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La presente investigación se centró en identificar los senderos productivos de la bioeconomía en la academia, empresa privada y fincas de productores. Se utilizó la metodología de sistematización de lecciones aprendidas según FAO. La data se organizó en el procesador de SPSS versión 22. En los resultados se identificaron los senderos productivos en los que trabajaron los investigadores de la UNAN-León, UNI, UNA y la UNAN Managua. Se logró identificar que las unidades de investigación de la UNAN-León, la UNA y La UNAN-Managua se vincularon fuertemente al sendero productivo de la bioeconomía Ecointensificación y Aplicaciones de Biotecnología. La UNI se vincula fuertemente al sendero Bio-refineria y Bio-producto. Las Cooperativas y empresas de la zona norte se vincularonn más a los senderos Riego y Eficiencia Energética, Incremento de la Eficiencia en la cadena de valor y Ecosistema de servicios. La biomasa que se muestro más representativa fue biomasa residual animal y vegetal (sólidos y líquidos). La tecnología más representativa fue la tecnología de los alimentos y la producción de bio insumos. Y los productos más representativos fueron Cereales, Jalea, encurtidos, jugos, néctares, salsas, vainilla, queso, quesillo, bebidas, etc. Alimento balanceado para peces, Bio insumos (Bioles, Bokashi, Fosfito, Lombris Humus, Cardo bordelés, Caldo sulfocálsico, Neem), Plántulas de tomate, chiltoma y repollo.

The laser ablation threshold is an important parameter that governs the response of materials to intense laser irradiation. Here we study the ablation threshold of liquid tin, by irradiating tin microdroplets with nanosecond laser pulses having finely controlled temporal shape and duration. We use the time-dependent reflection from the droplet as the main observable, which exhibits a sharp decrease in magnitude at a given time instance that depends on the laser intensity. This moment marks the generation of a plasma that strongly absorbs the following incident laser light, rapidly expands, and thereby sets in motion the remainder of the liquid droplet. We find an inverse-square dependence of this plasma-onset time on laser intensity and attribute this scaling to the presence of one-dimensional heat diffusion during irradiation. This scaling and its one-dimensional thermal origin is strongly established in literature and follows from a square-root scaling of the thermal diffusion depth with time. Our experiment unambiguously shows that this scaling law holds for our specific case of nanosecond laser impact on tin microdroplets. The results presented in this work are of particular interest to target preparation and metrology in extreme-ultraviolet sources utilizing tin microdroplet targets.

In Europe, the southernmost subspecies of salamandra is Salamandra salamandra longirostris, found in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. This subspecies, whose populations are currently in decline, has been proposed as a species due to its genetic differentiation and isolation by distance. In one survey at Fuente del Acebuche (Malaga, Spain), one of its most important breeding sites, we observed 67 adult individuals. These data represent a record density of this subspecies in the south of the Iberian Peninsula and are unique even for communities of Salamandra salamandra in the north.

