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1. THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AEROSOL OVER EUROPE-SYNTHESISOF ONE YEAR OF EARLINET AEROSOL LIDAR MEASUREMENTS AND AEROSOL TRANSPORT MODELING WITH LMDZ-INCA

Author

S. GUIBERT, V. MATTHIAS, M. SCHULZ, J. BOSENBERG, R. EIXMANN, I. MATTIS, G. PAPPALARDO, N. SPINELLI, G. VAUGHAN, PERRONE, Maria Rita, S., Guibert, V., Matthia, M., Schulz, J., Bosenberg, R., Eixmann, I., Matti, G., Pappalardo, Perrone, Maria Rita, N., Spinelli, and G., Vaughan

Subjects
aerosol, EARLINET, lidar
Abstract

Aerosol extinction vertical profiles measured with Raman lidar in the framework of EARLINET in 2000 are compared to profiles modeled bya general circulation model, LMDzT-INCA, at seven stations in Europe. Comparisons based on individual profiles show moderate correlation between model and data. Averaging aerosol extinction values on larger temporal or spatial scales improves the comparison. Furthermore, we show that the model succeeds to reproduce the mean annual aerosol distribution over Europe. Comparisons of the aerosol vertical distribution in two distinct regions of Europe are presented. For the northern stations, the observed yearly average aerosol extinction coefficient vertical profile and the modeled one show an average bias of 22%. For the southern stations the mean bias is slightlyhigher (29%). Both model and lidar show different extinction profiles in different parts of Europe, with higher values in upper heights in the South. According to modeled profiles of each aerosol component, this is caused bythe presence of dust at altitudes between 2 and 6 km. In addition vertical mixing in the South seems to be more effective for the other aerosol components.

Published
2005

2. Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project 2 Aerosol backscatter algorithms

Author

C. BOKMANN, U. WANDINGER, A. ANSMANN, V. FREUDENTALER, J. BOSENBERG, V. AMIRIDIS, A. BOSELLI, A. DELAVAL, M. FRIOUD, I. V. GRIGOROV, A. HAGARD, M. HORVAT, M. IARLORI, L. KOMGUEN, S. KREIPL, G. LARCHEVEQUE, V. MATTHIAS, A. PAPAYANNIS, G. PAPPALARDO, F. ROCADENBOSCH, J. A. RODRIGUES, J. SCHNEIDER, V. SHCHERBACOV, M. WIEGNER, DE TOMASI, Ferdinando, Institut für Mathematik [Potsdam], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (IMAA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Potenza] (CNR), CETEMPS, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche [L'Aquila], Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ)-Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Department of Physics [Aberystwyth], Aberystwyth University, Laser Remote Sensing Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), Remote Sensing Laboratory [Barcelona] (RSLab), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Laboratoire des champs magnétiques intenses (LCMI-GHMFL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Universität Potsdam, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ)-Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Universidade do Porto-Universidade do Porto, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RSLAB - Grup de Recerca en Teledetecció, C., Bokmann, U., Wandinger, A., Ansmann, V., Freudentaler, J., Bosenberg, V., Amiridi, A., Boselli, A., Delaval, DE TOMASI, Ferdinando, M., Frioud, I. V., Grigorov, A., Hagard, M., Horvat, M., Iarlori, L., Komguen, S., Kreipl, G., Larcheveque, V., Matthia, A., Papayanni, G., Pappalardo, F., Rocadenbosch, J. A., Rodrigue, J., Schneider, V., Shcherbacov, and M., Wiegner

Subjects
Teledetecció, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Backscatter, Meteorology, aerosol, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Field of view, RAMAN LIDAR, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Aerosol backscatter, 010309 optics, Troposphere, 0103 physical sciences, INVERSION, Business and International Management, lidar, Laser beams, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, algorithm, EARLINET, Institut für Mathematik, Inversion (meteorology), ATMOSPHERE, EXTINCTION PROFILES, Aerosol, Lidar, Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Teledetecció [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Environmental science, Algorithm
Abstract

An intercomparison of aerosol backscatter lidar algorithms was performed in 2001 within the framework of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Aerosol Climatology (EARLINET). The objective of this research was to test the correctness of the algorithms and the influence of the lidar ratio used by the various lidar teams involved in the EARLINET for calculation of backscatter-coefficient profiles from the lidar signals. The exercise consisted of processing synthetic lidar signals of various degrees of difficulty. One of these profiles contained height- dependent lidar ratios to test the vertical influence of those profiles on the various retrieval algorithms. Furthermore, a realistic incomplete overlap of laser beam and receiver field of view was introduced to remind the teams to take great care in the nearest range to the lidar. The intercomparison was performed in three stages with increasing knowledge on the input parameters. First, only the lidar signals were distributed; this is the most realistic stage. Afterward the lidar ratio profiles and the reference values at calibration height were provided. The unknown height- dependent lidar ratio had the largest influence on the retrieval, whereas the unknown reference value was of minor importance. These results show the necessity of making additional independent measurements, which can provide us with a suitable approximation of the lidar ratio. The final stage proves in general, that the data evaluation schemes of the different groups of lidar systems work well. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America

