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1. A low-mass dark matter search using ionization signals in XENON100

Author

XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Bruenner, E. Brown S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Buss, A., Bütikofer, L., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Duchovni, E., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Galloway, M., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Calloch, M. Le, Levy, C., Linde, F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lyashenko, A., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., von Sivers, M., Wall, R., Wang, H., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We perform a low-mass dark matter search using an exposure of 30\,kg$\times$yr with the XENON100 detector. By dropping the requirement of a scintillation signal and using only the ionization signal to determine the interaction energy, we lowered the energy threshold for detection to 0.7\,keV for nuclear recoils. No dark matter detection can be claimed because a complete background model cannot be constructed without a primary scintillation signal. Instead, we compute an upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section under the assumption that every event passing our selection criteria could be a signal event. Using an energy interval from 0.7\,keV to 9.1\,keV, we derive a limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section that excludes WIMPs with a mass of 6\,GeV/$c^2$ above $1.4 \times 10^{-41}$\,cm$^2$ at 90\% confidence level., Comment: 6 pages; 7 figures; PRD. Additional file in source material, s2stot, contains the full list of events passing all selection cuts. Limit data points in TeX; Corrected LUX points used for comparison and respective reference in figure 5

Published
2016
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2. Physics reach of the XENON1T dark matter experiment

Author

The XENON collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Berger, T., Breur, P., Breskin, A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Galloway, M., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Hasterok, C., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Calloch, M. Le, Levy, C., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lyashenko, A., Macmullin, S., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Mayani, D., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., von Sivers, M., Wall, R., Wang, H., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The XENON1T experiment is currently in the commissioning phase at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. In this article we study the experiment's expected sensitivity to the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interaction cross section, based on Monte Carlo predictions of the electronic and nuclear recoil backgrounds. The total electronic recoil background in $1$ tonne fiducial volume and ($1$, $12$) keV electronic recoil equivalent energy region, before applying any selection to discriminate between electronic and nuclear recoils, is $(1.80 \pm 0.15) \cdot 10^{-4}$ ($\rm{kg} \cdot day \cdot keV)^{-1}$, mainly due to the decay of $^{222}\rm{Rn}$ daughters inside the xenon target. The nuclear recoil background in the corresponding nuclear recoil equivalent energy region ($4$, $50$) keV, is composed of $(0.6 \pm 0.1)$ ($\rm{t} \cdot y)^{-1}$ from radiogenic neutrons, $(1.8 \pm 0.3) \cdot 10^{-2}$ ($\rm{t} \cdot y)^{-1}$ from coherent scattering of neutrinos, and less than $0.01$ ($\rm{t} \cdot y)^{-1}$ from muon-induced neutrons. The sensitivity of XENON1T is calculated with the Profile Likelihood Ratio method, after converting the deposited energy of electronic and nuclear recoils into the scintillation and ionization signals seen in the detector. We take into account the systematic uncertainties on the photon and electron emission model, and on the estimation of the backgrounds, treated as nuisance parameters. The main contribution comes from the relative scintillation efficiency $\mathcal{L}_\mathrm{eff}$, which affects both the signal from WIMPs and the nuclear recoil backgrounds. After a $2$ y measurement in $1$ t fiducial volume, the sensitivity reaches a minimum cross section of $1.6 \cdot 10^{-47}$ cm$^2$ at m$_\chi$=$50$ GeV/$c^2$., Comment: 36 pages, 18 figures, published by JCAP

Published
2015
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3. Exclusion of Leptophilic Dark Matter Models using XENON100 Electronic Recoil Data

Author

The XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Arazi, L., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Auger, M., Balan, C., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Buetikofer, L., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Di Giovanni, A., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Levy, C., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lyashenko, A., Macmullin, S., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Paras, D. Mayani, Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Morana, G., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vitells, O., Wall, R., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Laboratory experiments searching for galactic dark matter particles scattering off nuclei have so far not been able to establish a discovery. We use data from the XENON100 experiment to search for dark matter interacting with electrons. With no evidence for a signal above the low background of our experiment, we exclude a variety of representative dark matter models that would induce electronic recoils. For axial-vector couplings to electrons, we exclude cross-sections above 6x10^(-35) cm^2 for particle masses of m_chi = 2 GeV/c^2. Independent of the dark matter halo, we exclude leptophilic models as explanation for the long-standing DAMA/LIBRA signal, such as couplings to electrons through axial-vector interactions at a 4.4 sigma confidence level, mirror dark matter at 3.6 sigma, and luminous dark matter at 4.6 sigma., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, with supporting online material

Published
2015
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4. Search for Event Rate Modulation in XENON100 Electronic Recoil Data

Author

The XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Anthony, M., Arazi, L., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Buetikofer, L., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Giovanni, A., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Hasterok, C., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Levy, C., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lyashenko, A., Macmullin, S., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Mayani, D., Meng, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez. Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Wall, R., Wang, H., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We have searched for periodic variations of the electronic recoil event rate in the (2-6) keV energy range recorded between February 2011 and March 2012 with the XENON100 detector, adding up to 224.6 live days in total. Following a detailed study to establish the stability of the detector and its background contributions during this run, we performed an un-binned profile likelihood analysis to identify any periodicity up to 500 days. We find a global significance of less than 1 sigma for all periods suggesting no statistically significant modulation in the data. While the local significance for an annual modulation is 2.8 sigma, the analysis of a multiple-scatter control sample and the phase of the modulation disfavor a dark matter interpretation. The DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation interpreted as a dark matter signature with axial-vector coupling of WIMPs to electrons is excluded at 4.8 sigma., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2015
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5. Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experiment

Author

Aprile, E., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Arazi, L., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Auger, M., Balan, C., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Buetikofer, L., Cardoso, J. M. R., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowksi, M. P., Di Giovanni, A., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fieguth, A., Fulgione, W., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Levy, C., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lyashenko, A., Macmullin, S., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Mayani, D., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Morana, G., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Vitells, O., Wall, R., Wang, H., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., and Laubenstein, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The low-background, VUV-sensitive 3-inch diameter photomultiplier tube R11410 has been developed by Hamamatsu for dark matter direct detection experiments using liquid xenon as the target material. We present the results from the joint effort between the XENON collaboration and the Hamamatsu company to produce a highly radio-pure photosensor (version R11410-21) for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. After introducing the photosensor and its components, we show the methods and results of the radioactive contamination measurements of the individual materials employed in the photomultiplier production. We then discuss the adopted strategies to reduce the radioactivity of the various PMT versions. Finally, we detail the results from screening 216 tubes with ultra-low background germanium detectors, as well as their implications for the expected electronic and nuclear recoil background of the XENON1T experiment., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

Published
2015
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6. Measurements of proportional scintillation and electron multiplication in liquid xenon using thin wires

Author

Aprile, E., Contreras, H., Goetzke, L. W., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Messina, M., Naganoma, J., Plante, G., Rizzo, A., Shagin, P., and Wall, R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Proportional scintillation in liquid xenon has a promising application in the field of direct dark matter detection, potentially allowing for simpler, more sensitive detectors. However, knowledge of the basic properties of the phenomenon as well as guidelines for its practical use are currently limited. We report here on measurements of proportional scintillation light emitted in liquid xenon around thin wires. The maximum proportional scintillation gain of $287^{+97}_{-75}$ photons per drift electron was obtained using 10 $\mu$m diameter gold plated tungsten wire. The thresholds for electron multiplication and proportional scintillation are measured as $725^{+48}_{-139}$ and $412^{+10}_{-133}$ kV/cm, respectively. The threshold for proportional scintillation is in good agreement with a previously published result, while the electron multiplication threshold represents a novel measurement. A complete set of parameters for the practical use of the electron multiplication and proportional scintillation processes in liquid xenon was also obtained for the first time.

Published
2014
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7. Conceptual design and simulation of a water Cherenkov muon veto for the XENON1T experiment

Author

Aprile, E., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Auger, M., Balan, C., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Breskin, A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Levy, C., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Lyashenko, A., MacMullin, S., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Paras, D. Mayani, Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Morana, G., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer., C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

XENON is a dark matter direct detection project, consisting of a time projection chamber (TPC) filled with liquid xenon as detection medium. The construction of the next generation detector, XENON1T, is presently taking place at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy. It aims at a sensitivity to spin-independent cross sections of $2 \cdot 10^{-47} ~ \mathrm{cm}^{\mathrm{2}}$ for WIMP masses around 50 GeV/c$^{2}$, which requires a background reduction by two orders of magnitude compared to XENON100, the current generation detector. An active system that is able to tag muons and muon-induced backgrounds is critical for this goal. A water Cherenkov detector of $\sim$10 m height and diameter has been therefore developed, equipped with 8 inch photomultipliers and cladded by a reflective foil. We present the design and optimization study for this detector, which has been carried out with a series of Monte Carlo simulations. The muon veto will reach very high detection efficiencies for muons ($>99.5%$) and showers of secondary particles from muon interactions in the rock ($>70%$). Similar efficiencies will be obtained for XENONnT, the upgrade of XENON1T, which will later improve the WIMP sensitivity by another order of magnitude. With the Cherenkov water shield studied here, the background from muon-induced neutrons in XENON1T is negligible.

Published
2014
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8. First Axion Results from the XENON100 Experiment

Author

The XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Auger, M., Balan, C., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Lellouch, D., Levy, C., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Lyashenko, A., Macmullin, S., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Paras, D. Mayani, Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present the first results of searches for axions and axion-like-particles with the XENON100 experiment. The axion-electron coupling constant, $g_{Ae}$, has been probed by exploiting the axio-electric effect in liquid xenon. A profile likelihood analysis of 224.6 live days $\times$ 34 kg exposure has shown no evidence for a signal. By rejecting $g_{Ae}$, larger than $7.7 \times 10^{-12}$ (90\% CL) in the solar axion search, we set the best limit to date on this coupling. In the frame of the DFSZ and KSVZ models, we exclude QCD axions heavier than 0.3 eV/c$^2$ and 80 eV/c$^2$, respectively. For axion-like-particles, under the assumption that they constitute the whole abundance of dark matter in our galaxy, we constrain $g_{Ae}$, to be lower than $1 \times 10^{-12}$ (90\% CL) for mass range from 1 to 40 keV/c$^2$, and set the best limit to date as well.

