge = 57 ± 14 ans, 94,3 % de cancers) ont ete inclus (soit 57 018 jours de catheterisme) : 39,1 % des patients ont presente au moins une complication non infectieuse (densite d’incidence = 0,86 pour mille jours de catheterisme). Parmi les 49 complications, les obstructions, les thromboses, les extravasations et les malpositions representaient respectivement 30,6 % 30,6 % 4,1 % et 6 %. Vingt et un patients (19,1 %) ont eu au moins une complication infectieuse : 11 etaient locales et 14 septicemiques (densite d’incidence = 0,43 pour 1000 jours de catheterisme). Les germes responsables d’infections septicemiques etaient des staphylocoques a coagulase negative (n = 2), des Staphylococcus aureus sensibles a la meticilline (n = 3), des microcoques (n= 1), des corynebacteries (n = 1) ou des bacilles a Gram negatif (n = 8). L’analyse des differentes parties du CCI a montre que la culture (avec un seuil fixe a 103 UFC/ml) de l’extremite du catheter, du septum et de l’interieur de la chambre avait respectivement une sensibilite de 47,6 % 57,1 % et 61,9 % et une specificite de 100 % 92,1 % et 92,1 % pour le diagnostic d’infection liee au CCI. Conclusion. – les complications des CCI sont frequentes et leur incidence est conforme aux donnees de la litterature. L’analyse de l’interieur de la chambre apres ablation represente la methode la plus sensible pour confirmer le diagnostic d’infection.
Published: 2004
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4. CdeA of Clostridium difficile, a New Multidrug Efflux Transporter of the MATE Family

Author: L. Dridi, J. Tankovic, and J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Pharmacology, Immunology, Microbiology
Published: 2004
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5. CdeA of Clostridium difficile, a New Multidrug Efflux Transporter of the MATE Family

Author: Jacques Tankovic, L. Dridi, and J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Clostridium perfringens, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, medicine, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Norfloxacin, Pharmacology, Clostridioides difficile, Chloramphenicol, Membrane Transport Proteins, Biological Transport, Clostridium difficile, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Ciprofloxacin, chemistry, Efflux, Ethidium bromide, Plasmids, medicine.drug
Abstract: The cdeA gene, cloned from Clostridium difficile clinical strain 714 under the control of its natural promoter made Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens resistant to ethidium bromide and acriflavin but had no effect on the susceptibility of the hosts to the following antibiotics: norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracyclin, and chloramphenicol. However, it was responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli when it was cloned under the control of the Plac promoter. Quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR showed that growth of C. difficile clinical strain 253 in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ethidium bromide significantly increased the transcription of cdeA, but this was not observed with ciprofloxacin. The deduced protein was homologous to the protein sequences of known efflux pumps from the third cluster (the so-called DinF branch) of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family. CdeA caused ethidium bromide energy-dependent efflux in whole cells of E. coli. Efflux activity was stimulated by addition of Na+ ions, suggesting that CdeA, like other pumps of the MATE family, is a Na+-coupled efflux pump. CdeA is the first multidrug efflux transporter identified in C. difficile.
Published: 2004
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6. Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile> in the community

Author: A. Flahault, M. Cadilhac, V. Lalande, P. Cousin, F Barbut, J C Petit, P. Atlan, and Laurent Beaugerie
Subjects: Enterocolitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Antibiotics, Gastroenterology, Clostridium difficile, medicine.disease, Surgery, Diarrhea, Internal medicine, Antimicrobial chemotherapy, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Colitis, medicine.symptom, Complication, business, Antibacterial agent
Abstract: Summary Background : Clostridium difficile is the main cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhoea and the causative agent of antibiotic-associated colitis. The involvement of C. difficile infection in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in the community is poorly documented. Methods : We studied prospectively 266 adult out-patients in the Paris (France) area who were prescribed a 5–10-day course of antimicrobial chemotherapy. Stools were screened for C. difficile before and 14 days after the start of treatment by standard culture, toxigenic culture and testing for the cytopathic effect of toxin B. Patients were requested to note daily stool frequency and consistency. Diarrhoea was defined as the passage of at least three loose stools per day. Results : Forty-six (17.5%) of the 262 assessable patients had diarrhoea during the study period. Diarrhoea was mild and self-limited in all patients, and lasted for only 1 day in 65.6% of cases. C. difficile was isolated before and after treatment from one patient, who did not develop diarrhoea. C. difficile was detected only on day 14 in 10 patients (3.8%). The isolate was toxin producing in seven patients. Four of these seven patients had mild self-limited diarrhoea. Toxin-producing C. difficile was isolated significantly more frequently from patients who had diarrhoea than from those who were diarrhoea free (8.7% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.02). Conclusion : The acquisition of toxin-producing C. difficile appears to be frequent during antimicrobial chemotherapy in the community [estimated rate of 2700 (1150–5400) cases per 100 000 exposures to antibiotics]. However, C. difficile is not the main agent of mild antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in out-patients.
Published: 2003
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7. Specific interaction of cesium with the surface of calcium silicate hydrates

Author: Cécile Richet, André Nonat, Catherine Landesman, J. C. Petit, and Hélène Viallis-Terrisse
Subjects: Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Alcohol, Sorption, complex mixtures, Chloride, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Lower affinity, Magazine, law, Caesium, Calcium silicate, medicine, Surface charge, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, medicine.drug
Abstract: Summary The sorption of cesium at the calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) surface was investigated, both through sorption isotherm data and by solid-state NMR experiments. The sorption ability of CSH towards cesium is favored for low solid Ca/Si molar ratios, in agreement with the negative surface charge they develop then. A significant proportion of these sorbed cesium cations remains tightly bound to the surface sites forming, in dehydrated CSH, inner-sphere complexes, which can not be removed by alcohol washing. Chloride seems to present a lower affinity for CSH, even for high Ca/Si molar ratios, where the surface charge becomes positive.
Published: 2002
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8. Zeta-Potential Study of Calcium Silicate Hydrates Interacting with Alkaline Cations

Author: André Nonat, Hélène Viallis-Terrisse, and J. C. Petit
Subjects: Aqueous solution, Sodium, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Electrokinetic phenomena, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, chemistry, Calcium silicate, Zeta potential, Lithium, Hydrate
Abstract: An investigation into the interaction between alkaline cations and calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) was conducted by electrokinetic measurements, which provided information on the nature of the interface between the solid and its equilibrium solution. Calcium constitutes for the CSH surface a potential-determining cation. A model of the CSH surface could be proposed, accounting for the experimental evolution of the CSH zeta potential. The necessity of studying the zeta-potential evolution of the system as a function of the calcium activity, instead of its concentration, was underlined. The results obtained suggest a specific interaction between cesium and the CSH surface, whereas sodium and lithium may behave as indifferent cations toward the interface.
Published: 2001
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9. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated infections

Author: Frédéric Barbut and J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Disease reservoir, colitis, diarrhea, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, nosocomial infections, Humans, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous, Disease Reservoirs, Antibacterial agent, Enterocolitis, Cross Infection, Clostridioides difficile, business.industry, General Medicine, Pseudomembranous colitis, Clostridium difficile, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Surgery, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Chemoprophylaxis, epidemiology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Clostridium difficile is responsible for 15–25% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and for virtually all cases of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). This anaerobic bacterium has been identified as the leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea in adults and can be responsible for large outbreaks. Nosocomial C. difficile infection results in an increased length of stay in hospital ranging from 8 to 21 days. Risk factors for C. difficile-associated diarrhea include antimicrobial therapy, older age (>65 years), antineoplastic chemotherapy and length of hospital stay. Other interventions with high risk associations are enemas, nasogastric tubes, gastrointestinal surgery and antiperistaltic drugs. Prospective studies have shown that nosocomial transmission of C. difficile is frequent but often remains asymptomatic. Patients can be contaminated from environnemental surfaces, shared instrumentation, hospital personnel hands and infected roommates. Once an outbreak starts, C. difficile may be spread rapidly throughout the hospital environment where spores may persist for months. Measures that are effective in reducing incidence of C. difficile infections and cross-infection include: (i) an accurate and rapid diagnosis, (ii) appropriate treatment, (iii) implementation of enteric precautions for symptomatic patients, (iv) reinforcement of hand-washing, (v) daily environmental disinfection, and (vi) a restrictive antibiotic policy. C. difficile is a common cause of infectious diarrhea and should be therefore systematically investigated in patients with nosocomial diarrhea.
Published: 2001
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10. 17O 3Q-MAS NMR characterization of a sodium aluminoborosilicate glass and its alteration gel

Author: J.-C Petit, Stéphane Gin, Thibault Charpentier, and Frédéric Angeli
Subjects: Aluminium oxides, Oxygen-17, Aqueous solution, Magic angle, Chemistry, Borosilicate glass, Sodium, Inorganic chemistry, Oxide, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aluminosilicate, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: A quantitative approach was applied to the 3Q-MAS spectra of 17 O to characterize a four-oxide glass composition and the alteration film that formed on its surface during aqueous alteration. The intensity of the oxide sites was corrected according to the quadrupolar interaction based on the efficiency of the coherence transfers induced by a 3Q-MAS sequence The restructuring of a boron-depleted aluminosilicate gel was clearly visible during alteration by H 2 17 O .
Published: 2001
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11. Domain Shapes and Superlattices Made of 8 nm Cobalt Nanocrystals: Fabrication and Magnetic Properties

Author: J. Legrand, Marie-Paule Pileni, and and J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Materials science, Fabrication, business.industry, Superlattice, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Substrate (electronics), Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry, Nanocrystal, Materials Chemistry, Optoelectronics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, Cobalt
Abstract: Three-dimensional superlattices forming films oriented along the substrate and dots deposited on a film made of 8 nm cobalt nanocrystals have been fabricated. The magnetic properties of such artifi...
Published: 2001
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12. Aluminum Incorporation in Calcium Silicate Hydrates (C−S−H) Depending on Their Ca/Si Ratio

