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1. Three-body QED test and fifth-force constraint from vibrations and rotations of HD^{+}

Author

M. Germann, S. Patra, J.-Ph. Karr, L. Hilico, V. I. Korobov, E. J. Salumbides, K. S. E. Eikema, W. Ubachs, and J. C. J. Koelemeij

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We present a parts-per-million test of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the HD^{+} molecular hydrogen ion, improving on previous tests based on vibrational and rotational transitions by factors of 76 and 1.4, respectively. The test is performed following a unified statistical approach that also produces improved constraints on physics beyond the standard model. We furthermore show how individual constraints derived from the various degrees of freedom in HD^{+} and antiprotonic helium can be combined to enhance the sensitivity, thus ruling out “fifth forces” on the Ångstrom scale that are 10^{11} times weaker than the electromagnetic interaction.

Published
2021
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3. Probing QED and fundamental constants through laser spectroscopy of vibrational transitions in HD+

Author

J. Biesheuvel, J.-Ph. Karr, L. Hilico, K. S. E. Eikema, W. Ubachs, and J. C. J. Koelemeij

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Molecular hydrogen ions, the simplest molecules in nature, constitute a benchmark system for tests of quantum electrodynamics in complex forms of matter. Here, the authors report on a laser spectroscopic frequency measurement of a transition in HD+in agreement with theory within 0.6 (1.1) part-per-billion.

Published
2016
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4. Proton-electron mass ratio from laser spectroscopy of HD+ at the part-per-trillion level

Author

M. Haidar, M. Germann, Wim Ubachs, Kjeld S. E. Eikema, Vladimir I. Korobov, Sayan Patra, F. M. J. Cozijn, Laurent Hilico, Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij, J.-Ph. Karr, Atoms, Molecules, Lasers, LaserLaB - Physics of Light, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics [Dubna] (BLTP), and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)

Subjects
Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Penning trap, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Atomic Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, 0103 physical sciences, ground state, Physics::Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, two-photon, Physics, Multidisciplinary, transition, Mass ratio, Quantum number, Proton-to-electron mass ratio, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], laser, Deuterium, frequency, hydrogen, mass ratio, ion, Atomic physics, Ground state
Abstract

A very precise ratio The value of the ratio of the masses of the proton and the electron has a bearing on the values of other physical constants. This ratio is known to a very high precision. Patra et al. improved this precision even further by measuring particular frequencies in the rovibrational spectrum of the hydrogen deuteride molecular ion (HD + ) (see the Perspective by Hori). To reach this high precision, the researchers placed the HD + molecules in an ion trap and surrounded them by beryllium ions. The cold beryllium ions then helped cool the HD + molecules, making the HD + spectral lines narrow enough that the proton-electron mass ratio could be extracted by comparison with theoretical predictions. Science , this issue p. 1238 ; see also p. 1160

Published
2020

5. Ro-vibrational spin-averaged transitions in the hydrogen molecular ions

Author

Vladimir I. Korobov, J.-Ph. Karr, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics [Dubna] (BLTP), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)

Subjects
Physics, Hydrogen, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Physics - Atomic Physics, Adiabatic theorem, Deuterium, chemistry, Polarizability, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Spin (physics)
Abstract

We reconsider the calculation of rovibrational transition frequencies in hydrogen molecular ions. Some previously neglected contributions, such as the deuteron polarizability, are included into consideration in comparison with our previous work. In particular, one-loop and two-loop QED corrections at $m\alpha^7$ and $m\alpha^8$ orders are recalculated in the framework of the adiabatic approximation, with systematic inclusion of corrections associated with vibrational motion. Improved theoretical transitions frequencies are obtained and found to be in very good agreement with recent high-precision spectroscopy experiments in HD$^+$. New values for the $m_p/m_e$ and $m_d/m_p$ mass ratios are determined., Comment: 7 pages main text with Supplemental Material, submitted to PRA

Published
2021

6. Three-body QED test and fifth-force constraint from vibrations and rotations of HD+

Author

Sayan Patra, J.-Ph. Karr, M. Germann, Wim Ubachs, K.S.E. Eikema, Vladimir I. Korobov, Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij, Laurent Hilico, Edcel J. Salumbides, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Atoms, Molecules, Lasers, LaserLaB - Physics of Light, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics [Dubna] (BLTP), and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)

Subjects
Physics, SDG 16 - Peace, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics beyond the Standard Model, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Fifth force, Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), Computer Science::Digital Libraries, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Justice and Strong Institutions, Ion, Constraint (information theory), Vibration, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, Antiprotonic helium
Abstract

International audience; We present a parts-per-million test of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the HD+ molecular hydrogen ion, improving on previous tests based on vibrational and rotational transitions by factors of 76 and 1.4, respectively. The test is performed following a unified statistical approach that also produces improved constraints on physics beyond the standard model. We furthermore show how individual constraints derived from the various degrees of freedom in HD+ and antiprotonic helium can be combined to enhance the sensitivity, thus ruling out “fifth forces” on the Ångstrom scale that are 1011 times weaker than the electromagnetic interaction.

