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Introduction Adherence to treatment for addictive disorders remains a clinical challenge. Despite detoxification admissions being scheduled and initiated voluntarily by the patient, several factors may contribute to treatment discontinuation.1 Understanding these factors will enable the development of specific interventions for a more effective approach.2 Objectives To identify and analyze the relationship between specific clinical factors and voluntary treatment discontinuation. Methods An observational and descriptive study was conducted using a retrospective database of 1146 patients admitted to the “Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron” Detoxification Unit between June 2008 and December 2019. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify individual associations between clinical factors and voluntary discharge. Subsequently, a multivariate analysis was performed to assess the combined influence of these factors while controlling for potential confounding variables. Results A total of 135 patients (11.8%) requested voluntary discharge. Significant differences were found between the voluntary discharge and non-voluntary discharge groups in patients with dual diagnosis (91.1% vs 80.9%, p

Introduction Suicidal behaviors are frequently observed among patients with substance use disorder, including suicidal ideation (SI) (1). Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most prevalent addictions and may be related to suicidal behaviors (2,3). However, the association between AUD and SI requires a deeper analysis which includes several clinical features observed among AUD patients. Objectives To analyze the clinical characteristics and features associated with lifetime SI among patients who had AUD. Methods This is a cross-sectional study performed in an outpatient center for addiction treatment in patients seeking treatment who met the criteria for AUD between 01/01/2010 and 12/31/2021. Patients were evaluated with an ad-hoc questionnaire and the European addiction severity index (EuropASI). SI was evaluated by using the item for SI in EuropASI. Results From a potential sample of n=3729 patients, only n=1082 (73.8% males; mean age 42.82±12.51) met inclusion criteria and had data for the current analysis. Lifetime SI was present in 50.9% of the AUD patients. Several clinical features were related to SI, including: sex differences, any type of lifetime abuse, polyconsumption, benzodiazepine use disorder, any psychiatric diagnosis aside of SUD, and higher addiction severity according to the EuropASI (See table) Image: Conclusions SI among AUD patients is related to several clinical features which indicate a higher addiction severity, more polyconsumption, and a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities. These findings may contribute to the understanding of suicidal behaviors in AUD patients but it is required further investigations, including longitudinal studies. REFERENCES 1. Rodríguez-Cintas L, et al. Factors associated with lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in outpatients with substance use disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2018;262:440-445. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.02 2. MacKillop J, et al. Hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):80. doi:10.1038/s41572-022-00406-1 3. Darvishi N, et al. Alcohol-related risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide: a meta-analysis [published correction appears in PLoS One. 2020;15(10):e0241874]. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126870. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126870 Disclosure of Interest R. Palma-Alvarez Speakers bureau of: RFPA has received speaker honorariums from Angelini, Cassen Recordati, Exeltis, Lundbeck, MSD, Rubió, Servier, and Takeda., A. Rios-Landeo: None Declared, G. Ortega-Hernandez Speakers bureau of: GOH has received speaker honorariums from Rubió., E. Ros-Cucurull Speakers bureau of: ERC has received speaker honorariums from Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Pfizer, Lilly, Servier, Rovi, Juste., C. Daigre: None Declared, M. Perea-Ortueta: None Declared, L. Grau-Lopez Speakers bureau of: LGL has received fees to give talks for Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Servier, Otsuka, and Pfizer., J. Ramos-Quiroga Speakers bureau of: JARQ has been on the speakers’ bureau and/or acted as consultant for Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Shire, Takeda, Bial, Shionogi, Sincrolab, Novartis, BMS, Medice, Rubió, Uriach and Raffo.

