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Aim: To evaluate the association between functional literacy and the recognition of the word “bruxism” among adolescentes. Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a mid-sized city in Brazil. The sample consisted of 375 schoolchildren, age 12, and 368, aged 15 to 19 years, selected at random. Two calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.80) applied the oral health literacy instrument, validated for adolescents, the “Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry” (BREALD-30) and the recognition of the word “bruxism” was used as a dependent variable, in addition to a questionnaire on functional literacy (Functional Literacy Index – INAF). Parents/caregivers answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. Unadjusted analysis and logistic regression were performed for complex samples (p < 0.05). Results: In the final model, the 12-year-old adolescents who were most likely not to recognize the word “bruxism” were those from public schools (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.79-4.46; p = 0.001), without health insurance (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.21-3.37; p = 0.007), and with a lower level of functional literacy (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1, 66-4.26; p < 0.001). Adolescents, aged 15 to 19, who had a greater chance of not recognizing the word “bruxism” were those with the lowest level of functional literacy (OR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.93-5.60; p < 0.001), who lived with more people at home (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.02-4.11; p = 0.040), who had parents/guardians with a low level of education (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.15-3.36; p = 0.013). and who had never been to the dentist (OR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.26-7.52; p = 0.03). Conclusion: The recognition of the term “bruxism” among 12-year-olds was influenced by the presence of a health plan and a higher level of functional literacy. In the older age group, the higher level of functional literacy, the smaller number of people at home, the higher level of education of the person in charge, and the individual’s visit to the dentist influenced the recognition of the term. Uniterms: Health literacy. Bruxism. Oral health. Pediatric dentistry.

Background Bruxism is a repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles that has been associated with orofacial disorders and psychosocial factors AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between possible awake bruxism (PAB) and family functioning, bullying, and dental caries in children 8-10 years of age. Design A school-based study was conducted with 739 pairs of parents/guardians and children. The parents/guardians answered the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales for the establishment of family functioning. Information on bullying due to dental conditions was collected from the children. Dental caries in the children was evaluated using International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria. A directed acyclic graph was used to define the theoretical model and select control factors. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by multivariate logistic regression for complex samples. Results Considering the parental reports, fewer years of mother's schooling, a low family income, very flexible family adaptability, and cavitated dental caries were associated with PAB. The female sex, bullying, and orofacial dysfunction were associated with self-reported PAB. Conclusions Therefore, the factors associated with PAB differ according to the reports of parents/guardians or self-reports of children. Healthcare providers should consider both reports for a more effective intervention addressing PAB.

External factors during social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic might have influenced human behavior and impacted the different chronotype’s profiles. This cross-sectional study evaluated...

Confinement by COVID-19 was a stressful period that could potentially trigger awake bruxism (AB) and/or sleep bruxism (SB) behaviors. This study aims to characterize the AB and SB behaviors reported by Portuguese dental students before the pandemic and during the first period of mandatory confinement by COVID-19. Dental students were included in this longitudinal study. They answered the Portuguese validated version of the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC) before the COVID-19 pandemic emerged (T1) and one month after mandatory confinement started in Portugal (T2). Descriptive statistics and the linear-by-linear association test were performed to assess changes over time (p ≤ 0.05). Sixty-four dental students (mean age 22.5 ± 2.8 years; 81.5% females) completed the study protocol. Considering AB, there was a general increase of the behavior from T1 to T2. The percentage of participants who reported to “grind their teeth when waking up” just few times decreased (p < 0.001) and the percentage of participants who reported “feeling discomfort/tension in the facial muscles when waking up just few times” increased (p = 0.019). Considering SB, there was a significant decrease of the behavior in all samples. The number of “None” report to grinding teeth during sleep or when waking up increased (p = 0.012). An increase in the self-reporting of feeling discomfort in masticatory muscles when awake or sleeping was observed (p = 0.028). The percentage of participants who did “not remember” any AB or SB activity decreased (p < 0.050). The confinement due to COVID-19 resulted in a forced change in dental students’ lifestyles that resulted in an increase of reported AB and a decrease of reported SB. Clinical Significance: In case of confinement periods, students should be encouraged to try normalizing their daily life by creating healthy routines and, by doing so, reducing the possible predisposition to bruxism and its consequences.