Published
2021
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7. Nonrelativistic QED approach to the fine- and hyperfine-structure corrections of order mα6 and mα6(m/M) : Application to the hydrogen atom

Author

M. Haidar, Zhen-Xiang Zhong, J.-Ph. Karr, and Vladimir I. Korobov

Subjects
Physics, Basis (linear algebra), Order (ring theory), Hydrogen atom, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, Relativistic theory, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Molecule, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Hyperfine structure, Lagrangian
Abstract

The nonrelativistic QED (NRQED) approach is applied to the calculation of relativistic corrections to the fine and hyperfine structure of hydrogenlike atoms at orders $m{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{6}$ and $m{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{6}(m/M)$. Results are found to be in agreement with those of the relativistic theory. This confirms that the derived NRQED effective potentials are correct, providing a reliable basis for studies in more complex atoms or molecules. Furthermore, we verify the equivalence between different forms of the NRQED Lagrangian used in the literature. It is found that the gauge-invariant form derived according to the initial formulation of NRQED by Caswell and Lepage [Phys. Lett. B 167, 437 (1986)] yields a different set of effective potentials, which are simpler for numerical computations.

Published
2020

8. Proton-electron mass ratio from laser spectroscopy of HD

Author

Sayan, Patra, M, Germann, J-Ph, Karr, M, Haidar, L, Hilico, V I, Korobov, F M J, Cozijn, K S E, Eikema, W, Ubachs, and J C J, Koelemeij

Abstract

Recent mass measurements of light atomic nuclei in Penning traps have indicated possible inconsistencies in closely related physical constants such as the proton-electron and deuteron-proton mass ratios. These quantities also influence the predicted vibrational spectrum of the deuterated molecular hydrogen ion (HD

Published
2019

9. Proton-electron mass ratio from HD+ revisited

Author

Sayan Patra, M. Germann, J-Ph Karr, Laurent Hilico, Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij, Vladimir I. Korobov, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Atoms, Molecules, Lasers, LaserLaB - Physics of Light, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Lhomond) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Value (computer science), fundamental constants, Electron, Molecular spectroscopy, Dihydrogen cation, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Atomic Physics, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Sensitivity (control systems), SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, electron p: mass ratio, 010306 general physics, deuterium, Physics, oscillation: frequency, electron: mass, Mass ratio, Condensed Matter Physics, Proton-to-electron mass ratio, sensitivity, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Computational physics, hydrogen, molecular spectroscopy, hydrogen molecular ion
Abstract

International audience; We present a new derivation of the proton-electron mass ratio from the hydrogen molecular ion, HD$^+$. The derivation entails the adjustment of the mass ratio in highly precise theory so as to reproduce accurately measured ro-vibrational frequencies. This work is motivated by recent improvements of the theory, as well as the more accurate value of the electron mass in the recently published CODATA-14 set of fundamental constants, which justifies using it as input data in the adjustment, rather than the proton mass value as done in previous works. This leads to significantly different sensitivity coefficients and, consequently, a different value and larger uncertainty margin of the proton-electron mass ratio as obtained from HD$^+$.

Published
2018

10. High-precision spectroscopy of the HD+ molecule at the 1-p.p.b. level

Author

Kjeld S. E. Eikema, J. Ph. Karr, Wim Ubachs, Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij, J. Biesheuvel, Laurent Hilico, LaserLaB - Physics of Light, Atoms, Molecules, Lasers, Meschede, Dieter, Udem, Thomas, Esslinger, Tilman, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), and LaserLaB

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Overtone, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Physics and Astronomy(all), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics - Atomic Physics, Ion, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, 010306 general physics, Hyperfine structure, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Quantum Physics, General Engineering, Molecular orbital theory, Mass ratio, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Deuterium, Molecular vibration, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Recently we reported a high precision optical frequency measurement of the (v,L):(0,2)->(8,3) vibrational overtone transition in trapped deuterated molecular hydrogen (HD+) ions at 10 mK temperature. Achieving a resolution of 0.85 parts-per-billion (p.p.b.) we found the experimental value ($��_0= 383,407,177.38(41)$ MHz) to be in agreement with the value from molecular theory ($��_\text{th}=383,407,177.150(15)$ MHz) within 0.6(1.1) p.p.b. [Biesheuvel et al., Nat. Commun. 7, 10385 (2016)]. This enabled an improved test of molecular theory (including QED), new constraints on the size of possible effects due to 'new physics', and the first determination of the proton-electron mass ratio from a molecule. Here, we provide the details of the experimental procedure, spectral analysis, and the assessment of systematic frequency shifts. Our analysis focuses in particular on deviations of the HD+ velocity distribution from thermal (Gaussian) distributions under the influence of collisions with fast ions produced during (laser-induced) chemical reactions, as such deviations turn out to significantly shift the hyperfine-less vibrational frequency as inferred from the saturated and Doppler-broadened spectrum, which contains partly unresolved hyperfine structure., 22 pages, 20 figures

