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The transport of hydrated ions across nanochannels is central to biological systems and membrane-based applications, yet little is known about their hydrated structure during transport due to the absence of in situ characterization techniques. Herein, we report experimentally resolved ion dehydration during transmembrane transport using modified in situ liquid ToF-SIMS in combination with MD simulations for a mechanistic reasoning. Notably, complete dehydration was not necessary for transport to occur across membranes with sub-nanometer pores. Partial shedding of water molecules from ion solvation shells, observed as a decrease in the average hydration number, allowed the alkali-metal ions studied here (lithium, sodium, and potassium) to permeate membranes with pores smaller than their solvated size. We find that ions generally cannot hold more than two water molecules during this sterically limited transport. In nanopores larger than the size of the solvation shell, we show that ionic mobility governs the ion hydration number distribution. Viscous effects, such as interactions with carboxyl groups inside the membrane, preferentially hinder the transport of the mono- and dihydrates. Our novel technique for studying ion solvation in situ represents a significant technological leap for the nanofluidics field and may enable important advances in ion separation, biosensing, and battery applications.

The prevalence of allergic diseases has gradually increased worldwide along with the development of industrialization, changes in environmental factors, adjustment of people's diet structure and increasing exposure to allergens. Allergic diseases have become an important challenge to global public health strategies. Meanwhile, the coexistence with allergic rhinitis, and(or) allergic asthma, and(or) atopic dermatitis and other allergic diseases in a single patient is becoming more and more prevalent. Allergic comorbidities and multimorbidities will inevitably increase the difficulty of treating and recovery, seriously affect patients' quality of life, and greatly increase the burden on social medical insurance. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of comorbidities and multimorbidities has both preventive and therapeutic significance. This article reviews the research progress of allergy comorbidity and multimorbidity in order to address the importance of this phenominon, stimulate clinical attention and provide a reference for the formulation of prevention and treatment strategies.随着工业化进程的发展、环境因素的改变、人们饮食结构的调整及接触过敏原种类的不断增加，过敏性疾病的患病率在全世界范围内呈升高趋势，已经成为全球重要的公共卫生问题。与此同时，同一患者罹患过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘、特应性皮炎等多种过敏性疾病的现象也越来越普遍，过敏性疾病的共病与多病使得病情更加复杂，严重影响患者生活质量、增加治疗难度、延长治疗周期、极大增加社会医疗负担。积极应对过敏性疾病共病与多病，研究其发病机制，制订相应的治疗指南，兼具预防及治疗意义。本文阐述了过敏性疾病共病与多病的相关研究进展，以引起临床关注，并为预防与治疗策略的制定提供参考。.

Capacitive deionization (CDI), or electrosorption, is a desalination technology that exhibits significant potential; however, its major technical requirement of selective ion separation poses a challenge for its further practical application. Herein, a titanium carbide (MXene)–layered electrosorption electrode with high selectivity for Ca2+ was fabricated. The prepared MXene electrode had many surface hydroxyl functional groups that serve as adsorption sites for Ca2+. Ca2+ was successfully inserted into the interlayers of the MXene cathode and formed a strong interaction with [Ti-O] bonds during the capacitive deionization process. When a Ni-Al layered metal oxide anion intercalation electrode was employed as the counter electrode, Ca2+ adsorption by the MXene electrode was significantly enhanced due to the valence compensation balance effect. The maximum Ca2+ electrosorption capacity of the MXene electrode reached 1011.82 mg per gram effective MXene material, which is 6.3 times higher than that of Na+ based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The MXene electrode exhibited prominent selectivity for Ca2+ ions in the presence of Na+ and Mg2+. The Ca2+/Mg2+ selectivity factor for electrosorption reached 2.63, and Ca2+/Na+ selectivity factor could achieve 9.84, respectively. After five electrosorption/desorption cycles, the Ca2+ removal rate only decreased from 46.96% to 45.34%, suggesting that the MXene electrode has excellent stability. Our study demonstrated a novel CDI electrode and technical approach for softening water.