Observations support the idea that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) power the emission at the center of active galaxies. However, contrary to stellar-mass BHs, there is a poor understanding of their origin and physical formation channel. In this article, we propose a new process of SMBH formation in the early Universe that is not associated with baryonic matter (massive stars) or primordial cosmology. In this novel approach, SMBH seeds originate from the gravitational collapse of fermionic dense dark matter (DM) cores that arise at the center of DM halos as they form. We show that such a DM formation channel can occur before star formation, leading to heavier BH seeds than standard baryonic channels. The SMBH seeds subsequently grow by accretion. We compute the evolution of the mass and angular momentum of the BH using a geodesic general relativistic disk accretion model. We show that these SMBH seeds grow to $\sim 10^9$-$10^{10} M_\odot$ in the first Gyr of the lifetime of the Universe without invoking unrealistic (or fine-tuned) accretion rates., 11 pages, 9 figures, 2 appendices. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Background The acute and long-term effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in individuals with GN are still unclear. To address this relevant issue, we created the International Registry of COVID-19 infection in GN.Methods We collected serial information on kidney-related and -unrelated outcomes from 125 GN patients (63 hospitalized and 62 outpatients) and 83 non-GN hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a median follow-up period of 6.4 (interquartile range 2.3–9.6) months after diagnosis. We used logistic regression for the analyses of clinical outcomes and linear mixed models for the longitudinal analyses of eGFR. All multiple regression models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor use.Results After adjustment for pre-COVID-19 eGFR and other confounders, mortality and AKI did not differ between GN patients and controls (adjusted odds ratio for AKI=1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 3.60; P=0.64). The main predictor of AKI was pre-COVID-19 eGFR (adjusted odds ratio per 1 SD unit decrease in eGFR=3.04; 95% CI, 1.76 to 5.28; PConclusions Pre-COVID-19 eGFR is the main risk factor for AKI regardless of GN diagnosis. However, GN patients are at higher risk of impaired eGFR recovery after COVID-19-associated AKI. These patients (especially those with high baseline proteinuria or a diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease) should be closely monitored not only during the acute phases of COVID-19 but also after its resolution.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with biologic and/or immunosuppressant drugs are at increased risk for opportunistic infections. Seroprevalence studies can confirm the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as the associated risk factors. This is a descriptive study which primary endpoints were to highlight the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of IBD patients in March 2021, and to analyze seroconversion in patients with known COVID-19 infection and its relationship with IBD treatments. Patients filled in a questionnaire about symptoms of COVID-19 infection and clinical information about their IBD. All included patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. 392 patients were included. Among patients with clinical infection, 69 patients (17,65%) were IgG-positive, 286 (73,15%) IgG-negative and 36 (9,21%) indeterminate. In relation to seroconversion among patients under biologic treatment, 13 patients of the 23 with a previous positive CRP developed antibodies (56.5%). However, when the influence of immunosuppressive treatment on the probability of developing antibodies was analyzed, no significant differences were seen between those patients with or without treatment (77.8% vs. 77.1%, p = 0.96). In our cohort of IBD patients, after one year of pandemic, there were 18.64% IgG positive patients, a higher prevalence than the general population (15.7%).

A política brasileira tem sido caracterizada por uma polarização ideológica e consequente radicalização dos indivíduos, tornando-se relevante a validação de instrumentos que possibilitem análises confiáveis sobre o comportamento político no país. Nesse sentido, este estudo apresenta as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Intenção ao Ativismo e Radicalismo para o contexto brasileiro. A pesquisa contou com 389 participantes. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória indicou uma representação bifatorial do fenômeno, corroborando a estrutura da versão original, com cargas fatoriais elevadas e sem evidência de itens com cargas cruzadas. A fidedignidade composta dos fatores, a medida de replicabilidade da estrutura fatorial e os índices de ajuste foram adequados. Com base nisso, conclui-se pela adequação do instrumento para o contexto brasileiro, ressalta a confiabilidade dos resultados de estudos anteriores, e permitirá o avanço na compreensão do radicalismo político no país.

An imaging neutral particle analyzer (INPA) has been installed in the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak to provide simultaneous measurements of the radial profile and the energy of the confined fast-ion (FI) population. The INPA diagnostic leverages the advantages of neutral particle analyzers (NPAs) and FI loss detectors (FILDs) by measuring charge exchange (CX) neutrals ionized by an ultrathin carbon foil is deflected into a scintillator by the local magnetic field. The design of this diagnostic has been developed under a series of constraints, such as the lack of space and hazardous environment (high level of neutron and gamma radiation), the need of high precision in the alignment of the nonsequential optical system (with six optical axes), and the optimization of the scintillator plate (signal emitter). To this end, a modular and adjustable design has been pursued with several degrees of freedom to ensure precise positioning during the installation and optical calibration. The induced electromagnetic and thermal stresses have been assessed and compared against the material limits of the detector, showing that no significant stress is expected for the system. The thermal analysis shows that the diagnostic scintillator can work efficiently during normal operation conditions. The CAD design, a comparison between the synthetic and real optical signals and the mechanical assessment [based on finite element analysis (FEA)], is presented in this contribution., 10.13039/100010663-European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Number: 805162) 10.13039/100014440-Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Grant Number: FPU19/02486)