Abstract Background Medically serious suicide attempts (MSSA) represent a subgroup of clinically heterogeneous suicidal behaviours very close to deaths by suicide. A simple definition of an MSSA is a suicide attempt with life-threatening consequences, regardless of the severity of the attempter’s mental disorder. Few studies have specifically analysed the heterogeneity of MSSA. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the profile of individuals who made a highly severe MSSA and to compare those admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU) – including Burn Units– with other MSSA admitted to other medical and surgical units. Methods The study sample consisted of 168 patients consecutively admitted to non-psychiatric wards from two public hospitals in Barcelona after an MSSA during a 3-year period. In order to select more severe MSSA, the minimum hospital stay was expanded from Beautrais’ definition of ≥ 24 h to ≥ 48 h. Mean hospital stay was 23.68 (SD = 41.14) days. Patients needing ICU treatment (n = 99) were compared to other MSSArs (n = 69) that were admitted to other medical and surgical units, not requiring intensive care treatment, with an initial bivariant analysis followed by a logistic regression analysis using conditional entrance. Results Medically serious suicide attempters (MSSArs) spent more time hospitalized, more frequently reported recent stressful life events, were more likely to have at least one prior suicide attempt (SA) and their current attempt was more frequently non-planned, compared to the profile of MSSArs reported in previous studies. The most frequent method was medication overdose (67.3%) and jumping from heights (23.2%). Among those who chose more than one method (37.6%), the most frequent combination was medication overdose and drug use. Affective disorders and personality disorders were the most frequent diagnoses. Higher educational level, history of previous mental disorders and prior lifetime suicide attempts were significantly more frequent among those admitted to ICU compared to other MSSArs. Patients needing admission to ICU less frequently used self-poisoning and cuts. Conclusions MSSA needing ICU admission can be regarded clinically as similar to attempts resulting in suicide. More research on this type of highly severe suicide behaviour is needed due to its serious implications both from a clinical and public health perspective.