Emerging evidence has revealed that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the impact of OSA on NAFLD among obese patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), especially during follow-up period, remains unclear. To analyze the correlation based on preoperative characteristics and postoperative conditions among bariatric patients with comorbid OSA and NAFLD. Methods: Clinical data of patients who underwent MBS in our institution between January 2016 and June 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Correlation analysis and linear regressions were used to identify how OSA links with NAFLD before and after treatment of MBS. Of 308 patients, 181 were diagnosed with OSA and enrolled in the present study, and 127 completed follow-up visits at 6 months. The proportion of NAFLD in the mild-moderate OSA and severe OSA groups was 75.0% and 96.0%, respectively. MBS was effective at improving sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoxia, as well as liver steatosis and fibrosis (P

To investigate the effect of shRNA-regulated S100A4 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis in KLE endometrial cancer cells. S100A4-OVER and S100A4-shRNA were transfected into KLE endometrial cancer cells using lentiviral sh-RNA technology. Passive OVER-NC cell line and shRNA-NC cell line were used as a negative control group and non-transfected Control cell line as a blank control group. After 48 h of transfection, the expressions of S100A4 and protein were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. CCK-8 detection and flow cytometer were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Compared with the normal control group and the negative control group, the transfection efficiency and shRNA targeting of the shRNA-interfered S100A4 gene were verified at the levels of mRNA and protein expression. The expression of the disrupted S100A4 gene at S100A4 mRNA and protein levels in endometrial cancer cells was determined. The proliferation efficiency of KLE cells in S100A4-OVER group was significantly higher than that in other four groups; the proliferation rate of S100A4-shRNA cells decreased slightly;, the apoptotic rate of KLE cells in S100A4-shRNA group increased significantly, and the apoptotic rate of KLE cells in S100A4-OVER group decreased compared with NC group. Specific regulation of S100A4 gene expression:, the enhanced expression of the S100A4 gene may promote the proliferation of KLE endometrial cancer cells; the inhibited expression of the S100A4 gene may promote the apoptosis of KLE endometrial cancer cells. S100A4 expression is closely related to the biological characteristics of endometrial cancer.

A high precision calibration of the nonlinearity in the energy response of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment’s antineutrino detectors is presented in detail. The energy nonlinearity originates from the particle-dependent light yield of the scintillator and charge-dependent electronics response. The nonlinearity model is constrained by γ calibration points from deployed and naturally occurring radioactive sources, the β spectrum from ^(12)B decays, and a direct measurement of the electronics nonlinearity with a new flash analog-to-digital converter readout system. Less than 0.5% uncertainty in the energy nonlinearity calibration is achieved for positrons of kinetic energies greater than 1 MeV.

Mast cells are the main effector cells in allergic diseases. Allergic diseases are mostly a direct result of mast cell mediator release effects, while allergen activation is only one of many triggers for mast cell mediator secretion. Increased mast cell number, high mast cell reactivity, or both can lead to abnormal mast cell activation. Mast cell activated syndrome (MCAS) refers to a group or a"spectrum"of mediator-related, symptomatically similar diseases in which mast cells are stimulated by multiple factors. The symptoms and signs of mast cell disease overlap with allergic diseases, but the etiology is different, which requires clinical attention. This article summarizes the research progress on mast cell activation syndrome in recent years thus increase awareness of the differential diagnosis.肥大细胞是过敏性疾病的主要效应细胞，过敏性疾病的常见表现为肥大细胞被激活后释放介质引起的一系列临床症状。但过敏原激发只是肥大细胞活化的诱因之一。肥大细胞数目增多、高反应性，或者两者兼有，都可以导致肥大细胞异常活化释放颗粒。肥大细胞活化综合征（mast cell activation syndrome，MCAS），泛指肥大细胞受多种因素影响释放介质导致的介质相关的、症状相似的一组疾病。轻者仅表现为皮肤潮红、瘙痒、皮肤风团，重者可出现反复腹痛、低血压、休克，甚至危及生命。肥大细胞疾病患者的症状、体征与过敏性疾病交叉重叠，但病因不同，需引起临床关注。从肥大细胞介质释放的层面理解过敏性疾病，对于疾病预防、治疗及新药研发均有指导意义。.