Published
2018

11. Fundamental Transitions and Ionization Energies of the Hydrogen Molecular Ions with Few ppt Uncertainty

Author

J.-Ph. Karr, Vladimir I. Korobov, Laurent Hilico, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))

Subjects
Physics, Hydrogen, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Order (ring theory), Fine-structure constant, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Ion, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Ionization energy, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We calculate ionization energies and fundamental vibrational transitions for H_{2}^{+}, D_{2}^{+}, and HD^{+} molecular ions. The nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics expansion for the energy in terms of the fine structure constant α is used. Previous calculations of orders mα^{6} and mα^{7} are improved by including second-order contributions due to the vibrational motion of nuclei. Furthermore, we evaluate the largest corrections at the order mα^{8}. That allows us to reduce the fractional uncertainty to the level of 7.6×10^{-12} for fundamental transitions and to 4.5×10^{-12} for the ionization energies.

Published
2017

12. One-loop vacuum polarization at mα7 and higher orders for three-body molecular systems

Author

Vladimir I. Korobov, Laurent Hilico, J.-Ph. Karr, Département de Physique et Modélisation (DPM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics [Dubna] (BLTP), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Quantum Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], hydrogen molecular ions, Molecular systems, Residual, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Physics - Atomic Physics, quantum three-body problem, Adiabatic theorem, Formalism (philosophy of mathematics), [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, vacuum polarization, quantum electrodynamics, Vacuum polarization, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

International audience; We present calculations of the one-loop vacuum polarization correction (Uehling potential) for the three-body problem in the NRQED formalism. The case of one-electron molecular systems is considered. Numerical results of the vacuum polarization contribution at mα7 and higher orders for the fundamental transitions (v = 0, L = 0) → (v ′ = 1, L ′ = 0) in the H2+ and HD+ molecular ions are presented and compared with calculations performed in the adiabatic approximation. The residual uncertainty from this contribution on the transition frequencies is shown to be of a few tens of Hz.

Published
2017

13. H2+ and HD+: Candidates for a molecular clock

Author

J. Ph. Karr

Subjects
Physics, Zeeman effect, Mass ratio, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Light Shift, Polarizability, Quadrupole, symbols, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Hyperfine structure
Abstract

We investigate the leading systematic effects in ro-vibrational spectroscopy of the molecular hydrogen ions H 2 + and HD + , in order to assess their potential for the realization of optical clocks that would be sensitive to possible variations of the proton-to-electron mass ratio. Both two-photon (2E1) and quadrupole (E2) transitions are considered. In view of the weakness of these transitions, most attention is devoted to the light shift induced by the probe laser, which we express as a function of the transition amplitude, differential dynamic polarizability and clock interrogation times. Transition amplitudes and dynamic polarizabilites including the effect of hyperfine structure are then calculated in a full three-body approach to get a precise evaluation of the light shift. Together with the quadrupole and Zeeman shifts that are obtained from previous works, these results provide a realistic estimate of the achievable accuracy. We show that the lightshift is the main limiting factor in the case of two-photon transitions, both in H 2 + and HD + , leading to expected accuracy levels close to 5 × 10 - 16 in the best cases. Quadrupole transitions have even more promising properties and may allow reaching or going beyond 1 × 10 - 16 .

Published
2014

14. Hydrogen molecular ions for improved determination of fundamental constants

Author

Vladimir I. Korobov, Laurent Hilico, Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij, J.-Ph. Karr, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LaserLaB, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics [Dubna] (BLTP), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LaserLaB - Physics of Light, and Atoms, Molecules, Lasers

Subjects
spectroscopy, Hydrogen, Proton, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Nuclear Theory, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, fundamental constants, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Physics - Atomic Physics, Rydberg constant, 0103 physical sciences, quantum electrodynamics, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, proton radius, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], hydrogen molecular ions, Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy, Proton-to-electron mass ratio, Deuterium, chemistry, Atomic physics, proton-to-electron mass ratio, 06.20.Jr 31.15.ac
Abstract

The possible use of high-resolution rovibrational spectroscopy of the hydrogen molecular ions H + 2 and HD + for an independent determination of several fundamental constants is analyzed. While these molecules had been proposed for metrology of nuclear-to-electron mass ratios, we show that they are also sensitive to the radii of the proton and deuteron and to the Rydberg constant at the level of the current discrepancies colloquially known as the proton size puzzle. The required level of accuracy, in the 10 --12 range, can be reached both by experiments, using Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy schemes, and by theoretical predictions. It is shown how the measurement of several well-chosen rovibrational transitions may shed new light on the proton-radius puzzle, provide an alternative accurate determination of the Rydberg constant, and yield new values of the proton-to-electron and deuteron-to-proton mass ratios with one order of magnitude higher precision.