Published
2004

3. DIAL Measurement of Atmospheric Water Vapor Profiles

Author

J. Bosenberg

Subjects
Dial, Atmospheric water, Atmospheric measurements, Environmental science, Atmospheric sciences
Abstract

Differential absorption lidar is a very powerful technique for the retrieval of trace gas profiles in the atmosphere. While it has been applied successfully for many trace gases like O3, NO2, NO, SO2, and many others for a rather long time already, the application to water vapor profiling had proven difficult due to the narrow linewidth of the water vapor absorption lines, and due to the rather high accuracy requirements in atmospheric research. With new achievements in laser technology the main restrictions have been overcome during the past years so that accurate measurements can be performed now.

Published
2005

4. EARLINET: the European Aerosol Lidar Network

Author

Amodeo, J. Bosenberg, A. Ansmann, D. Balis, C. Bockmann, A. Chaikovsky, A. Comeron, V. Mitev, A. Papayannis, G. Pappalardo, M. R. Perrone, V. Rizi, V. Simeonov, P. Sobolewski, N. Spinelli, D. V. Stoyanov, T. Trickl, and M. Wiegner

Published
2005

5. EARLINET: towards an advanced sustainable European aerosol lidar network

Author

G. Pappalardo, A. Amodeo, A. Apituley, A. Comeron, V. Freudenthaler, H. Linné, A. Ansmann, J. Bösenberg, G. D'Amico, I. Mattis, L. Mona, U. Wandinger, V. Amiridis, L. Alados-Arboledas, D. Nicolae, and M. Wiegner

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

The European Aerosol Research Lidar Network, EARLINET, was founded in 2000 as a research project for establishing a quantitative, comprehensive, and statistically significant database for the horizontal, vertical, and temporal distribution of aerosols on a continental scale. Since then EARLINET has continued to provide the most extensive collection of ground-based data for the aerosol vertical distribution over Europe. This paper gives an overview of the network's main developments since 2000 and introduces the dedicated EARLINET special issue, which reports on the present innovative and comprehensive technical solutions and scientific results related to the use of advanced lidar remote sensing techniques for the study of aerosol properties as developed within the network in the last 13 years. Since 2000, EARLINET has developed greatly in terms of number of stations and spatial distribution: from 17 stations in 10 countries in 2000 to 27 stations in 16 countries in 2013. EARLINET has developed greatly also in terms of technological advances with the spread of advanced multiwavelength Raman lidar stations in Europe. The developments for the quality assurance strategy, the optimization of instruments and data processing, and the dissemination of data have contributed to a significant improvement of the network towards a more sustainable observing system, with an increase in the observing capability and a reduction of operational costs. Consequently, EARLINET data have already been extensively used for many climatological studies, long-range transport events, Saharan dust outbreaks, plumes from volcanic eruptions, and for model evaluation and satellite data validation and integration. Future plans are aimed at continuous measurements and near-real-time data delivery in close cooperation with other ground-based networks, such as in the ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network) www.actris.net, and with the modeling and satellite community, linking the research community with the operational world, with the aim of establishing of the atmospheric part of the European component of the integrated global observing system.

Published
2014
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6. Quality assessment of water cycle parameters in REMO by radar-lidar synergy

Author

B. Hennemuth, A. Weiss, J. Bösenberg, D. Jacob, H. Linné, G. Peters, and S. Pfeifer

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A comparison study of water cycle parameters derived from ground-based remote-sensing instruments and from the regional model REMO is presented. Observational data sets were collected during three measuring campaigns in summer/autumn 2003 and 2004 at Richard Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg, Germany. The remote sensing instruments which were used are differential absorption lidar, Doppler lidar, ceilometer, cloud radar, and micro rain radar for the derivation of humidity profiles, ABL height, water vapour flux profiles, cloud parameters, and rain rate. Additionally, surface latent and sensible heat flux and soil moisture were measured. Error ranges and representativity of the data are discussed. For comparisons the regional model REMO was run for all measuring periods with a horizontal resolution of 18 km and 33 vertical levels. Parameter output was every hour. The measured data were transformed to the vertical model grid and averaged in time in order to better match with gridbox model values. The comparisons show that the atmospheric boundary layer is not adequately simulated, on most days it is too shallow and too moist. This is found to be caused by a wrong partitioning of energy at the surface, particularly a too large latent heat flux. The reason is obviously an overestimation of soil moisture during drying periods by the one-layer scheme in the model. The profiles of water vapour transport within the ABL appear to be realistically simulated. The comparison of cloud cover reveals an underestimation of low-level and mid-level clouds by the model, whereas the comparison of high-level clouds is hampered by the inability of the cloud radar to see cirrus clouds above 10 km. Simulated ABL clouds apparently have a too low cloud base, and the vertical extent is underestimated. The ice water content of clouds agree in model and observation whereas the liquid water content is unsufficiently derived from cloud radar reflectivity in the present study. Rain rates are similar, but the representativeness of both observations and grid box values is low.