Graphene is a promising material in membrane separation. However, high water permeability as well as high rejection against contaminants is still demanded yet challenging for graphene-based membranes fabrication. In this work, we synthesized an oxygen-containing group-modified reduced graphene oxide membrane (O-rGOM), which was designed by substituting the surface layers of rGO membranes with GO flakes. The number of oxygen-containing groups on membrane surface was modulated by the [GO]/[rGO] ratio during the construction of O-rGOM. Results demonstrated that a [GO]/[rGO] ratio of 1:4 was optimal, with oxygen-containing groups modifying the pore surface of rGO laminates effectively. Furthermore, the O-rGOM showed improved hydrophilicity and water permeability. In addition, modification of the oxygen-containing groups promoted the zeta potential around the membrane pore, resulting in enhanced electrostatic interaction between the membrane and charged contaminants. The O-rGOM structure exhibited 18.2% and 5.2% improvement in acid orange 7 and methylene blue rejection, respectively, as well as ∼2.6 times enhancement in water permeability compared with the rGOM. This work provides a feasible approach for the design of graphene-based membranes to improve filtration performance with enhanced water permeability.

The prediction of reactor antineutrino spectra will play a crucial role as reactor experiments enter the precision era. The positron energy spectrum of 3.5 million antineutrino inverse beta decay reactions observed by the Daya Bay experiment, in combination with the fission rates of fissile isotopes in the reactor, is used to extract the positron energy spectra resulting from the fission of specific isotopes. This information can be used to produce a precise, data-based prediction of the antineutrino energy spectrum in other reactor antineutrino experiments with different fission fractions than Daya Bay. The positron energy spectra are unfolded to obtain the antineutrino energy spectra by removing the contribution from detector response with the Wiener-SVD unfolding method. Consistent results are obtained with other unfolding methods. A technique to construct a data-based prediction of the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum is proposed and investigated. Given the reactor fission fractions, the technique can predict the energy spectrum to a 2% precision. In addition, we illustrate how to perform a rigorous comparison between the unfolded antineutrino spectrum and a theoretical model prediction that avoids the input model bias of the unfolding method., 22 pages, 10 figures, 6 supplemental materials

Conductive membranes provide a promising method to alleviate membrane fouling, but their cost-effective fabrication, which is urgently needed, is still a challenge. This paper describes the facile fabrication of an ultrafiltration conductive polypyrrole (PPy)-modified membrane (PMM) by in situ chemical polymerization of FeCl3 and monomer pyrrole vapor on a commercial membrane surface. The resulting membrane had a high electrical conductivity and an outstanding water flux of 2766.55 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. The preparation cost of the PPy deposition was $2.22/m2, which was ∼8% of the commercial ultrafiltration membrane cost. Once the PMM was charged at −1 V as a membrane electrode, the normalized water flux was maintained at 92.48 ± 1.14% after fouling by bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions, which was 18.82% higher than that when the PMM was not charged. The reduced membrane fouling was ascribed to the electrical repulsion between the negatively charged BSA and the PMM cathode. In addition, hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were generated by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation on the PMM surface through electron transfer by PPy, which facilitated foulant oxidation. The PPy on the PMM surface was oxidized after catalysis and electrochemically reduced when the PMM was charged as a cathode, exhibiting continuous catalytic ability for PMS activation. These findings provide an alternative method for the facile fabrication of cost-effective conductive membranes to mitigate membrane fouling.

Searches for electron antineutrino, muon neutrino, and muon antineutrino disappearance driven by sterile neutrino mixing have been carried out by the Daya Bay and MINOS+ collaborations. This Letter presents the combined results of these searches, along with exclusion results from the Bugey-3 reactor experiment, framed in a minimally extended four-neutrino scenario. Significantly improved constraints on the θ_{μe} mixing angle are derived that constitute the most constraining limits to date over five orders of magnitude in the mass-squared splitting Δm_{41}^{2}, excluding the 90% C.L. sterile-neutrino parameter space allowed by the LSND and MiniBooNE observations at 90% CL_{s} for Δm_{41}^{2}

To investigate the effect of shRNA-regulated S100A4 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis in KLE endometrial cancer cells.S100A4-OVER and S100A4-shRNA were transfected into KLE endometrial cancer cells using lentiviral sh-RNA technology. Passive OVER-NC cell line and shRNA-NC cell line were used as a negative control group and non-transfected Control cell line as a blank control group. After 48 h of transfection, the expressions of S100A4 and protein were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. CCK-8 detection and flow cytometer were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively.Compared with the normal control group and the negative control group, the transfection efficiency and shRNA targeting of the shRNA-interfered S100A4 gene were verified at the levels of mRNA and protein expression. The expression of the disrupted S100A4 gene at S100A4 mRNA and protein levels in endometrial cancer cells was determined. The proliferation efficiency of KLE cells in S100A4-OVER group was significantly higher than that in other four groups; the proliferation rate of S100A4-shRNA cells decreased slightly;, the apoptotic rate of KLE cells in S100A4-shRNA group increased significantly, and the apoptotic rate of KLE cells in S100A4-OVER group decreased compared with NC group.Specific regulation of S100A4 gene expression:, the enhanced expression of the S100A4 gene may promote the proliferation of KLE endometrial cancer cells; the inhibited expression of the S100A4 gene may promote the apoptosis of KLE endometrial cancer cells. S100A4 expression is closely related to the biological characteristics of endometrial cancer.

