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Inertial devices allow for obtaining a large amount of information related to external load during official competitions. The study aimed to analyse fatigue in different functional classification players of a Football 7-a-side for people with cerebral palsy or acquired brain injury team, considering the movements, speed changes and impacts during the 2020 Spanish National League matches (n = 12). The analyzed independent variables were the different functional classifications (FC) of the players, FC1, FC2 and FC3, and also time. Regarding the dependent variables, kinematic objective external load (displacements and speed changes), and neuromuscular objective external load (impacts) were considered. This study is an empirical investigation that follows an associative and descriptive analysis, ANOVA test, and a Bonferroni post hoc test (multiple comparisons) were carried out between the external load variables based on FC and time. The results show differences between FC1 for people with greater functional limitation to FC3, and athletes with less functional limitation depending on the time of the match. FC2 players presented greater competitive demands in specific moments of the match than FC3 athletes because of the requirements of the competition. Furthermore, evaluating different FC players with inertial devices in official competitions provides useful information regarding the demands of Fa7PC players, which is fundamental for daily training tasks management and injury risk prevention in Fa7PC. The large number of variables associated with inertial devices data collection during training sessions and official competitions in Fa7PC allows us to understand the demands of CP players, as well as how to make decisions during the games and training process, namely for reducing the injury risk.

El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar una revisión de la literatura relacionada con la actividad física como medio de inclusión para personas con Síndrome de Down. Para la búsqueda de referencias, se utilizó las siguientes palabras clave: Inclusion, Down Syndrome, y Physical Activity. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Web Of Science y SCOPUS. Para limitar la búsqueda, se establecieron cinco criterios de inclusión: i) Mencionar al menos alguna de las características de las personas con Síndrome de Down, ii) Utilizar la Actividad Física como herramienta de mejora de la calidad de vida iii) Seleccionar solamente artículos científicos, iiii) Disponibilidad del texto completo, y iiiii) Estar escrito en lengua inglesa. Se seleccionaron veintiún estudios, donde se extrajeron los datos de los artículos incluidos en la revisión. Los documentos abordan tópicos de investigación diferentes y han permitido conocer los principales beneficios de la actividad física para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con Síndrome de Down.

Se estudia un área de 118 ha correspondiente al Puerto de los Neveros, un collado de 2100 m de altura que se abre en la cuerda de Peñalara (Montes Carpetanos) entre las altas cuencas del Lozoya y del Eresma; dicho collado fue reconocido durante siglos como uno de los ámbitos mejor dotados de la Sierra de Guadarrama para para la acumulación y la permanencia de la nieve y también para la explotación de la misma. Con el objeto de avanzar en el conocimiento de la relación entre las modificaciones climáticas recientes y los cambios registrados en la cubierta vegetal de las áreas supraforestales del Sistema Central español se analiza, mediante la interpretación de sucesivas coberturas de fotografía aérea, la dinámica espacial de las formaciones que componen la cubierta vegetal del área y se aprecia la correlación de ésta con la evolución de los parámetros termométricos y nivométricos registrados en la cercana estación meteorológica de Puerto de Navacerrada a lo largo del período 1951-2006. El significativo valor de los coeficientes obtenidos permite afirmar que la cubierta vegetal del collado ha sido sensible a las variaciones climáticas acaecidas en dicho período, entre las que destacan el aumento de las temperaturas invernales, la reducción de los aportes nivales y el acortamiento del tiempo de permanencia de la nieve sobre el suelo, y ha respondido a ellas reduciendo la extensión de los ventisqueros, de los pastizales y de los matorrales abiertos y ampliando la superficie ocupada por matorrales densos.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between recent climate changes and observed changes in the plant cover in the supraforest areas of the Central Mountain Range in Spain. Two small adjacent basins (La Condesa and Valdemartin) were selected as research sites at high altitude near a long-established national weather station at Puerto de Navacerrada in Sierra de Guadarrama. Aerial photograph interpretation was used to detect changes in vegetation at the sites in 1957, 1972, 1984, 1991 and 1998, and the results showed a correlation among the 18 climate-related parameters for the period 1951-2000. High index values and a basic similarity in tendencies confirmed that the extension of the plant facies had changed in accordance with variations in temperature and snow cover. As are result, it was determined that plant cover was sensitive to climate changes that had occurred during the study period and had responded by reducing the extent of the snowfields, hydrophytic meadows and open scrublands while expanding the pychroxerophytic meadows and dense scrublands.