Published
2008

7. Field campaign LINEX 96/1 — Possibilities of water vapor observation in the free atmosphere

Author

H. Steinhagen, S. Bakan, J. Bösenberg, H. Dier, D. Engelbart, J. Fischer, G. Gendt, U Görsdorf, J. Güldner, F. Jansen, V. Lehmann, U. Leiterer, J. Neisser, and Volker Wulfmeyer

Subjects
differential absorption lidar (dial), rawinsonde measurement, tethersonde measurement, bias, wasserdampf, differentieller absorptions-lidar (dial), Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

LINEX 96/1 was a field experiment to assess information content, accuracy, and availability for different remote sensing techniques measuring water vapor. An important goal of LINEX 96/1 was the test of a new Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) developed by the MPI für Meteorologie Hamburg. Comparisons of DIAL with rawinsonde and tethersonde measurements showed an excellent accuracy of the DIAL method in the determination of water vapor with high vertical and temporal resolution. The operation of the microwave radiometer WVR-1100 showed a high availability of water vapor and liquid water column content measurements except during rain. Microwave radiometers are reliable systems to measure the precipitable water vapor and liquid water content under unattended operational conditions with high accuracy and temporal resolution. Measurements of the water vapor column content by groundbased GPS receivers proved highly reliable. Comparisons with corresponding values of the microwave radiometer showed a bias less than 0.6 mm and a standard deviation less than 0.9 mm. The main problem of an operational use of this new information is that the evaluated data are not available in real-time because, at present, the data have to be postprocessed in a ground control center. During LINEX 96/1, possibilities for estimation of water vapor column content from sun and star photometer measurements were also demonstrated. The comparison of the precipitable water vapor content measurements of sun and star photometers, microwave radiometer, and rawinsondes RS 80 showed a good agreement. Unfortunately, the use of optical methods like sun and star photometers is restricted by cloudy conditions. The field campaign LINEX 96/1 was an important contribution to the COST Action 76 by investigation of the new possibilities measuring water vapor in the free atmosphere with the objective of improvements of our knowledge about the 4-dimensional water vapor field.

Published
1998
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8. Vertical aerosol distribution over Europe: statisical analysis of Raman lidar data from 10 European Aerosol Reseearch Lidar Network (EARLINET) stations

Author

Alexandros Papayannis, Dimitris Balis, Jens Bösenberg, Volker Matthias, Gelsomina Pappalardo, R. Eixmann, Marco Iarlori, Xuan Wang, L. Komguem, Ina Mattis, Maria Rita Perrone, V., Matthia, D., Bali, J., Bosenberg, R., Eixmann, M., Iarlori, L., Komguem, I., Matti, A., Papayanni, G., Pappalardo, Perrone, Maria Rita, and X., Wang

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, Planetary boundary layer, aerosol, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Troposphere, Altitude, atmospheric composition, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Aerosol, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Lidar, Ecology, EARLINET, Paleontology, Forestry, atmospheric aerosol, Albedo, Geophysics, Statistical analysis, Space and Planetary Science, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Raman lidar, Environmental science, Frequency distribution
Abstract

[1] Since 2000, regular lidar observations of the vertical aerosol distribution over Europe have been performed within the framework of EARLINET, the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network. A statistical analysis concerning the vertical distribution of the volume light extinction coefficients of particles derived from Raman lidar measurements at 10 EARLINET stations is presented here. The profiles were measured on a fixed schedule with up to two measurements per week; they typically covered the height range from 500 m to 6000 m above ground level (agl). The analysis is made for the planetary boundary layer (PBL) as well as for several fixed layers above ground. The results show typical values of the aerosol extinction coefficient and the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in different parts of Europe, with highest values in southeastern Europe and lowest values in the northwestern part. Annual cycles and cumulative frequency distributions are also presented. We found that higher aerosol optical depths in southern Europe compared to the northern part are mainly attributed to larger amounts of aerosol in higher altitudes. At 9 of the 10 sites the frequency distribution of the aerosol optical depth in the planetary boundary layer follows a lognormal distribution at the 95% significance level.