Providing a possible connection between neutrino emission and gravitational-wave (GW) bursts is important to our understanding of the physical processes that occur when black holes or neutron stars merge. In the Daya Bay experiment, using data collected from December 2011 to August 2017, a search has been performed for electron-antineutrino signals coinciding with detected GW events, including GW150914, GW151012, GW151226, GW170104, GW170608, GW170814, and GW170817. We used three time windows of $\mathrm{\pm 10~s}$, $\mathrm{\pm 500~s}$, and $\mathrm{\pm 1000~s}$ relative to the occurrence of the GW events, and a neutrino energy range of 1.8 to 100 MeV to search for correlated neutrino candidates. The detected electron-antineutrino candidates are consistent with the expected background rates for all the three time windows. Assuming monochromatic spectra, we found upper limits (90% confidence level) on electron-antineutrino fluence of $(1.13~-~2.44) \times 10^{11}~\rm{cm^{-2}}$ at 5 MeV to $8.0 \times 10^{7}~\rm{cm^{-2}}$ at 100 MeV for the three time windows. Under the assumption of a Fermi-Dirac spectrum, the upper limits were found to be $(5.4~-~7.0)\times 10^{9}~\rm{cm^{-2}}$ for the three time windows., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 9 tables

The integration of adsorbents with ultrafiltration (UF) membranes is a promising method for alleviating membrane fouling and reducing land use. However, adsorbents typically are only injected into the membrane tank once, resulting in a single dynamic protection layer and low removal efficiency over long-term operation. In addition, the granular adsorbents used can cause membrane surface damage. To overcome these disadvantages, we injected inexpensive and loose aluminum (Al)-based flocs directly into a membrane tank with bottom aeration in the presence of humic acid (HA) or raw water taken from the Miyun Reservoir (Beijing, China). Results showed that the flocs were well suspended in the membrane tank, and multiple dynamic floc protection layers were formed (sandwich-like) on the membrane surface with multiple batch injections. Higher frequency floc injections resulted in better floc utilization efficiency and less severe membrane fouling. With continuous injection, acid solutions demonstrated better performance in removing HA molecules, especially those with small molecular weight, and in alleviating membrane fouling compared with the use of high aeration rate or polyacrylamide injection. This was attributed to the small particle size, large specific surface area, and high zeta potential of the flocs. Additionally, excellent UF membrane performance was exhibited by reservoir water with continuous injection and acid solution. Based on the outstanding UF membrane performance, this innovative integrated filtration with loose Al-based flocs has great application potential for water treatment.

A novel electro-coagulation/oxidation membrane reactor (ECOMR), in which electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) were integrated into one reactor with the membrane module placed in the electric field zone between the electrodes, was designed to create synergistic coagulation and oxidation effects for mitigation of ultrafiltration membrane fouling. The results showed that EO modulated the morphology of the cake layer by breaking up humic acid (HA) molecules (i.e., carboxylic functional groups and aromatic structures), giving a more porous cake layer, while EC increased the hydrophilicity of the formed cake layer, leading to the alleviation of membrane fouling. The cake layer formed in the ECOMR by combination of EC and EO under electric fields was more hydrophilic and more porous, resulting in a normalized water flux about 9.57% and 13.2% higher than the EC membrane reactor (ECMR) and EO membrane reactor (EOMR), respectively. Moreover, the cake layers formed in the ECOMR exhibited lower affinity for the membrane surface, which meant they were easier to clean off. These findings demonstrate that the ECOMR is a promising water treatment technology to alleviate membrane fouling as well as improve water quality.

Graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes in desalination suffer from either low ion rejection or low water flux. Herein, an electroconductive three-dimensional hybrid membrane was successfully fabricated using reduced GO and carbon nanotubes (GCM) and exhibited great potential to break the trade-off between permeability and selectivity when it simultaneously performed as a filter membrane and an electrode. The intercalation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the reduced GO matrix not only created numerous water transport channels to promote permeability, but also increased the active adsorption sites for salt ions. The large specific surface area contributed to more capacitive counterions onto the GCM under applied bias, which resulted in stronger electrostatic repulsion between the capacitive ions on the GCM and counterions in solution, leading to an enhanced Donnan effect and remarkable salt rejection. The optimized GCM (containing 15% CNTs) achieved an outstanding NaCl rejection of 71%, which is three times higher than that without bias. Moreover, the GCM exhibited superior rejection ability for divalent cations and performed better under negative potential due to the pseudo-capacitance induced by the coordination of cations and oxygen-containing groups. These findings provide new insight for the future development of GO-based membranes.

The performance of electrocoagulation (EC) significantly depends on flocs properties that could be improved through regulating electrochemical parameters. However, little information has been collected to date regarding the relationship between flocs characteristics and electrochemical parameters. In this study, the influences of pH and current density ( j ) were investigated to characterize the flocs generated from EC process with aluminum anode. The results indicated that higher j performed better on HA removal due to a larger Al dosage. A highest efficiency in HA removal by EC process occurred at weak acidic range, where the flocs presented a stronger adsorption ability. Higher j and higher water pH led to a larger flocs size. The EC time to form the largest flocs was consistent with that to reach zero point charge, where surface charge favors the aggregation of Al(OH) 3 precursors to form large flocs. Flocs strength was positively correlated with applied j and negatively correlated with water pH. The flocs generated with low applied j and at low initial pH had a higher value of BET surface area and a more porous surface structure.

This Letter reports the first extraction of individual antineutrino spectra from ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu fission and an improved measurement of the prompt energy spectrum of reactor antineutrinos at Daya Bay. The analysis uses 3.5×10^{6} inverse beta-decay candidates in four near antineutrino detectors in 1958 days. The individual antineutrino spectra of the two dominant isotopes, ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu, are extracted using the evolution of the prompt spectrum as a function of the isotope fission fractions. In the energy window of 4-6 MeV, a 7% (9%) excess of events is observed for the ^{235}U (^{239}Pu) spectrum compared with the normalized Huber-Mueller model prediction. The significance of discrepancy is 4.0σ for ^{235}U spectral shape compared with the Huber-Mueller model prediction. The shape of the measured inverse beta-decay prompt energy spectrum disagrees with the prediction of the Huber-Mueller model at 5.3σ. In the energy range of 4-6 MeV, a maximal local discrepancy of 6.3σ is observed.

This work reports a precise measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux using 2.2 million inverse beta decay (IBD) events collected with the Daya Bay near detectors in 1230 days. The dominant uncertainty on the neutron detection efficiency is reduced by 56% with respect to the previous measurement through a comprehensive neutron calibration and detailed data and simulation analysis. The new average IBD yield is determined to be $(5.91\pm0.09)\times10^{-43}~\rm{cm}^2/\rm{fission}$ with total uncertainty improved by 29%. The corresponding mean fission fractions from the four main fission isotopes $^{235}$U, $^{238}$U, $^{239}$Pu, and $^{241}$Pu are 0.564, 0.076, 0.304, and 0.056, respectively. The ratio of measured to predicted antineutrino yield is found to be $0.952\pm0.014\pm0.023$ ($1.001\pm0.015\pm0.027$) for the Huber-Mueller (ILL-Vogel) model, where the first and second uncertainty are experimental and theoretical model uncertainty, respectively. This measurement confirms the discrepancy between the world average of reactor antineutrino flux and the Huber-Mueller model., 10 pages, 9 figures, and 2 tables

This Letter reports the first extraction of individual antineutrino spectra from ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu fission and an improved measurement of the prompt energy spectrum of reactor antineutrinos at Daya Bay. The analysis uses 3.5×10^{6} inverse beta-decay candidates in four near antineutrino detectors in 1958 days. The individual antineutrino spectra of the two dominant isotopes, ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu, are extracted using the evolution of the prompt spectrum as a function of the isotope fission fractions. In the energy window of 4-6 MeV, a 7% (9%) excess of events is observed for the ^{235}U (^{239}Pu) spectrum compared with the normalized Huber-Mueller model prediction. The significance of discrepancy is 4.0σ for ^{235}U spectral shape compared with the Huber-Mueller model prediction. The shape of the measured inverse beta-decay prompt energy spectrum disagrees with the prediction of the Huber-Mueller model at 5.3σ. In the energy range of 4-6 MeV, a maximal local discrepancy of 6.3σ is observed.