A conceptual design of a scintillator-based fast-ion loss detector (FILD) has been developed for the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X). Simulations using the Monte Carlo codes ASCOT5 and BEAMS3D have been performed to calculate the expected flux of neutral beam injection (NBI)-generated fast hydrogen ions onto the conceptual detector probe head. These fast-ion loss fluxes have been calculated for several magnetic field configurations as well as probe insertion positions. At the maximum insertion position, both co- and counter-going losses with high incident pitch angles are observed; however, at retracted positions, only co-going fast ions reach the probe head. The FILDSIM code has been used to optimize the geometry of the detector entrance and collimating elements to achieve a wide velocity space coverage as well as a high velocity-space resolution. A synthetic FILD signal is calculated for the expected loss distribution via forward modeling using the instrument response function. The synthetic signal is found to largely retain the velocity space features of the loss distribution., EUROfusion Consortium 10.13039/100018708-European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Number: 101052200–EUROfusion) 10.13039/501100004837-Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant Number: FJC-2019-041092-I)

Background Given the low immunogenicity of ustekinumab (UST), it has been suggested that it is not necessary to add an immunomodulator (IMM). However, there is little scientific evidence on whether the efficacy of combined UST+IMM treatment may be greater than in monotherapy, due to the concomitant action of both drugs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the survival of UST treatment with and without concomitant IMM. Methods Patients with stable follow-up at Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid), with Crohn's disease (CD) and previous or current treatment with UST, since May 2016, were retrospectively included. Results A total of 137 patients were included. Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics. In 98 patients (71.53%) UST indication was induction of remission; in 22 (16.06%) post-surgical recurrence treatment; in 5 (3.65%) it was prescribed as post-surgical recurrence prophylaxis; and in the remaining 12 (8.76%) the indication was for other reasons. At the time of analysis, 91 (66.42%) patients were still on active treatment and 46 (33.58%) had discontinued treatment (of which 9 due to primary failure, 27 due to secondary loss of response, 9 due to adverse events, 1 due to remission). 89 patients (64.96%) did not receive concomitant IMM. Whilst, 48 (35.04%) received concomitant treatment with an IMM. The mean time of IMM treatment was 9.16 years (SD 6.76). UST treatment had a mean duration of 2.19 years (SD 1.35) in patients receiving concomitant IMM; while it was of 1.67 years (SD 1.02) in those who did not receive concomitant IMM; being this statistically significant (p=0.0124) (Figure 1). When performing a multivariate analysis by linear regression, the only variables that negatively influenced UST survival were age at diagnosis (Coef. -0.36; p=0.028), perianal disease (Coef. -0.29; p=0.198) and location rather than L1 (Coef. 0.2; p=0.072). However, concomitant IMM use had a positive influence (Coef. 0.45; p=0.032). Conclusion In our experience, the survival of ustekinumab is greater in combined treatment with immunosuppressant, being also the only independent variable associated with a greater durability of the drug.

We simulate the first minutes of the evolution of a binary-driven hypernova (BdHN) event, with a special focus on the associated accretion processes of supernova (SN) ejecta onto the newborn neutron star ($\nu$NS) and the NS companion. We calculate the rotational evolution of the $\nu$NS and the NS under the torques exerted by the accreted matter and the magnetic field. We take into account general relativistic effects and use realistic hypercritical accretion rates obtained from three-dimensional smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical simulations of the BdHN for a variety of orbital periods. We show that the rotation power of the $\nu$NS has a unique double-peak structure while that of the NS has a single peak. These peaks are of comparable intensity and can occur very close in time or even simultaneously depending on the orbital period and the initial angular momentum of the stars. We outline the consequences of the above features in the early emission and their consequent observation in long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review D