Published
2014
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9. Observation and applications of single-electron charge signals in the XENON100 experiment

Author

Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chen, W. -T., Choi, B., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Ghag, C., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Lamblin, J., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Levy, C., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Massoli, F. V., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Molinario, A., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The XENON100 dark matter experiment uses liquid xenon in a time projection chamber (TPC) to measure xenon nuclear recoils resulting from the scattering of dark matter Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). In this paper, we report the observation of single-electron charge signals which are not related to WIMP interactions. These signals, which show the excellent sensitivity of the detector to small charge signals, are explained as being due to the photoionization of impurities in the liquid xenon and of the metal components inside the TPC. They are used as a unique calibration source to characterize the detector. We explain how we can infer crucial parameters for the XENON100 experiment: the secondary-scintillation gain, the extraction yield from the liquid to the gas phase and the electron drift velocity., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

Published
2013
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10. The neutron background of the XENON100 dark matter experiment

Author

Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chen, W. -T., Choi, B., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Ghag, C., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Kaether, F., Kish, A., Lamblin, J., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Levy, C., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Massoli, F. V., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Molinario, A., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., ScottoLavina, L., Scovell, P. R., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tziaferi, E., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The XENON100 experiment, installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), aims to directly detect dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their elastic scattering off xenon nuclei. This paper presents a study on the nuclear recoil background of the experiment, taking into account neutron backgrounds from ($\alpha$,n) and spontaneous fission reactions due to natural radioactivity in the detector and shield materials, as well as muon-induced neutrons. Based on Monte Carlo simulations and using measured radioactive contaminations of all detector components, we predict the nuclear recoil backgrounds for the WIMP search results published by the XENON100 experiment in 2011 and 2012, 0.11$^{+0.08}_{-0.04}$ events and 0.17$^{+0.12}_{-0.07}$ events, respectively, and conclude that they do not limit the sensitivity of the experiment.

Published
2013
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11. Response of the XENON100 Dark Matter Detector to Nuclear Recoils

Author

The XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chen, W. -T., Choi, B., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Ghag, C., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Lamblin, J., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Levy, C., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Massoli, F. V., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Molinario, A., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Scovell, P. R., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Schuhmacher, H., and Wiegel, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Results from the nuclear recoil calibration of the XENON100 dark matter detector installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Italy are presented. Data from measurements with an external 241AmBe neutron source are compared with a detailed Monte Carlo simulation which is used to extract the energy dependent charge-yield Qy and relative scintillation efficiency Leff. A very good level of absolute spectral matching is achieved in both observable signal channels - scintillation S1 and ionization S2 - along with agreement in the 2-dimensional particle discrimination space. The results confirm the validity of the derived signal acceptance in earlier reported dark matter searches of the XENON100 experiment., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures. Matches version accepted by PRD. Contains revised representation of expected WIMP event signature. Conclusions remain unaffected

Published
2013
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12. Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections from 225 live days of XENON100 data

Author

XENON100 collaboration, Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chen, W. -T., Choi, B., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Ghag, C., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Kaether, F., Kish, A., Lamblin, J., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Lellouch, D., Levy, C., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Massoli, F. V., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Molinario, A., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Scovell, P. R., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present new experimental constraints on the elastic, spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross section using recent data from the XENON100 experiment, operated in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. An analysis of 224.6 live days x 34 kg of exposure acquired during 2011 and 2012 revealed no excess signal due to axial-vector WIMP interactions with 129-Xe and 131-Xe nuclei. This leads to the most stringent upper limits on WIMP-neutron cross sections for WIMP masses above 6 GeV, with a minimum cross section of 3.5 x 10^{-40} cm^2 at a WIMP mass of 45 GeV, at 90% confidence level., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; corrected caption of figure 3

Published
2013
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13. The distributed Slow Control System of the XENON100 Experiment

Author

Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, E., Bruno, G. M., Budnik, R., Calloch, M. Le, Cardoso, J. M., Chen, W. -T., Choi, B., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. -P., Decowski, M. P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., McKinsey, D. N., Kish, A., Lamblin, J., Lang, R. F., Levy, C., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Manzur, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Massoli, F. V., Mei, Y., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Molinario, A., Nativ, E., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Patricio, J. V., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Priel, N., Ribeiro, A. C. C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Scovell, P. R., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The XENON100 experiment, in operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy, was designed to search for evidence of dark matter interactions inside a volume of liquid xenon using a dual-phase time projection chamber. This paper describes the Slow Control System (SCS) of the experiment with emphasis on the distributed architecture as well as on its modular and expandable nature. The system software was designed according to the rules of Object-Oriented Programming and coded in Java, thus promoting code reusability and maximum flexibility during commissioning of the experiment. The SCS has been continuously monitoring the XENON100 detector since mid 2008, remotely recording hundreds of parameters on a few dozen instruments in real time, and setting emergency alarms for the most important variables., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures

Published
2012
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14. Measurement of the Scintillation Yield of Low-Energy Electrons in Liquid Xenon

Author

Aprile, E., Budnik, R., Choi, B., Contreras, H. A., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Koglin, J. E., Lang, R. F., Lim, K. E., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Persiani, R., Plante, G., and Rizzo, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We have measured the energy dependence of the liquid xenon (LXe) scintillation yield of electrons with energy between 2.1 and 120.2keV, using the Compton coincidence technique. A LXe scintillation detector with a very high light detection efficiency was irradiated with 137Cs {\gamma} rays and the energy of the Compton-scattered {\gamma} rays was measured with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector placed at different scattering angles. The excellent energy resolution of the HPGe detector allows the selection of events with Compton electrons of known energy in the LXe detector. We find that the scintillation yield initially increases as the electron energy decreases from 120 keV to about 60keV but then decreases by about 30% from 60keV to 2keV. The measured scintillation yield was also measured with conversion electrons from the 32.1 keV and 9.4 keV transitions of the 83mKr isomer, used as an internal calibration source. We find that the scintillation yield of the 32.1 keV transition is compatible with that obtained from the Compton coincidence measurement. On the other hand, the yield for the 9.4keV transition is much higher than that measured for a Compton electron of the same energy. We interpret the enhancement in the scintillation yield as due to the enhanced recombination rate in the presence of Xe ions left from the 32.1 keV transition, which precedes the 9.4 keV one by 220 ns, on average., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures

Published
2012
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15. Comment on 'On the subtleties of searching for dark matter with liquid xenon detectors'

Author

The XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, E., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chen, W. -T., Choi, B., Cline, D., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Ghag, C., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Kaether, F., Kish, A., Lamblin, J., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Levy, C., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Massoli, F. V., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Molinario, A., Nativ, E., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Scovell, P. R., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In a recent manuscript (arXiv:1208.5046) Peter Sorensen claims that XENON100's upper limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections for WIMP masses below 10 GeV "may be understated by one order of magnitude or more". Having performed a similar, though more detailed analysis prior to the submission of our new result (arXiv:1207.5988), we do not confirm these findings. We point out the rationale for not considering the described effect in our final analysis and list several potential problems with his study., Comment: 3 pages, no figures

Published
2012

16. Dark Matter Results from 225 Live Days of XENON100 Data

Author

XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, E., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chen, W. -T., Choi, B., Cline, D., Colijn, A. P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Ghag, C., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Kaether, F., Kettling, H., Kish, A., Lamblin, J., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Levy, C., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Massoli, F. V., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Molinario, A., Nativ, E., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Scovell, P. R., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on a search for particle dark matter with the XENON100 experiment, operated at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) for 13 months during 2011 and 2012. XENON100 features an ultra-low electromagnetic background of (5.3 \pm 0.6) \times 10^-3 events (kg day keVee)^-1 in the energy region of interest. A blind analysis of 224.6 live days \times 34 kg exposure has yielded no evidence for dark matter interactions. The two candidate events observed in the pre-defined nuclear recoil energy range of 6.6-30.5 keVnr are consistent with the background expectation of (1.0 \pm 0.2) events. A Profile Likelihood analysis using a 6.6-43.3 keVnr energy range sets the most stringent limit on the spin-independent elastic WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section for WIMP masses above 8 GeV/c^2, with a minimum of 2 \times 10^-45 cm^2 at 55 GeV/c^2 and 90% confidence level., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Matches version accepted by PRL. Includes limits up to 10 TeV/c^2, published as supplementary material: http://prl.aps.org/supplemental/PRL/v109/i18/e181301 Please cite high mass limits as "Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 181301 (2012), online supplementary material."

Published
2012
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17. Measurement of the Quantum Efficiency of Hamamatsu R8520 Photomultipliers at Liquid Xenon Temperature

Author

Aprile, E., Beck, M., Bokeloh, K., Budnik, R., Choi, B., Contreras, H. A., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Lang, R. F., Lim, K. E., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Plante, G., Rizzo, A., Shagin, P., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Vacuum ultraviolet light sensitive photomultiplier tubes directly coupled to liquid xenon are being used to efficiently detect the 178 nm scintillation light in a variety of liquid xenon based particle detectors. Good knowledge of the performance of these photomultipliers under cryogenic conditions is needed to properly characterize these detectors. Here, we report on measurements of the quantum efficiency of Hamamatsu R8520 photomultipliers, used in the XENON Dark Matter Experiments. The quantum efficiency measurements at room temperature agree with the values provided by Hamamatsu. At low temperatures, between 160K and 170K, the quantum efficiency increases by $\sim5-11$% relative to the room temperature values.

Published
2012
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18. Analysis of the XENON100 Dark Matter Search Data

Author

The XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, E., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chen, W. -T., Choi, B., Cline, D. B., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Kish, A., Lamblin, J., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Calloch, M. Le, Levy, C., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Massoli, F. V., Mei, Y., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Molinario, A., Nativ, E., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Scovell, P. R., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The XENON100 experiment, situated in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, aims at the direct detection of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), based on their interactions with xenon nuclei in an ultra low background dual-phase time projection chamber. This paper describes the general methods developed for the analysis of the XENON100 data. These methods have been used in the 100.9 and 224.6 live days science runs from which results on spin-independent elastic, spin-dependent elastic and inelastic WIMP-nucleon cross-sections have already been reported., Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures, information for the 224.6 live days run included

Published
2012
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19. The XENON100 Dark Matter Experiment

Author

XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Askin, A., Baudis, L., Behrens, A., Brown, E., Cardoso, J. M. R., Choi, B., Cline, D., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Giboni, K. L., Kish, A., Lam, C. W., Lang, R. F., Lim, K. E., Lopes, J. A. M., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Mei, Y., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Plante, G., Ribeiro, A. C. C., Santorelli, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Schumann, M., Shagin, P., Teymourian, A., Tziaferi, E., Wang, H., and Yamashita, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The XENON100 dark matter experiment uses liquid xenon (LXe) in a time projection chamber (TPC) to search for Xe nuclear recoils resulting from the scattering of dark matter Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). In this paper we present a detailed description of the detector design and present performance results, as established during the commissioning phase and during the first science runs. The active target of XENON100 contains 62 kg of LXe, surrounded by an LXe veto of 99 kg, both instrumented with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) operating inside the liquid or in Xe gas. The LXe target and veto are contained in a low-radioactivity stainless steel vessel, embedded in a passive radiation shield. The experiment is installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Italy and has recently published results from a 100 live-days dark matter search. The ultimate design goal of XENON100 is to achieve a spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section sensitivity of \sigma = 2x10^-45 cm^2 for a 100 GeV/c^2 WIMP., Comment: 23 pages, 27 figures; version accepted by journal