We report a measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation from the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment with nearly 4 million reactor $\overline{\nu}_{e}$ inverse beta decay candidates observed over 1958 days of data collection. The installation of a Flash-ADC readout system and a special calibration campaign using different source enclosures reduce uncertainties in the absolute energy calibration to less than 0.5% for visible energies larger than 2 MeV. The uncertainty in the cosmogenic $^9$Li and $^8$He background is reduced from 45% to 30% in the near detectors. A detailed investigation of the spent nuclear fuel history improves its uncertainty from 100% to 30%. Analysis of the relative $\overline{\nu}_{e}$ rates and energy spectra among detectors yields $\sin^{2}2\theta_{13} = 0.0856\pm 0.0029$ and $\Delta m^2_{32}=(2.471^{+0.068}_{-0.070})\times 10^{-3}~\mathrm{eV}^2$ assuming the normal hierarchy, and $\Delta m^2_{32}=-(2.575^{+0.068}_{-0.070})\times 10^{-3}~\mathrm{eV}^2$ assuming the inverted hierarchy., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table. v4: the published version

目的 评价清髓性异基因外周血干细胞移植（allo-PBSCT）后早期完全供者嵌合状态（FDC）对患者预后的预测意义。 方法 回顾性分析2016年2月至2017年7月行清髓性allo-PBSCT治疗的72例血液病患者临床资料。男44例，女28例，中位年龄36.5（4~59）岁。其中同胞全合供者35例、亲缘单倍型相合供者27例、无关供者10例。采用聚合酶链反应扩增短串联重复序列（PCR-STR）检测移植后1、2、3个月受者骨髓的供者细胞嵌合（DC）率。 结果 全部72例患者中位随访462（47~805）d，其中55例存活，2年总体生存（OS）率为（68.9±7.7）%；45例无病存活，2年无病生存（DFS）率为（59.5±6.3）%；16例复发，中位复发时间为移植后157（32~374）d，2年复发率（RR）为（24.1±5.3）%。40例（55.6%）患者发生急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD），中位发生时间为移植后35.5（13~90）d；23例（31.9%）发生慢性GVHD（cGVHD），中位发生时间为移植后169（94~475）d。单因素分析显示患者年龄、性别、供受者血型、供受者性别、是否发生aGVHD和cGVHD均不影响OS、DFS率及RR。移植后2个月达到FDC组患者OS、DFS率均高于未达FDC组[OS：（85.2±6.9）%对（66.1±7.7）%，P=0.051；DFS：（76.7±7.7）%对（48.9±8.1）%，P=0.021]，RR低于未达FDC组[（16.6±6.8）%对（30.4±7.8）%，P=0.187]。 结论 清髓性allo-PBSCT后早期患者是否达到FDC对移植预后具有重要预测价值，移植后2个月达FDC患者OS及DFS率明显高于未达FDC患者。

Coupling coagulation and applied electric field is an efficient method to regulate cake layer porosity and hydrophilicity for alleviating ultrafiltration membrane (UF) fouling. However, the Al/Fe flocs aggregation behavior are induced from electric field and determine the cake layer structure, which has not been studied comparatively yet. Herein, the anti-fouling performance in an efficient electro-coagulation membrane reactor (ECMR, in which UF membrane modules are placed between electrodes) was investigated with Al/Fe anode and various electrochemical parameters from the viewpoint of regulating flocs aggregation. Both the cake layers formed from Al and Fe flocs under an electric field were more porous and hydrophilic in comparison with that formed without electric fields, resulting in an enhanced water flux under higher electric field strength. Comparing with Fe flocs, Al flocs had a faster growth rate and larger size, facilitating membrane pore block resistant, which was more pronounced in a higher current density. Furthermore, the cake layer formed from Al flocs was more porous than that formed from Fe flocs. Therefore, the anti-fouling performance of ECMR with Al anode was superior to that of ECMR with Fe anode. When the electric field strength increased from 0 to 10 V/cm, the normalized specific flux was improved from 71.2% to 89.4% for ECMR (Al) and from 48.1% to 70.1% for ECMR (Fe) at 30 min.