Published
2004

9. A European aerosol research lidar network to establish an aerosol climatology (EARLINET)

Author

Jacques Pelon, Volker Freudenthaler, Jens Bösenberg, Nicola Spinelli, Alexandros Papayannis, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Johannes Schneider, A. Hagard, P. Flamant, G. Visconti, Adolfo Comerón, Thomas Trickl, Bertrand Calpini, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Maria Rita Perrone, Christine Böckmann, Geraint Vaughan, D. P. Resendes, Valentin Mitev, Ina Mattis, Dimitrios Balis, J., Schneider, D., Bali, C., Bockmann, J., Bosemberg, B., Calpini, A. P., Chaikovsky, A., Cameron, P., Flamant, V., Freudenthaler, A., Hagard, I., Matti, Perrone, Maria Rita, A., Papayanni, G., Pappalardo, J., Pelon, M. R., Perrone, D. P., Resende, N., Spinelli, T., Trickl, G., Vaughan, G., Visconti, J., Bosenberg, A., Comeron, V., Mitev, Spinelli, Nicola, AND G., Visconti, Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik (IAP), Universität Rostock-Leibniz Association, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institut für Mathematik [Potsdam], Universität Potsdam, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics [Minsk], National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NASB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Meteorologisches Institut München (MIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Observatoire Cantonal de Neuchâtel (OCN), National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (IMAA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Potenza] (CNR), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (INFM), Università del Salento [Lecce], Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche [Naples], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Fraunhofer-Institut für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung, Department of Physics [Aberystwyth], Aberystwyth University, Dipartimento di Fisica [L'Aquila], Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Publica, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, and Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ)

Subjects
optical properties, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Mechanical Engineering, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Aerosol, 010309 optics, remote sensing, Lidar, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Remote sensing (archaeology), 0103 physical sciences, Environmental science, aerosol climatology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lidar, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

International audience

Published
2000

10. Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project 1 Instruments

Author

A. Hagard, I. Balin, A. Delaval, V. Matthais, Giorgos Chourdakis, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Adolfo Comerón, R. Eixmann, Dimitris Balis, Renaud Matthey, S. Kreipl, Volker Freudenthaler, J. A. Rodrigues, Xuan Wang, Vincenzo Rizi, L. Komguem, Aldo Amodeo, F. De Tomasi, Ulla Wandinger, Jens Bösenberg, V., Matthia, V., Freudentaler, A., Amodeo, I., Balin, D., Bali, J., Bosenberg, A., Chaikovsky, G., Chourdaki, A., Comeron, A., Delaval, DE TOMASI, Ferdinando, R., Eixmann, A., Hagard, L., Komguen, S., Kreipl, R., Matthey, V., Rizi, J. A., Rodrigue, U., Wandinger, and X., Wang

Subjects
Backscatter, Meteorology, aerosol, Planetary boundary layer, EARLINET, STRATOSPHERIC OZONE, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Raman lidar, BACKSCATTERING, RAMAN LIDAR, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Aerosol, EXTINCTION, Lidar, WATER-VAPOR, ITER, Ozone layer, Environmental science, Business and International Management, lidar, Water vapor, Atmospheric optics, Remote sensing
Abstract

In the framework of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Aerosol Climatology (EARLINET), 19 aerosol lidar systems from 11 European countries were compared. Aerosol extinction or backscatter coefficient profiles were measured by at least two systems for each comparison. Aerosol extinction coefficients were derived from Raman lidar measurements in the UV (351 or 355 nm), and aerosol backscatter profiles were calculated from pure elastic backscatter measurements at 351 or 355, 532, or 1064 nm. The results were compared for height ranges with high and low aerosol content. Some systems were additionally compared with sunphotometers and starphotometers. Predefined maximum deviations were used for quality control of the results. Lidar systems with results outside those limits could not meet the quality assurance criterion. The algorithms for deriving aerosol backscatter profiles from elastic lidar measurements were tested separately, and the results are described in Part 2 of this series of papers [Appl. Opt.43, 977–989 (2004)]. In the end, all systems were quality assured, although some had to be modified to improve their performance. Typical deviations between aerosol backscatter profiles were 10% in the planetary boundary layer and 0.1 × 10-6 m-1 sr-1 in the free troposphere.

Published
2004

11. Correction scheme for spectral broadening by Rayleigh scattering in differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor in the troposphere.

Author

Ansmann A and Bosenberg J

Abstract

An evaluation scheme is given to calculate the water vapor content from data obtained by differential absorption lidar (DIAL), taking into account that the Rayleigh scattered part of the return signal shows considerable spectral broadening in contrast to the Mie scattered part. To correct for errors caused by this effect, information on the aerosol backscattering properties is necessary. Sensitivity analysis performed by model calculations show that it can be retrieved with sufficient accuracy from the off-line signal in the same way as for backscatter lidar. It can be expected that water vapor retrieval will be possible with good accuracy even in the most critical cases, where steep gradients in aerosol backscattering exist in the upper troposphere.

Published
1987
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