To evaluate the association between the severity of possible sleep bruxism (PSB) and possible awake bruxism (PAB) and attrition tooth wear facets (ATWF) in children/adolescents.Four hundred-thirty-four children/adolescents enrolled in schools in Lavras, Brazil, participated in this cross-sectional study. Caregivers answered a questionnaire about their childrens' PSB. Children/adolescents answered a questionnaire about the occurrence of PAB.ATWF among individuals without PSB and PAB was lower than those with moderate/severe PSB (The number of attrition tooth wear facets is proportional to the severity of PSB and PAB.

Summary Objectives The assessment of bruxism and its clinical characteristics is acknowledged in literature. This study aimed to evaluate the association of adolescents’ facial patterns with bruxism and its related clinical features in the form of signs and symptoms. Materials and methods Four hundred and three adolescents answered a questionnaire evaluating sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB). Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire evaluating the adolescents’ sleep features (drooling on the pillow, snoring). Adolescents’ facial (dolichofacial/brachyfacial/mesofacial) and clinical features (pain in masseter/temporal muscle, indentations marks on the tongue, linea alba, tooth attrition, mouth's maximum opening and masseter electrical activity) were evaluated. Multinomial regression was performed. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were provided. Results Brachyfacial adolescents were less likely to present possible AB compared to mesofacials (OR = 0.46, CI = 0.21–0.98). Brachyfacial adolescents were more likely to present pain in the temporal muscle (OR = 6.59, CI = 2.18–19.87) and a higher number of posterior teeth with attrition (OR = 1.25, CI = 1.02–1.57) compared to mesofacials. Dolichofacial adolescents were more likely of not presenting pain in the masseter muscle (OR = 2.23, CI = 1.03–4.83), had a higher mouth's maximum opening (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.04–1.97), had a higher number of posterior teeth with attrition (OR = 1.17, CI = 1.00–1.37) and were more likely to drool on the pillow (OR = 2.05, CI = 1.15–3.67) compared to mesofacials. Dolichofacial adolescents were more likely of not presenting pain in the temporal muscle (OR = 6.36, CI = 2.30–17.54), to present themselves without marks on the tongue (OR = 2.26, CI = 1.09–4.69) and present a higher mouth's maximum opening (OR = 2.09, CI = 1.40–3.13) compared to brachyfacials. Conclusion Bruxism and its clinical features differ among dolichofacial, brachyfacial and mesofacial adolescents.

Objectives Given that current literature largely dissociates dental malocclusion and bruxism, the objective of this study was to gather, through a systematic review, scientific evidence to support their relationship. Methodology This study was performed according to the PECO strategy (where P = general population; E = dental malocclusion; C = no dental malocclusion; and O = bruxism). Literature searches were conducted without language or date restrictions in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, LILACS/BBO via VHL and the grey literature. The search strategy included Medical Subject Headings/DECs, synonyms and free terms relevant to each database, with no age restrictions applied. Once the relevant data were extracted from the articles, the Fowkes and Fulton guidelines were followed to assess the quality and risk of bias. For quantitative analysis, dental malocclusions were divided into groups according to their type in order to perform odds ratio (OR) meta-analyses with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the Review Manager software program (Cochrane, London, UK). The level of certainty of evidence was demonstrated through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Results After 1,502 studies found, 10 studies were included for qualitative analysis and nine for quantitative synthesis. Four studies presented high methodological quality. Five meta-analyses suggested a non-association between bruxism and Angle class I (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.41-2.69; P = .92; I2 = 84%), Angle class II (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.77-2.87; P = .23; I2 = 71%) or Angle class III (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.31-1.93; P = .58; I2 = 0%). Bruxism was associated with children who did not present with a posterior crossbite (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51-0.96; P = .03; I2 = 27%) and present crowding (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.03-2.26; P = .03; I2 = 0%). The GRADE analysis presented a very low quality of evidence. Conclusion Individuals who present with bruxism have a greater chance of crowding. However, bruxism is not associated with the presence of any of the other malocclusions evaluated.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the factors associated with the search by Brazilian and Portuguese dentists for oral health information on social networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 597 Brazilian and Portuguese dentists answered an online questionnaire between January 17 and 31, 2021. Respondents were asked about sociodemographic data, weight and height, hours of sleep per night, screen time for work and leisure, and where they sought information about general and/or oral health for themselves and for their loved ones and information about COVID-19. Descriptive statistics and binary regression were used for the statistical analysis. Most participants were Brazilian (62.8%) and 451 (75.5%) were female. Mean age was 42.1 years (± 12.5 years). For every lost hour of sleep, the chances of participants frequently or always searching for information about self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites increased by 1.33 times. For every additional hour spent on social networks or on the Internet, the likelihood of participants frequently searching for self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites increased by 17% (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06–1.30). Individuals who searched the Internet for information about COVID-19 symptoms before consulting their doctors were 3.85 times more likely (95% CI: 2.22–6.67) to frequently or always search for information about self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites. Dentists used lay websites to search for general and oral health knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic, and shorter sleep duration favored screen use.