Author: J. M. Marchand, H. Zanni, J. C. Petit, P. Faucon, A. Delagrave, and C. Richet
Subjects: Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Magnetic field, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Aluminium, Calcium silicate, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Materials Chemistry, Magic angle spinning, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy
Abstract: 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al MAS NMR) spectroscopy at different magnetic fields was used to characterize the aluminum incorporation in the tetrahedral−octahedral−tetra...
Published: 1999
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13. Interaction between Salts (NaCl, CsCl) and Calcium Silicate Hydrates (C−S−H)

Author: André Nonat, and J.-C. Petit, H. Viallis, and P. Faucon
Subjects: Sodium, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, High resolution, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Chloride, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Caesium, Calcium silicate, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, medicine.drug
Abstract: High resolution 29Si, 23Na, and 133Cs solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used to study the interaction of sodium and cesium chloride salts with calcium silicate hydrates (C−S−H), the main components ...
Published: 1999
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14. Characterization of Calcium Aluminate Hydrates and Related Hydrates of Cement Pastes by 27Al MQ-MAS NMR

Author: J. C. Petit, André Nonat, D. Bertrandie, Joseph Virlet, Thibault Charpentier, and P. Faucon
Subjects: Cement, Silicon, Aluminate, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, Silicate, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, NMR spectra database, chemistry.chemical_compound, Portland cement, chemistry, Octahedron, law, Calcium silicate, Physical chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: 27Al multi quantum (MQ) MAS NMR spectroscopy was used for the first time to characterize calcium aluminate hydrates, which are of importance in the chemistry of high alumina and Portland cements. Substitution sites of silicon by aluminum in the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) which are the main component of Portland cement paste were studied too. Synthetic samples of Ca(3)Al(OH)(12), [CaAl(OH)(4)][OH(H(2)O)(1.5)], [Ca(2)Al(OH)(6)](OH).3H(2)O, [Ca(2)Al(OH)(6)](2)(CO(3)).5H(2)O, [Mg(2)Al(OH)(6)](CO(3))(0.5).3H(2)O, Al(OH)(3), and C-S-H substituted by aluminum were prepared. In most of the samples, the two dimension 3Q-MAS NMR spectra allow one, more easily than the MAS-only NMR spectra, to obtain the chemical shift, delta(iso), and the quadrupolar parameters nu(Q) and eta, which label each site and bring information on its symmetry and environment. The distributions of the aluminum environments were observed for each site. In [Ca(2)Al(OH)](6)(OH).3H(2)O, (27)Al MAS spectrum demonstrates the presence of two octahedral aluminum sites. In the C-S-H substituted with Al, tetrahedral aluminum is observed, in bridging and nonbridging sites of the silicate chains, mostly in the bridging sites for the sample investigated.
Published: 1998
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15. Long-term behaviour of cement pastes used for nuclear waste disposal: review of physico-chemical mechanisms of water degradation

Author: J.F. Jacquinot, Richard Cabrillac, F. Adenot, M Jorda, P. Faucon, and J. C. Petit
Subjects: Cement, Waste management, Chemistry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Radioactive waste, Mechanism analysis, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, Cement paste, 6. Clean water, 12. Responsible consumption, 021105 building & construction, Degradation (geology), General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: A review of the main physico-chemical processes involved in water degradation of cement paste that are potentially important for a radioactive waste disposal is given in this paper. Their effects at the various relevant time scales are evaluated.
Published: 1998
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16. Retention Capacity of the Calcium Silicates Hydrates (CSH) for Caesium

Author: C. Richet, F. Adenot, J.F. Jacquinot, J. C. Petit, C. Lefebvre, and P. Faucon
Subjects: Cement, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Caesium, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Materials Science, Retention capacity, Calcium silicate hydrate, Calcium, Nuclear chemistry
Published: 1997
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17. Cost-effectiveness of screening blood donors for hepatitis C and non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis

Author: C. Colin, P. Vergnon, A. M. Jullien, S. Excoffier, Y. Matillon, C. Trepo, J. P. Aymard, D. Bastit, M. L. Bidet, R. Breviere, F. Chenais, F. Hau, D. Houssay, A. Mercadier, P. Maisonneuve, M. Lambert, C. Waller, D. Boudart, C. Cotte, M. H. Elghouzzi, C. Janot, M. Daudet, M. Menault, M. Montcharmont, W. Smilovici, C. Fretz, R. Follana, M. Doillon, J. C. Petit, P. Herve, B. Loyer, and B. Mattlinger
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Hepatitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, biology, Cost effectiveness, business.industry, Hepatitis C virus, Hepacivirus, medicine.medical_treatment, General Medicine, Hepatitis C, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, Flaviviridae, Infectious Diseases, Internal medicine, Immunology, medicine, business, Mass screening
Abstract: The current approach to screening for hepatitis C and non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis in French blood transfusion centers involves a combination of a transaminase assay and tests for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). A decision-analysis model was used to assess the cost-effectiveness ratio of this approach compared to the former approach, which included only transaminase and anti-HBc screening. Cost data were collected by a questionnaire sent to 26 centers throughout France. The average costs of diagnostic kits, equipment, staff, and administration were calculated. Estimates of prevalence and sensitivity values came from the medical literature. The cost-effectiveness ratio was expressed in French francs per infected donor detected. A sensitivity analysis of the variables in the model was performed to estimate the validity of the cost-effectiveness ratio. For 100,000 donations the incremental cost of the current approach reached FrF 2,566,111 (about US $ 500,000), with a marginal effectiveness of 180 donations detected. The sensitivity analysis showed the effect of prevalence on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Transfusion centers may change their screening approach in areas of high or low prevalence of hepatitis C in France.
Published: 1997
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18. Quantitation of passively acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in AIDS patients transfused with a plasma that is rich in HIV antibodies

Author: J.-J. Lefrère, Françoise Audat, B. Burghoffer, F. Heshmati, Joelle Lerable, D. Reed, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, J. C. Petit, Laurence Morand-Joubert, and D. Vittecoq
Subjects: Immunology, HIV Core Protein p24, HIV Antibodies, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Virus, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Blood plasma, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Sida, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, biology, business.industry, Antibody titer, virus diseases, Hematology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Titer, biology.protein, Viral disease, Antibody, business
Abstract: Background : Passive immunotherapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is based on transfusions of plasma that is rich in HIV antibodies. Study Design and Methods : To verify whether the clearance of transfused antibodies will maintain an elevated titer of specific antibodies between biweekly transfusions of plasma, the titers of anti-HIV-1 in plasma and in transfusion recipients were measured. Samples from 12 recipients were analyzed by automated scanning of Western blot, before transfusion and at Days 2, 7, and 14 after transfusion. Results : The p24 antibody became detectable or higher than the baseline after transfusion and remained detectable until the second transfusion. Anti-p24 titers were variable and dependent on the antibody titer of the transfused plasma and the baseline p24 antigen titer. Conclusion : Biweekly transfusion of plasma with a high anti-HIV titer maintains a high anti-p24 titer between transfusions in AIDS patients treated with passive immunotherapy.
Published: 1996
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19. The use of X-ray diffraction in support of calorimetry for the characterization of some nitric acid hydrates possibly involved in the polar stratospheric clouds formation

Author: J. C. Petit, Yvette Haget, Philippe Négrier, K. Ji, Physics Department and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University [Boston], Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de physique moléculaire optique et hertzienne (CPMOH), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1
Subjects: Diffraction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Mineralogy, Calorimetry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), chemistry.chemical_compound, Geophysics, chemistry, Nitric acid, X-ray crystallography, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Polar, Physical chemistry, Hydrate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Stoichiometry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The use of a Guinier-Simon device has enabled us, firstly, to obtain the XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) lines of three stoichiometric hydrates namely NAT, NAD and NAM (Nitric Acid Trihydrate, Nitric Acid Dihydrate, Nitric Acid Monohydrate) secondly, to detect the presence of these hydrates in mixtures and also to determine their formation temperature. The latter information is essential to understand the mechanism of formation of PSCs (Polar Stratospheric Clouds).
Published: 1996
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20. Interaction of Pseudocolloids with Mineral Surfaces: The Fate of the Scavenged Cation

Author: G. Deila Mea, V. Rigato, Jean-Claude Dran, J. C. Petit, and Valérie Moulin
Subjects: Mineral, Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Published: 1994
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21. Geochemical evolution of basaltic rocks subjected to weathering: Fate of the major elements, rare earth elements, and thorium