The aim of this study was to construct and investigate validity evidence for a measure of socioemotional skills for university students. Of the 60 items initially designed to represent six factors of the construct, 42 of them showed theoretical consistency. To analyze the structure of the instrument, exploratory factor analysis was carried out, based on the application of the instrument with 365 students. The analysis revealed six factors that presented groupings of items theoretically consistent with the definitions of the proposed hypothetical model: Self-Management of Emotions, Social Awareness, Responsible Decision-Making, Perseverance, Emotional Self-Awareness and Relationship Skills. The final structure, with 35 items, was able to explain 45.16% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed, based on the application of the instrument with 712 undergraduate students. The proposed structural model was confirmed, with adequate fit indices. Precision indices varied between .69 and .78. It is suggested that further studies investigate other types of validity evidence.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is unknown if hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI) and community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) convey a distinct prognosis. Methods: The study aim was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with both CA-AKI and HA-AKI. Consecutive patients hospitalized at a reference center for COVID-19 were included in this prospective cohort study. Results: We registered 349 (30%) AKI episodes in 1,170 hospitalized patients, 224 (19%) corresponded to CA-AKI, and 125 (11%) to HA-AKI. Compared to patients with HA-AKI, subjects with CA-AKI were older (61 years [IQR 49–70] vs. 50 years [IQR 43–61]), had more comorbidities (hypertension [44 vs. 26%], CKD [10 vs. 3%]), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (2 points [IQR 1–4] vs. 1 point [IQR 0–2]), and presented to the emergency department with more severe disease. Mortality rates were not different between CA-AKI and HA-AKI (119 [53%] vs. 63 [50%], p = 0.66). In multivariate analysis, CA-AKI was strongly associated to a history of CKD (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.53–11.3), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01–2.36), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.32), and SOFA score (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.87–2.57). HA-AKI was associated with the requirement for mechanical ventilation (OR 68.2, 95% CI 37.1–126), elevated troponin I (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.01–3.83), and glucose levels at admission (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08). Discussion/Conclusions: CA-AKI and HA-AKI portend an adverse prognosis in CO­VID-19. Nevertheless, CA-AKI was associated with a higher comorbidity burden (including CKD and hypertension), while HA-AKI occurred in younger patients by the time severe multiorgan disease developed.

The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on individuals with immune-mediated glomerulonephritis, who are often undergoing immunosuppressive treatments, are unknown. Therefore, we created the International Registry of COVID infection in glomerulonephritis (IRoc-GN) and identified 40 patients with glomerulonephritis and COVID-19 followed in centers in North America and Europe. Detailed information on glomerulonephritis diagnosis, kidney parameters, and baseline immunosuppression prior to infection were recorded, as well as clinical presentation, laboratory values, treatment, complications, and outcomes of COVID-19. This cohort was compared to 80 COVID-positive control cases from the general population without glomerulonephritis matched for the time of infection. The majority (70%) of the patients with glomerulonephritis and all the controls were hospitalized. Patients with glomerulonephritis had significantly higher mortality (15% vs. 5%, respectively) and acute kidney injury (39% vs. 14%) than controls, while the need for kidney replacement therapy was not statistically different between the two groups. Receiving immunosuppression or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors at presentation did not increase the risk of death or acute kidney injury in the glomerulonephritis cohort. In the cohort with glomerulonephritis, lower serum albumin at presentation and shorter duration of glomerular disease were associated with greater risk of acute kidney injury and need for kidney replacement therapy. No differences in outcomes occurred between patients with primary glomerulonephritis versus glomerulonephritis associated with a systemic autoimmune disease (lupus or vasculitis). Thus, due to the higher mortality and risk of acute kidney injury than in the general population without glomerulonephritis, patients with glomerulonephritis and COVID-19 should be carefully monitored, especially when they present with low serum albumin levels., Graphical abstract

Resumo Objetivou-se refletir sobre os desafios para a prática da Avaliação Psicológica mediada pelas Tecnologias de Informação e Desenvolvimento da Comunicação (TIDCs). Este trabalho teórico foi norteado por três pontos, a saber, as TIDCs como ferramentas que perpassam o funcionamento da sociedade; o aumento exponencial do uso e a regulamentação das TIDCs na prática da avaliação psicológica; e as limitações, potencialidades e possibilidades de ações para qualificar a prática mediada pelas TIDCs. Duas ações foram pensadas, sendo elas a importância de realizar uma pesquisa nacional com a categoria e a sociedade sobre a percepção do processo e dos resultados da avaliação psicológica por meio das TIDcs e a necessidade de repensar a formação básica e continuada das psicólogas para o desenvolvimento de competências que possibilitem uma prática ética, técnica, científica e crítica sobre a avaliação psicológica mediada pelas TIDCs. Abstract The objective of the present study was to reflect on the challenges for the practice of Psychological Assessment mediated by Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ITCD). This theoretical work was based on three points, i.e., ITCD as tools that permeate the functioning of society; the exponential increase in the use and regulation of ITCD in the practice of psychological assessment; and the limitations, potentialities, and possibilities for actions to qualify ITCD-mediated practice. Two actions were considered, i.e., the importance of conducting a national survey with psychologists and society about the perception of the process and the results of psychological assessment mediated by ITCD, and the need to rethink the basic and continuous training of psychologists for the development of competencies that enable an ethical, technical, scientific, and critical practice of Psychological Assessment mediated by ITCD. Resumen El objetivo fue reflexionar sobre los desafíos para la actuación en evaluación psicológica por intermedio de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs). El trabajo teórico estuvo guiado por tres ejes, siendo ellos: las TICs como herramientas que permean el funcionamiento de la sociedad; el gran aumento del uso y regulación de las TICs en la práctica de la evaluación psicológica; y las limitaciones, potencialidades y posibilidades de acciones para calificar la actuación mediada por las TICs. Se propusieron dos acciones, las cuales son la importancia de realizar una investigación nacional con los psicólogos y la sociedad sobre la percepción del proceso, y los resultados de la evaluación psicológica a través de las TICs, y la necesidad de repensar la formación básica y continua de los psicólogos para el desarrollo de competencias que permitan una actuación ética, científica y crítica sobre la evaluación psicológica por intermedio de las TICs.