This study aimed to develop, validate, and apply a scale assessing knowledge of sleep-related myths and truths and associate it with sociodemographic factors.A scale with 15 questions was created, containing statements about the characteristics of sleep and related to sleep and dentistry. Each answer ranged from 0 to 4 points, generating a total score from 0 to 60, where higher scores represented greater knowledge. A preliminary study with 200 people assessed its convergent and discriminant construct validity, internal consistency, and temporal stability. The main study included 1965 respondents over 18 years. Additionally, sociodemographic data were collected and a classification of the level of knowledge was performed. Data were analyzed with Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA (p 0.05).The questionnaire showed convergent (p 0.001) and discriminant (p = 0.024) construct validity, internal consistency (alpha = 0.7), and temporal stability (ICC = 0.87). In the main study, 90.3% of the participants had moderate and high knowledge, with the score ranging from 24 to 58. Adults over 28 years old (p 0.001), from the southern region of Brazil (p 0.001), who lived in capital or metropolitan areas (p 0.001), with higher education (p 0.001), without religion (p 0.001), and involved in dentistry (p 0.001) had greater knowledge than their peers.The scale presented good psychometric properties. Most participants had moderate and high knowledge on sleep, with a difference in knowledge related to the age, region and area of residence, education, involvement with dentistry, and religion.

Objective To determine whether distraction techniques (DT) reduce children's/adolescent's anxiety and fear during dental treatment. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which any type of DT were used to manage dental anxiety and dental fear in children/adolescents were included. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and Google Scholar was conducted. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, assessed methodological quality of studies using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool (CCRBT), and approached certainty of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Data were analysed descriptively. Results Twenty studies covering several types of DT (audio, audiovisual, instruments camouflage, biofeedback, dental operating microscope, toys) were included. Qualitative analysis showed with very low certainty of evidence that DT effectively reduced dental anxiety and fear depending on the distraction type, instrument used to measure dental anxiety and dental fear, and dental procedure. CCRBT evaluation identified many methodological issues in included studies. Conclusion There is a very low certainty of evidence that DT can be effective in managing children's/adolescents' dental fear and anxiety during dental treatment. The heterogeneity of methodologies and findings in the studies, however, suggests more robust, and well-executed RCTs are needed.

Modern lifestyle and social demands induce changes in sleep routines that may not meet individual circadian preferences (chronotype). Such changes may be associated with the development of unhealthy lifestyles and the emergence of diseases relevant to public health services, such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes

Purpose The Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) concept was the basis for developing a smartphone application for the on-time report of awake bruxism (AB) activities. This study aims to monitor AB report over time in a population of healthy young adults. Methods A population of young adults recruited among dental students in good general health was recruited. All answered to a questionnaire, including the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC - 1). They were then monitored with a smartphone application for AB report during seven consecutive days and completed three further observation periods (EMA - 1, 2 and 3) at one-month intervals. After the third period (EMA -3), participants answered again the OBC questionnaire (OBC - 2). Changes over time were described and Pearson Correlation test was performed to assess the correlation between EMA and OBC items reports. A significance level of p = 0.01 was set. Results Thirty-one University students completed the study protocol. Answers to the OBC showed an increase in the prevalence of self-reported bracing and teeth clenching from the first to second report (38.7% to 54.8% and 77.4% to 90.3%, respectively). A slight increase in the "relaxed" condition (62.5% to 69.0%) was observed with EMA-based smartphone application over time. No correlation between OBC items and EMA was detected between OBC-1 and EMA-1. A moderate positive correlation in bracing report (+0.509, p=0.01) and weak positive correlation in teeth contact report (+0.380, p=0.05) was found between OBC-2 and EMA-3. Conclusion Using a smartphone-based approach to AB report may be helpful to monitor AB over time and increase an individual's awareness to recognize actions such as bracing and teeth contact concerning the single-time report.

Objective Investigate the association between sleep disorders and probable sleep bruxism (SB) in children eight to ten years of age. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren in Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the sleep disturbance scale for children, and the Circadian Energy Scale. Parafunctional habits were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening. Multivariate logistic regression was performed (α = 5%), and a directed acyclic graph was used in the statistical model. Results The prevalence of probable SB was 9.1% and 58.6% of the children had sleep disorders. In the final model, having unmarried parents/guardians (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.07-3.65), exhibiting parafunctional habits (OR = 2.02; CI: 1.01-4.06), not practicing sports (OR = 1.92; CI: 1.04-3.54), sleep-wake transition disorders (SWTD) (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.12-3.62), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (OR = 2.17; 95%CI: 1.11-4.29) were significant associated with probable SB. Conclusion The occurrence of probable sleep bruxism was influenced by the marital status of the parents/guardians, parafunctional habits, the non-practice of sports, and sleep disturbance (SWTD and EDS). This research contributes to the planning of public policies that include educational regimens at school to prevent sleep disorders and favor the reduction in sleep bruxism prevalence.

BACKGROUND Bruxism is characterized by tooth grinding and/or clenching. AIM To evaluate the association between possible awake bruxism (PAB) and bullying among individuals aged 8-11 years. DESIGN A representative cross-sectional study was conducted with 434 eight- to eleven-year-old children/adolescents. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire to provide data on sociodemographic characteristics. Children/adolescents answered a questionnaire about the occurrence of PAB. The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used. The Poisson regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Of the 434 children/adolescents, 209 (48.2%) were boys and 225 (51.8%) were girls. The mean age of the children/adolescents was 9.14 years (±1.00). Children/adolescents who were victims of bullying (PR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.14-2.04, P = .005) and bullies-victims (PR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.36-3.17, P = .001) presented a higher frequency of PAB than those who were not involved in bullying. CONCLUSION Children/adolescents who were bullying victims and bullies-victims had a higher frequency of PAB.

To synthesise and critically review the association between sleep bruxism (SB) and stress symptoms in adults. A systematic review was performed. The search was completed using seven primary electronic databases in addition to a grey literature search. Two reviewers blindly selected studies based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Risk of bias of the included articles was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. RevMan 5.4 was used to perform the meta-analysis. The quality of evidence was evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Ten studies were included for qualitative analysis, of which three were included for quantitative analysis. Three studies were evaluated to have low risk of bias, and seven were assessed with moderate risk of bias. Quality of evidence was classified as very low for all outcomes. Individuals with SB were found to have higher levels of some self-reported stress symptoms as assessed through questionnaires with a mean difference of 4.59 (95% CI 0.26-8.92). Biomarkers like epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, adrenaline, dopamine, noradrenaline and prolidase enzyme levels also showed a positive association with SB. Although some associations were identified between probable SB and self-reported stress symptoms and biomarkers of stress in adults, given that the quality of evidence was found to be very low, caution should be exercised in interpreting these results. These findings suggest that additional and better designed studies are warranted in order to clarify the link between SB and stress.