Published
2016

15. Probing QED and fundamental constants through laser spectroscopy of vibrational transitions in HD

Author

Kjeld S. E. Eikema, Wim Ubachs, J.-Ph. Karr, Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij, J. Biesheuvel, Laurent Hilico, Atoms, Molecules, Lasers, and LaserLaB - Physics of Light

Subjects
Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Science, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Physics - Atomic Physics, law.invention, Ion, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Physics, Quantum Physics, Multidisciplinary, Hydrogen molecule, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation
Abstract

The simplest molecules in nature, molecular hydrogen ions in the form of H2+ and HD+, provide an important benchmark system for tests of quantum electrodynamics in complex forms of matter. Here, we report on such a test based on a frequency measurement of a vibrational overtone transition in HD+ by laser spectroscopy. We find that the theoretical and experimental frequencies are equal to within 0.6(1.1) parts per billion, which represents the most stringent test of molecular theory so far. Our measurement not only confirms the validity of high-order quantum electrodynamics in molecules, but also enables the long predicted determination of the proton-to-electron mass ratio from a molecular system, as well as improved constraints on hypothetical fifth forces and compactified higher dimensions at the molecular scale. With the perspective of comparisons between theory and experiment at the 0.01 part-per-billion level, our work demonstrates the potential of molecular hydrogen ions as a probe of fundamental physical constants and laws., Molecular hydrogen ions, the simplest molecules in nature, constitute a benchmark system for tests of quantum electrodynamics in complex forms of matter. Here, the authors report on a laser spectroscopic frequency measurement of a transition in HD+ in agreement with theory within 0.6 (1.1) part-per-billion.

Published
2016

16. Theoretical progress in the H2+ molecular ion: towards electron to proton mass ratio determinationThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010

Author

Laurent Hilico, Vladimir I. Korobov, and J.-Ph. Karr

Subjects
Physics, Polyatomic ion, General Physics and Astronomy, High resolution, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Mass ratio, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, Hyperfine structure
Abstract

High resolution ro-vibrational spectroscopy of H 2+ or HD+ can lead to a significantly improved determination of the electron to proton mass ratio me/mp if the theoretical determination of transition frequencies becomes sufficiently accurate. We report on recent theoretical progress in the description of the hyperfine structure of H 2+ , as well as first steps in the evaluation of radiative corrections at order mα7. Completion of the latter calculation should allow us to reach the projected 10−10 accuracy level and open the road to mass ratio determination.

Published
2011

17. One-loop vacuum polarization at mα7 order for the two-center problem

Author

Laurent Hilico, J.-Ph. Karr, Vladimir I. Korobov, Département de Physique et Modélisation (DPM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics [Dubna] (BLTP), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Formalism (philosophy of mathematics), [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, Physics::Atomic Physics, Vacuum polarization, Atomic physics, Antiprotonic helium, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Physics - Atomic Physics, 3. Good health
Abstract

We present calculations of the one-loop vacuum polarization contribution (Uehling potential) for the two-center problem in the NRQED formalism. The cases of hydrogen molecular ions ($Z_1=Z_2=1$) as well as antiprotonic helium ($Z_1=2$, $Z_2=-1$) are considered. Numerical results of the vacuum polarization contribution at $m\alpha^7$ order for the fundamental transitions $(v=0,L=0)\to(v'=1,L'=0)$ in H$_2^+$ and HD$^+$ are presented., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figues, submitted to PRA

Published
2014

18. Squeezed states and the quantum noise of light in semiconductor microcavities

Author

Gaëtan Messin, J.-Ph. Karr, Jean-Michel Courty, Hichem Eleuch, Elisabeth Giacobino, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karr, Jean-Philippe, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
semiconductor microcavities, squeezing, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), 010309 optics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Nonclassical light, strong-coupling regime, 010306 general physics, Quantum well, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Quantum optics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Scattering, Quantum limit, Quantum noise, quantum noise, Shot noise, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Condensed Matter Physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], polaritons
Abstract

10 pages; International audience; A theoretical investigation of the quantum noise in the light reflected by a microcavity containing a semiconductor quantum well is presented. Squeezing is predicted when scattering processes have a low efficiency. Exciton-phonon scattering is shown to destroy the non-classical effects and to yield excess noise in the output field.