Author: C. Hemond, J.L. Crovisier, Valérie Daux, J. C. Petit, Centre de géochimie de la surface (CGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique (CEA) (LDG), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Basalt, Strontium, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Precipitation (chemistry), Geochemistry, Thorium, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, Weathering, Fractionation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Permeability (earth sciences), chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Clay minerals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Eleven Icelandic hyaloclastites altered in freshwater have been studied. The weathering of basaltic glass, which is their primary constituent, leads to precipitation of clayey and possibly zeolitic phases. The dissolution reaction progress (mass of dissolved glass per liter of solution) governs the chemistry of the secondary phases, which control the residence time of the solution through their influence on rock permeability. They contribute to the regulation of reaction advancement. The reaction progress, ξ, can be calculated according to: ξ = [Srw·(Iw−Isp)·(IG + 9.375)][SrG·(ISP−IG)·(IW + 9.375)], where Iw, IG and ISP are the isotopic strontium ratios of initial water, of pristine glass, and secondary products, respectively, and SrW and SrG the strontium contents of initial water and glass. The amount of dissolved glass per liter of solution is estimated to be in the order of 0.01–0.1 g for samples 90000–100000 years old. A global agreement is found between this result and estimations that can be made on the basis of thermodynamic modelling. Expressing the geochemical budget as a function of the reaction progress allows a look at the evolving aspect of the rock/water interaction: 1. (1) According to the budget calculated for the major elements, the rock undergoes a global loss of matter which decreases with increasing reaction progress (from −45 to about 0% losses). For the most evolved samples, the transformation of the pristine basaltic glass to the alteration products is a nearly conservative process. 2. (2) There is increasing evidence that rare earth elements, particularly LREEs, can be mobilized during alteration processes. Our study corroborates this view as we demonstrate that REEs can be significantly mobilized during basaltic glass weathering. Nevertheless, no fractionation among the suite of REEs was observed. We show that Th and REE behaviours are similar. Mass balance calculations account for Th and REE losses up to 40%. These losses are not related to the reaction progress but could be due to a colloidal or particulate transport. The REE contents of the secondary clayey phases is showed to be linked to their degree of crystallinity. The need to take into account the latter parameter to modelize the long-term behaviour of the elements adsorbed onto clay minerals is outlined.
Published: 1994
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22. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author: H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. Magoni, A. Luxen, T. Garcia-Silva, S. Di Cesare, Christophe Tzourio, M. Gomori, I. Picomell, L. Santoro, F. Villa, Giovanni Pennisi, T. Ribalta, J. M. Molto, L. Marzorati, P. Loiseau, F. Gemignani, A. Gironell, J. Wissel, A. Prusinski, F. Cailloux, P. Villanueva-Hemandez, P. Cozzone, T. Del Ser, J. Sans-Sabrafen, M. Zappia, P. W. A. Willems, G. Tchernia, D. Gardeur, R. Bauer, F. Palomo, H. Metz, S. Lamoureux, C. Chastang, I. Reinhard, A. Goldfarb, S. Harder, Jordi Río, C. Ozkara, E. Tekinsoy, P. Vontobell, J. De Recondo, M. Rabasa, L. Lacomblez, F. Boon, Dgt Thomas, V. Palma, Renato Mantegazza, A. Dervis, M. Nueckel, B. YalÇinerner, I. Duran, G. Dalla Volta, A. Zubimendi, J. Pinheiro, A. Marbini, Xavier Montalban, H. Wekerle, X. Pereira Monteino, F. Crespo, F. Koskas, N. Battistini, C. Ruiz, H. Offner, J. de Pommery, P. Kanovsky, J. Y. Barnett, J. Pardo, G. Tomei, R. Rene, H. M. Lokhorst, P. Thajeb, H. Bilgin, D. McGehee, R. Fahsold, L. Morgante, Katie Sidle, C. Delwaide, M. N. Diaye, P. H. Rice, A. Creange, C. Sabev, K. Stephan, K. WeilBenborn, G. Magnani, L. Grymonprez, F. Cardellach, M. Kaps, N. G. Meco, F. Vega, V. Bonifati, A. Desomer, M. Baldy-Moulinier, G. Kvale, F. J. Authier, B. Yegen, T. Ho, J. M. Rozet, E. A. Cabanis, L. Bruce, L. Ambrosoli, M. A. Petrella, M. Hernandez, P. Timmings, H. B. van der Worp, F. Mahieux, A. Urbano-Marquez, D. A. Krendel, A. A. Garcia, R. Divari, R. Michalowicz, M. R. Piedmonte, M. Bondavalli, M. Zanca, P. F. Ippel, Onofre Combarros, B. Tavitian, E. Hirsch, I. Anastasopoulos, A. Roses, A. Köhler, P. Vienna, V. Timmerman, P. Sergi, F. Cornelio, A. Di Pasquale, R. Verleger, S. Castellvirel, J. Proano, B. van Moll, F. Rubio, W. Hacke, I. Lavenu, L. Zetta, M. W. Tas, N. Bittmann, M. Bonamini, O. R. Hommes, V. Dousset, N. Afsar, S. Belal, R. R. Myers, J. Goes, Giuseppe Vita, E. Clementi, V. G. Karepov, M. Jueptner, A Vincent, P. Emmrich, Th. Heb, A. Caballo, J. Gallego, T. Mokrusch, C. Perla, L. Gebuhrer, O. Titlbach, Alessandro Prelle, A. Czlonkowska, M. Russo, D. Hadjiev, T. S. Chkhikvishvili, M. Oehlschlager, G. Becker, I. Günther, E. N. Stenager, J. Garcia Agundez, J. Casademont, J. Batlle, S. Podobnik-Sarkanji, C. Alonso-Villaverde, B. Delaguillaume, B. Genc, B. Mazoyer, A. Rodriguez-Al-barino, Ch. Hilger, B. Ferrero, R. Price, W. Grisold, L. Fuhry, D. Oulbani, D. Ewing, A. Petkov, W. Walther, A. Gokyigit, John Newsom-Davis, J. Tayot, D. Seliak, G. Pelliccioni, D. Campagne, K. Kessler, F. Boureau, D. Perani, J. P. N'Guyen, N. Tchalucova, B. A. Antin-Ozerkis, C. Lacroix, B. D. Aronovich, I. H. Jenkins, E. A. dos Reis, M. Hortells, H. M. Meinck, H. Ch. Buschmann, S. C. J. M. Jacobs, T. Wetter, P. Creissard, N. Martinez, J. Weidenfeldl, H. J. Sturenburg, G. Damlacik, V. Gracia, J. C. Turpin, A. Pou-Serradell, J. P. Vincent, T. Gagoshidze, U. Ozkutlu, M. McLeod, K. Siegfried, I. Tchaoussoglou, J. Hildebrand, S. Kowalska, M. C. Picot, G. Galardin, L. Crevits, F. Andreetta, S. Larumbe-Lobalde, G. de la Sierra, J. C. Alvarez-Cermeno, R. J. Seitz, P. L. Oey, L. Ptacek, A. M. J. Paans, A. Wirrwar, A. Schmied, J. Uilchez, H. Tounsi, D. Hipola, V. Avoledo, Y. Hirata, P. Vermersch, T. M. Aisonobe, J. Valls-SoIè, H. Staunton, J. Dichgans, R. Karabudak, I. Dones, G. Porta, E. Janssens, Maria Martinez, J. M. Fernandez-Real, R. Villagra, Y. Yoshino, C. Kabus, K. Schimrigk, I. Girard-Buttaz, F. Piccoli, F. Aichner, P. Zuchegna, S. M. Al Deeb, F. Bono, N. Busquets, A. Jobert, Patrizia Ciscato, M. Martin, L. Polman, S. Darbra, V. Le Cam-Duchez, F. Baldissera, B. Baykan-Kurt, D. Guez, M. Bratoeva, H. Matsui, M. Mila, H. Perron, L. Bjorge, G. Husby, Steven T. DeKosky, D. R. Cornblath, J. M. Gabriel, J. J. Poza, Y. Wu, A. Toscano, R. P. Kleyweg, J. Kuhnen, S. O. Confort-Gouny, A. Barcelo, A. M. Conti, C. Fiol, C. Steichen-Wiehn, J. Rodes, M. Cavenaile, C. Vedeler, M. Drlicek, C. Argentino, M. L. Peris, A. Cervello, A. Z. GinaÏ, S. Yancheva, D. Passingham, S. Aoba, D. L. Lopez, T. Rechlin, K. Sonka, L. Grazzi, V. Folnegovic-Smalc, Maurizio Moggio, S. Rivaud, F. G. I. Jennekens, C. H. Hartard, H. Meierkord, G. Stocklin, M. D. Catala, W. C. McKay, E. Salmon, C. Navarro, I. Pastor, L. Canafoglia, M. De Braekeleer, P. K. Thomas, C. Mocellini, C. Pierre-Jerome, M. C. Dalakas, P. Pollak, M. Levivier, Niall Quinn, G. E. Rivolta, Z. Tunca, H. Zeumer, J. Garcia Tena, St. Guily, P. Gaudray, Johannes Kornhuber, V. Petrunjashev, R. Montesanti, R. J. Abbott, H. Petit, G. Kiteva-Trencevska, F. Carletto, C. Ramo, I. M. Pino, P. Beau, G. F. Mennuni, F. Moschian, F. Meneghini, B. Zdziarska, B. Fontaine, C. Stephens, G. Meco, K. Reiners, G. Badlan, M. Sessa, I. Degaey, S. M. Hassan, C. Albani, F. Caroeller, M. Schroeder, G. Savettieri, A. Novelletto, R. Kurita, P. Oschmann, I. Plaza, M. Oliveres, Simone Spuler, A. Molins, M. Schwab, J. R. Kalden, C. P. Gennaula, Y. Baklan, O. Picard, J. M. Léger, B. Mokri, E. Ghidoni, M. Jacob, D. Deplanque, W. JÄnisch, C. De Andres, P. De Deyn, G. Guomundsson, B. Herron, J. Barado, J. L. Gastaut, Guglielmo Scarlato, F. Poron, Nicola Jones, H. Teisserenc, C. P. Hawkins, A. J. Steck, H. C. Chandler, S. Blanc, J. H. Faiss, Jm. Soler Insa, I. Sarova-Ponchas, M. Malberin, A. Sackmann, G. De Vuono, K. Kaiser-Rub, K. Badhia, E. Szwabowska-Orzeszko, S. Ramm, C. Jodice, G. Franck, J. Marta-Moreno, R. Sciolla, C. Fritz, A. Attaccalite, F. Weber, E. Neuman, M. Cannata, A. Rodriguez, I. Nachainkin, R. Raffaele, T. S. Yu, N. Losseff, E. Fabrizio, C. Khati, M. Keipes, M. P. Ortega, M. Ramos-Alvarez, E. Brambilla, A. Tarasov, K. H. Wollinsky, O. B. Paulson, F. Boller, G. Bozzato, H. Wagnur, R. Canton, D. Testa, E. Kutluaye, M. Calopa, D. Smadja, G. Malatesta, F. Baggi, A. Stracciari, G. Daral, G. Avanzini, J. Perret, J. Arenas, P. Boon, I. Gomes, A. Vortmeyer, P. Cesaro, S. Venz, E. Bernd Ringelstein, N. Milani, D. Laplane, P. Seibel, E. Tournier-Lasserve, Alexis Brice, L. Motti, E. Wascher, R. J. Abbot, F. Miralles, A. Turon, P. De Camilli, G. Luz, G. C. Guazzi, S. Tekin, F. Lesoin, T. Kryst, N. Lannoy, F. Gerstenbrand, S. Ballivet, H. A. M. van Diemen, J. Lopez-ArLandis, P. Bell, A. Silvani, M. A. Garcia, S. Vorstrup, D. Langdon, S. Ueno, B. Sander, V. Ozurk, C. Gurses, P. Berlit, J. M. Martinez-Lage, M. Treacy, S. O. Rodiek, S. Cherninkova, J. Grimaud, P. Marozzi, K. Hasert, S. Goldman, S. H. Ingwersen, A. Taghavy, T. Roig, R. Harper, I. Sarova-Pinchas, Anthony H.V. Schapira, R. Lebtahi, A. Vidaller, B. Stankov, D. Link, J. p. Malin, V. Petrova, Ludwig Kappos, J. L. Ochoa, T. Torbergsen, M. Carpo, M. Donato, Simon Shorvon, J. Mieszkowski, J. Perez-Serra, Raymond Voltz, G. Comi, S. Rafique, A. Perez-Sempere, N. Khalfallah, S. Bailleul, M. Borgers, S. Banfi, S. Mossman, A. Laihinen, G. Filippini, R. A. Grunewald, E. Stern, H. D. Herrmann, A. G. Droogan, P. Xue, A. Grilo, L. La Mantia, J. H. J. Wokke, S. Pizzul, Kie Kian Ang, S. Rapaport, W. Szaplyko, B. Romero, P. Brunet, A. 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Navasa, J. Ballabriga, G. Broggi, T. Gudeva, C. Rose, J. Vion-Dury, J. A. Gastaut, J. Pniewski, Nicola J. Robertson, G. Kohncke, M. Billot, S. Gok, E. Castellli, F. Denktas, P. Bazzi, F. Spinelli, I. F. Moseley, C. D. Mardsen, B. Barbiroli, O. M. Koriech, A. Miller, Hiroaki Yoshikawa, F. X. Borruat, J. Zielasek, P. Le Coz, J. Pascual, A. Drouet, L. T. Giron, F. Schondube, R. Midgard, M. Alizadeh, M. Liguori, Lionel Ginsberg, L. Harms, C. Tilgner, G. Tognoni, F. Molteni, Mar Tintoré, M. Psylla, C. Goulon-Goeau, M. V. Aguilar, Massimo Filippi, K. H. Mauritz, Thomas V. Fernandez, C. Basset, S. Rossi, P. Meneses, B. Jandolo, T. Locatelli, D. Shechtcr, C. Magnani, R. Ferri, Bruno Dubois, J. M. Warier, S. Berges, F. Idiman, M. Schabet, R. R. Diehl, P. D'aurelio, M. Musior, Reinhard Hohlfeld, P. Smeyers, M. Olivé, A. Riva, C. A. Broere, N. Egund, S. Franceschetti, V. Bonavita, Nicola Canal, E. Timmermans, M. Ruiz, S. Barrandon, G. Vasilaski, B. Deweer, L. Galiano, S. F. T. M. de Bruijn, L. Masana, A. Goossens, B. Heye, K. Lauer, Heinz Gregor Wieser, Stephen R. Williams, B. Garavaglia, A. P. Sempere, F. Grigoletto, P. Poindron, R. Lopez-Pajares, I. Leite, T. A. McNell, C. Caucheteur, J. M. Giron, A. D. Collins, P. Freger, J. Sanhez Del Rio, D. A. Harn, K. Lindner, S. S. Scherer, G. Serve, M. Juncadella, X. Estivill, R. Binkhorst, M. Anderson, B. Tekinsoy, C. Sagan, T. Anastopoulos, G. Japaridze, S. Guillou, F. Erminio, Jon Sussman, P. G. Oomes, D. S. Rust, S. Mascheroni, O. Berger, M. Peresson, K. V. Toyka, T. W. Polder, M. Huberman, B. Arpaci, H. Ramtami, I. Martinez, Ph. Violon, P. P. Gazzaniga Pozzill, R. Ruda, P. Auzou, J. Parker, S. P. Morrissey, Jiahong Zhu, F. Rotondi, P. Baron, W. Schmid, P. Doneda, M. Spadaro, M. C. Nargeot, I. Banchs, J.S.P. van den Berg, R. Ferrai, M. Robotti, M. Fredj, Pedro M. Rodríguez Cruz, B. Erne, D. G. Piepgras, M. C. Arne-Bes, J. Escudero, C. Goetz, A. R. Naylor, M. Hallett, O. Abramsky, E. Bonifacio, L. E. Larsson, R. Pellikka, P. Valalentino, D. Guidetti, B. Buchwald, C. H. Lücking, D. Gauvreau, F. Pfaff, A. Ben Younes-Chennoufi, R. Kiefer, R. Massot, K. A. Hossmann, L. Werdelin, P. J. Baxter, U. Ziflo, S. Allaria, C. D. Marsden, M. Cabaret, S. P. Mueller, E. Calabrese, R. Colao, S. I. Bekkelund, M. Yilmaz, O. Oktem-Tanor, R. Gine, M. E. Scheulen, J. Beuuer, A. Melo, Z. Gulay, M. D. Have, C. Frith, D. Liberati, J. Gozlan, P. Rondot, Ch. Brunholzl, M. Pocchiari, J. Pena, L. Moiola, C. Salvadori, A. Cabello, T. Catarci, S. Webb, C. Dettmers, N. A. Gregson, Alexandra Durr, F. Iglesias, U. Knorr, L. Ferrini-Strambi, F. Kruggel, P. Allard, A. Coquerel, P. Genet, F. Vinuels, C. Oberwittler, A. Torbicki, P. Leffers, B. Renault, B. Fauser, C. Ciano, G. Uziel, J. M. Gibson, F. Anaya, C. Derouesné, C. N. Anagnostou, M. Kaido, W. Eickhoff, G. Talerico, M. L. Berthier, A. Capdevila, M. Alons, D. Rezek, E. Wondrusch, U. Kauerz, D. Mateo, M. A. Chornet, Holon, N. Pinsard, I. Doganer, E. Paoino, H. Strenge, C. Diaz, J. R. Brasic, W. Heide, I. Santilli, W. M. Korn, D. Selcuki, M. J. Barrett, D. Krieger, T. Leon, T. Houallah, M. Tournilhac, C. Nos, D. Chavot, F. Barbieri, F. J. Jimenez-Jimenez, J. Muruzabal, K. Poeck, A. Sennlaub, L. M. Iriarte, L. G. Lazzarino, C. Sanz, P. A. Fischer, S. D. Shorvon, R. Hoermann, F. Delecluse, M. Krams, O. Corabianu, F. H. Hochberg, Christopher J. Mathias, B. Debachy, C. M. Poser, L. Delodovici, A. Jimenez-Escrig, F. Baruzzi, F. Godenberg, D. Cucinotta, P. J. Garcia Ruiz, K. Maier-Hauff, P. R. Bar, R. Mezt, R. Jochens, S. Karakaneva, C. Roberti, E. Caballero, Joseph E. Parisi, M. Zamboni, T. Lacasa, B. Baklan, J. C. Gautier, J. A. Martinez-Matos, W. Pollmann, G. Thomas, L. Verze, E. Chleide, R. Alvarez Sala, I. Noel, E. Albuisson, O. Kastrup, S. I. Rapoport, H. J. Braune, H. Lörler, M. Le Merrer, A. Biraben, S. Soler, S. J. Taagholt, U. Meyding-Lamadé, K. Bleasdale-Barr, Isabella Moroni, Y. Campos, J. Matias-Guiu, G. Edan, M. G. Bousser, John B. Clark, J. Garcia de Yebenes, N. K. Olsen, P. Hitzenberger, S. Einius, Aj Thompson, Ch. J. Vecht, T. Crepin-Leblond, Klaus L. Leenders, A. Di Muzio, L. Georgieva, René Spiegel, K. Sabey, D. Ménégalli, J. Meulstee, U. Liszka, P. Giral, C. Sunol, J. M. Espadaler, A. D. Crockar, K. Varli, G. Giraud, P. J. Hülser, A. Benazzouz, A. Reggio, M. Salvatore, K. Genc, M. Kushnir, S. Barbieri, J. Ph. Azulay, M. Gianelli, N. Bathien, A. AlMemar, F. Hentati, I. Ragueneau, F. Chiarotti, R. C. F. Smits, A. K. Asbury, F. Lacruz, B. Muller, Alan J. Thompson, Gordon Smith, K. Schmidt, C. Daems Monpeun, Juergen Weber, A. Arboix, G. R. Fink, A. M. Cobo, M. Ait Kaci Ahmed, E. Gencheva, Israel-Biet, G. Schlaug, P. De Jonghe, Philip Scheltens, K. Toyka, P. Gonzalez-Porque, A. Cila, J. M. Fernandez, P. Augustin, J. Siclia, S. Medaglini, D. E. Ziogas, A. Feve, L. Kater, G. J. E. Rinkel, D. Leppert, Rüdiger J. Seitz, S. Ried, C. Turc-Carel, G. Smeyers, F. Godinho, M. Czygan, M. Rijntjes, E. Aversa, M. Frigo, Leif Østergaard, J. L. Munoz Blanco, A. Cruz-Matinez, J. De Reuck, C. Theillet, T. Barroso, V. Oikonen, Florence Lebert, M. Kilinc, C. Cordon-Cardon, G. Stoll, E. Thiery, F. Pulcinelli, J. Solski, M. Schmiegelow, L. J. Polman, P. Fernandez-Calle, C. Wikkelso, M. Ben Hamida, M. Laska, E. Kott, W. Sulkowski, C. Lucas, N. M. Bornstein, D. Schmitz, M. W. Lammers, A. de Louw, R. J. S. Wise, P. A. van Darn, C. Antozzi, P. Villanueva, P. H. E. Hilkens, C. Constantin, W. Ricart, A. Wolf, M. Gamba, P. Maguire, Alessandro Padovani, B. M. Patten, Marie Sarazin, H. Ackermann, L. Durelli, S. Timsit, Sebastian Jander, B. W. Scheithauer, G. Demir, J. P. Neau, P. Barbanti, A. Brand, N. AraÇ, V. Fischer-Gagnepain, R. Marchioli, G. Serratrice, C. Maugard-Louboutin, G. T. Spencer, D. Lücke, G. Mainardi, K. Harmant Van Rijckevorsel, G. B. Creel, R. Manzanares, Francesco Fortunato, A. May, J. Workman, K. Johkura, E. Fernandez, Carlo Colosimo, L. Calliauw, L. Bet, Félix F. Cruz-Sánchez, M. Dhib, H. Meinardi, F. Carrara, J. Kuehnen, C. Peiro, H. Lassmann, K. Skovgaard Olsen, A. McDonald, L. Sciulli, A. Cobo, A. Monticelli, B. Conrad, J. Bagunya, J. Benitez, V. Desnizza, B. Dupont, O. Delrieu, D. Moraes, J. J. Heimans, F. Garcia Rio, M. Matsumto, A. Fernandez, R. Nermni, R. Chalmers, M. J. Marchau, F. Aguado, P. Velupillai, P. J. Martin, P. Tassan, V. Demarin, A. Engelien, T. Gerriets, Comar, J. L. Carrasco, J. P. Pruvo, A. Lopez de Munain, D. Pavitt, J. Alarcon, Chris H. Polman, B. Guldin, N. Yeni, Hartmut Brückmann, N. Wilczak, H. Szwed, R. Causaran, G. Kyriazis, M. E. Westarp, M. Gasparini, N. Pecora, J. M. Roda, E. Lang, V. Scaioli, David R. Fish, D. Caputo, O. Gratzl, R. Mercelis, A. Perretti, G. Steimetz, I. Link, C. Rigoletto, A. Catafau, G. Lucotte, M. Buti, G. Fagiolari, A. Piqueras, C. Godinot, J. C. Meurice, Erodriguez J. Dominigo, F. Lionnet, H. Grzelec, David J. Brooks, P. M. G. Munro, F. X. Weilbach, M. Maiwald, W. Split, B. Widjaja-Cramer, V. Ozturk, J. Colas, E. Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg
Subjects: Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published: 1994
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23. Skin versus hub cultures to predict colonization and infection of central venous catheter in intensive care patients