Summary Background During COVID‐19 pandemic, children are confined at home, with changes in family routines. Aim Evaluate sleep disorders among Brazilian and Portuguese children during social distancing, and its association with parental perception of child’s oral hygiene. Design In this cross‐sectional study, Portuguese and Brazilian parents/caregivers of 3‐15‐year‐old children, practicing social distancing due to COVID‐19 pandemic, answered an online questionnaire, from April 24th‐26th 2020, evaluating sociodemographic characteristics, child’s school activities online, child’s sleep quality during social distancing. Two questions from the questionnaire, developed based on previous studies, evaluated the parental perception of child’s oral hygiene quality and routine changes during social distancing. Parents/caregivers answered five domains of the Portuguese‐language version of the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children, evaluating sleep–breathing disorders, disorders of arousal, sleep–wake transition disorders, disorders of excessive somnolence and sleep hyperhidrosis. Descriptive, Linear‐by‐linear association, Kruskal‐Wallis and Post‐Hoc analysis were performed (P≤0.05). Results Participated in the study 253 parents/caregivers, 50.2% from Brazil. Most parents (72.2%) reported changes in child’s routine during social distancing. Sleep–breathing disorders (P=0.019), sleep–wake transition disorders (P=0.022) and disorders of excessive somnolence (P

Background: The lack of mothers’ understanding and information can increase their anxiety and lead to unhealthy behaviors, such as pacifier-use, in their children. Aim: This study aimed to perform pathway analysis of pacifier use by children whose mothers were hearing impaired or had normal hearing. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 116 Brazilian mothers (29 hearing impaired and 87 with normal hearing). Mothers were interviewed about socioeconomic factors and their children’s pacifier use habits. They also completed the deaf or hearing versions of the Brazilian Beck Anxiety Inventory. The pathway analysis was used to determine the effects of different variables in the two groups. Results: The child pacifier use pathway among hearing mothers was associated with a long duration of pacifier use (P=0.005), bottle-feeding use (P=0.004), and mothers who had maternity leave (P=0.004). The child pacifier use pathway among mothers who were deaf was associated with premature birth (P=0.025) and a short duration of pacifier use (P=0.005). Mothers who were deaf were also more anxious than those who have normal hearing (P=0.002). Conclusions: Children of normal hearing mothers used a pacifier for a longer duration than the children of mothers who were deaf. Time of pacifier use was also directly affected by bottle-feeding and maternity leave. Relevance for Patients: These findings provide important information about the cultural path of pacifier use taken by families that had members with and without hearing impairment.

Objective: To assess the association between self-reported awake bruxism (AB) and the chronotype profile among Brazilian, Portuguese, and Italian dental students.Methods: A cross-sectional ...

Aim: To evaluate the association between malocclusion severity and psychosocial issues among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: The study sample consisted of 120 adolescents between 11 and 12 years, patients at the Dental School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Psychosocial issues were assessed by means of two questions, through which the adolescents were asked about whether a classmate had teased or called them names due to the condition of their teeth, or whether the adolescents had felt upset due to their teeth. The higher the response scores the greater the psychosocial impact. Malocclusion was evaluated with the Dental Aest-hetic. Index, with assignment of individuals to the following sub-groups: mild malocclusion (DAI≤25), moderate malocclusion (DAI=26–30), definite malocclusion (DAI=31–35) and severe malocclusion (DAI≥36). Results: Adolescents’ mean age was 11.50 years. The more severe the malocclusion the greater the frequency of episodes of teasing or name-calling because of the condition of the teeth (p=0.010), and the greater the frequency of episodes when the adolescents had felt upset due to their teeth (p=0.001). Individuals with severe malocclusion had a higher frequency of episodes during which they were teased or called names due to the condition of their teeth when compared to individuals with mild malocclusion (p=0.013). Individuals with severe malocclusion had a higher frequency of episodes in which they felt upset due to their teeth when compared to individuals with mild malocclusion (p