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are systems of unprecedented complexity across all the electromagnetic spectrum, including the radio, optical, X-rays, gamma-rays in the megaelectronvolt (MeV) and gigaelectronvolt (GeV) regime, as well as ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), each manifested in seven specific physical processes with widely different characteristic evolution timescales ranging from $10^{-14}$ s to $10^{7}$ s or longer. We here study the long GRB 180720B originating from a binary system composed of a massive carbon-oxygen (CO) star of about $10 M_\odot$ and a companion neutron star (NS). The gravitational collapse of the CO star gives rise to a spinning newborn NS ($\nu$NS), with an initial period of $P_0=1$ ms that powers the synchrotron radiation in the radio, optical, and X-ray wavelengths. We here only investigate the GRB 180720B afterglows and present a detailed treatment of its origin based on the synchrotron radiation released by the interaction of the $\nu$NS and the SN ejecta. We show that in parallel to the X-ray afterglow, the spinning $\nu$NS also powers the optical and radio afterglows and allows us to infer the $\nu$NS and ejecta parameters that fit the observational data., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

Early post-liver transplant (LT) acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with worse short-term and long-term outcomes, but the incidence and risk factors in our population are unknown.We designed a prospective, singlecenter, longitudinal cohort study to determine the incidence of AKI during the immediate postoperative period of LT, and to identify the risk factors associated with AKI after LT. Pre-operative and intraoperative variables were analyzed to determine if there was any correlation with the development of post-operative AKI.Eighty-six patients were included in the final analysis; from them, 45 (52%) developed AKI in the following 30 days after LT. The presence of hepatic encephalopathy prior to LT was the factor most strongly associated with the development of AKI (Relative Risk 3.67, 95% Confidence Interval 1.08-8.95). Other factors associated with AKI development were male gender and a higher serum lactate during surgery.AKI was a frequent complication that significantly worsened the prognosis of LT recipients and was associated with an increased 30-day mortality rate. The presence of hepatic encephalopathy strongly predicted the development of severe AKI.

We show that the gravitomagnetic interaction of a Kerr black hole (BH) with a surrounding magnetic field induces an electric field that accelerates charged particles to ultra-relativistic energies in the vicinity of the BH. Along the BH rotation axis, these electrons/protons can reach energies of even thousands of PeV, so stellar-mass BHs in long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supermassive BHs in active galactic nuclei (AGN) can contribute to the ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) thorough this mechanism. At off-axis latitudes, the particles accelerate to energies of hundreds of GeV and emit synchrotron radiation at GeV energies. This process occurs within $60^\circ$ around the BH rotation axis, and due to the equatorial-symmetry, it forms a double-cone emission. We outline the theoretical framework describing these acceleration and radiation processes, how they extract the rotational energy of the Kerr BH and the consequences for the astrophysics of GRBs., Accepted for publication in the ApJ