Published
2011
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20. Implications on Inelastic Dark Matter from 100 Live Days of XENON100 Data

Author

XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Askin, A., Baudis, L., Behrens, A., Bokeloh, K., Brown, E., Bruch, T., Bruno, G., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chen, W. -T., Choi, B., Cline, D., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Gao, F., Giboni, K. -L., Gross, E., Kish, A., Lam, C. W., Lamblin, J., Lang, R. F., Levy, C., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Mei, Y., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Ribeiro, A. C. C., Santorelli, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schumann, M., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The XENON100 experiment has recently completed a dark matter run with 100.9 live-days of data, taken from January to June 2010. Events in a 48kg fiducial volume in the energy range between 8.4 and 44.6 keVnr have been analyzed. A total of three events have been found in the predefined signal region, compatible with the background prediction of (1.8 \pm 0.6) events. Based on this analysis we present limits on the WIMP-nucleon cross section for inelastic dark matter. With the present data we are able to rule out the explanation for the observed DAMA/LIBRA modulation as being due to inelastic dark matter scattering off iodine at a 90% confidence level., Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures

Published
2011
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21. New Measurement of the Scintillation Efficiency of Low-Energy Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon

Author

Plante, G., Aprile, E., Budnik, R., Choi, B., Giboni, K. -L., Goetzke, L. W., Lang, R. F., Lim, K. E., and Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Particle detectors that use liquid xenon (LXe) as detection medium are among the leading technologies in the search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). A key enabling element has been the low-energy detection threshold for recoiling nuclei produced by the interaction of WIMPs in LXe targets. In these detectors, the nuclear recoil energy scale is based on the LXe scintillation signal and thus requires knowledge of the relative scintillation efficiency of nuclear recoils, Leff. The uncertainty in Leff at low energies is the largest systematic uncertainty in the reported results from LXe WIMP searches at low masses. In the context of the XENON Dark Matter project, a new LXe scintillation detector has been designed and built specifically for the measurement of Leff at low energies, with an emphasis on maximizing the scintillation light detection efficiency to obtain the lowest possible energy threshold. We report new measurements of Leff at low energies performed with this detector. Our results suggest a Leff which slowly decreases with energy, from 0.144 +/- 0.009 at 15 keV down to 0.088 +0.014 -0.015 at 3 keV., Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures

Published
2011
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22. Dark Matter Results from 100 Live Days of XENON100 Data

Author

XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Askin, A., Baudis, L., Behrens, A., Bokeloh, K., Brown, E., Bruch, T., Bruno, G., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chen, W. -T., Choi, B., Cline, D., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Gao, F., Giboni, K. -L., Gross, E., Kish, A., Lam, C. W., Lamblin, J., Lang, R. F., Levy, C., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Mei, Y., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Ribeiro, A. C. C., Santorelli, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Schumann, M., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present results from the direct search for dark matter with the XENON100 detector, installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN, Italy. XENON100 is a two-phase time projection chamber with a 62 kg liquid xenon target. Interaction vertex reconstruction in three dimensions with millimeter precision allows to select only the innermost 48 kg as ultra-low background fiducial target. In 100.9 live days of data, acquired between January and June 2010, no evidence for dark matter is found. Three candidate events were observed in a pre-defined signal region with an expected background of 1.8 +/- 0.6 events. This leads to the most stringent limit on dark matter interactions today, excluding spin-independent elastic WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections above 7.0x10^-45 cm^2 for a WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c^2 at 90% confidence level., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures; matches accepted version

Published
2011
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23. Material screening and selection for XENON100

Author

XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Askin, A., Baudis, L., Behrens, A., Bokeloh, K., Brown, E., Cardoso, J. M. R., Choi, B., Cline, D., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Giboni, K. L., Kish, A., Lam, C. W., Lamblin, J., Lang, R. F., Lim, K. E., Lopes, J. A. M., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Mei, Y., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Plante, G., Ribeiro, A. C. C, Santorelli, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Schumann, M., Shagin, P., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tziaferi, E., Wang, H., Weinheimer, C., Laubenstein, M., and Nisi, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Results of the extensive radioactivity screening campaign to identify materials for the construction of XENON100 are reported. This Dark Matter search experiment is operated underground at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Italy. Several ultra sensitive High Purity Germanium detectors (HPGe) have been used for gamma ray spectrometry. Mass spectrometry has been applied for a few low mass plastic samples. Detailed tables with the radioactive contaminations of all screened samples are presented, together with the implications for XENON100., Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure

Published
2011
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24. Likelihood Approach to the First Dark Matter Results from XENON100

Author

XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Askin, A., Baudis, L., Behrens, A., Bokeloh, K., Brown, E., Bruch, T., Cardoso, J. M. R., Choi, B., Cline, D., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Giboni, K. -L., Gross, E., Kish, A., Lam, C. W., Lamblin, J., Lang, R. F., Lim, K. E., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Mei, Y., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Plante, G., Ribeiro, A. C. C., Santorelli, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Schumann, M., Shagin, P., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tziaferi, E., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Many experiments that aim at the direct detection of Dark Matter are able to distinguish a dominant background from the expected feeble signals, based on some measured discrimination parameter. We develop a statistical model for such experiments using the Profile Likelihood ratio as a test statistic in a frequentist approach. We take data from calibrations as control measurements for signal and background, and the method allows the inclusion of data from Monte Carlo simulations. Systematic detector uncertainties, such as uncertainties in the energy scale, as well as astrophysical uncertainties, are included in the model. The statistical model can be used to either set an exclusion limit or to make a discovery claim, and the results are derived with a proper treatment of statistical and systematic uncertainties. We apply the model to the first data release of the XENON100 experiment, which allows to extract additional information from the data, and place stronger limits on the spin-independent elastic WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-section. In particular, we derive a single limit, including all relevant systematic uncertainties, with a minimum of 2.4x10^-44 cm^2 for WIMPs with a mass of 50 GeV/c^2., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, matches accepted version

Published
2011
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25. Study of the electromagnetic background in the XENON100 experiment

Author

XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Askin, A., Baudis, L., Behrens, A., Bokeloh, K., Brown, E., Cardoso, J. M. R., Choi, B., Cline, D., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Giboni, K. -L., Kish, A., Lam, C. W., Lamblin, J., Lang, R. F., Lim, K. E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Mei, Y., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Plante, G., Ribeiro, A. C. C., Santorelli, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Schumann, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tziaferi, E., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The XENON100 experiment, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), aims to directly detect dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their elastic scattering off xenon nuclei. We present a comprehensive study of the predicted electronic recoil background coming from radioactive decays inside the detector and shield materials, and intrinsic contamination. Based on GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations using a detailed geometry together with the measured radioactivity of all detector components, we predict an electronic recoil background in the WIMP-search energy range (0-100 keV) in the 30 kg fiducial mass of less than 10e-2 events/(kg-day-keV), consistent with the experiment's design goal. The predicted background spectrum is in very good agreement with the data taken during the commissioning of the detector, in Fall 2009., Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures The updated version of the paper takes into account the new measurement of $^{136}$Xe 2$\nu$ $\beta\beta$ decay by EXO-200, with a half-life of (2.11$\pm0.04\pm$0.021)$\times10^{21}$ years

Published
2011

26. First Dark Matter Results from the XENON100 Experiment

Author

The XENON100 Collaboration, Aprile, E., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Askin, A., Baudis, L., Behrens, A., Brown, E., Cardoso, J. M. R., Choi, B., Cline, D. B., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. D., Giboni, K. -L., Hugenberg, K., Kish, A., Lam, C. W., Lamblin, J., Lang, R. F., Lim, K. E., Lopes, J. A. M., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Mei, Y., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pantic, E., Plante, G., Ribeiro, A. C. C., Santorelli, R., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Schumann, M., Shagin, P., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tziaferi, E., Wang, H., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The XENON100 experiment, in operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, is designed to search for dark matter WIMPs scattering off 62 kg of liquid xenon in an ultra-low background dual-phase time projection chamber. In this letter, we present first dark matter results from the analysis of 11.17 live days of non-blind data, acquired in October and November 2009. In the selected fiducial target of 40 kg, and within the pre-defined signal region, we observe no events and hence exclude spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering cross-sections above 3.4 x 10^-44 cm^2 for 55 GeV/c^2 WIMPs at 90% confidence level. Below 20 GeV/c^2, this result constrains the interpretation of the CoGeNT and DAMA signals as being due to spin-independent, elastic, light mass WIMP interactions., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Matches published version

Published
2010
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27. A tool for calculating energy audits in water pressurized networks

Author

M.A. Pardoa, A.Riquelme, and J. Melgarejo

Subjects
energy audit, water pressurized networks, matlab, leakage, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

This paper presents a matlab-based educational software (UAenergy) developed to compute the energy audit of a water pressurized network. This analysis allows accounting for all the energy involved in the water distribution stage in the urban water cycle, showing that the energy balance is maintained —the energy input to the pressurized network is equal to the energy output plus the energy dissipated through friction. This energy audit requires a previous water balance and the hydraulic model of the network, both of which are necessary to know the energy flows through the system’s boundaries. Obtained results show the energetic effect of every element (pipelines, pumps, valves, etc.) in the water distribution and also the influence of water losses in a leaky network. This software can be used for students and practitioners in the water sector, and it is possible to identify the improvement actions that will make the system more efficient.