Al13 polymer has been believed to be the most active species responsible for coagulation. The character of Al species distribution and the formation of Al13 polymer in electrocoagulation (EC) process were investigated in order to provide insight into optimizing EC operation and design. The results indicated that predominant Al species shifted from monomer toward medium polymer then to larger polymer or Al(OH)(s) with increasing EC time. The in-situ Al13 polymer could be generated in EC process, and became the dominant species during 5–15 min. In EC process, Al13 species fraction positively correlated with the removal of turbidity and organic. The increase of pH and current density could accelerate the hydrolysis-polymerization process of Al3+. pH 5–7 and lowering current density favored the formation of Al13 polymer during EC process, EC process with bipolar electrodes had a higher yield of monomeric and Al13 species, while EC process with monopolar electrodes facilitated the formation of larger polymer or Al(OH)(s). The content of Al13 polymer can reach more than 60% under optimal conditions.

The confinement effect on the coercive field in relaxor ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)[P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)] terpolymer nanowires with different diameters ranging from 30 to 170 nm was studied using piezoelectric force microscope. It was found that the coercive field increases significantly as the diameter of terpolymer nanowires decreases. The results can be explained by the conversion of molecule conformation from T3G to Tm>4 in the terpolymer nanowires, which is supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope.

The conductive membrane can improve water flux and selectivity when it is employed as a membrane electrode. However, stability of the membrane structure during electro-filtration is still a challenge. In this study, a conductive graphene hydrogel membrane (GHM) was fabricated by compaction of a graphene hydrogel under external pressure. The pore size of GHM was stable at ~100 nm under anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction state, which was beneficial for long term electro-control of membrane fouling. When the GHM was negatively charged, membrane fouling was mainly reduced by electrical repulsion, and in situ electro-oxidation played a primary role in the self-cleaning to recover water flux. The water flux of the GHM electrode with a bias of −1 V was 10% higher than that of the GHM without applied bias. After fouled by bovine serum albumin (BSA), the flux recovery ratio of GHM electrode could maximally achieve 99.0 ± 1.4% by the self-cleaning, indicating that almost all the foulants were removed from the GHM. Lower foulant concentration, higher electrolyte concentration, and longer self-cleaning time were beneficial to recover the flux. These findings provide a foundation for the development and application of the electro-membrane reactor (EMR) system using conductive membranes.

The influence of an electric field on graphene oxide (GO) membrane ion rejection rates was investigated. The variation in the rejection rate under unit voltage was used to evaluate the responsiveness of the GO membrane ion rejection rate in relation to an electric field. The results showed that the ratio of cations to anions in the nanochannel was a key factor that controlled the responsiveness to the electric field. The concentration of cations was higher than that of anions near GO flakes because the GO was negatively charged. The responsiveness was 0.62%/V for GO membranes without any membrane reduction, indicating that the rejection of Na2SO4 was enhanced by only 0.62% under a voltage of 1 V. When the GO membrane was partially reduced, the responsiveness increased to 21.83%/V due to the increased wrinkles (roughness), which increased specific capacitance of the membrane. With further reduction, the specific capacitance of the membrane was reduced due to the decreased charge density, leading to an enhanced Donnan effect under electric field. Therefore, the responsiveness decreased to 15.45%/V. These findings provide an effective method to promote ion rejection by regulating the responsiveness of membrane ion rejection to an electric field.

Electro-ultrafiltration is an effective method for mitigating membrane fouling. Herein, anti-fouling mechanisms for the electro-ultrafiltration of natural organic matter (NOM) were investigated to illuminate the significance of NOM molecular polarity and weight. Results indicated that the membrane flux of NOM electro-ultrafiltration was greatly enhanced by electric field (EF) application, and that the increase in membrane flux magnitude for electro-ultrafiltration was more pronounced for NOM with higher hydrophilicity and larger molecular weight. The electro-ultrafiltration flux of the hydrophilic substances in NOM was enhanced by up to 20% after applying the voltage. The enhancement of membrane flux was more prominent for the electro-ultrafiltration of humic acid (HA) solution with high ionic strength and coexisting Ca2+. With increasing EF strength in the electro-ultrafiltration of HA, membrane flux increased at first due to the electrokinetic migration of negatively charged HA, and then declined for fields larger than the critical EF, where electro-ultrafiltration reached maximum flux. The HA molecules became polarized under a high EF, which induced aggregation between the molecules and increased affinity between HA and the membrane. This facilitated the formation of a dense cake layer, leading to relatively severe membrane fouling under EF strengths larger than the critical EF.