Proceeding paper of the 4th European Conference on Plasma Diagnostics (ECPD2021) 7–11 June, 2021, A real-time control system is being developed for a magnetically driven Fast-Ion Loss Detector (FILD) at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. The insertion of the diagnostic head will be adjusted in real-time to react to changes in the graphite head temperature, plasma position and appearance of MHD instabilities. The graphite probe head of the detector is exposed to an intense heat flux (located ∼3–5 cm from separatrix). The control algorithm performance is constrained by: the graphite head sublimation temperature, the ultimate stress limit, the reaction time of the controller and the retraction time. In this work, the temperature and thermal induced stress distribution on the probe head are assessed to determine what temperature-related magnitude is the limiting factor. The heat flux at the probe head has been estimated using the time-averaged parallel heat flux measured at the divertor target via infrared thermography. A field line tracing algorithm determines which regions of the probe head receives a weighted heat flux due to shadowing (self-induced or from other structures) and the incidence angle of the field lines. A finite element model is used to simulate the temporal evolution of the graphite head temperature and to obtain the induced thermal stress. The temperature spatial distribution at the probe head is validated against measurements of the probe head for different FILD systems showing a good agreement. These measurements have been obtained from visible cameras with an infrared filter. The model concludes that the maximum stress (∼100 MPa) does not overcome the graphite mechanical limit (170 MPa) and that the probe head is not affected by fatigue. Therefore, the graphite sublimation temperature (2000 °C) is set as the limiting factor of the new control system., This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom Research and Training Programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633053.

The protein-energy wasting (PEW) syndrome is a common complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients associated to morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of PEW and its association with erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) score, body composition by impedance, health-related quality of life, and muscle strength.In this cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study, we included data from 191 HD patients from three HD clinics located in Mexico City, Mexico. Clinical and biochemistry variables, body composition, handgrip strength, and the KDQOL-SF36 questionnaire were collected for each patient.Prevalence of PEW was 22% (n = 41/191), with a higher frequency in those with diabetes mellitus (59% vs. 49%, p = 0.04). Subjects with PEW had lower hemoglobin levels (9.5 + 1.6 g/dl vs. 10.3 + 1.7 g/dl; p = 0.005) and higher ERI scores (19.2 ± 11.2 vs. 15.6 ± 8.2; p = 0.04) compared with the non-PEW group. In analysis of body composition, PEW was associated to higher overhydration status (42.2 vs. 24.9 OH/kg; p = 0.009), higher extracellular water (263 ± 40 vs. 246 ± 32 ml/kg; p = 0.019), lower lean tissue index (12.2 ± 3.2 vs. 14.1 ± 3.7 ml/mIn this study, PEW was associated to poor responsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, lower muscle strength, and higher overhydration status due to the increase in extracellular water which replaced the loss of tissue. Nevertheless, quality-of-life assessment was not different in patients with PEW compared with those without this complication.

In the binary-driven hypernova (BdHN) scenario, long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originate in a cataclysmic event that occurs in a binary system composed of a carbon-oxygen (CO) star and a neutron star (NS) companion in close orbit. The collapse of the CO star generates at its center a newborn NS ($\nu$NS), and a supernova (SN) explosion. Matter from the ejecta is accreted both onto the $\nu$NS because of fallback and onto the NS companion, leading to the collapse of the latter into a black hole (BH). Each of the ingredients of the above system leads to observable emission episodes in a GRB. In particular, the $\nu$NS is expected to show up (hereafter $\nu$NS-rise) in the early GRB emission, nearly contemporary or superimposed to the ultrarelativistic prompt emission (UPE) phase, but with a different spectral signature. Following the $\nu$NS-rise, the $\nu$NS powers the afterglow emission by injecting energy into the expanding ejecta leading to synchrotron radiation. We here show that the $\nu$NS-rise and the subsequent afterglow emission in both systems, GRB 180720B and GRB 190114C, are powered by the release of rotational energy of a Maclaurin spheroid, starting from the bifurcation point to the Jacobi ellipsoid sequence. This implies that the $\nu$NS evolves from a triaxial Jacobi configuration, prior to the $\nu$NS-rise, into the axially symmetric Maclaurin configuration observed in the GRB. The triaxial $\nu$NS configuration is short-lived (less than a second) due to a copious emission of gravitational waves, before the GRB emission, and it could be in principle detected for sources located at distances closer than $100$ Mpc. This appears to be a specific process of emission of gravitational waves in the BdHN I powering long GRBs., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review D