Published
1999

19. Calculation of the relativistic Bethe logarithm in the two-center problem

Author

Laurent Hilico, Vladimir I. Korobov, J.-Ph. Karr, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics [Dubna] (BLTP), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique et Modélisation (DPM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Logarithm, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Order (ring theory), FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Bohr model, Physics - Atomic Physics, Bond length, symbols.namesake, Bethe formula, Quantum mechanics, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, symbols, Coulomb, 010306 general physics, Antiprotonic helium, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We present a variational approach to evaluate relativistic corrections of order \alpha^2 to the Bethe logarithm for the ground electronic state of the Coulomb two center problem. That allows to estimate the radiative contribution at m\alpha^7 order in molecular-like three-body systems such as hydrogen molecular ions H_2^+ and HD^+, or antiprotonic helium atoms. While we get 10 significant digits for the nonrelativistic Bethe logarithm, calculation of the relativistic corrections is much more involved especially for small values of bond length R. We were able to achieve a level of 3-4 significant digits starting from R=0.2 bohr, that will allow to reach 10^{-10} relative uncertainty on transition frequencies., Comment: 19 pages, 5 tables, 7 figures

Published
2013

20. Quantum information with semiconductor nanostructures

Author

J. Ph. Karr, Timothy Chi Hin Liew, R. Hivet, Alexey Kavokin, Romuald Houdré, Marco Romanelli, C. Adrados, Alberto Amo, Elisabeth Giacobino, Iacopo Carusotto, Simon Pigeon, Cristiano Ciuti, Alberto Bramati, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and International Conference on Quantum Information 2011

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Quantum fluid, medicine.medical_specialty, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, Quantum sensor, Physics::Optics, Quantum simulator, Quantum imaging, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quantum, Quantum technology, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Open quantum system, Semiconductor Nanostructures, Quantum nanoscience, medicine, Optoelectronics, Quantum information, business
Abstract

Integrated optoelectronic devices based on exciton-polaritons are very promising for quantum information, since they allow quantum optical effects as well as spin control and spin switching. Moreover the quantum fluid properties of exciton polaritons indicate that they are good candidates for quantum simulation. Published version

Published
2011

21. Two-mode squeezing in polariton four-wave mixing

Author

Marco Romanelli, C. Leyder, J. Ph. Karr, Alberto Bramati, Elisabeth Giacobino, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, Oscillation, Polaritons, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Intensity (physics), Four-wave mixing, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, Quantum fluctuations quantum noise and quantum jumps, Photonics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, business, Mixing (physics)
Abstract

International audience; We present an analytical model describing polariton four-wave mixing oscillation in semiconductor microcavities. The noise spectra of the intensity difference of the light emitted by the oscillating polariton modes are calculated. It is shown that the two-mode squeezing depends essentially on the ratio of the photonic to the excitonic fraction of the polariton modes. This ratio can be adjusted freely by changing the cavity-exciton detuning. A comparison with available experimental results indicates that a significant intensity difference squeezing can be expected for realistic experimental situations.

Published
2010

22. Precision measurements with non-laser-cooled trapped ions

Author

J. Ph. Karr, Département de Physique et Modélisation (DPM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
precision measurements, Penning trap, microwave clocks, fundamental constants, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Ion trapping, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ion, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, Laser cooling, 0103 physical sciences, linear rf trap, Physics::Atomic Physics, Paul trap, high-resolution mass spectrometry, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, g-factor measurements, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], ion trapping, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, metrology, second-order Doppler effect, linear multipole trap, Rotational spectroscopy, Atomic physics, Experimental methods, frequency standards
Abstract

20 pages; International audience; Ion trapping has been applied to many different kinds of high-precision measurements. While applications such as optical spectroscopy and optical frequency standards require laser cooling of the trapped ions, this tutorial review concentrates on how a very high precision can be obtained in experiments with non-laser-cooled ions. Two specific topics are addressed: the first one is ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry and $g$-factor measurements in Penning traps, and the second one is microwave spectroscopy on large ion ensembles in radiofrequency traps with applications to frequency standards. In both areas, the main motivations and basic experimental techniques are presented. Selected experimental results are described, highlighting the modern refinements of experimental methods which have allowed to reduce or eliminate the main systematic effects and improve the accuracy. Finally, future prospects are briefly discussed.

Published
2009

23. Relativistic corrections ofmα6(m∕M)order to the hyperfine structure of theH2+molecular ion

Author

Laurent Hilico, J.-Ph. Karr, and Vladimir I. Korobov

Subjects
Physics, Polyatomic ion, Order (ring theory), 02 engineering and technology, Rotational–vibrational spectroscopy, State (functional analysis), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Ion, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Hyperfine structure
Abstract

The $m{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{6}(m∕M)$-order corrections to the hyperfine splitting in the $\mathrm{H}_{2}{}^{+}$ ion are calculated. That allows a reduction of the uncertainty in the frequency intervals between hyperfine sublevels of a given rovibrational state to about $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ppm}$. The results are in good agreement with the high-precision experiment carried out by Jefferts [Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 1476 (1969)].