Published
2019
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28. Association of fatal and non-fatal adverse health outcomes with urinary peptides reflecting collagen I turnover

Author

J Melgarejo, D Wei, A Latosinska, T Vanassche, S Janssens, H Mischak, J A Staessen, P Verhamme, and Z Y Zhang

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background Imbalance of collagen I (COL1) turnover, featured by increased synthesis and decreased degradation of collagen fibers, is a hallmark of fibrosis in the heart and blood vessels that associates with poor cardiovascular outcomes. Such as imbalance of COL1 turnover could be reflected in urine and serve as fingerprint for future adverse outcomes in general population, and high risk subjects. Purpose We hypothesize that imbalance of proteomic signatures of urinary peptides (UPs) reflecting COL1 turnover relate to adverse health outcomes in participants from a general population Methods We randomly recruited 776 participants (51.2% women; 50.5 years) from the Flemish Study on Environment, Genes and Health Outcomes cohort and measured UPs proteome by capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. Our analyses focused on 148 peptides of COL1 alpha-1 (COL1A1) chain that retained ≥70% signal in the whole sample. The primary endpoint included fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular endpoints. Secondary endpoints consisted of total mortality, fatal and nonfatal cardiac, coronary, and heart failure endpoints. Multivariate Cox proportional models, partial least squares analysis (PLS), log-likelihood test, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were applied. Results Over a median follow up of 12.4 years, 110 primary endpoints occurred, 61 participants died, 81, 41 and 24 experienced cardiac, coronary, and heart failure endpoints; respectively. In PLS analyses, upregulation of UPs signatures closer to C- and N-terminal locations of the COL1A1 chain whereas downregulation of mid-region UPs were associated with lower risk of adverse health outcomes. This pattern was inverted in subjects with cardiovascular disease, as upregulation of terminal and downregulation of mid region UPs increased risk. Adding UPs to a basic model including sex, age and usual cardiovascular risk factors significantly improved model performance between 2.54% to 4.93% (P≤0.001) for prediction of adverse health outcomes. In ROC plots, adding UPs to the basic model increased the area under the curve up to 4.00% (P Conclusions UPs reflecting COL1 turnover predicted adverse health outcomes. The inverted up- and down regulations of UPs in between participants with and without previous cardiovascular diseases might be explained by a shift in the UPs signatures of COL1 fragments linked to distinct fibrotic processes. Urinary proteomic might have clinical importance in documenting the extent of collagen accumulation that relates to adverse health outcomes. In patients at high cardiovascular risk, modification of collagen I fibers turnover might be a potential treatment target Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): The European Union the European Research Council and the European Research Area Net for Cardiovascular Diseases.

Published
2022
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29. Atherogenic lipoprotein profile associated with anthropometric indices of obesity and their association with cardiometabolic risk markers: a cross-sectional study in community

Author

D Wei, J Melgarejo, T Vanassche, L Van Aelst, S Janssens, P Verhamme, J Redon, and Z Y Zhang

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background Obesity, especially abdominal fat accumulation, is strongly associated with various metabolic comorbidities. Whether simple anthropometric measures are independently associated with atherogenic lipoproteins is not completely clear. Methods We randomly recruited 505 participants (51.5% women; mean age: 48.8 years) from the Flemish community, who had undergone lipoprotein particle measurements by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and conventional lipid measurements. Each lipoprotein fraction was subgrouped into large, medium, and small subclass. Anthropometric measures included body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and defined BMI obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m2, and WHR obesity as WHR ≥0.85 (women) or 0.9 (men). Results In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, total very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle and its subclasses were positively associated with BMI obesity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for total VLDL: 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–3.31) and WHR obesity (OR for total VLDL: 2.06 [95% CI: 1.55–2.73]). The level of total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle and its subclass was negatively associated with BMI (OR for total HDL: 0.63 [95% CI: 0.45–0.90), but not with WHR (P≥0.11). None of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles was associated with the two types of obesity (P≥0.092). BMI was inversely associated with the size of LDL and HDL particles, whereas high WHR was significantly associated with smaller VLDL and HDL sizes. For conventional lipid measures, both BMI and WHR were independently associated with high triglyceride and remnant cholesterol, both mainly driven from VLDL particles, and low HDL cholesterol (P≤0.008). These associations were confirmed in multivariable linear regression analysis, except the association of BMI with HDL number and the association of WHR with HDL size. With partial least squares analysis, the lipoprotein profiles of BMI and WHR were significantly associated with a high 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score, the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and C-reactive protein. Conclusion BMI and WHR were independently associated with high triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, decreased HDL cholesterol. The size of LDL and HDL was more consistently associated with BMI than WHR. The lipoprotein alterations may link obesity with high cardiometabolic risk. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): The European Research Council; the European Research Area Net for Cardiovascular Diseases

Published
2022
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30. Intracranial carotid arteriosclerosis mediates the association between blood pressure and cerebral small vessel disease: the Rotterdam Study

Author

J Melgarejo, M W Vernooij, M A Ikram, Z Y Zhang, and D Bos

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background Cerebral arteriosclerosis could explain the physiopathological mechanisms linking high blood pressure (BP) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Objectives To test the hypothesis that ICAC mediates the association between BP and CSVD. Methods 1458 stroke-free participants from the Rotterdam Study underwent nonenhanced computed tomography to quantify ICAC and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans to assess CSVD. ICAC subtypes included atherosclerotic (intimal) and non-atherosclerotic internal elastic lamina (IEL) calcifications. We analyzed systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Mediation analysis included a two way decomposition to compute the natural direct effect (NDE), natural indirect effect (NIE) and percentage of mediation (%) of ICAC on the association between BP and CSVD. Results The study population had a mean age of 68.0 years old, and 52% (n=758) of the participants were women. In analyses including participants with predominantly IEL calcification, we observed that larger log-ICAC volume was positively related to a higher pulse pressure (β=0.020; P Conclusions ICAC mediated the association between BP and CSVD. Non-atherosclerotic IEL calcification, considered a proxy of arterial stiffness, was the main physiopathological mechanism explaining how BP links to CSVD due to cerebral arteriosclerosis. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Published
2022
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34. Erratum: Low-mass dark matter search using ionization signals in XENON100 [Phys. Rev. D 94 , 092001 (2016)]

Author

Y. Meng, P. de Perio, D. Cichon, U. Oberlack, T. Berger, S. Rosendahl, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, J. Pienaar, K. Micheneau, Jelle Aalbers, D. Franco, P. A. Breur, B. Kaminsky, Elena Aprile, G. Sartorelli, Michelle Galloway, C. Grignon, April S. Brown, M. P. Decowski, A. Manfredini, R. Itay, B. Miguez, Manfred Lindner, Jochen Schreiner, P. Shagin, Hulin Wang, Laura Baudis, Matthew Anthony, M. Cervantes, D. Thers, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Ethan Brown, A. Tiseni, C. Hasterok, A. Kish, M. Weber, Yuehuan Wei, D. Mayani, F. D. Amaro, A. Buss, E. Hogenbirk, L. Scotto Lavina, F. Arneodo, M. Le Calloch, Hardy Simgen, Lorne Levinson, R. Persiani, Guillaume Plante, A. D. Ferella, G. Kessler, P. Barrow, C. Weinheimer, C. Reuter, Z. Greene, Giacomo Bruno, M. Selvi, A. Fieguth, D. Coderre, S. Schindler, Boris Bauermeister, R. Wall, Luke Goetzke, S. E. A. Orrigo, E. K. U. Gross, C. Geis, A. Rizzo, P. Di Gangi, L. Rauch, N. Rupp, M. Scheibelhut, João Cardoso, S. Bruenner, J. Wulf, H. Landsman, C. Tunnell, R. Budnik, J. Naganoma, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, D. Masson, Lukas Bütikofer, Ehud Duchovni, Marc Schumann, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, A. Lyashenko, Julien Masbou, M. Alfonsi, A. Stein, Bart Pelssers, R. F. Lang, A. P. Colijn, G. C. Trinchero, J.M.F. dos Santos, F. Agostini, M. von Sivers, A. Di Giovanni, M. Garbini, Sebastian Lindemann, F. V. Massoli, M. Murra, Payam Pakarha, N. Priel, S. Reichard, A. Molinario, Y. Zhang, F. L. Linde, C. Levy, F. Piastra, M. Messina, J.A.M. Lopes, W. Fulgione, and Jan Conrad

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Yield (chemistry), Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Dark matter, Charge (physics), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Low Mass, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

In Fig. 5 of our original article, we compared measurements and predictions of the charge yield Qy. In that figure, the LUX points were misrepresented, and therefore we present here in Fig. 1 the corrected points from Ref. [1].

Published
2017
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35. Erratum: First axion results from the XENON100 experiment [Phys. Rev. D 90 , 062009 (2014)]

Author

H. Landsman, Daniel Lellouch, F. Piastra, S. Schindler, B. Miguez, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, M. Auger, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, Hulin Wang, C. Levy, Kaixuan Ni, D. Mayani Paras, M. Messina, K. Arisaka, G. Kessler, P. Shagin, N. Priel, A. Kish, J. Naganoma, F. Arneodo, H. Contreras, J.A.M. Lopes, C. Balan, Marc Schumann, Y. Meng, Ethan Brown, S. Reichard, W. Fulgione, M. P. Decowski, U. Oberlack, Manfred Lindner, O. Vitells, C. Geis, A. Rizzo, C. Grignon, A. Tiseni, A. Molinario, Giacomo Bruno, S. Macmullin, Florian Kaether, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, S. Bruenner, Gabriella Sartorelli, R. F. Lang, C. Weinheimer, A. P. Colijn, D. Thers, M. Weber, Guillaume Plante, Boris Bauermeister, W. Hampel, M. Garbini, April S. Brown, R. Itay, Jochen Schreiner, F. V. Massoli, M. Le Calloch, C. Reuter, S. E. A. Orrigo, Elena Aprile, João Cardoso, F. Gao, S. Rosendahl, J.M.F. dos Santos, F. Agostini, Sebastian Lindemann, E. Pantic, R. Budnik, Luke Goetzke, S. Fattori, G. C. Trinchero, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, M. Murra, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, M. Alfonsi, K. Lung, Laura Baudis, J. Pienaar, P. Beltrame, Ehud Duchovni, A. Behrens, A. Lyashenko, A. Teymourian, P. Barrow, K. Bokeloh, E. K. U. Gross, R. Persiani, Julien Masbou, Aprile, E., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Auger, M., Balan, C., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J. m. r., Colijn, A. p., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. p., Decowski, M. p., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A. d., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. w., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. f., Le Calloch, M., Lellouch, D., Levy, C., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. a. m., Lung, K., Lyashenko, A., Macmullin, S., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Massoli, F. v., Mayani Paras, D., Melgarejo Fernandez, A. j., Meng, Y., Messina, M., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. e. a., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., dos Santos, J. m. f., Sartorelli, G., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, XENON DARK MATTER AXION, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Limit (mathematics), 010306 general physics, Coupling (probability), 01 natural sciences, Axion
Abstract

n our paper, we presented searches for solar axions and galactic axionlike particles (ALPs) in the data collected by the XENON100 experiment (with an exposure of 224.6 days). We recently found a bug in the code to calculate the exclusion limit for galactic ALPs. This resulted in an underestimation of the ALP expected rate, which in turn led to an overly conservative limit, compared to what it should really be. We corrected the code, and the result of the XENON100 90% C.L. exclusion limit on galactic ALPs (shown in Fig. 1) was reevaluated. The corrected limit is stronger than the one previously published by approximately a factor of 5 across all masses and sets the best published limit on the axion-electron coupling, $g_{Ae}$, in the (1–40) keV/$c^2$ mass range.