The Daya Bay Experiment consists of eight identically designed detectors located in three underground experimental halls named as EH1, EH2, EH3, with 250, 265 and 860 meters of water equivalent vertical overburden, respectively. Cosmic muon events have been recorded over a two-year period. The underground muon rate is observed to be positively correlated with the effective atmospheric temperature and to follow a seasonal modulation pattern. The correlation coefficient $\alpha$, describing how a variation in the muon rate relates to a variation in the effective atmospheric temperature, is found to be $\alpha_{\text{EH1}} = 0.362\pm0.031$, $\alpha_{\text{EH2}} = 0.433\pm0.038$ and $\alpha_{\text{EH3}} = 0.641\pm0.057$ for each experimental hall., Comment: Updated to be identical to the published version

The leakage current mechanism of ferroelectric copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene prepared by Langmuir–Blodgett was investigated in the temperature range from 100 K to 350 K. The electron as the dominant injected carrier was observed in the ferroelectric copolymer films. The transport mechanisms in copolymer strongly depend on the temperature and applied voltage. From 100 K to 200 K, Schottky emission dominates the conduction. With temperature increasing, the Frenkel–Poole emission instead of the Schottky emission to conduct the carrier transport. When the temperature gets to 260 K, the leakage current becomes independent of temperature, and the space charge limited current conduction was observed.

A novel electrocoagulation membrane reactor (ECMR) was developed, in which ultrafiltration (UF) membrane modules are placed between electrodes to improve effluent water quality and reduce membrane fouling. Experiments with feedwater containing clays (kaolinite) and natural organic matter (humic acid) revealed that the combined effect of coagulation and electric field mitigated membrane fouling in the ECMR, resulting in higher water flux than the conventional combination of electrocoagulation and UF in separate units (EC-UF). Higher current densities and weakly acidic pH in the EMCR favored faster generation of large flocs and effectively reduced membrane pore blocking. The hydraulic resistance of the formed cake layers on the membrane surface in ECMR was reduced due to an increase in cake layer porosity and polarity, induced by both coagulation and the applied electric field. The formation of a polarized cake layer was controlled by the applied current density and voltage, with cake layers formed under higher electric field strengths showing higher porosity and hydrophilicity. Compared to EC-UF, ECMR has a smaller footprint and could achieve significant energy savings due to improved fouling resistance and a more compact reactor design.

This study aimed to explore the expression of MALAT1 and its correlation with TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic cardiomyocytes. Then, the effect of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) on LPS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is further studied.The hub genes in cell response to LPS treatments was analyzed by using Affymetrix gene profiling data downloaded from GEO dataset (GSE3140). Mice model of sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. HL-1 cells were used as the in vitro cell model. MALAT1 and serum amyloid antigen 3 (SAA3) expression were measured by the qRT-PCR analysis. IL-6, TNF-α, and SAA3 concentrations were quantified by the ELISA assay. Flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL assay were performed to detect cell apoptosis.IL-6 is a hub gene in cell response to LPS treatment and induces MALAT1 upregulation in cardiomyocytes. MALAT1 siRNA had an inhibitive effect, while MALAT1 overexpression showed enhancing effect on LPS induced TNF-α elevation. HL-1 cells treated with LPS had significantly elevated SAA3 expression. Inhibition of SAA during LPS treatment significantly reduced the TNF-α expression, while the addition of apo SAA significantly abrogated the suppressive effect of MALAT1 siRNA on TNF-α expression. HL-1 cells transfected with MALAT1 siRNA were less susceptible to LPS-induced cell apoptosis and with a lower apoptosis rate than the control group.IL-6 induced MALAT1 upregulation in cardiomyocytes in response to LPS treatment. MALAT1 can enhance TNF-α expression at least partly via SAA3 in LPS-treated cardiomyocytes. MALAT1 upregulation is a mechanism of cardiomyocyte death in response to the LPS stimulation.