Published
2009

24. Precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen ions

Author

D. Bakalov, Stephan Schiller, J. Ph. Karr, Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij, Bernhard Roth, Vladimir I. Korobov, Laurent Hilico, Atoms, Molecules, Lasers, and LaserLaB - Physics of Light

Subjects
Physics, Hydrogen molecule, Infrared spectroscopy, Spectral line, Ion, Metrology, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Particle, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physics::Chemical Physics, Current (fluid), Atomic physics, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation
Abstract

We describe the current status of high-precision ab initio calculations of the spectra of molecular hydrogen ions (H2+ and HD+) and of two experiments for vibrational spectroscopy. The perspectives for a comparison between theory and experiment at a level of 1 part in 109 are considered.

Published
2008

25. Observation of the optical spin Hall effect

Author

Alberto Bramati, Timothy Chi Hin Liew, J. Ph. Karr, Mikhail M. Glazov, Elisabeth Giacobino, Alexey Kavokin, M. Romanelli, Guillaume Malpuech, C. Leyder, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique et Modélisation (DPM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), University of Southampton, Laboratoire des sciences et matériaux pour l'électronique et d'automatique (LASMEA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Spin pumping, Spintronics, Condensed matter physics, Spin polarization, Condensed Matter::Other, Dephasing, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, Spin engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Quantum spin Hall effect, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Spin Hall effect, Spinplasmonics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The spin Hall effect consists of the generation of a spin current perpendicular to the charge current flow. Thirty-five years after its prediction by Dyakonov and Perel'1, it is the focus of experimental and theoretical investigations and constitutes one of the most remarkable effects of spintronics. Owing to scattering and dephasing in electronic gases, it is difficult to observe and has only been demonstrated for the first time a few years ago2, 3, 4, 5. Recently, three of us have predicted the optical spin Hall effect6, which consists of a separation in real space and momentum space of spin-polarized exciton-polaritons generated by a laser in a semiconductor microcavity7. The separation takes place owing to a combination of elastic scattering of exciton-polaritons by structural disorder and an effective magnetic field coming from polarization splitting of the polariton states. The excitonic spin current is controlled by the linear polarization of the laser pump. Here, we report the first experimental evidence for this effect and demonstrate propagation of polariton spin currents over 100 mum in a high-quality GaAs/AlGaAs quantum microcavity. By rotating the polarization plane of the exciting light, we were able to switch the directions of the spin currents.

Published
2007

26. High-accuracy calculations in the H2+ molecular ion: towards a measurement of mp/me

Author

Franck Bielsa, Laurent Hilico, J.-Ph. Karr, Vladimir I. Korobov, Tristan Valenzuela, A Douillet, Département de Physique et Modélisation (DPM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics [Dubna] (BLTP), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Polyatomic ion, General Physics and Astronomy, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Proton-to-electron mass ratio, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum cascade laser, Excitation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We report on our recent advances in the calculation of the energy levels of the H+2 molecular ion, including relativistic and radiative corrections. These theoretical efforts are linked to the prospect of obtaining a new determination of the proton to electron mass ratio mp/me through precise vibrational spectroscopy of H+2. We describe the setup of our experiment, aiming at a measurement of the L = 2, υ = 0 → L = 2, υ = 1 two-photon transition at 9.166 μm using a phase-locked quantum cascade laser as excitation source.PACS Nos.: 31.15.Pf, 31.30.Jv, 32.10.Hq

Published
2007

27. Hyperfine structure in the hydrogen molecular ion

Author

Laurent Hilico, J.-Ph. Karr, Vladimir I. Korobov, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics [Dubna] (BLTP), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique et Modélisation (DPM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
hyperfine structure, Ab initio, variational methods, Dihydrogen cation, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Schrödinger equation, symbols.namesake, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Hyperfine structure, Physics, three-body quantum problem, Polyatomic ion, hydrogen molecular ions, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, symbols, Breit-Pauli hamiltonian, PACS numbers: 33.15.Pw, 31.15.Ar, 31.15.Pf, Atomic physics, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), two-photon transition probabilities
Abstract

The hyperfine splitting of energy levels in the ${{\mathrm{H}}_{2}}^{+}$ molecular ion is calculated within the framework of the spin-dependent part of the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian. This is the first ab initio calculation based on the precise variational solution of the three-body Schr\"odinger equation. It is shown that inclusion of the nuclear spin-spin tensor interaction, neglected in previous theoretical considerations, brings agreement with the most precise hyperfine transition measurements obtained by Jefferts to about $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$ for the lower-frequency intervals in the $5--100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$ range. Finally, we investigate the hyperfine structure of some transitions, candidates for high-precision two-photon spectroscopy.