Published
2017
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36. Analysis of the XENON100 dark matter search data

Author

S. E. A. Orrigo, Marc Schumann, P. Shagin, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Kish, Luke Goetzke, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, K. E. Lim, Elena Aprile, E. Nativ, W. Hampel, M. Selvi, Ehud Duchovni, K. Bokeloh, E. K. U. Gross, João Cardoso, Hui Wang, Uwe Oberlack, Jochen Schreiner, M. Weber, F. Gao, A. Behrens, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, F. V. Massoli, Qing Lin, M. Le Calloch, J.M.F. dos Santos, O. Vitells, Ch. Weinheimer, A. Rizzo, P. Beltrame, W. Fulgione, N. Priel, C. Grignon, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, A. Teymourian, M. Garbini, K. Arisaka, S. Rosendahl, Sebastian Lindemann, M. Alfonsi, F. Arneodo, W. T. Chen, Ran Budnik, Kaixuan Ni, R. Persiani, Karl Giboni, David B. Cline, G. Sartorelli, Laura Baudis, C. Balan, Giacomo Bruno, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, H. Contreras, E. Pantic, K. Lung, Ethan Brown, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, Y. Mei, P. R. Scovell, Guillaume Plante, Y. Meng, A. Molinario, S. Fattori, C. Levy, B. Choi, D. Thers, R. F. Lang, J. Lamblin, H. Landsman, L. Scotto Lavina, The XENON100 Collaboration, Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, E., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J.M.R., Chen, W.-T., Choi, B., Cline, D.B., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J.P., Decowski, M.P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A.D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Giboni, K.-L., Goetzke, L.W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Kish, A., Lamblin, J., Landsman, H., Lang, R.F., Le Calloch, M., Levy, C., Lim, K.E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J.A.M., Lung, K., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Massoli, F.V., Mei, Y., Melgarejo Fernandez, A.J., Meng, Y., Molinario, A., Nativ, E., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S.E.A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Dos Santos, J.M.F., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Scovell, P.R., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Large Underground Xenon experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Xenon, WIMP, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Direct detection, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, DarkSide, WIMP Argon Programme, Nuclear physics, Statistical analysis, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Time projection chamber, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), WIMPs, chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The XENON100 experiment, situated in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, aims at the direct detection of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), based on their interactions with xenon nuclei in an ultra low background dual-phase time projection chamber. This paper describes the general methods developed for the analysis of the XENON100 data. These methods have been used in the 100.9 and 224.6 live days science runs from which results on spin-independent elastic, spin-dependent elastic and inelastic WIMP-nucleon cross-sections have already been reported., Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures, information for the 224.6 live days run included

Published
2014
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37. The neutron background of the XENON100 dark matter search experiment

Author

A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, M. Alfonsi, Laura Baudis, P. Beltrame, Ehud Duchovni, S. E. A. Orrigo, João Cardoso, F. Gao, M. Garbini, M. Selvi, Luke Goetzke, E. Tziaferi, Kaixuan Ni, B. Choi, H. Contreras, P. Shagin, Elena Aprile, M. Weber, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Kish, Gabriella Sartorelli, H. Landsman, S. Rosendahl, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Le Calloch, K. E. Lim, P. R. Scovell, A. Molinario, M. P. Decowski, C. Levy, Manfred Lindner, W. Hampel, K. Lung, A. P. Colijn, S. Fattori, O. Vitells, J.M.F. dos Santos, Hui Wang, Ethan Brown, A. Rizzo, J. Lamblin, M. Messina, Uwe Oberlack, K. Arisaka, Sebastian Lindemann, April S. Brown, Karl Giboni, Guillaume Plante, Florian Kaether, F. V. Massoli, Jochen Schreiner, Qing Lin, Boris Bauermeister, Y. Meng, A. Behrens, Giacomo Bruno, W. Fulgione, E. Pantic, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, Ran Budnik, C. Balan, Marc Schumann, N. Priel, A. Teymourian, D. Thers, R. F. Lang, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, F. Arneodo, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, Ch. Weinheimer, C. Ghag, W. T. Chen, C. Grignon, R. Persiani, K. Bokeloh, E. K. U. Gross, National Science Foundation (US), German Research Foundation, Aprile, E., Alfonsi, M., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Behrens, A., Beltrame, P., Bokeloh, K., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cardoso, J.M.R., Chen, W.-T., Choi, B., Colijn, A.P., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J.P., Decowski, M.P., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A.D., Fulgione, W., Gao, F., Garbini, M., Ghag, C., Giboni, K.-L., Goetzke, L.W., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Kaether, F., Kish, A., Lamblin, J., Landsman, H., Lang, R.F., Le Calloch, M., Levy, C., Lim, K.E., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J.A.M., Lung, K., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Massoli, F.V., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Molinario, A., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S.E.A., Pantic, E., Persiani, R., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Santos, J. M. F. Do, Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L Scotto, Scovell, P.R., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Teymourian, A., Thers, D., Tziaferi, E., Vitells, O., Wang, H., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Faculty of Science, Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, IoP (FNWI), and GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, Geant4, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, WIMP Argon Programme, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, WIMP, Nuclear and High Energy Physics Neutron Background Dark Matter Search XENON TPC, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spontaneous fission, Physics, Elastic scattering, Flux, Muons, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Detectors, Weakly interacting massive particles, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Simulation
Abstract

TheXENON100 experiment, installed underground at the LaboratoriNazionali del Gran Sasso, aims to directly detect dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) via their elastic scattering off xenon nuclei. This paper presents a study on the nuclear recoil background of the experiment, taking into account neutron backgrounds from (alpha, n) reactions and spontaneous fission due to natural radioactivity in the detector and shield materials, as well as muon-induced neutrons. Based on MonteCarlo simulations and using measured radioactive contaminations of all detector components, we predict the nuclear recoil backgrounds for the WIMP search results published by theXENON100 experiment in 2011 and 2012, 0.11(-0.04)(+0.08) events and 0.17(-0.07)(+0.12) events, respectively, and conclude that they do not limit the sensitivity of the experiment., We gratefully acknowledge support from NSF, DOE, SNF, UZH, FCT, Region des Pays de la Loire, STCSM, NSFC, DFG, Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), the Max Planck Society and the Weizmann Institute of Science. We are grateful to LNGS for hosting and supporting XENON100.

Published
2013
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38. Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections from 225 live days of XENON100 data

Author

Marc Schumann, P. Shagin, A. Behrens, Ehud Duchovni, E. Pantic, M. Messina, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Kish, M. Garbini, K. Arisaka, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, D. Thers, Boris Bauermeister, R. F. Lang, João Cardoso, K. Lung, A. P. Colijn, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, Ch. Weinheimer, Laura Baudis, Hui Wang, F. Gao, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, C. Ghag, C. Levy, M. Selvi, W. T. Chen, J. Lamblin, H. Landsman, Daniel Lellouch, P. R. Scovell, H. Contreras, P. Beltrame, Florian Kaether, Kaixuan Ni, Ran Budnik, F. V. Massoli, A. Molinario, Qing Lin, B. Choi, J.M.F. dos Santos, L. Scotto Lavina, Sebastian Lindemann, S. Rosendahl, S. Fattori, A. Teymourian, N. Priel, C. Balan, W. Hampel, Karl Giboni, W. Fulgione, Ethan Brown, Elena Aprile, F. Arneodo, April S. Brown, Uwe Oberlack, K. E. Lim, Jochen Schreiner, C. Grignon, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, M. Le Calloch, M. Alfonsi, O. Vitells, A. Rizzo, S. E. A. Orrigo, Y. Meng, Giacomo Bruno, G. Sartorelli, M. Weber, G. Plante, Luke Goetzke, K. Bokeloh, E. K. U. Gross, R. Persiani, Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), XENON100, E. Aprile, M. Alfonsi, K. Arisaka, F. Arneodo, C. Balan, L. Baudi, B. Bauermeister, A. Behren, P. Beltrame, K. Bokeloh, A. Brown, E. Brown, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, J. M. R. Cardoso, W.-T. Chen, B. Choi, A. P. Colijn, H. Contrera, J. P. Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, E. Duchovni, S. Fattori, A. D. Ferella, W. Fulgione, F. Gao, M. Garbini, C. Ghag, K.-L. Giboni, L. W. Goetzke, C. Grignon, E. Gro, W. Hampel, F. Kaether, A. Kish, J. Lamblin, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, M. Le Calloch, D. Lellouch, C. Levy, K. E. Lim, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, J. A. M. Lope, K. Lung, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, F. V. Massoli, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, Y. Meng, M. Messina, A. Molinario, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, S. E. A. Orrigo, E. Pantic, R. Persiani, G. Plante, N. Priel, A. Rizzo, S. Rosendahl, J. M. F. dos Santo, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, P. R. Scovell, M. Selvi, P. Shagin, H. Simgen, A. Teymourian, D. Ther, O. Vitell, H. Wang, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, and XENON100 collaboration

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, dark matter, Particle detector, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Pseudovector, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Spin-½, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present new experimental constraints on the elastic, spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross section using recent data from the XENON100 experiment, operated in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. An analysis of 224.6 live days x 34 kg of exposure acquired during 2011 and 2012 revealed no excess signal due to axial-vector WIMP interactions with 129-Xe and 131-Xe nuclei. This leads to the most stringent upper limits on WIMP-neutron cross sections for WIMP masses above 6 GeV, with a minimum cross section of 3.5 x 10^{-40} cm^2 at a WIMP mass of 45 GeV, at 90% confidence level., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; corrected caption of figure 3

Published
2013
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39. The distributed Slow Control System of the XENON100 experiment

Author

Y. Mei, E. Pantic, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, F. V. Massoli, Qing Lin, A. Manzur, K. E. Lim, O. Vitells, A. C. C. Ribeiro, Giacomo Bruno, W. Fulgione, A. Rizzo, B. Choi, J. A. M. Lopes, L. Scotto Lavina, A. Kish, Ethan Brown, Gabriella Sartorelli, E. Duchovni, Laura Baudis, W. Hampel, A. D. Ferella, M. Weber, S. E. A. Orrigo, João Cardoso, M. Selvi, F. Gao, G. Plante, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, Kaixuan Ni, Ch. Weinheimer, P. Beltrame, R. Persiani, Hui Wang, W. T. Chen, S. Rosendahl, Marc Schumann, P. Shagin, A. Molinario, A. Teymourian, K. Arisaka, H. Simgen, Uwe Oberlack, P. R. Scovell, S. Fattori, Daniel McKinsey, H. Contreras, F. Arneodo, M. Garbini, Eilam Gross, Luke Goetzke, A. Behrens, K. Bokeloh, Y. Meng, Elena Aprile, E. Nativ, Ran Budnik, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, K. Lung, C. Levy, M. Alfonsi, J.M.F. dos Santos, R. F. Lang, M. Le Calloch, Stefan Lindemann, J. Lamblin, J. Schreiner, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, C. Balan, N. Priel, D. Thers, C. Grignon, K. L. Giboni, J. V. Patricio, E Aprile, M Alfonsi, K Arisaka, F Arneodo, C Balan, L Baudi, A Behren, P Beltrame, K Bokeloh, E Brown, G M Bruno, R Budnik, M Le Calloch, J M Cardoso, W -T Chen, B Choi, H Contrera, J -P Cussonneau, M P Decowski, E Duchovni, S Fattori, A D Ferella, W Fulgione, F Gao, M Garbini, K -L Giboni, L W Goetzke, C Grignon, E Gro, W Hampel, D N McKinsey, A Kish, J Lamblin, R F Lang, C Levy, K E Lim, Q Lin, S Lindemann, M Lindner, J A M Lope, K Lung, A Manzur, T Marrodán Undagoitia, F V Massoli, Y Mei, A J Melgarejo Fernandez, Y Meng, A Molinario, E Nativ, K Ni, U Oberlack, S E A Orrigo, E Pantic, J V Patricio, R Persiani, G Plante, N Priel, A C C Ribeiro, A Rizzo, S Rosendahl, J M F dos Santo, G Sartorelli, J Schreiner, M Schumann, L Scotto Lavina, P R Scovell, M Selvi, P Shagin, H Simgen, A Teymourian, D Ther, O Vitell, H Wang, M Weber, C Weinheimer, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), XENON100, IoP (FNWI), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI), Faculty of Science, and Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, architecture, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Java, Computer science, Real-time computing, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Control and monitor systems online, Control systems, Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, architecture, hardware, algorithms, databases), algorithms, 01 natural sciences, Xenon, 0103 physical sciences, hardware, DETECTOR CONTROL SYSTEMS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], CONTROL SYSTEMS, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, computer.programming_language, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector control systems (detector and experiment monitoring and slow-control systems, Emphasis (telecommunications), Volume (computing), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Modular design, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], chemistry, Control system, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, databases), business, computer, System software
Abstract