Introduction People living with obesity (PLWO) often experience ambivalence when starting their change process towards a healthier lifestyle. Psychological treatments for obesity should resolve this ambivalence and help PLWO to explore their own reasons for change in line with their needs and values, as well as promote self-efficacy. Following the Motivational Interviewing (MI) principles, the SOCRATES project proposes a “virtual self-conversation” to help PLWO to address some of the psychological aspects associated with obesity, such as the lack of awareness about their condition, the impact of the internalization of weight stigma, and the lack of self-efficacy. Objectives With the current longitudinal study, we aim to explore how the participants’ process of lifestyle change, and how their eating habits and dysfunctional eating patterns change before and after the virtual intervention. Methods Forty-eight patients with obesity from the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (Mean age = 19.7 years) were assigned to 3 groups. The Experimental Group 1 (EG1) (N = 21), after completing an intensive training on MI, received a virtual intervention using the “motivational self-conversation” technique. The Experimental Group 2 (EG2) (N = 17) underwent a virtual intervention with a pre-registered psychoeducational dialogue, and the Control Group (CG) (N = 10) followed treatment-as-usual. All participants completed self-reported questionnaires on their motivation to change lifestyle [(Readiness Rulers (RR), Processes of Change questionnaire in weight management (P-W)], eating habits (Habits questionnaire) and dysfunctional eating patterns (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-18) at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and 4 weeks follow-up (T2). Repeated measures ANOVA was performed for all the questionnaires. Results Statistically significant results were shown regarding motivation to change through the RR and the “evaluation of the consequences of their weight” subscale of P-W across time for the EG1 (p < .05). These results suggest that participants’ motivation to eat healthier and do more exercise, as well as self-awareness about the negative consequences of their condition increased after the virtual intervention. Conclusions The present study showed that this novel virtual intervention might be an effective tool in helping PLWO resolve their ambivalence to change lifestyle and acquire self-awareness about their condition. However, the intervention did not lead to significant changes in other psychological variables, such as lifestyle habits or dysfunctional eating patterns; domains that may be less sensitive to changes over the time, and which may take place once motivation is well-established. Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Introduction Rapid-acting therapies remain an unmet need in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and postpartum depression (PPD). Zuranolone (ZRN) is being evaluated as a once-daily, oral, 14-day treatment for adult patients with MDD and PPD. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy (assessed by Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS]) and safety of ZRN versus placebo across clinical studies with MDD and PPD. Methods In 5 completed Phase 2/3 placebo-controlled randomised studies of once-daily ZRN 30 or 50 mg in adults with MDD or PPD, improvement in depressive symptoms was assessed at Day 15 (end of 14-day treatment) by change from baseline in MADRS total score and the percentage of patients achieving MADRS response (≥ 50% improvement from baseline in total score) and remission (total score ≤ 10). Safety was assessed throughout. Results Patients in the ZRN arm achieved improvements in depressive symptoms, as assessed by MADRS. Improvements in MADRS total score at Day 15 were observed in all 5 studies and were nominally significant (p < 0.05) versus placebo in 4 studies (Fig. 1). Percentage of patients achieving response and/or remission in the ZRN arm was numerically greater than placebo in all MDD studies and significantly greater than placebo in the PPD studies (Fig. 2 and 3). ZRN was generally well tolerated with consistent safety and tolerability profiles across studies. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (≥5 % in ZRN treatment arm) were headache, somnolence, dizziness, nausea, sedation, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection, fatigue, and COVID-19. Image: Image 2: Image 3: Conclusions In the 5 completed clinical studies, rapid improvement in depressive symptoms assessed by MADRS was observed across studies of adults with MDD and PPD who received a 14-day treatment of once-daily ZRN. In all studies, ZRN was generally well tolerated. These data support further development of ZRN as a potential oral, rapid-acting treatment for patients with MDD or PPD. Funding The MDD-201B, MOUNTAIN, and ROBIN studies were sponsored by Sage Therapeutics, Inc.; the WATERFALL and SKYLARK studies were sponsored by Sage Therapeutics, Inc. and Biogen Inc. Medical writing and editorial support were provided by MediTech Media, Ltd, and funded by Sage Therapeutics, Inc. and Biogen Inc. Disclosure of InterestA. Clayton Shareolder of: Royalties from Ballantine Books/Random House, the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire, and Guilford Publications; and restricted stock in Euthymics, Mediflix LLC, and S1 Biopharma., Grant / Research support from: Daré Bioscience, Janssen, Otsuka, Praxis Precision Medicines, Relmada Therapeutics, Inc., and Sage Therapeutics, Inc, Consultant of: AbbVie, Inc., Brii Biosciences, Inc., Fabre-Kramer, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Mind Cure Health, Ovoca Bio plc, Praxis Precision Medicines, PureTech Health, Reunion Neuroscience (formerly Field Trip Health) S1 Biopharma, Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Takeda/Lundbeck, Vella Bioscience, Inc., and WCG MedAvante-ProPhase, K. Deligiannidis Shareolder of: Royalties from an NIH employee invention outside of the submitted work. , Grant / Research support from: Received grants from from NIH and Vorso Corporation. Grants awarded to Zucker Hillside Hospital/Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research during the conduct of the brexanolone injection and zuranolone clinical trials (Sage Therapeutics), Consultant of: Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Brii Biosciences, Inc., and GH Research Ireland Limited, J. A. Ramos-Quiroga Grant / Research support from: The Department of Mental Health chaired by him received unrestricted educational and research support from the following companies in the last 3 years: Janssen-Cilag, Shire, Oryzon, Roche, Psious, and Rubió. Dr Ramos-QuirogaReceived travel awards (air tickets + hotel) for taking part in psychiatric meetings from Janssen-Cilag, Rubió, Shire, Takeda, Shionogi, Bial, and Medice., Consultant of: Was on the speaker’s bureau and/or acted as consultant for Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Shire, Takeda, Bial, Shionogi, Sincrolab, Novartis, BMS, Medice, Technofarma, Rubió and Raffo in the last 3 years., Speakers bureau of: Was on the speaker’s bureau and/or acted as consultant for Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Shire, Takeda, Bial, Shionogi, Sincrolab, Novartis, BMS, Medice, Technofarma, Rubió and Raffo in the last 3 years., R. Lasser Shareolder of: May hold stock and/or stock options of Sage Therapeutics, Inc. , Employee of: Employee of Sage Therapeutics, Inc., A. Sankoh Shareolder of: May hold stock and/or stock options of Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Employee of: Employee of Sage Therapeutics, Inc. , B. Leclair Shareolder of: May hold stock of Biogen Inc., Employee of: Employee of Biogen Inc., M. Kotecha Shareolder of: May hold stock of Biogen Inc., Employee of: Employee of Biogen Inc., J. Doherty Shareolder of: May hold stock and/or stock options of Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Employee of: Employee of Sage Therapeutics, Inc.