Author: J. C. Petit, Bertrand Guidet, V. Barakett, I. Nicola, J. M. Gabillet, G Offenstadt, and E Snoey
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Catheterization, Central Venous, Resuscitation, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Bacteremia, law.invention, law, Intensive care, Humans, Medicine, Colonization, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Skin, Bacteria, business.industry, General Medicine, equipment and supplies, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Surgery, Intensive Care Units, Catheter, Infectious Diseases, business, Central venous catheter
Abstract: Central venous catheters (CVC) are an important source of nosocomial infection in intensive care units. The unnecessary removal of CVC suspected to be infected can probably be minimized. In order to test the accuracy of non-invasive methods for predicting catheter colonization, we prospectively compared the results of 50 consecutive CVC tip cultures, with cultures of the CVC hub and the skin at the insertion site. The CVC were separated into two groups based upon the underlying reason for CVC removal: group I (n = 20), suspicion of infection; group II (n = 30), no suspicion of infection. The skin culture (with a threshold of 15 CFU) was useful in both groups for assessing catheter colonization since it was always positive in cases of catheter colonization and always negative in the absence of catheter colonization. The contribution of the CVC hub cultures alone was minimal since there was no case of catheter colonization with negative skin cultures and positive hub cultures suggesting that the main route of catheter colonization was via the skin. Catheter-related bacteremia was identified in seven patients (six in group I and one in group II). In these patients, the ratio of bacterial colony counts (central/peripheral) was greater than 10:1 in only two cases.
Published: 1994
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24. Synergistic induction of periodontal tissue regeneration by binary application of human osteogenic protein-1 and human transforming growth factor-β3 in Class II furcation defects of Papio ursinus