The XENON100 experiment, in operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy, was designed to search for evidence of dark matter interactions inside a volume of liquid xenon using a dual-phase time projection chamber. This paper describes the Slow Control System (SCS) of the experiment with emphasis on the distributed architecture as well as on its modular and expandable nature. The system software was designed according to the rules of Object-Oriented Programming and coded in Java, thus promoting code reusability and maximum flexibility during commissioning of the experiment. The SCS has been continuously monitoring the XENON100 detector since mid 2008, remotely recording hundreds of parameters on a few dozen instruments in real time, and setting emergency alarms for the most important variables., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures

Published
2012
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40. Low-mass dark matter search using ionization signals in XENON100

Author

Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, Boris, Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Buss, A., Butikofer, L., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, Jan, Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Duchovni, E., Ferella, Alfredo D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Galloway, M., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Le Calloch, M., Levy, C., Linde, F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lyashenko, A., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodn, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, Bart, Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., von Sivers, M., Wall, R., Wang, H., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., Zhang, Y., Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arneodo, F., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, Boris, Benabderrahmane, M. L., Berger, T., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Buss, A., Butikofer, L., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, Jan, Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Duchovni, E., Ferella, Alfredo D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Galloway, M., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hasterok, C., Hogenbirk, E., Itay, R., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Le Calloch, M., Levy, C., Linde, F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lyashenko, A., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodn, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Masson, D., Mayani, D., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, Bart, Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., von Sivers, M., Wall, R., Wang, H., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., and Zhang, Y.

Abstract

We perform a low-mass dark matter search using an exposure of 30 kg x yr with the XENON100 detector. By dropping the requirement of a scintillation signal and using only the ionization signal to determine the interaction energy, we lowered the energy threshold for detection to 0.7 keV for nuclear recoils. No dark matter detection can be claimed because a complete background model cannot be constructed without a primary scintillation signal. Instead, we compute an upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section under the assumption that every event passing our selection criteria could be a signal event. Using an energy interval from 0.7 keV to 9.1 keV, we derive a limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section that excludes WIMPs with a mass of 6 GeV/c(2) above 1.4 x 10(-41) cm(2) at 90% confidence level.

Published
2016
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41. Physics reach of the XENON1T dark matter experiment

Author

Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, Boris, Berger, T., Breur, P., Breskin, A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Butikofer, L., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, Jan, Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, Alfredo D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Galloway, M., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Hasterok, C., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Le Calloch, M., Levy, C., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lyashenko, A., Macmullin, S., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Mayani, D., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, Bart, Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., von Sivers, M., Wall, R., Wang, H., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., Zhang, Y., Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F. D., Anthony, M., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, Boris, Berger, T., Breur, P., Breskin, A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Butikofer, L., Cardoso, J. M. R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, Jan, Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., de Perio, P., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, Alfredo D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Galloway, M., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L. W., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Hasterok, C., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Le Calloch, M., Levy, C., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J. A. M., Lyashenko, A., Macmullin, S., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodan, Masbou, J., Massoli, F. V., Mayani, D., Fernandez, A. J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S. E. A., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, Bart, Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., von Sivers, M., Wall, R., Wang, H., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., and Zhang, Y.

Abstract

The XENON1T experiment is currently in the commissioning phase at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. In this article we study the experiment's expected sensitivity to the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interaction cross section, based on Monte Carlo predictions of the electronic and nuclear recoil backgrounds. The total electronic recoil background in 1 tonne fiducial volume and (1, 12) keV electronic recoil equivalent energy region, before applying any selection to discriminate between electronic and nuclear recoils, is (1.80+/-0.15) . 10(-4) (kg.day.keV)(-1), mainly due to the decay of Rn-222 daughters inside the xenon target. The nuclear recoil background in the corresponding nuclear recoil equivalent energy region (4, 50) keV, is composed of (0.6 +/- 0.1) (t.y)(-1) from radiogenic neutrons, (1.8+/-0.3) . 10(-2) (t.y)(-1) from coherent scattering of neutrinos, and less than 0.01 (t.y)(-1) from muon-induced neutrons. The sensitivity of XENON1T is calculated with the Pro file Likelihood Ratio method, after converting the deposited energy of electronic and nuclear recoils into the scintillation and ionization signals seen in the detector. We take into account the systematic uncertainties on the photon and electron emission model, and on the estimation of the backgrounds, treated as nuisance parameters. The main contribution comes from the relative scintillation efficiency L-eff, which affects both the signal from WIMPs and the nuclear recoil backgrounds. After a 2 y measurement in 1 tonne fiducial volume, the sensitivity reaches a minimum cross section of 1.6 . 10(-47) cm(2) at m(chi) = 50 GeV/c(2).

Published
2016
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42. Dark Matter Results from 100 Live Days of XENON100 Data

Author

K. Arisaka, Marc Schumann, P. Shagin, F. Arneodo, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Kish, G. Sartorelli, K. E. Lim, R. Santorelli, Manfred Lindner, C. W. Lam, K. Bokeloh, S. Fattori, A. Behrens, M. Selvi, J. Lamblin, Eilam Gross, Elena Aprile, David B. Cline, D. Thers, Y. Mei, E. Pantic, R. F. Lang, A. Teymourian, R. Persiani, Ethan Brown, T. Bruch, K. L. Giboni, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, Hongwei Wang, M. Weber, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, C. Levy, Ch. Weinheimer, B. Choi, G. Plante, K. Lung, Laura Baudis, J.M.F. dos Santos, Sebastian Lindemann, Kaixuan Ni, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, S. E. A. Orrigo, A. C. C. Ribeiro, Giacomo Bruno, O. Vitells, Uwe Oberlack, Qing Lin, Ehud Duchovni, A. Askin, João Cardoso, F. Gao, W. T. Chen, E. Aprile, K. Arisaka, F. Arneodo, A. Askin, L. Baudi, A. Behren, K. Bokeloh, E. Brown, T. Bruch, G. Bruno, J. M. R. Cardoso, W.-T. Chen, B. Choi, D. Cline, E. Duchovni, S. Fattori, A. D. Ferella, F. Gao, K.-L. Giboni, E. Gro, A. Kish, C. W. Lam, J. Lamblin, R. F. Lang, C. Levy, K. E. Lim, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, J. A. M. Lope, K. Lung, T. Marrodan Undagoitia, Y. Mei, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, K. Ni| U. Oberlack, S. E. A. Orrigo, E. Pantic, R. Persiani, G. Plante, A. C. C. Ribeiro, R. Santorelli, J. M. F. dos Santo, G. Sartorelli, M. Schumann, M. Selvi, P. Shagin, H. Simgen, A. Teymourian, D. Ther, O. Vitell, H. Wang, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and XENON100

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Large Underground Xenon experiment, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, DARK MATTER, Dark matter, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Fermion, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, High Energy Physics - Experiment, WIMPS, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], TPC, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present results from the direct search for dark matter with the XENON100 detector, installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN, Italy. XENON100 is a two-phase time projection chamber with a 62 kg liquid xenon target. Interaction vertex reconstruction in three dimensions with millimeter precision allows to select only the innermost 48 kg as ultra-low background fiducial target. In 100.9 live days of data, acquired between January and June 2010, no evidence for dark matter is found. Three candidate events were observed in a pre-defined signal region with an expected background of 1.8 +/- 0.6 events. This leads to the most stringent limit on dark matter interactions today, excluding spin-independent elastic WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections above 7.0x10^-45 cm^2 for a WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c^2 at 90% confidence level., 5 pages, 5 figures; matches accepted version

Published
2011
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43. Implications on inelastic dark matter from 100 live days of XENON100 data

Author

E. Pantic, Ethan Brown, M. Selvi, David B. Cline, Y. Mei, J.M.F. dos Santos, Hui Wang, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, Manfred Lindner, Ch. Weinheimer, B. Choi, A. Behrens, Sebastian Lindemann, Karl Giboni, K. Arisaka, R. Santorelli, F. Arneodo, M. Weber, G. Plante, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, S. Fattori, J. A. M. Lopes, K. Lung, A. Kish, Laura Baudis, A. Teymourian, C. W. Lam, D. Thers, R. F. Lang, A. C. C. Ribeiro, Giacomo Bruno, Elena Aprile, C. Levy, T. Bruch, Kaixuan Ni, K. E. Lim, S. E. A. Orrigo, J. Lamblin, Uwe Oberlack, O. Vitells, Ehud Duchovni, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, Qing Lin, A. Askin, João Cardoso, F. Gao, W. T. Chen, Marc Schumann, P. Shagin, G. Sartorelli, R. Persiani, K. Bokeloh, E. K. U. Gross, E. Aprile, K. Arisaka, F. Arneodo, A. Askin, L. Baudi, A. Behren, K. Bokeloh, E. Brown, T. Bruch, G. Bruno, J. M. R. Cardoso, W.-T. Chen, B. Choi, D. Cline, E. Duchovni, S. Fattori, A. D. Ferella, F. Gao, K.-L. Giboni, E. Gro, A. Kish, C. W. Lam, J. Lamblin, R. F. Lang, C. Levy, K. E. Lim, Q. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, J. A. M. Lope, K. Lung, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, Y. Mei, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, S. E. A. Orrigo, E. Pantic, R. Persiani, G. Plante, A. C. C. Ribeiro, R. Santorelli, J. M. F. dos Santo, G Sartorelli, M. Schumann, M. Selvi, P. Shagin, H. Simgen, A. Teymourian, D. Ther, O. Vitell, H. Wang, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and XENON100