Aim: To assess the impact of severe malocclusion on adolescents’ oral health- related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: This study consisted of a sample of 117 adolescents between 11 and 12 years, who answered the Brazilian version of the short form of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14). This questionnaire has 16 items distributed equally across four domains: oral symptoms (OS), functional limitations (FL), emotional well-being (EW) and social well-being (SW). Higher scores indicate a greater negative impact on OHRQoL. Malocclusion was evaluated using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Adolescents were assigned to the following categories: no or slight malocclusion, defined malocclusion and severe alocclusion. Descriptive analysis, the Kruskal Wallis test, post hoc test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted. Results: Individuals with severe malocclusion presented significantly higher scores than those with no or slight malocclusion for the EW (p=0.001), SW (p=0.027) and for the overall CPQ11-14 score (p=0.015). Adolescents with severe malocclusion showed a 2.63 greater chance of presenting a high negative impact on OHRQoL than those with no or slight malocclusion regardless of the confounding variables (CI=1.07–6.45, p=0.035). Conclusion: Severe malocclusion negatively impacts adolescents’ OHRQoL. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da má oclusão severa na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de adolescentes (OHRQoL). Métodos: Este estudo consistiu em uma amostra de 117 adolescentes entre 11 e 12 anos, que responderam à versão brasileira da forma abreviada do Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11- 14). Este questionário tem 16 itens distribuídos igualmente em quatro domínios: sintomas bucais (SO), limitações funcionais (LF), bem-estar emocional (BE) e bem- estar social (BS). Escores mais altos indicam um impacto negativo maior na OHRQoL. A má oclusão foi avaliada por meio do Índice Estético Dental. Os adolescentes foram alocados nas seguintes categorias: sem má oclusão/má oclusão leve, má oclusão definitiva e má oclusão severa. Análise descritiva, teste de Kruskal Wallis, teste de Dunn, regressão logística univariada e multivariada foram conduzidas. Resultados: Indivíduos com má oclusão severa apresentaram escores significativamente mais elevados do que aqueles sem má oclusão/má oclusão leve para o BE (p=0,001), BS (p=0,027) e para o escore total do CPQ11-14 (p=0,015). Adolescentes com má oclusão severa apresentaram 2,63 vezes mais chance de apresentar um impacto negativo alto na OHRQoL do que aqueles sem má oclusão/má oclusão leve, independentemente das variáveis de confusão (IC=1,07-6,45, p=0,035). Conclusão: A má oclusão severa afeta negativamente a OHRQoL dos adolescentes.

AIM To determine the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and associated factors among schoolchildren. DESIGN This cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of 440 schoolchildren. The children were submitted to a clinical oral examination for the evaluation of tooth wear and/or muscle discomfort. Parents/caregivers filled out a questionnaire with information related to characteristic sounds of sleep bruxism, sociodemographic factors, and the presence of harmful oral habits of children. The stress of the mothers was measured through the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (LSSI) instrument. The child's stress was measured through the Child Stress Scale (CSS). Data analysis included descriptive analysis and hierarchical Poisson regression (95% CI, P

Objective: To assess sleep bruxism prevalence and its association with circadian preference and sleep-related characteristics among dental students. Methods: Dental students of the Federal University of Minas Gerais participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants answered a scale assessing individuals' circadian preference, and a questionnaire regarding sleep-related characteristics and behaviors, history of muscle ache in the temporomandibular area, and history of bruxism. Results: One hundred fifty-two students participated in the study. Sleep bruxism was reported by 11.3%. Most students (63.2%) were classified as intermediary, 34.9% as morningness, and 1.3% as eveningness. Individuals who reported muscle ache in the temporomandibular area in the morning (PR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.1-11.5) were more likely to be in the group with sleep bruxism. Conclusion: Muscle ache in the temporomandibular area is an important associated factor with sleep bruxism among dental students. Special attention should be paid to dental students' circadian preference.

Sleep bruxism (SB) in children has been associated with several sleep characteristics, which may alter their sleep pattern. This change affects the internal biological clock and consequently the chronotype profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of an association between possible SB in children with specific chronotype profiles and sleep characteristics. The study included 207 parents/guardians of children aged between 3 and 12 years who were waiting for their children's dental treatment at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A questionnaire on the socio-demographic characteristics of parents and children as well as on the features of the children's sleep was applied. In addition, the CIRENS scale (Circadian Energy Scale) was completed by the parents to identify the children's chronotype. A chi-squared test was used to determine the association between possible SB, the chronotype, and sleep characteristics. A multiple logistic regression model was implemented to observe the influence of chronotype, age, and other independent variables on the possible SB. The logistic regression model demonstrated that nocturnal agitation (p = 0.009; OR = 3.42) and nightmares (p = 0.045; OR = 3.24) were associated with possible SB in children. Although no significant association (p = 0 .089) between the chronotype profile and possible SB was observed in the 3 to 5 years age group, a proportional difference was observed between the chronotype categories in this age group-12.5% of children with SB had a morning type, while 26.4% had an intermediate type and 47.8% an evening type compared to those without possible SB. Nocturnal agitation and nightmares were associated with possible SB. In addition, young children with an evening chronotype had a tendency toward possible SB.