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Most of high-school students have typically lower assimilation of the basic concepts of physics in comparison with other subjects which are closer to their daily life. In addition, the technical language fairly used in physics lessons is far away from their common vocabulary, thus generating estrangement and lack of interest. The idea hereby proposed is trying to get high-school students closer to physics by integrating concepts of physics and technical language in their sport activities. In this work, an innovative experimental and demonstrative pedagogical methodology is described. The methodology is based on two main pillars: embracing concepts while playing and normalizing technical language during pleasant moments. The work provides several activities descriptions and procedures as well as suggestions of technical language, uses to physics and sports high-school teachers in order to achieve a better inclusion of physics in high-school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background/objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that affects movement and posture. Physical activity (PA) is safe and crucial for healthy development; however, this population faces barriers that hinder its implementation. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging and promising technology that promotes PA in young people with CP. This work aims to compile and analyze the current scientific literature on physical exercise (PE) programs using VR in children and adolescents with CP through a PRISMA systematic review., Methods: A systematic review was conducted and reported based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses) statement. The search was conducted through the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases on 1st September 2024. Studies based on PA interventions using VR in children and adolescents with CP were selected., Results: A total of 24 experimental research articles were selected for this review. The studies included comprise a total sample of 616 participants between 4 and 18 years old. The studies involved a diverse range of interventions, from brief sessions to intensive training. The results consistently demonstrated improvements in motor control, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and overall participation in daily activities., Conclusions: The results highlight that the use of VR for PE programs has numerous benefits such as increased enjoyment, facilitation of motor learning, and acquisition of functional skills. PE through VR in children and adolescents with CP represents a promising tool; more scientific and practical evidence is needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness.

Background: Recovery between efforts is critical to achieving optimal physical and sports performance. In this sense, many nutritional supplements that have been proven to improve recovery and physical and physiological performance are widely used. Supplements such as nitrates (NO 3 - ), including organic foods such as beets, promote muscle recovery and relieve fatigue. This study aimed to comprehensively summarise the available literature on the effect of NO 3 - consumption on exercise-related fatigue and muscle damage., Methods: A systematic search was carried out based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) using electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). From a total of 1634 studies identified, 15 studies were included in this review., Results: Based on the review, NO 3 - intake provokes physiological and metabolic responses that could potentially boost exercise-related recovery. NO 3 - could improve recovery indicators related to strength, pain, inflammation, and muscle damage., Conclusions: Despite the relative proven effectiveness of NO 3 - on recovery after aerobic and anaerobic efforts, based on the heterogeneity of the procedures (e.g., dosage, chronic vs. acute intake, participants' characteristics, variables and outcomes), it could be premature to suggest its extended use in sports.

Five-a-side football for blind people is the only adapted football modality present at the Paralympic games. Fa5 is a collaborative-opposition sport in which its participants play with no vision, which causes numerous impacts. At the London 2012 Paralympic Games, it was the sport with the highest incidence of sports injuries. The main objective of this work is to analyse the association between pain perception; spatio-temporal, mechanical, and metabolic workload with injuries; and wellness in players during an international Fa5 competition. The following variables, monitored during an International Fa5 Tournament, were analysed: general well-being, perception of pain and injuries, and the spatio-temporal and metabolic workload. The results show that the incidence of injuries increases as the tournament progresses, where injured players reported greater muscle pain and stress before the matches started. Besides, the players' internal and external load did not explain the incidence of injury. Still, the values obtained in the wellness questionnaire, the perception of pain, and stress suggested they contributed to the incidence of injury.

The evolution of functional classification (FT) is important for promoting competitive balance. Technological advances allow the objective monitoring of competitive demands that is required to manage and individualize workloads. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize external workload in all matches from the 2018/2019 season of the CPF7 Spanish National League and to compare demands based on the new FT (FT1, FT2 yFT3) in time-motion (locomotion and speed changes) and accelerometer-based workload (impacts). Statistical analysis was composed of one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc and omega partial squared effect size. Differences were found among all FT in total distance, running, high-intensity, sprinting, very high accelerations and decelerations (FT3> FT2> FT1; p < .01; ω p 2 = 0.29-to-0.43); and with respect to the highest functional limitation (FT3 = FT2> FT1) in maximum sprinting, moderate-high accelerations and decelerations, total impacts and at very-low intensity (ω p 2 = 0.13-to-0.29). In conclusion, FT3 players presented a physical advantage with respect to FT2-FT1 players in competition, especially in high-intensity actions that are crucial in team-sports performance. The present results facilitate designing specific training workloads according to FT, players' disability and competition demands, being the first approach to characterize match demands with inertial devices based on the new FT.

(1) Background: Data mining has turned essential when exploring a large amount of information in performance analysis in sports. This study aimed to select the most relevant variables influencing the external and internal load in top-elite 5-a-side soccer (Sa5) using a data mining model considering some contextual indicators as match result, body mass index (BMI), scoring rate and age. (2) Methods: A total of 50 top-elite visually impaired soccer players (age 30.86 ± 11.2 years, weight 77.64 ± 9.78 kg, height 178.48 ± 7.9 cm) were monitored using magnetic, angular and rate gyroscope (MARG) sensors during an international Sa5 congested fixture tournament.; (3) Results: Fifteen external and internal load variables were extracted from a total of 49 time-related and peak variables derived from the MARG sensors using a principal component analysis as the most used data mining technique. The principal component analysis (PCA) model explained 80% of total variance using seven principal components. In contrast, the first principal component of the match was defined by jumps, take off by 24.8% of the total variance. Blind players usually performed a higher number of accelerations per min when losing a match. Scoring players execute higher Distance Explosive and Distance 21-24 km/h . And the younger players presented higher HR AVG and Acc Max . (4) Conclusions: The influence of some contextual variables on external and internal load during top elite Sa5 official matches should be addressed by coaches, athletes, and medical staff. The PCA seems to be a useful statistical technique to select those relevant variables representing the team's external and internal load. Besides, as a data reduction method, PCA allows administrating individualized training loads considering those relevant variables defining team load behavior.