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In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that the previously found positive effects of self-adapted testing are attributable to examinees having an increased perception of control over a stressful testing situation. Examinees were randomly assigned to either (a) take a computerized-adaptive test (CAT), (b) take a self-adapted test (SAT), or (c) choose between taking a CAT or SAT. Results showed that the strongest preference for SAT was shown by examinees reporting high levels of math anxiety. Moreover, highly mathanxious examinees who were allowed to choose between the test types exhibited higher mean proficiency estimates than examinees who were assigned to test type.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anaerobic work capacity (AWC) and anaerobic capacity (AC) from the Critical Power (CP) and ‘Wingate’ tests, respectively. A secondary purpose was to determine the reliability of AWC and CP. Twenty-five females (mean±s.d. = 21·88±2·49 years) volunteered to perform a ‘Wingate’ test and two Critical Power tests all on separate days. Anaerobic capacity was defined as the total work performed during the 30-second ‘Wingate’ test. The relationship between work limit (total work to exhaustion) and time limit (total time to exhaustion), calculated for each of the three work bouts of the CP test, was linear (r 2 =0·98−1·00) for all of the subjects. The slope and Y intercept of this relationship represented CP and AWC, respectively. Anaerobic capacity and AWC were significantly (p 0·05) differences between the test-retest means for CP or AWC. Test-retest correlations for CP (r=0·94) a...

The work described in this paper demonstrates that the cellular binding of transforming growth factor beta, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor is reduced as cell density is increased. The reduction in transforming growth factor beta binding was observed in five different cell lines. Examination of several of the cell lines, under conditions where transforming growth factor beta binding is reduced, revealed that epidermal growth factor binding, platelet-derived growth factor binding, and fibroblast growth factor binding are also reduced. In the case of NRK-49F cells, the reduction in transforming growth factor beta binding results from a decrease in the number of high-affinity receptors and not from a change in receptor affinity. Similarly, it was determined that the reduction in epidermal growth factor binding is due to a selective reduction in the high-affinity receptors for epidermal growth factor. Overall, the data suggest that the effect of cell density on growth factor binding, which we refer to as density-induced down regulation of growth factor receptors, differs both from down regulation induced by a specific growth factor and from receptor transmodulation.