Author: J A, Teare, J-C, Petit, and U, Ripamonti
Subjects: Dental Cementum, Drug Carriers, Bone Regeneration, Periodontal Ligament, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7, Furcation Defects, Rectus Abdominis, Bone Matrix, Biocompatible Materials, Drug Synergism, Molar, Drug Combinations, Calcification, Physiologic, Papio ursinus, Transforming Growth Factor beta3, Osteogenesis, Alveolar Process, Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal, Animals, Humans, Mandibular Diseases, Proteoglycans, Collagen, Laminin, Cementogenesis
Abstract: Binary applications of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (hOP-1) and transforming growth factor-β3 (hTGF-β3) synergize to induce pronounced bone formation. To induce periodontal tissue regeneration, binary applications of hOP-1 and hTGF-β(3) were implanted in Class II furcation defects of the Chacma baboon, Papio ursinus.Defects were created bilaterally in the furcation of the first and second mandibular molars of three adult baboons. Single applications of 25 μg hOP-1 and 75 μg hTGF-β(3) in Matrigel(®) matrix were compared with 20:1 binary applications, i.e. 25 μg hOP-1 and 1.25 μg hTGF-β(3). Morcellated fragments of autogenous rectus abdominis striated muscle were added to binary applications. Sixty days after implantation, the animals were killed and the operated tissues harvested en bloc. Undecalcified sections were studied by light microscopy, and regenerated tissue was assessed by measuring volume and height of newly formed alveolar bone and cementum.The hOP-1 and hTGF-β(3) induced periodontal tissue regeneration and cementogenesis. Qualitative morphological analysis of binary applications showed clear evidence for considerable periodontal tissue regeneration. Quantitatively, the differences in the histomorphometric values did not reach statistical significance for the group size chosen for this primate study. The addition of morcellated muscle fragments did not enhance tissue regeneration. Binary applications showed rapid expansion of the newly formed bone against the root surfaces following fibrovascular tissue induction in the centre of the treated defects.Binary applications of hOP-1 and hTGF-β(3) in Matrigel(®) matrix in Class II furcation defects of P. ursinus induced substantial periodontal tissue regeneration, which was tempered, however, by the anatomy of the furcation defect model, which does not allow for the rapid growth and expansion of the synergistic induction of bone formation, particularly when additionally treated with responding myoblastic stem cells.
Published: 2011

25. Genomic fingerprinting ofClostridium difficileisolates by using a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay

Author: F, Barbut, N, Mario, M, Delmée, J, Gozian, and J C, Petit
Subjects: Genetics, Base Sequence, Clostridioides difficile, Molecular Sequence Data, Clostridium difficile, Biology, DNA Fingerprinting, Microbiology, Molecular biology, RAPD, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, genomic DNA, Species Specificity, chemistry, law, Genetic marker, Genotype, Typing, Molecular Biology, Polymerase chain reaction, DNA
Abstract: This study describes the use of a new and easy method called random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay to distinguish strains of C. difficile. We used two single short primers (AP4 and AP5) with arbitrary nucleotide sequences in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify genomic DNA. The profiles observed after electrophoretic separation were able to distinguish 20 reference C. difficile strains previously serotyped by Delmée's method. The fingerprints of 11 epidemiologically unrelated C. difficile strains clearly yielded a DNA polymorphism between all the strains. Latterly, RAPD profiles of 11 C. difficile strains isolated from 2 independent suspected outbreaks showed, in each case, a predominant banding pattern corresponding to an epidemic strain. These results suggest that RAPD assay could be a valuable tool for epidemiological studies.
Published: 1993
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26. Comparison of three enzyme immunoassays, a cytotoxicity assay, and toxigenic culture for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea

Author: C. Kajzer, F. Barbut, N Planas, and J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Diarrhea, Microbiology (medical), medicine.drug_class, Bacterial Toxins, Clostridium difficile toxin A, Biology, Monoclonal antibody, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Enterotoxins, Feces, fluids and secretions, Bacterial Proteins, medicine, Humans, Clostridiaceae, Cytotoxicity, Clostridioides difficile, Toxin, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Clostridium difficile, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Clostridium Infections, medicine.symptom, Research Article
Abstract: Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) based on monoclonal antibodies for the detection of Clostridium difficile toxins have recently been developed for clinical use. The aim of this study was to compare three commercially available EIAs, two for toxin A (Premier C. difficile Toxin A; Meridian, Osi, Elancourt, France; and Vidas C. difficile Toxin A; bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) and one for toxins A and B (Cytoclone A + B EIA; Cambridge Biotech Corp., Codiapharm, Evian, France), with a cytotoxicity assay and toxigenic culture for the diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). The study was performed with 285 fresh stools from 285 patients with suspected CDAD. In case of disagreement, the tests were repeated on a frozen aliquot of the same stool sample, and the patient's chart was reviewed. CDAD diagnosis was established in 55 cases (incidence, 19.3%). The sensitivities and specificities of the methods were, respectively, 92.7 and 100% for the cytotoxicity assay, 96.4 and 99.1% for toxigenic culture, 75.5 and 97.8% for Cytoclone, 65.4 and 99.6% for Premier, and 65.4 and 100% for Vidas. The results were uninterpretable in 3.2% of cases with Cytoclone, 0.3% with Premier, and 2.5% with Vidas. We conclude that the cytotoxicity assay and toxigenic culture remain the best methods for the diagnosis of CDAD even though they lack standardization and require 48 to 96 h to obtain the result. Despite their rapidity and simplicity, EIAs are not sensitive enough to be relied on as the sole laboratory test.
Published: 1993
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27. Évaluation d'un nouveau test immunoenzymatique (Vidas C difficile toxine A) destiné au diagnostic des infections digestives associées à Clostridium difficile