BackgroundDeficits in psychosocial functioning are present in the early stages of psychosis. Several factors, such as premorbid adjustment, neurocognitive performance, and cognitive reserve (CR), potentially influence functionality. Sex differences are observed in individuals with psychosis in multiple domains. Nonetheless, few studies have explored the predictive factors of poor functioning according to sex in first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to explore sex differences, examine changes, and identify predictors of functioning according to sex after onset.Materials and methodsThe initial sample comprised 588 individuals. However, only adults with non-affective FEP (n = 247, 161 males and 86 females) and healthy controls (n = 224, 142 males and 82 females) were included. A comprehensive assessment including functional, neuropsychological, and clinical scales was performed at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. A linear regression model was used to determine the predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up.ResultsFEP improved their functionality at follow-up (67.4% of both males and females). In males, longer duration of untreated psychosis (β = 0.328, p = 0.003) and worse premorbid adjustment (β = 0.256, p = 0.023) were associated with impaired functioning at 2-year follow-up, while in females processing speed (β = 0.403, p = 0.003), executive function (β = 0.299, p = 0.020) and CR (β = −0.307, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with functioning.ConclusionOur data indicate that predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up in the FEP group differ according to sex. Therefore, treatment and preventative efforts may be adjusted taking sex into account. Males may benefit from functional remediation at early stages. Conversely, in females, early interventions centered on CR enhancement and cognitive rehabilitation may be recommended.

The hydrogeochemical characterization and water-rock interaction processes in the subbasins of Santa Catarina and Ocampo-Paraíso in the Zona Media of San Luis Potosí have allowed identifying the types of groundwater. The results of the chemical analysis and the regional geological study show the possible rock-water interaction mechanisms. These results indicate that the composition of the groundwater in each of these basins reflects the dissolution of the carbonate and magnesium minerals of the carbonate rocks of Cretaceous age (El Abra Formation), by rainwater, and of the groundwater through a granular medium with a strong influence of the material of volcanic origin. The Ca-HCO3, Ca-Mg-HCO3, water type are modified during the groundwater flow by incorporation of Na+ and SO42- ions. The San Nicolás (subbasin III) has covered by fluvial deposits in a climatic conditions of semiarid regions. The hydrogeochemical analysis of major ions, lithium and bromine allowed identifying that the extracted water from the region is a product of mixing process, involving three endmembers (ternary mixture). The first, Santa Catarina (C1), has the lowest concentrations of bromine and lithium and its recharge occur in the highest altitude land in the region, towards the Sierra de Álvarez. The second end member (C2), displays high values of bromine, low in lithium and originates towards the Ocampo Paraíso Valley. The third end member (C3), has low bromine concentrations, high in lithium, and comes from San Nicolás Tolentino area. The mixing percentages indicate that C1 contributes 50%, C2 gives 31% and C3 adds 19% water to the system. doi: https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2019.58.4.2056

Management of agricultural landscapes can influence the biodiversity and the ecological services provided by these ecosystems, such as natural biological pest control. Viticulture is a very important economic activity in most countries with Mediterranean climate, often shaping their landscapes and culture. Grape production is affected by a number of pests and diseases, and farmers use prophylactic and response-driven pesticides to control these pests. Here we quantified the main biotic causes of crop losses in four grape castes, two red (Touriga Nacional and Baga) and two white (Arinto and Chardonnay), and evaluated the potential effect of native biodiversity to provide biotic resistance to pest outbreaks and grape losses. Specifically, the diversity and abundance of bird and insect communities in these vineyards were quantified and divided into functional guilds (pest, neutral or auxiliary), to test whether these natural communities hold the potential to naturally control grape pests (biotic resistance hypothesis) under normal vineyard management (including pesticide application regimes). A potential association between distance to the vineyard edge and grape losses was also evaluated. We recorded a very small proportion of grape losses (mean = 0.6 %; max = 7.5 %), with insect pests showing a preference for the castes Baga (red) and Chardonnay (white), while bird pests avoided the caste Arinto (white). Grape color did not influence losses caused by insect pests, but birds showed a preference for red castes. The caste Baga was also more vulnerable to losses caused by fungi. Despite their low impact on grape production, most insects and birds detected in the six vineyards were pests, which entails a potentially low level of biotic resistance in this highly managed agricultural ecosystem. Further research is necessary to fully evaluate the role of functional biodiversity in vineyards, particularly if alternative production processes, such as organic farming, can increase the potential of native biodiversity to protect against grape losses from pests under lower regimes of chemical spraying.