Published
2006

28. Experimental evidence for correlated polaritonic emission from a semiconductor microcavity

Author

Alberto Bramati, Elisabeth Giacobino, J.-Ph. Karr, Charles Leyder, and Marco Romanelli

Subjects
Physics, Quantum optics, Photon, media_common.quotation_subject, Physics::Optics, Nonlinear optics, Asymmetry, Laser linewidth, Quantum mechanics, Polariton, Atomic physics, Quantum, Beam (structure), media_common
Abstract

In this contribution, a novel geometry is investigated that eliminates the asymmetry between the signal and idler fields,using a nonlinear process that produces signal and idler polaritons with opposite wave vectors, hence the same photon content and the same linewidth, which allows maximal correlations between the signal and idler beams. It is studied theoretically in the Heisenberg-Langevin formalism and is found that perfect quantum correlations can be achieved for the polariton fields. The experimental observation of such nonlinear process is reported. A correlation of about 0.6 between the beams emitted with opposite planar wave vectors us measured. The measured correlations are classical, meaning that the intensity difference between the signal and idler beam is not squeezed. However, these results are very promising in view of the generation of quantum correlated polariton modes.

Published
2006

29. Four wave mixing oscillation in a semiconductor microcavity: Generation of two correlated polariton populations

Author

J.-Ph. Karr, Alberto Bramati, M. Romanelli, Charles Leyder, Elisabeth Giacobino, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, Condensed matter physics, PACS numbers 71.35.Gg, 71.36.+c, 42.70.Nq, 42.50.-p, business.industry, semiconductor microcavity, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Four-wave mixing, Semiconductor, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, cavity polaritons, Polariton, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
Abstract

We demonstrate a novel kind of polariton four wave mixing oscillation. Two pump polaritons scatter towards final states that emit two beams of equal intensity, separated both spatially and in polarization with respect to the pumps. The measurement of the intensity fluctuations of the emitted light demonstrates that the final states are strongly correlated., 5 pages, 5 figures In this strongly revised version several new experimental data are added

Published
2005

30. Energy levels and two-photon transition probabilities in the HD+ ion

Author

Laurent Hilico, J. Ph. Karr, Senem Kılıç, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique et Modélisation (DPM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), ACI jeune, spectroscopie vibrationnelle à deux photons de H2+, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], ab initio calculations, Polyatomic ion, Born–Oppenheimer approximation, polarisability, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Diatomic molecule, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, symbols.namesake, HD+ molecular ion, Orders of magnitude (time), 0103 physical sciences, symbols, two-photon spectroscopy, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Wave function, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

13 pages; International audience; We present a fully exact non-relativistic calculation of the energies and wavefunctions of the J=1 states of the HD+ molecular ion. The energies are obtained with a very high accuracy of 10-14 au, representing for most levels, an improvement by several orders of magnitude over previous calculations. We compute the static polarisabilities of the J=0 states, which are in agreement with the literature, with an improved accuracy, as well as the two-photon transition probabilities and light shifts between J=0 states. Finally, we extend our study to transitions between higherJ states, using an approximate expression of the transition probability, and discuss the feasibility of a two-photon spectroscopy experiment in HD+.

Published
2005

31. Parametric oscillation in semiconductor microcavities : nonlinear and quantum effects

Author

J.-Ph. Karr, Alberto Bramati, M. Romanelli, Elisabeth Giacobino, A. Baas, Département de Physique et Modélisation (DPM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Condensed Matter Physics [Lausanne], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, Photon, 42.55.Px, 42.65.Yj, 71.36.+c, Quantum oscillations, Physics::Optics, Surfaces and Interfaces, Quantum Hall effect, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Optical bistability, 010309 optics, Coupling (physics), Quantum mechanics, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Polariton, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Quantum
Abstract

International audience; We report the observation of optical bistability in a semiconductor microcavity pumped at the "magic angle" above the parametric oscillation threshold. Experimental evidence is given in the form of a hysteresis cycle of the nonlinear emission as a function of the pump intensity. A model analogous to those developped for triply resonant Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPO) is in good agreement with the experimental findings. In the second part, we study the potential application of the parametric oscillation regime to quantum optics. The quantum correlations between the emitted "signal" and "idler" beams are computed. We show that very strong quantum correlations between the signal and idler polaritons can be achieved. However the quantum effects in the outgoing light fields are strongly reduced due to the large mismatch in the coupling of the signal and idler polaritons to the external photons.

Published
2005

32. Quantum degeneracy of microcavity polaritons

Author

A. Baas, M. Romanelli, Elisabeth Giacobino, Alberto Bramati, J.-Ph. Karr, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Quantum fluid, semiconductor microcavities, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, 71.36.+c, 42.50.-p, 02 engineering and technology, Exciton-polaritons, 01 natural sciences, Quantum state, correlations, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, transverse modes, Polariton, quantum optics, 010306 general physics, education, Quantum optics, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, education.field_of_study, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Macroscopic quantum phenomena, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, coherence, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, condensation, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0210 nano-technology, Quantum dissipation, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other), polaritons
Abstract

We investigate experimentally one of the main features of a quantum fluid constituted by exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity, that is, quantum degeneracy of a macroscopic fraction of the particles. We show that resonant pumping allows us to create a macroscopic population of polaritons in one quantum state. Furthermore, we demonstrate that parametric polariton scattering results in the transfer of a macroscopic population of polariton from one single quantum state into another one. Finally, we briefly outline a simple method which provides direct evidence of the first-order spatial coherence of the transferred population.