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, DARK MATTER, Signal region, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, WIMPS, Nuclear physics, XENON, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], TPC, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The XENON100 experiment has recently completed a dark matter run with 100.9 live-days of data, taken from January to June 2010. Events in a 48kg fiducial volume in the energy range between 8.4 and 44.6 keVnr have been analyzed. A total of three events have been found in the predefined signal region, compatible with the background prediction of (1.8 \pm 0.6) events. Based on this analysis we present limits on the WIMP-nucleon cross section for inelastic dark matter. With the present data we are able to rule out the explanation for the observed DAMA/LIBRA modulation as being due to inelastic dark matter scattering off iodine at a 90% confidence level., Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures

Published
2011
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44. Measurements of proportional scintillation and electron multiplication in liquid xenon using thin wires

Author

M. Messina, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, Luke Goetzke, J. Naganoma, A. Rizzo, P. Shagin, G. Plante, H. Contreras, R. Wall, and Elena Aprile

Subjects
Scintillation, Photon, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Electron, Tungsten, Optics, Xenon, chemistry, Scintillation counter, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Proportional scintillation in liquid xenon has a promising application in the field of direct dark matter detection, potentially allowing for simpler, more sensitive detectors. However, knowledge of the basic properties of the phenomenon as well as guidelines for its practical use are currently limited. We report here on measurements of proportional scintillation light emitted in liquid xenon around thin wires. The maximum proportional scintillation gain of $287^{+97}_{-75}$ photons per drift electron was obtained using 10 $\mu$m diameter gold plated tungsten wire. The thresholds for electron multiplication and proportional scintillation are measured as $725^{+48}_{-139}$ and $412^{+10}_{-133}$ kV/cm, respectively. The threshold for proportional scintillation is in good agreement with a previously published result, while the electron multiplication threshold represents a novel measurement. A complete set of parameters for the practical use of the electron multiplication and proportional scintillation processes in liquid xenon was also obtained for the first time.

Published
2014

45. Measurement of Through-Going Particle Momentum By Means Of Multiple Scattering With The ICARUS T600 TPC

Author

A. Ankowski, M. Antonello, P. Aprili, F. Arneodo, A. Badertscher, B. Baiboussinov, M. B. Ceolin, G. Battistoni, P. Benetti, A. B. Tigliole, R. Brunetti, A. Bueno, E. Calligarich, F. Carbonara, M. C. Carmona, F. Cavanna, P. Cennini, S. Centro, A. Cesana, D. B. Cline, K. Cieslik, A. G. Cocco, C. D. Vecchi, A. Dabrowska, A. D. Cicco, R. Dolfini, A. Ereditato, A. Ferrari, D. Garcia Gamez, Y. Ge, D. Gibin, A. G. Berzolari, I. Gil Botella, K. Graczyk, L. Grandi, A. Guglielmi, J. Holeczek, D. Kielczewska, J. Kisiel, T. Kozlowski, M. Laffranchi, J. Lagoda, B. Lisowski, J. Lozano, M. Markiewicz, A. M. de, C. Matthey, F. Mauri, A. J. Melgarejo, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. Messina, P. Mijakowski, C. Montanari, S. Muraro, S. Navas, J. Nowak, S. Otwinowski, O. Palamara, L. Periale, G. P. Mortari, A. Piazzoli, P. Picchi, F. Pietropaolo, W. Polchlopek, M. Posiadala, M. Prata, M. C. Prata, P. Przewlocki, A. Rappoldi, G. L. Raselli, E. Rondio, M. Rossella, B. Rossi, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, P. R. Sala, D. Scannicchio, E. Segreto, Y. Seo, F. Sergiampietri, J. Sobczyk, D. Stefan, J. Stepaniak, R. Sulej, M. Szeptycka, M. Szarska, M. Terrani, F. Varanini, S. Ventura, C. Vignoli, T. Wachala, H. Wang, X. Yang, A. Zalewska, FIORILLO, GIULIANA, A., Ankowski, M., Antonello, P., Aprili, F., Arneodo, A., Badertscher, B., Baiboussinov, M. B., Ceolin, G., Battistoni, P., Benetti, A. B., Tigliole, R., Brunetti, A., Bueno, E., Calligarich, F., Carbonara, M. C., Carmona, F., Cavanna, P., Cennini, S., Centro, A., Cesana, D. B., Cline, K., Cieslik, A. G., Cocco, C. D., Vecchi, A., Dabrowska, A. D., Cicco, R., Dolfini, A., Ereditato, A., Ferrari, Fiorillo, Giuliana, D., Garcia Gamez, Y., Ge, D., Gibin, A. G., Berzolari, I., Gil Botella, K., Graczyk, L., Grandi, A., Guglielmi, J., Holeczek, D., Kielczewska, J., Kisiel, T., Kozlowski, M., Laffranchi, J., Lagoda, B., Lisowski, J., Lozano, M., Markiewicz, A. M., De, C., Matthey, F., Mauri, A. J., Melgarejo, A., Menegolli, G., Meng, M., Messina, P., Mijakowski, C., Montanari, S., Muraro, S., Nava, J., Nowak, S., Otwinowski, O., Palamara, L., Periale, G. P., Mortari, A., Piazzoli, P., Picchi, F., Pietropaolo, W., Polchlopek, M., Posiadala, M., Prata, M. C., Prata, P., Przewlocki, A., Rappoldi, G. L., Raselli, E., Rondio, M., Rossella, B., Rossi, A., Rubbia, C., Rubbia, P. R., Sala, D., Scannicchio, E., Segreto, Y., Seo, F., Sergiampietri, J., Sobczyk, D., Stefan, J., Stepaniak, R., Sulej, M., Szeptycka, M., Szarska, M., Terrani, F., Varanini, S., Ventura, C., Vignoli, T., Wachala, H., Wang, X., Yang, and A., Zalewska

Subjects
ICARUS, Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Scattering, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Standard Model, Computational physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Momentum, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), LIGHT, LIQUID ARGON, Rare events, High Energy Physics::Experiment, IONIZING TRACKS, Engineering (miscellaneous), Charged current, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The ICARUS collaboration has demonstrated, following the operation of a 600 ton (T600) detector at shallow depth, that the technique based on liquid Argon TPCs is now mature. The study of rare events, not contemplated in the Standard Model, can greatly benefit from the use of this kind of detectors. In particular, a deeper understanding of atmospheric neutrino properties will be obtained thanks to the unprecedented quality of the data ICARUS provides. However if we concentrate on the T600 performance, most of the $\nu_\mu$ charged current sample will be partially contained, due to the reduced dimensions of the detector. In this article, we address the problem of how well we can determine the kinematics of events having partially contained tracks. The analysis of a large sample of atmospheric muons collected during the T600 test run demonstrate that, in case the recorded track is at least one meter long, the muon momentum can be reconstructed by an algorithm that measures the Multiple Coulomb Scattering along the particle's path. Moreover, we show that momentum resolution can be improved by a factor two using an algorithm based on the Kalman Filtering technique. The ICARUS collaboration has demonstrated, following the operation of a 600 ton (T600) detector at shallow depth, that the technique based on liquid Argon TPCs is now mature. The study of rare events, not contemplated in the Standard Model, can greatly benefit from the use of this kind of detectors. In particular, a deeper understanding of atmospheric neutrino properties will be obtained thanks to the unprecedented quality of the data ICARUS provides. However if we concentrate on the T600 performance, most of the $\nu_\mu$ charged current sample will be partially contained, due to the reduced dimensions of the detector. In this article, we address the problem of how well we can determine the kinematics of events having partially contained tracks. The analysis of a large sample of atmospheric muons collected during the T600 test run demonstrate that, in case the recorded track is at least one meter long, the muon momentum can be reconstructed by an algorithm that measures the Multiple Coulomb Scattering along the particle's path. Moreover, we show that momentum resolution can be improved by a factor two using an algorithm based on the Kalman Filtering technique.

Published
2006

46. Observation and applications of single-electron charge signals in the XENON100 experiment

Author

F. V. Massoli, Qing Lin, W. Fulgione, Y. Meng, H. Landsman, Uwe Oberlack, M. Garbini, João Cardoso, B. Choi, F. Gao, W. T. Chen, S. E. A. Orrigo, M. Messina, K. Arisaka, A. Behrens, M. Weber, Auke-Pieter Colijn, K. E. Lim, F. Piastra, S. Fattori, Abbe Brown, G. Kessler, G. Plante, W. Hampel, O. Vitells, R. Persiani, R. Itay, J. Naganoma, F. Arneodo, M. Selvi, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, Kaixuan Ni, Hui Wang, E. Pantic, H. Simgen, M. Le Calloch, M. Alfonsi, C. Grignon, K. L. Giboni, Florian Kaether, Boris Bauermeister, C. Balan, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Kish, Elena Aprile, Eilam Gross, Giacomo Bruno, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, Luke Goetzke, S. Bruenner, Ch. Weinheimer, C. Ghag, K. Bokeloh, C. Levy, J. Schreiner, M. P. Decowski, H. Contreras, Manfred Lindner, R. F. Lang, A. Molinario, N. Priel, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, P. Beltrame, S. Rosendahl, A. Teymourian, A. Rizzo, Ethan Brown, Marc Schumann, P. Shagin, J. Lamblin, D. Thers, E. Duchovni, Laura Baudis, Ran Budnik, Gabriella Sartorelli, L. Scotto Lavina, K. Lung, A. D. Ferella, J.M.F. dos Santos, Sebastian Lindemann, E Aprile, M Alfonsi, K Arisaka, F Arneodo, C Balan, L Baudi, B Bauermeister, A Behren, P Beltrame, K Bokeloh, A Brown, E Brown, S Bruenner, G Bruno, R Budnik, J M R Cardoso, W-T Chen, B Choi, A P Colijn, H Contrera, J P Cussonneau, M P Decowski, E Duchovni, S Fattori, A D Ferella, W Fulgione, F Gao, M Garbini, C Ghag, K-L Giboni, L W Goetzke, C Grignon, E Gro, W Hampel, R Itay, F Kaether, G Kessler, A Kish, J Lamblin, H Landsman, R F Lang, M Le Calloch, C Levy, K E Lim, Q Lin, S Lindemann, M Lindner, J A M Lope, K Lung, T Marrodán Undagoitia, F V Massoli, A J Melgarejo Fernandez, Y Meng, M Messina, A Molinario, J Naganoma, K Ni, U Oberlack, S E A Orrigo, E Pantic, R Persiani, F Piastra, G Plante, N Priel, A Rizzo, S Rosendahl, J M F dos Santo, G Sartorelli, J Schreiner, M Schumann, L Scotto Lavina, M Selvi, P Shagin, H Simgen, A Teymourian, D Ther, O Vitell, H Wang, M Weber, C Weinheimer, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), XENON100, Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), and The XENON100 collaboration