Author: C. Kajzer, J.-C. Petit, and F. Barbut
Subjects: business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Medicine, Clostridium difficile, business, Molecular biology
Abstract: Resume Le test Vidas Clostridium difficile toxine A (Vidas CDA, bioMerieux) est un test immunofluorimetrique de type ELFA ( enzyme linked fluorescent assay ), entierement automatise, qui detecte la toxine A de C difficile a partir d'echantillons de selles. Nous avons evalue ce test a partir de 285 prelevements de selles provenant de patients suspects de diarrhee ou de colites a C difficile . Les resultats ont ete compares, d'une part, au test de cytotoxicite des selles et, d'autre part, aux cas de diarrhees ou colites a C difficile , le diagnostic reposant a la fois sur des arguments cliniques et biologiques. Sur 285 selles analysees, 51 etaient positives par le test de cytotoxicite cellulaire, 34 par le Vidas CDA, et 57 repondaient a la definition des cas. Onze selles ont donne un resultat invalide ou douteux. La sensibilite et la specificite du Vidas CDA ont ete evaluees a 68% et 100% respectivement vis-a-vis du test de cytotoxicite et a 61,8% et 100% compare a l'interpretation finale des cas. Le defaut de sensibilite de cette methode pouvait neanmoins etre compense par la recherche de la toxine A sur les surnageants des bouillons de culture de C difficile isoles des selles. Le Vidas CDA apporte une reponse en moins de 3 heures et ne necessite qu'un minimum de maintenance.
Published: 1993
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28. The compared aqueous corrosion of four simple borosilicate glasses: Influence of Al, Ca and Fe on the formation and nature of secondary phases

Author: Jean-Claude Dran, J.-C. Petit, L. Trotignon, G. Della Mea, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Borosilicate glass, Chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, Porous glass, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Amorphous solid, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Chemical engineering, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Leaching (metallurgy), Solubility, 0210 nano-technology, Chemical composition
Abstract: The aqueous corrosion of a series of four glasses under static conditions at 65 and 90°C was studied by means of solid and solution analyses. Various glass compositions were studied by successive addition of Al2O3, CaO and Fe2O3 to a simple sodium borosilicate glass in order to maintain a compositional and structural analogy to a simulated high-level radioactive waste glass. The comparison of leaching behaviours shows that Al has the greatest influence on the chemical durability, probably for two main reasons: (i) a structural effect on the glass network and on the compound forming the residual alteration layer (ii) a solubility constraint on the residual layer. The identification of the phase composing the alteration layer was only possible for the simplest glass. On the basis of chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy and solubility constraints, it was identified as amorphous silica. For the other glasses, the alteration process led to the growth of an alteration layer made up of an amorphous hydroaluminosilicate. This material cannot be defined as a phase with a fixed chemical composition ad known thermodynamic properties. The chemical composition of this compound, initially controled by the glass composition, adapts to changes in the solution chemistry, especially pH.
Published: 1992
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29. Interactions of U(VI), Nd, and Th(IV) at the Calcite-Solution Interface

Author: Susan A. Carroll, Jean-Claude Dran, Jordi Bruno, and J. C. Petit
Subjects: Calcite, 010506 paleontology, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Interface (Java), Analytical chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published: 1992
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30. Scavenging Properties of Inorganic Particles Toward Heavy Elements

Author: Jean-Claude Dran, J. D. F. Ramsay, G. Della Mea, J. C. Petit, Valérie Moulin, and M. Theyssier
Subjects: Chemical engineering, Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Scavenging, Inorganic particles
Published: 1992
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31. Migration of Radioelements Around the New Nuclear Reactors at Oklo: Analogies with a High-Level Waste Repository

Author: C. Menet, M.-T. Ménager, and J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Chemistry, Nuclear engineering, Oklo, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Published: 1992
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32. Calorimetric evidence for the water vapour/coal interaction at low temperature

Author: J. Fatnassi, M. Touazi, and J. C. Petit
Subjects: Reaction mechanism, Chemistry, business.industry, Exothermic process, Inorganic chemistry, Enthalpy, technology, industry, and agriculture, chemistry.chemical_element, Calorimetry, Catalysis, Physical chemistry, Coal, business, Carbon, Water vapor
Abstract: Calorimetric study shows that at 423 and 523 K, the water vapour/oxidised coal interaction is an exothermic process. It results in the superimposition of a rapid reversible adsorption (also encountered with unoxidised coal) on an irreversible and slow reaction. This later is correlated with a CO2 formation. The enthalpy of the reaction is independent of the amount of CO2 formed. Calorimetry clearly demonstrates that the water vapour reaction proceeds via a true hydrolysis mechanism rather than a catalytic one.
Published: 1992
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33. Introductory note

Author: M. Jorda and J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry, Pollution
Published: 1992
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34. Geochemical modelling of the long-term dissolution behaviour of the French nuclear glass R7T7

Author: Bertrand Fritz, E. Mouche, J.-C. Petit, and L. Michaux
Subjects: Chemistry, Diffusion, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, Pollution, Colloid, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ionic strength, Phase (matter), Environmental Chemistry, Fugacity, Solubility, Chemical composition, Dissolution
Abstract: The long-term dissolution behaviour of the French nuclear reference glass R7T7 was studied by means of the geochemical code DISSOL. New experimental data which support some of the assumptions of DISSOL are presented: namely, that the dissolution is congruent and that the altered layer can be considered as an assemblage of secondary phases. At 100°C the main results of modelling are that the altered layer is essentially formed of a pure siliceous phase (amorphous silica or chalcedony) associated with smectites and zeolites. This sequence of secondary minerals is closely linked to the chemical composition of the glass. For high degrees of reaction, corresponding to high B concentration, the ionic strength reaches 1 and the pH varies from 9 to 10 depending on the CO 2 fugacity; B, Li and Na are essentially found in solution and their concentrations depend on the amount of dissolved glass. On the contrary, Fe, Al and Zn have low solution concentrations which are controlled by solubility products of secondary minerals. Silicon and Ca have an intermediate behaviour which depends on the choice of selected secondary minerals. The total volume of the secondary phases is always lower than that of the corresponding dissolved glass. The results of modelling compared to static leaching experimental results show only minor differences which can be explained by kinetic control or colloid formation. It is concluded that the altered layer is not a barrier to diffusion. The consequences of this work on actinide solubility are also discussed.
Published: 1992
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35. Dissolution of subglacial volcanic glasses from Iceland: laboratory study and modelling

Author: J.-C. Petit, Bertrand Fritz, J.L. Crovisier, and J. Honnorez
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mineralogy, Crust, Palagonite, Pollution, Amorphous solid, CarbFix, Volcano, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry, Clay minerals, Dissolution, Chemical composition, Geology
Abstract: Subglacial hyaloclastites from Iceland with ages ranging from 2 ka to 2.2 Ma have been studied from a mineralogical and geochemical standpoint. The chemical composition of palagonite (alteration crust formed on the surface of the glass) is almost identical with that of the clayey material filling the intergranular spaces of the rock. The clayey material is made up of two particle populations: the first is Si-, Mg- and Ca-rich with a smectite structure, while the second is amorphous, Fe−, Ti− and Al-rich, and has a smectite-like morphology. It is suggested that these two types of particles can be formed simultaneously, in the same solution, such that it is not necessary to explain their existence by local or temporary equilibria. The mineralogical sequences observed in natural samples were reproduced using the geochemical computer code DISSOL. The geochemical mass balances calculated with DISSOL also fit quite well with those calculated from Icelandic samples, illustrating the predictive capability of such a calculation code and gives us confidence in applying a similar approach to nuclear waste-form glass problems.
Published: 1992
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36. Heterogeneous reactions of dioctahedral smectites in illite-smectite and kaolinite-smectite mixed-layers: applications to clay materials for engineered barriers

Author: J.-C. Petit, Daniel Beaufort, Alain Meunier, Alain Lajudie, and D. Proust
Subjects: Mineralogy, engineering.material, Pollution, Hydrothermal circulation, Chemical engineering, Geochemistry and Petrology, Silicate minerals, Bentonite, Illite, engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Kaolinite, Clay minerals, Quartz, Geology, Waste disposal
Abstract: The clay materials selected for use in the engineered barriers of the French nuclear waste isolation programme are mainly composed of dioctahedral smectite, either bentonite of Wyoming type or kaolinite-smectite mixed-layered minerals from the Sparnacian deposit of the Paris Basin. These dioctahedral smectites most often consist of randomly stacked layers with low and high charges. In the case of the Wyoming-type bentonite, these two differently charged layers do not react in the same way when subjected to hydrothermal alteration. Overall, the low-charge smectite layers react to form high-charge smectite layers + quartz + kaolinite. Then, fixing K ions, the high-charge smectite layers are transformed into iilite-smectite mixed-layers (I/S) when the temperature conditions increase (diagenetic formations, geothermal fields or metasomatic environments). A symmetrical process is observed in natural or experimental hydrothermal conditions when the high-charge smectite layers of I/S minerals react with quartz and/or kaolinite to produce low-charge smectite layers. The chemical properties (cation exchange capacity, irreversible K fixation) of the bentonite-engineered barriers clearly depend on the low charge/high charge smectite layer proportion, which is in turn controlled by the temperature-dependent reactions in the vicinity of the waste disposal. Although there are fewer published data on the kaolinite-smectite mixed-layered minerals (K/S), a similar low charge-high charge reaction appears to affect their smectite component. The experimental alteration of K/S leads to the formation of a low-charge beidellite with an increase in the cation-exchange capacity and in the expandability of the clay material. Thus, the properties of the engineered barrier seems to be improved after hydrothermal alteration.
Published: 1992
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37. The migration of radionuclides in granite: a review based on natural analogues