Published
2004

34. Squeezing in semiconductor microcavities in the strong-coupling regime

Author

Romuald Houdré, J.-Ph. Karr, A. Baas, and Elisabeth Giacobino

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, Web of science, business.industry, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Semiconductor, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, Strong coupling, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

Reference LOEQ-ARTICLE-2004-018View record in Web of Science Record created on 2007-08-31, modified on 2017-05-12

Published
2004

35. Optical bistability in semiconductor microcavities

Author

A. Baas, Elisabeth Giacobino, Hichem Eleuch, and J.-Ph. Karr

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum optics, Physics, Kerr effect, Bistability, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optical bistability, Polariton superfluid, Semiconductor, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum well
Abstract

We report the observation of polaritonic bistability in semiconductor microcavities in the strong-coupling regime. The origin of bistability is the polariton-polariton interaction, which gives rise to a Kerr-like nonlinearity. The experimental results are in good agreement with a simple model taking transverse effects into account.

Published
2004

36. Optical bistability in semiconductor microcavities in the nondegenerate parametric oscillation regime: analogy with the optical parametric oscillator

Author

Alberto Bramati, J.-Ph. Karr, A. Baas, M. Romanelli, Elisabeth Giacobino, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Optical parametric amplifier, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Optical bistability, Optical pumping, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Inflection point, Quantum mechanics, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), Polariton, Optical parametric oscillator, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We report the observation of optical bistability in a microcavity pumped at the "magic angle". Experimental evidence is given in the form of a hysteresis cycle of the nonlinear emission as a function of the pump intensity or the position of the excitation spot. The results can be well understood with simple theoretical considerations that underline the fundamental analogy between our system and an optical parametric oscillator., 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2004

37. Polariton Squeezing in Semiconductor Microcavities

Author

J.-Ph. Karr, A. Baas, Romuald Houdré, Elisabeth Giacobino, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photon, squeezing, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optical bistability, 010309 optics, Laser linewidth, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Optics, Homodyne detection, law, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, Quantum well, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), business.industry, Condensed Matter::Other, 71.35.Gg, 71.36.+c, 42.70.Nq, 42.50.-p, Single-mode optical fiber, Quantum Physics, Laser, Optoelectronics, polariton, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], business
Abstract

Measurements on the light going out of the cavity, i.e. the photon part of the polariton field are reported. Squeezing of the polariton field is then deduced. From the calculations made, the best squeezing rate is expected in the vicinity of a bistability turning point. The sample used in these experiments is a high finesse GaAs microcavity containing one InGaAs quantum well with low indium content, with a small angle between the two mirrors. The light source is a single-mode tunable cw Ti:sapphire laser with a linewidth of the order of 1 MHz. The laser beam is power-stabilized using an electro-optic modulator and spatially filtered by a 2 m-long single mode fiber. Noise measurement is achieved by homodyne detection. From the squeezing measured outside the cavity, a 9% squeezing of the polariton field is inferred. This result opens the way to the generation of nonclassical states of light and matter in semiconductor microcavities.

Published
2003

38. Twin polaritons in semiconductor microcavities

Author

Elisabeth Giacobino, A. Baas, J.-Ph. Karr, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photon, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Signal, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed matter physics, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Scattering, business.industry, 71.35.Gg, 71.36.+c, 42.70.Nq, 42.50.-p, Condensed Matter::Other, Semiconductor device, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor, Physics::Accelerator Physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The quantum correlations between the beams generated by polariton pair scattering in a semiconductor microcavity above the parametric oscillation threshold are computed analytically. The influence of various parameters, including the cavity-exciton detuning, the intensity mismatch between the signal and idler beams, and the amount of spurious noise, is analyzed. We show that very strong quantum correlations between the signal and idler polaritons can be achieved. However, the quantum effects in the outgoing light fields are strongly reduced due to the large mismatch in the coupling of the signal and idler polaritons to the external photons.

Published
2003
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40. Mélange à quatre ondes de polaritons dans une microcavité semiconductrice planaire en régime de couplage fort

Author

Elisabeth Giacobino, Alberto Bramati, J.-Ph. Karr, M. Romanelli, and Charles Leyder

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract

Nous presentons l'observation experimentale d'un nouveau type de melange a quatre ondes de polaritons. Ce processus produit des polaritons ayant des vecteurs d'onde transverses opposes. L'emission de ces polaritons presente des fortes correlations d'intensite. Le mecanisme mis en evidence est tres prometteur pour la generation d'etats non-classiques des champs de polaritons.

Published
2006

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