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Drift velocity, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, double phase TPC, 01 natural sciences, dark matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, WIMP, photoionization, single electron, xenon, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 3. Good health, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, Atomic physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The XENON100 dark matter experiment uses liquid xenon in a time projection chamber (TPC) to measure xenon nuclear recoils resulting from the scattering of dark matter Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). In this paper, we report the observation of single-electron charge signals which are not related to WIMP interactions. These signals, which show the excellent sensitivity of the detector to small charge signals, are explained as being due to the photoionization of impurities in the liquid xenon and of the metal components inside the TPC. They are used as a unique calibration source to characterize the detector. We explain how we can infer crucial parameters for the XENON100 experiment: the secondary-scintillation gain, the extraction yield from the liquid to the gas phase and the electron drift velocity., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

Published
2014
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47. Physics reach of the XENON1T dark matter experiment

Author

M. von Sivers, Hui Wang, M. Weber, C. Grignon, S. Macmullin, P. Barrow, L. Bütikofer, T. Berger, Auke-Pieter Colijn, D. Mayani, S. Rosendahl, M. Messina, Florian Kaether, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, Jean-Pierre Cussonneau, M. P. Decowski, Manfred Lindner, A. Manfredini, M. Cervantes, E. K. U. Gross, C. Hasterok, D. Lellouch, A. Tiseni, C. Geis, A. Rizzo, P. A. Breur, H. Landsman, A. Lyashenko, P. Di Gangi, E. Duchovni, Laura Baudis, Luke Goetzke, Bart Pelssers, Giacomo Bruno, P. de Perio, H. Contreras, N. Priel, João Cardoso, S. E. A. Orrigo, W. Hampel, P. Shagin, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Kish, Julien Masbou, L. Levinson, C. Tunnell, C. Balan, F. D. Amaro, Michelle Galloway, L. Scotto Lavina, April S. Brown, R. Itay, D. Franco, F. Arneodo, F. Piastra, M. Le Calloch, Guillaume Plante, N. Rupp, S. Fattori, J. Pienaar, Z. Greene, Jochen Schreiner, B. Miguez, S. Bruenner, J. Wulf, S. Schindler, Lior Arazi, K. Micheneau, G. C. Trinchero, Boris Bauermeister, C. Levy, Jelle Aalbers, G. Kessler, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, M. Anthony, S. Reichard, L. Rauch, Ch. Weinheimer, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, D. Thers, R. F. Lang, M. Alfonsi, Jan Conrad, J. Naganoma, C. Reuter, M. Selvi, A. Fieguth, D. Coderre, R. Wall, Y. Meng, M. Murra, A. Molinario, M. Scheibelhut, J.M.F. dos Santos, F. Agostini, B. Kaminsky, D. Cichon, Sebastian Lindemann, Elena Aprile, Ethan Brown, F. V. Massoli, W. Fulgione, Yuehuan Wei, M. Garbini, A. Stein, Amos Breskin, Yanxi Zhang, Uwe Oberlack, A. Di Giovanni, Marc Schumann, P. Pakarha, Ran Budnik, Gabriella Sartorelli, R. Persiani, GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI), Faculty of Science, Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, IoP (FNWI), IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Alfonsi, M., Amaro, F.D., Anthony, M., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balan, C., Barrow, P., Baudis, L., Bauermeister, B., Berger, T., Breur, P., Breskin, A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bütikofer, L., Cardoso, J.M.R., Cervantes, M., Cichon, D., Coderre, D., Colijn, A.P., Conrad, J., Contreras, H., Cussonneau, J.P., Decowski, M.P., De Perio, P., Gangi, P. Di, Giovanni, A. Di, Duchovni, E., Fattori, S., Ferella, A.D., Fieguth, A., Franco, D., Fulgione, W., Galloway, M., Garbini, M., Geis, C., Goetzke, L.W., Greene, Z., Grignon, C., Gross, E., Hampel, W., Hasterok, C., Itay, R., Kaether, F., Kaminsky, B., Kessler, G., Kish, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R.F., Lellouch, D., Levinson, L., Calloch, M. Le, Levy, C., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lopes, J.A.M., Lyashenko, A., Macmullin, S., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Massoli, F.V., Mayani, D., Fernandez, A.J. Melgarejo, Meng, Y., Messina, M., Micheneau, K., Miguez, B., Molinario, A., Murra, M., Naganoma, J., Oberlack, U., Orrigo, S.E.A., Pakarha, P., Pelssers, B., Persiani, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Plante, G., Priel, N., Rauch, L., Reichard, S., Reuter, C., Rizzo, A., Rosendahl, S., Rupp, N., Santos, J.M.F. Do, Sartorelli, G., Scheibelhut, M., Schindler, S., Schreiner, J., Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M, Shagin, P., Simgen, H., Stein, A., Thers, D., Tiseni, A., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C., Sivers, M. Von, Wall, R., Wang, H., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Wulf, J., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
dark matter simulations, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, dark matter experiment, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, dark matter simulation, Nuclear physics, Recoil, Xenon, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, dark matter experiments, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Neutrino, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The XENON1T experiment is currently in the commissioning phase at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. In this article we study the experiment's expected sensitivity to the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interaction cross section, based on Monte Carlo predictions of the electronic and nuclear recoil backgrounds. The total electronic recoil background in $1$ tonne fiducial volume and ($1$, $12$) keV electronic recoil equivalent energy region, before applying any selection to discriminate between electronic and nuclear recoils, is $(1.80 \pm 0.15) \cdot 10^{-4}$ ($\rm{kg} \cdot day \cdot keV)^{-1}$, mainly due to the decay of $^{222}\rm{Rn}$ daughters inside the xenon target. The nuclear recoil background in the corresponding nuclear recoil equivalent energy region ($4$, $50$) keV, is composed of $(0.6 \pm 0.1)$ ($\rm{t} \cdot y)^{-1}$ from radiogenic neutrons, $(1.8 \pm 0.3) \cdot 10^{-2}$ ($\rm{t} \cdot y)^{-1}$ from coherent scattering of neutrinos, and less than $0.01$ ($\rm{t} \cdot y)^{-1}$ from muon-induced neutrons. The sensitivity of XENON1T is calculated with the Profile Likelihood Ratio method, after converting the deposited energy of electronic and nuclear recoils into the scintillation and ionization signals seen in the detector. We take into account the systematic uncertainties on the photon and electron emission model, and on the estimation of the backgrounds, treated as nuisance parameters. The main contribution comes from the relative scintillation efficiency $\mathcal{L}_\mathrm{eff}$, which affects both the signal from WIMPs and the nuclear recoil backgrounds. After a $2$ y measurement in $1$ t fiducial volume, the sensitivity reaches a minimum cross section of $1.6 \cdot 10^{-47}$ cm$^2$ at m$_\chi$=$50$ GeV/$c^2$., Comment: 36 pages, 18 figures, published by JCAP

Published
2016
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48. Measurement of the Scintillation Yield of Low-Energy Electrons in Liquid Xenon

Author

H. Contreras, A. Rizzo, R. Persiani, R.F. Lang, Bernard C. K. Choi, K. E. Lim, K. L. Giboni, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, Elena Aprile, Luke Goetzke, Ran Budnik, J. Koglin, and Guillaume Plante

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Scattering, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, Ion, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, Xenon, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

We have measured the energy dependence of the liquid xenon (LXe) scintillation yield of electrons with energy between 2.1 and 120.2keV, using the Compton coincidence technique. A LXe scintillation detector with a very high light detection efficiency was irradiated with 137Cs {\gamma} rays and the energy of the Compton-scattered {\gamma} rays was measured with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector placed at different scattering angles. The excellent energy resolution of the HPGe detector allows the selection of events with Compton electrons of known energy in the LXe detector. We find that the scintillation yield initially increases as the electron energy decreases from 120 keV to about 60keV but then decreases by about 30% from 60keV to 2keV. The measured scintillation yield was also measured with conversion electrons from the 32.1 keV and 9.4 keV transitions of the 83mKr isomer, used as an internal calibration source. We find that the scintillation yield of the 32.1 keV transition is compatible with that obtained from the Compton coincidence measurement. On the other hand, the yield for the 9.4keV transition is much higher than that measured for a Compton electron of the same energy. We interpret the enhancement in the scintillation yield as due to the enhanced recombination rate in the presence of Xe ions left from the 32.1 keV transition, which precedes the 9.4 keV one by 220 ns, on average., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures

Published
2012

49. Erratum: Study of the electromagnetic background in the XENON100 experiment [Phys. Rev. D 83, 082001 (2011)]

Author

Hui Wang, K. Arisaka, E. Tziaferi, A. Behrens, Qing Lin, S. Fattori, Y. Mei, A. Askin, João Cardoso, A. C. C. Ribeiro, M. Weber, K. Lung, A. Teymourian, J.M.F. dos Santos, C. W. Lam, Ethan Brown, Hardy Simgen, A. D. Ferella, R.F. Lang, K. E. Lim, P. Shagin, K. Bokeloh, Sebastian Lindemann, J. A. M. Lopes, A. Kish, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, Karl Giboni, Laura Baudis, Uwe Oberlack, C. Weinheimer, David B. Cline, E. Pantic, Manfred Lindner, J. Lamblin, Kaixuan Ni, R. Santorelli, F. Arneodo, Guillaume Plante, S. E. A. Orrigo, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, Marc Schumann, B. Choi, D. Thers, and Elena Aprile

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Dark matter, Particle detector
Published
2012
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50. Measurement of the Quantum Efficiency of Hamamatsu R8520 Photomultipliers at Liquid Xenon Temperature

Author

Mathias Beck, H. Contreras, B. Choi, A. J. Melgarejo Fernandez, Luke Goetzke, R. F. Lang, K. E. Lim, G. Plante, Elena Aprile, Ran Budnik, Ch. Weinheimer, P. Shagin, K. Bokeloh, K. L. Giboni, and A. Rizzo

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Scintillation, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Photon, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), medicine.disease_cause, Electromagnetic radiation, Temperature measurement, Xenon, chemistry, medicine, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Mathematical Physics, Ultraviolet
Abstract

Vacuum ultraviolet light sensitive photomultiplier tubes directly coupled to liquid xenon are being used to efficiently detect the 178 nm scintillation light in a variety of liquid xenon based particle detectors. Good knowledge of the performance of these photomultipliers under cryogenic conditions is needed to properly characterize these detectors. Here, we report on measurements of the quantum efficiency of Hamamatsu R8520 photomultipliers, used in the XENON Dark Matter Experiments. The quantum efficiency measurements at room temperature agree with the values provided by Hamamatsu. At low temperatures, between 160K and 170K, the quantum efficiency increases by $\sim5-11$% relative to the room temperature values.

Published
2012
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