Author: Marcel Brocandel, Marie-Thérèse Menager, and J.-C. Petit
Subjects: geography, Radionuclide, geography.geographical_feature_category, Petrophysics, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Radioactive waste, Uranium, Pollution, Igneous rock, chemistry, Geological formation, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry, Clay minerals, Geology
Abstract: The characterization of a geological formation for nuclear waste disposal should be carried out on a site by site basis. However, the study of analogous granitic formations, all around the world, gives a few general guidelines for a better understanding of elemental migration processes. In this review, focused on mineralogical, petrological and geochemical phenomena, it is shown that fractures should play a dominant role in transport through granites. Moreover, mineralogical transformations, as well as their textural and petrophysical consequences (e.g. permeability changes), should be reliably predicted. Finally, this review confirms that water-rock interactions do mobilize many elements, including analogues of actinides (U, Th, REE). However, most alteration minerals of granite (e.g. clay minerals, carbonates) exhibit a high capability for efficiently trapping these heavy elements. It is concluded that natural analogues are very useful for specifying the appropriate approach for the characterization of a geological site. They have also proved essential for developing and validating geochemical models of mass transfers around a repository in granite.
Published: 1992
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38. Calorimetric evidence for a dual mechanism in the low temperature oxidation of coal

Author: J. C. Petit
Subjects: Standard enthalpy of reaction, medicine.medical_specialty, Hydrogen, Chemistry, Enthalpy, Carbochemistry, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Calorimetry, Oxygen, Outgassing, Chemisorption, medicine
Abstract: Calorimetry linked with GPC analysis has allowed the measurement of the heat of reaction against the oxygen coverage for three french coals ranging from subbituminous to semianthracite. At low oxygen coverage, a complex evolution of the enthalpy is observed mainly attributed to a chemisorption located on radical sites formed and accumulated during the outgassing pretreatment, whereas at higher coverage, the enthalpy becomes independent of the oxygen coverage where the removal of hydrogen as water vapour predominates. At low coverage the degassing pretreatments influence in a persistent way the enthalpy measurements, and in consequence it is generally only at high oxygen coverage, that enthalpy measurements coming from differently pretreated samples may be usefully compared.
Published: 1991
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39. Natural Analogue Aspects of Radionuclide Transport in the Geosphere

Author: J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Radionuclide, Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Natural (archaeology)
Published: 1991
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40. Migration of Radionuclides in the Geosphere: What can we learn from Natural Analogues?

Author: J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Radionuclide, Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Natural (archaeology)
Published: 1990
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41. [Totally implantable venous access ports: frequency of complications and analysis of bacterial contamination after ablation]

Author: F, Barbut, S, Soukouna, V, Lalande, M-L, Garcia, D, Neyme, A, de Gramont, and J-C, Petit
Subjects: Adult, Male, Catheterization, Central Venous, Inpatients, Paris, Catheters, Indwelling, Incidence, Neoplasms, Humans, Bacteremia, Female, Middle Aged, Aged
Abstract: Totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAP) are valuable medical devices for long-term intravenous treatment such as parenteral nutrition, cancer chemotherapy or antiviral therapy. Implantation and use of these devices are each associated with infectious or mechanical complications.To determine the frequency of complications and to analyze bacterial contamination of different parts of TIVAP (tip, septum, internal lumen of the port).Clinical charts of patients, which TIVAP was removed between April 20th to December 31st 2003, were retrospectively reviewed. Infectious complications (local and septicemic) and non-infectious complications (i.e. obstruction, thrombosis, drug extravasation...) were defined using clinical and/or microbiological criteria. Quantitative culture from different parts of the TIVAP was performed.One hundred and ten patients (age 57 +/- 14-years-old, 94.3% cancers) were included, corresponding to 57,018 catheter-days: 39.1% had one or more non-infectious complications (density incidence: 0.86 for 1000 catheter-days). Among the 49 complications, obstruction, thrombosis, extravasations and malposition accounted for 30.6%, 30.6% 4.1% and 6% of cases. Twenty-one patients (19.1%) had an infectious complication: 11 were local and 14 were systemic (density incidence 0.43 for 1000 catheter-days). Bacteria responsible for TIVAP-associated bacteraemia were coagulase negative staphylococci (N = 2), Staphylococcus aureus susceptible to methicilline (N = 3), micrococci (N = 1), corynebacteria (N = 1) or Gram-negative bacilli (N = 8). Comparison of quantitative culture of the different parts of TIVAP with a threshold at 10(3) CFU/ml showed that culture of tip, septum and port has a sensitivity of 47.6% 57.1% and 61.9 %, respectively and a specificity of 100% 92.1% and 92.1%, respectively for the diagnosis of TIVAP infection.Complications associated to TIVAP are frequent but incidence that we have reported is comparable with previous studies. Analysis of internal lumen of the port is the most sensitive method for the diagnosis of TIVAP-associated infections.
Published: 2004

42. [Complications due to peripheral venous catheterization. Prospective study]

Author: F, Barbut, T, Pistone, M, Guiguet, R, Gaspard, M, Rocher, C, Dousset, J L, Meynard, N, Carbonell, E, Maury, G, Offenstadt, R, Poupon, J, Frottier, A J, Valleron, and J C, Petit
Subjects: Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Cross Infection, Adolescent, Candidiasis, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, Health Surveys, Intensive Care Units, Catheters, Indwelling, Cross-Sectional Studies, Risk Factors, Catheterization, Peripheral, Wound Infection, Humans, Female, France, Phlebitis, Aged
Abstract: Peripheral venous catheter (PVC)-associated complications were prospectively evaluated in a 2 month-study performed in 3 different wards.For each inserted PVC, the following complications were observed daily by an external investigator: tenderness, erythema, swelling or induration, palpable cord and purulence. PVC that were removed were systematically sent to the Microbiology department and analysed according to the semi-quantitative method described by Brun-Buisson et al.A total of 525 PVC (corresponding to 1,036 catheterisation-days) were included. Main clinical complications were erythema (22.1%), tenderness (21.9%), swelling or induration (20.9%), palpable cord (2.7%) and purulence (0.2%). Phlebitis, defined by 2 or more of the following signs: tenderness, erythema, swelling or induration and palpable cord, was observed in 22%. Catheter colonization (or = 103 CFU/ml) occurred in 13%. Bacteria isolated from colonized catheters were coagulase-negative staphylococci (88.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.1%) and Candida sp. (4.8%). Multivariate risk factor analysis showed that ageor = 55 y. (OR = 3.16, p = 0.003), insertion on articulation site (OR = 2.94, p = 0.01) or in jugular vein (OR = 8.18, p = 0.01) and72 hour-catheterisation (OR = 4.74, p = 0.0003) were significantly associated with PVC colonization. Risk factors for phlebitis were skin lesions (OR = 1.88, p0.016), active infection unrelated to PVC (OR = 2.8, p = 0.001), "poor quality" peripheral vein (OR = 2.46, p0.02) and72 hour-catherisation (OR = 2.38, p = 0.009).Complications associated with peripheral venous catheters are frequent but remain benign. They could probably be reduced by a systematic change every 72-96 hours as recommended by different guidelines.
Published: 2003

43. Applying MeV Ion Beam Techniques to Geochemical Issues: Cross-Fertilizing Nuclear Physics and Geosciences

Author: J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Ion beam, Geochemistry and Petrology
Published: 1994
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44. Periodontal tissue regeneration by combined applications of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2. A pilot study in Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)

Author: U, Ripamonti, J, Crooks, J C, Petit, and D C, Rueger
Subjects: Male, Periodontium, Bone Regeneration, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7, Statistics as Topic, Bone Matrix, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, Pilot Projects, Structure-Activity Relationship, Calcification, Physiologic, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Alveolar Process, Morphogenesis, Animals, Humans, Regeneration, Dental Cementum, Analysis of Variance, Drug Carriers, Wound Healing, Furcation Defects, Molar, Recombinant Proteins, Disease Models, Animal, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Linear Models, Bone Remodeling, Papio
Abstract: Native and recombinant human bone morphogenetic/osteogenic proteins (BMPs/ OPs) singly initiate bone induction in vivo. The finding of synchronous but spatially different BMPs/OPs expression during periodontal tissue morphogenesis suggests novel therapeutic approaches using morphogen combinations based on recapitulation of embryonic development. Twelve furcation defects prepared in the first and second mandibular molars of three adult baboons (Papio ursinus) were used to assess whether qualitative histological aspects of periodontal tissue regeneration could be enhanced and tissue morphogenesis modified by combined or single applications of recombinant hOP-1 and hBMP-2. Doses of BMPs/OPs were 100 microg of each protein per 1 g of insoluble collagenous bone matrix as carrier. Approximately 200 mg of carrier matrix was used per furcation defect. Undecalcified sections cut for histological analysis 60 d after healing of hOP-1-treated specimens showed substantial cementogenesis with scattered remnants of the collagenous carrier. hBMP-2 applied alone induced greater amounts of mineralized bone and osteoid when compared to hOP-1 alone or to combined morphogen applications. Combined applications of hOP-1 and hBMP-2 did not enhance alveolar bone regeneration or new attachment formation over and above the single applications of the morphogens. The results of this study, which is the first to attempt to address the structure-activity relationship amongst BMP/OP family members, indicate that tissue morphogenesis induced by hOP-1 and hBMP-2 is qualitatively different when the morphogens are applied singly, with hOP-1 inducing substantial cementogenesis. hBMP-2 treated defects, on the other hand, showed limited cementum formation but a temporal enhancement of alveolar bone regeneration and remodelling. The demonstration of therapeutic mosaicism in periodontal regeneration will require extensive testing of ratios and doses of recombinant morphogen combinations for optimal tissue engineering in clinical contexts.
Published: 2001