While semiarid forests frequently colonize rocky substrates, knowledge is scarce on how roots garner resources in these extreme habitats. The Sierra San Miguelito Volcanic Complex in central Mexico exhibits shallow soils and impermeable rhyolitic-rock outcrops, which impede water movement and root placement beyond the soil matrix. However, rock fractures, exfoliated rocks and soil pockets potentially permit downward water percolation and root growth. With ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), two geophysical methods advocated by Jayawickreme et al. (2014) to advance root ecology, we advanced in the method development studying root and water distribution in shallow rocky soils and rock fractures in a semiarid forest. We calibrated geophysical images with in situ root measurements, and then extrapolated root distribution over larger areas. Using GPR shielded antennas, we identified both fine and coarse pine and oak roots from 0.6 to 7.5 cm diameter at different depths into either soil or rock fractures. We also detected, trees anchoring their trunks using coarse roots underneath rock outcroppings. With ERT, we tracked monthly changes in humidity at the soil–bedrock interface, which clearly explained spatial root distribution of both tree species. Geophysical methods have enormous potential in elucidating root ecology. More interdisciplinary research could advance our understanding in belowground ecological niche functions and their role in forest ecohydrology and productivity.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la rentabilidad económica de la producción de carne de ovino Katahdin x Pelibuey comparando diferentes tipos de alimentación. Los indicadores se obtuvieron de una unidad de producción con un sistema semi-intensivo tecnificado de estrato socioeconómico medio. Se utilizaron los registros productivos de ovinos en tres experimentos diferentes: a) pastoreo con suplementación, b) estabulación con una dieta integral de sacchasorgo y c) estabulación con alimento comercial. En cada tipo de alimentación se registró el consumo diario individual, y el peso de los corderos cada quince días. Para determinar la rentabilidad se utilizó la Matriz de Análisis de Política (map), donde los ingresos y los costos fueron evaluados a precios de mercado. En la producción de un kilogramo de carne, los insumos comerciables representaron mayor porcentaje en ovinos estabulados (90%) respecto de los ovinos en pastoreo (48%). El mayor costo correspondió a la alimentación en todos los casos. En estabulación, los factores internos representaron de 7 a 9% y los costos fijos cerca del 1%; mientras que en ovinos en pastoreo estos indicadores representaron el 38% y 14%, respectivamente. La rentabilidad privada fue de 132% en corderos en pastoreo, 4% en corderos alimentados con sacchasorgo, -11.70% en hembras alimentadas con sacchasorgo y -12.30% en los machos que recibieron alimento comercial. Se concluye que la producción de carne es rentable en corderos en pastoreo y en los machos alimentados con una dieta integral de sacchasorgo, ya que todos los indicadores resultaron positivos.

The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) problem has attracted the attention of many researchers, because it is convenient to obtain the maximum power of a photovoltaic module regardless of the weather conditions and the load. In this paper, a novel control for a boost DC/DC converter has been introduced. It is based on a sliding mode controller (SMC) that takes a current signal as reference instead of a voltage, which is generated by a neuronal reference current generator. That reference current indicates the current (IMPP) at the maximum power point (MPP) for given weather conditions. In order to test the designed control system, a photovoltaic module model based on a second artificial neuronal network (ANN) has been obtained from experimental data gathered during 18 months in the Faculty of Engineering Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). We have analyzed the performance of such model and we found that it is very accurate (MSE = 0.062 A and R = 0.991 with test dataset). We also have tested the performance of the overall SMC design with both simulated and real tests, concluding that it guarantees that the power in the output of the converter is very close to the power of the photovoltaic module output.

El objetivo del trabajo fue medir el rendimiento de la canal y la calidad de la carne de corderos alimentados con pasto, suplementados con caña de azúcar fermentada en forma aeróbica. Se llevó a cabo en dos sitios. Se trabajó con un grupo de 13 corderos de 11.5 kg de peso vivo inicial, estabulados y alimentados con pasto, suplementados con caña de azúcar fermentada en Cunduacán, Tabasco, y 24 corderos con 20 kg de peso vivo inicial, semiestabulado en pastoreo con pasto Estrella Africana, suplementados con caña de azúcar fermentada, en Huimanguillo, Tabasco. Se sacrificaron a un peso de 32 kg. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva. La ganancia diaria de peso fue de 109 y 85 g para el sistema Cunduacán y Huimanguillo, respectivamente. El peso y rendimiento de la canal en frío y caliente fue de 13.5 y de 14.14 kg, 42.04 y 43.09% y 40.28 y 41.45%, para el sistema Cunduacán y Huimanguillo, respectivamente. La relación entre el peso al sacrificio con el rendimiento de la canal tuvo correlación negativa de -0.41. Las piezas de mayor peso fueron, pierna, costilla/falda, lomo y paleta. La capacidad de retención de agua fue 12.78, 12.8, y elpH, 5.49 y 5.71, para el sistema Cunduacán y Huimanguillo, respectivamente. El color de la grasa fue blanco para las canales de ovinos, en ambos sitios. Se concluye que los corderos de pelo alimentados con pasto y caña fermentada producen canales con bajo rendimiento magro y con grasa de color blanca.