45. [Role of the microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis of nosocomial diarrhea]

Author: D, Decré, F, Barbut, and J C, Petit
Subjects: Adult, Diarrhea, Rotavirus, Cross Infection, Feces, Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium Infections, Humans, Child, Laboratories, Hospitals, Rotavirus Infections
Abstract: Diarrhea that occurs in hospitalized patients is frequent and may be due to infectious or noninfectious causes. In adults with nosocomial diarrhea, the most commonly detected agent is Clostridium difficile; in children, rotaviruses are predominant. Various studies have shown that bacterial enteric pathogens (e.g. Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp...) or parasites are common causes of community-acquired diarrhea but rarely cause nosocomial enteritis. Stool cultures for these pathogens and ova and parasite examination should not be performed in patients hospitalized for more than three days unless there are plausible clinical or epidemiological reasons to do so. In contrast, C. difficile toxins assay (and rotavirus screening in children) should be primarily requested. The detection of C. difficile toxin B by stool cytotoxicity assay remains the 'gold standard'. Identification of toxin A (or A + B) can also be performed by immuno-enzymatic (ELISA) tests: results may be obtained in three hours. Electronic microscopy is the standard method for rotavirus diagnosis but tests using latex agglutination or immuno-enzymatic assay are now available. Various typing methods have been developed and may be routinely used in epidemiological investigations.
Published: 2001

46. [Epidemiology, risk factors and prevention of Clostridium difficile nosocomial infections]

Author: F, Barbut and J C, Petit
Subjects: Diarrhea, Cross Infection, Clostridioides difficile, Risk Factors, Clostridium Infections, Humans, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous, Hospitals
Abstract: Clostridium difficile is responsible for 10-25% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and for virtually all cases of antibiotic-associated pseudo-membranous colitis (PMC). This anaerobic spore-forming bacterium has been identified as the leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea in adults. Pathogenesis relies on a disruption of the normal bacterial flora of the colon, a colonization by C. difficile and the release of toxins A and B that cause mucosal damage and inflammation. Incidence of C. difficile intestinal disorders usually varies from one to 40 per thousand patient admissions. Risk factors for C. difficile-associated diarrhea include antimicrobial therapy, older age (65 years), antineoplastic chemotherapy, and length of hospital stay. Nosocomial transmission of C. difficile via oro-fecal route occurs in 3-30% of total patient admissions but it remains asymptomatic in more than 66% of cases. Persistent environmental contamination and carrying of the organism on the hands of hospital staff are common. Measures that are effective in reducing cross-infection consist of an accurate and rapid diagnosis, an appropriate treatment, an implementation of enteric precautions for symptomatic patients, a reinforcement of hand-washing and a daily environmental disinfection. C. difficile is a common cause of infectious diarrhea and should be therefore systematically investigated in patients with nosocomial diarrhea.
Published: 2001

47. Reasoning by analogy: rational foundation of natural analogue studies

Author: J.-C. Petit
Subjects: Computer science, Extrapolation, Analogy, Foundation (evidence), Mineralogy, Pollution, Field (computer science), Term (time), Identification (information), Geochemistry and Petrology, Spite, Environmental Chemistry, Natural (music), Mathematical economics
Abstract: 1. laboratory experiments, which allow the identification of individual mechanisms (in particular "rapid" ones) and the quantitative evaluation of the influence of particular parameters in welldesigned controlled systems; 2. in situ testing, which permits the investigation of ruling mechanisms or global phenomena in a medium-scale system of appropriate complexity but only on the short term; 3. modeling, which, in spite of the often necessary relative simplification of the system components and functions, allows the rational extrapolation of short-term data to much longer periods of time; 4. natural analogues, which are the only means by which very slow mechanisms can be identified and by which long-term predictions of models can be tested for pertinence (if not truly validated). Among the pioneers of this field, one tan mention BROOKINS (1976), EWING (1979) and more recently CHAPMAN et al. (1984).
Published: 1992
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48. Tamoxifen adjuvant treatment duration in early breast cancer: initial results of a randomized study comparing short-term treatment with long-term treatment. Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer Breast Group

Author: T, Delozier, M, Spielmann, J, Macé-Lesec'h, M, Janvier, C, Hill, B, Asselain, J P, Julien, B, Weber, L, Mauriac, J C, Petit, P, Kerbrat, J P, Malhaire, P, Vennin, B, Leduc, and M, Namer
Subjects: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Breast Neoplasms, Neoplasms, Second Primary, Middle Aged, Survival Analysis, Disease-Free Survival, Drug Administration Schedule, Endometrial Neoplasms, Tamoxifen, Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Receptors, Estrogen, Lymphatic Metastasis, Axilla, Humans, Female
Abstract: In 1986, The Fédération Nationale desCentres de Lutte Contre le Cancer Breast Group initiated a multicenter randomized trial to assess the usefulness of long-term adjuvant tamoxifen treatment. Short-term adjuvant tamoxifen treatment was to be compared with life long adjuvant tamoxifen treatment.Patients who were disease-free after 2 to 3 years of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment were eligible for the trial. From September 1986 to May 1995, 3,793 patients were randomized from France, Belgium, and Argentina. A total of 1,882 patients stopped tamoxifen (short-term group), and 1,911 patients were to continue tamoxifen for life (long-term group) at the same dose as previously prescribed. The protocol was modified in February 1997, limiting tamoxifen treatment to 10 years after randomization, thus giving a comparison between a 2- to 3-year treatment and a 12- to 13-year treatment. To date, the median duration of tamoxifen treatment is 30 months in the short-term group, and 70 months in the long-term group.Overall, longer tamoxifen treatment induced a 23% reduction in relapse rates, leading to a 7-year disease-free survival rate of 78%, compared with 72% in the shorter-treatment group. In contrast, overall survival did not differ between the two groups, with a 79% overall survival rate in both groups. This improvement in disease-free survival could be observed in node-positive patients (P: =.001); however, it was not found in node-negative patients. Prolonged tamoxifen treatment corresponded to a significant increase in disease-free survival in estrogen receptor-positive patients (P: =.03) as well as in estrogen receptor-negative patients (P: =.05). Furthermore, longer treatment reduced contralateral breast cancers and did not increase the number of endometrial cancers.Although no survival advantage was noted, patients did benefit from longer tamoxifen treatment over 3 years and had significantly better disease-free survival compared with patients who stopped hormonal treatment. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess these results. Most patients in the long-term group are still receiving treatment. Comparison of results as time passes will enable conclusions to be made on the value of long-term treatment over 5 years compared with 2 to 3 years.
Published: 2000

49. A supernumerary tooth in a 1.7 million-year-old Australopithecus robustus from Swartkrans, South Africa

Author: U, Ripamonti, J C, Petit, and J F, Thackeray
Subjects: Adult, Incisor, Paleodontology, South Africa, Tooth, Supernumerary, Fossils, Maxilla, Animals, Humans, Hominidae, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, History, Ancient
Abstract: The maxillary dental arch of a partial cranium of an adult specimen of Australopithecus robustus shows the presence of a supernumerary tooth between the right first and second incisors. The fossil specimen, SK 83, is from Swartkrans Member 1 sediments, considered, on the basis of associated fauna, to be approximately 1.7 million yr old. The specimen was analyzed macroscopically, stereomacroscopically and by X-ray computed tomography. The anatomic position and the morphology of the tooth are consistent with a diagnosis of supernumerary lateral incisor rather than a mesiodens or a retained deciduous tooth. This is the first description of a supernumerary tooth found in Plio-Pleistocene hominid fossils from South African cave deposits.
Published: 1999

50. Comparative value of colonic biopsy and intraluminal fluid culture for diagnosis of bacterial acute colitis in immunocompetent patients. Infectious Colitis Study Group

Author: F, Barbut, L, Beaugerie, N, Delas, S, Fossati-Marchal, P, Aygalenq, and J C, Petit
Subjects: Adult, Diarrhea, Male, Adolescent, Colon, Biopsy, Shigella sonnei, Campylobacter coli, Shigella flexneri, Campylobacter jejuni, Predictive Value of Tests, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Humans, Prospective Studies, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clostridioides difficile, Bacterial Infections, Colonoscopy, Middle Aged, Colitis, Body Fluids, Acute Disease, Female, Immunocompetence
Abstract: We compared the yield of intraluminal fluid culture to that of biopsy specimens obtained during colonoscopy for the diagnosis of bacterial colitis in 93 immunocompetent patients with a recent episode of diarrhea and macroscopic lesions of colitis. Stool culture findings were also available for 68 patients. At least one bacterial pathogen was isolated from the biopsy specimen, intraluminal fluid, or stool from 48 patients (51.6%). Salmonella species, Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella oxytoca, Shigella species, and Campylobacter species were recovered from 16 (17.2%), 15 (16.1%), 8 (8.6%), 7 (7.5%), and 4 (4.3%) of the patients, respectively. One Shigella species and one K. oxytoca strain were isolated from biopsy specimens but not from intraluminal fluid, and intraluminal fluid was the only positive specimen in 12 cases (yielding 1 Salmonella species, 2 Shigella species, 2 K. oxytoca, and 7 C. difficile isolates). In nine cases out of 10, toxin B was detected only in intraluminal fluid. A correlation of 91.2% was observed between stool and intraluminal fluid cultures for Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter species isolations. Culture of biopsy specimens adds little to the diagnosis of infectious colitis, and stools and intraluminal fluids appear to have comparable value.
Published: 1999

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