Se ha depositado polvo de acero de herramienta (H13) sobre diferentes sustratos de acero que se encuentran en estado metalúrgico diferente (recocido o de temple y revenido) para comparar los resultados y se ha analizado la microestructura del recubrimiento y de la zona afectada por el calor (ZAC) mediante microscopia óptica, microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) y difracción de electrones retrodispersados (EBSD). El objetivo del trabajo es relacionar los parámetros del proceso de recubrimiento por láser (potencia, velocidad, caudal de polvo) con las transformaciones metalúrgicas producidas en el acero de herramienta AISI D2, con el fin de optimizar las condiciones de operación durante la reparación. Los resultados muestran que los parámetros influyen en gran medida en la geometría del cordón y en la formación de la microestructura. Aunque es sencillo obtener deposiciones geométricamente aceptables (forma y tamaño adecuado, ausencia de porosidad), en muchos casos aparecen fenómenos perjudiciales como la dilución de carburos y la aparición de fases metaestables que modifican las propiedades mecánicas del recubrimiento. En concreto, la presencia de austenita retenida en el recubrimiento, relacionada con la temperatura máxima alcanzada y la velocidad de enfriamiento, produce una fuerte disminución en la dureza, que debe evitarse. Además, para una misma composición y acabado superficial, el estado metalúrgico inicial del sustrato tiene una gran influencia sobre el resultado. Sustratos en estado de temple implican una mayor absorción del láser y la acumulación de calor que produce mayores zonas afectadas por el calor (ZAC). Por ese motivo, deben optimizarse los parámetros del proceso para cada operación de manera que se mejore el comportamiento en servicio del componente.

Se condujo este trabajo con el objetivo de conocer la aceptación del forraje de caña de azúcar integral en la dieta con base de pasto para bovinos adultos fistulados en rumen y duodeno estabulados; para ello, se ofreció pasto estrella africana (Cynodon plectostachyus) y caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) mezclada con 1% de urea a voluntad, por separado. Se midió la composición de los alimentos, consumo de materia seca, pH ruminal y duodenal. Se utilizaron técnicas de la estadística descriptiva, como la media aritmética y error estándar. La proteína, paredes celulares y hemicelulosa fueron mayores para el pasto estrella. El consumo de MS fue de 46.6 y 38.1% para la caña de azúcar y el pasto, respectivamente; el pH ruminal tuvo valores de 7.3, disminuyendo a 6.7 a las 12 h.; y el pH de la digesta duodenal osciló de 3.7 a 4.7. Se concluye que hubo mayor aceptación por la caña de azúcar y el pH ruminal no indica valores que afecten la celulólisis ruminal.

El uso de los mapas de riesgo de contaminación acuífera ha resultado una herramienta muy importante en el diseño de redes de monitoreo para la calidad del agua subterránea. Se analizan tres escenarios en donde se han realizado mapas de riesgo a la contaminación de acuíferos como etapa inicial en el desarrollo de diseño de redes de monitoreo para la calidad del agua subterránea. En el primer caso se analiza el Valle de León. Su principal fuente potencial de contaminación es de tipo difusa y corresponde a la zona urbana de León, Guanajuato, donde se registran altos valores de vulnerabilidad e índices de contaminación. En el segundo caso se analiza el valle del rio Turbio, en el cual sobresalen como fuentes potenciales de contaminación el rio Turbio y una empresa relacionada con el procesamiento de cromo; estas fuentes son consideradas de tipo lineal y puntual, respectivamente. Los valores más altos de vulnerabilidad se registran en las zonas de recarga del acuífero, así como en algunas zonas dentro del valle. Los mayores índices de contaminación se observan en algunos segmentos en la intersección de la fuente potencial de contaminación y zonas con alto grado de vulnerabilidad. El tercer escenario se ubica en la regional sur de León, en el graben de Pénjamo Abasolo, el cual es atravesado por los ríos Turbio, Lerma y Guanajuato, considerados como fuentes lineales, así como algunas fuentes difusas como son zonas inundadas e irrigadas con aguas residuales. Los valores más altos de vulnerabilidad se registran en las principales zonas de recarga. En esta región los puntos críticos se presentan en la intersección de zonas altamente vulnerables y los ríos Turbio, Lerma y Guanajuato. En los tres escenarios se observó la conjugación de tres elementos como son zonas de alta vulnerabilidad, presencia de una fuente potencial de contaminación y altos índices de contaminación, que en con junto deben ser elementos importantes en el diseño de las redes de monitoreo para calidad del agua subterránea. doi: https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2004.43.4.847

La explosión demográfica, el desarrollo económico y el crecimiento de los grandes centros urbanos han tenido como consecuencia un incremento considerable de la producción de basura en el mundo. Su manejo y disposición final se encuentran en un punto crítico, siendo un asunto prioritario para respetar los requerimientos ambientales y de salud para la población. La falta de una metodología adecuada para la selección de sitios que reúnan condiciones de seguridad ambiental, sobre todo en campos volcánicos recientes y dinámicos, ha ocasionado la elección de sitios sumamente sensibles ala contaminación para la disposición de residuos sólidos municipales. Los requisitos de la normatividad mexicana vigente (NOM-083-ECOL 1996) quedan rebasados en la mayoría de los casos, debido a que no todos los elementos que se manejan se evalúan de una manera cuantitativa. En el presente trabajo se pretende demostrar la importancia, para la selección de sitios para rellenos sanitarios, de aplicar métodos enfocados ala evaluación de los niveles de vulnerabilidad de acuíferos (DRASTIC), incorporando a los mismos el uso de mapas morfométricos que reúnen los elementos de geología estructural, en regiones como el valle de Tangancícuaro, ubicado en la porción oriental del campo volcánico Michoacán-Guanajuato e influido por un ambiente tectónico activo representado por los grábenes de Chapala, Cotija y Penjamillo. doi: https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.2954436xe.2004.43.4.844

Three scenarios are analyzed where risk maps were developed as the initial stage in the design of groundwater quality monitoring networks. In the León Valley, the main potential source of contamination is a diffused source which corresponds to the urban area, where high vulnerability values and indexes of contamination have been recorded. In the river valley, the Turbio river and a chromium processing plant stand out as potential sources of contamination. These sources are considered to be of the linear and point source type, respectively. The highest vulnerability values exist in the recharge areas, as well as in some areas inside the valley. The highest contamination indexes are observed at the intersection of the potential source of contamination with areas of high vulnerability. The third scenario is located in the region south of León, in the Penjamo-Abasolo graben, which is crossed by the Turbio, Lerma and Guanajuato rivers. The rivers are considered linear sources, and occasionally diffused sources when the rivers are in flood or irrigated with wastewaters. The highest vulnerability values are found in the main recharge areas. In this region the critical points are located at the intersection of highly vulnerable areas with the Turbio, Lerma and Guanajuato rivers. In each of these three scenarios the combination of three assessment parameters — areas of high vulnerability, presence of a potential source of contamination, and high contamination indexes is presented as a first step in the design of groundwater quality monitoring networks.

Handling and disposal of garbage is a high-priority matter everywhere. The requirements of the Mexican standards for drinking water (NOM-083-ECOL-1996) have been exceeded in most cases. For an adequate site selection, this paper shows the importance of applying methods for on the evaluation of vulnerability levels of aquifers (DRASTIC), incorporating the use of morphometric maps of structural geology, in regions such as the Tangancícuaro valley, in the Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field and influenced by an active tectonic environment represented by the grabens of Chapala, Cotija and Penjamillo.

En el presente trabajo, sintesizamos y caracterizamos nanopartículas magnéticas de maghemita & gamma;-Fe2O3 útiles para aplicaciones biomédicas. En el proceso químico de co-precipitación, una solución precursora de magnetita fue oxidizada ajustando el pH=3.5 a 80℃ en un ambiente ácido. El diámetro de los granos de las nanopartículas obtenidas de maghemita fueron calculados de las mediciones TEM y muestran nanopartículas de menos de 12 nm de tamaño. Las curvas de magnetización FC y ZFC medidas a 1 kOe indican una temperatura de bloqueo de 95 K. La curva M-H revela una coercitividad de cero a temperatura ambiente. La función paramagnética de Langevin fue usada para ajustar la curva de histéresis a 300 K para estimar el diámetro de los granos en la nanomuestra.