To evaluate the prevalence of sleep bruxism and associated factors among children aged 3–12 years as reported by parents via a questionnaire. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 148 parents/caregivers of children aged 3–12 years treated at paediatric dentistry clinics. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire in the waiting room. Information on the gender and age of the child, age of parent/caregiver, meaning of bruxism and child’s sleep (type of sleep, if he/she slept alone, hours of sleep per night and if nocturnal bruxism could affect his/her health) were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed and Poisson regression with robust variance was employed (p

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with high dental fear among Brazilian university students, especially the effect of a negative dental experience in childhood. This paired case-control study was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais in Brazil. Dental, psychology and mathematics students were divided into cases (high fear) and controls (low fear), defined by cluster analysis, according to the items of the Dental Fear Survey (DFS). Cases (n = 65) and controls (n = 260) participants were paired (1:4) by gender, undergraduate course and social vulnerability. The students self-reported the DFS and a questionnaire about oral health. Descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression were used as statistical tests with a significance level of 5%. The multivariate model showed that students who reported negative dental experiences in childhood (OR = 2·97; 95% CI: 1·44-6·14), toothache in the last 12 months (OR = 11·31; 95% CI: 4·79-26·68), discomfort during dental treatment (OR = 5·36; 95% CI: 2·53-11·36) and poor self-evaluation of oral health (OR = 3·82; 95% CI: 1·61-8·11) were more likely to have high dental fear. Negative dental experiences in childhood influence dental fear in adulthood. Oral health education should be addressed among university students to reduce dental fear.

Objective: To analyze the difference of socioeconomic factors among mothers of preterm and full-term infants. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was developed with 250 mothers of children aged three to five years. The sample was divided into two groups: 125 mothers of preterm infants from the referral center of a public hospital in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil and 125 mothers of children born full-term at a daycare center within the same city. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect socioeconomic data and type of breastfeeding. To verify if there was association between the dependent variable gestational age at birth and the independent variables, the chi-square test was used. A final model with multiple Poisson regression estimated prevalence ratio values for each independent variable was developed . Results: The final multiple regression model showed that mothers that have a low monthly income of up to USD 450.28 (PR = 1.979, 95% CI = 1.082–3.620), used drugs, cigarettes, or alcohol during their pregnancy (PR = 4.095, 95% CI = 2.422–6.921), and did not breastfeed (PR = 2.294, 95% CI = 1.205–4.369) were more likely to give birth to preterm infants . Conclusion: It was concluded that low monthly family income, use of drugs, alcohol, or smoking during pregnancy and absence of breastfeeding were more frequent on mothers of preterm infants.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Management of sleep bruxism in adults: A qualitative systematic literature review. Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Winocur E, Lobbezoo F. J Oral Rehab 2015;42:862-74. Source of Funding The authors declare that they did not receive any financial support for this article Type of Study/Design Systematic review

The aim of this study was to verify the oral habits, symptoms, and characteristics of some children aged 8 to 10 years that could be associated with possible sleep bruxism. A cross-sectional study was performed. Questionnaires were sent to parents to obtain information on sex, age, school shift, sleep quality, parents’ perception of children’s behavior, and children’s oral habits (nail biting, object biting, and lip biting), and symptoms such as headache or earache. In addition, parents reported the frequency of sleep bruxism (no day to 7 days a week). Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed and the level of significance was set at 5%. A total of 1,554 parents of children aged 8 to 10 years participated in this study. Possible sleep bruxism was reported as mild for 65.7%, moderate for 25.3%, and severe for 9% of the children. In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression, boys were 79% more likely to have sleep bruxism (OR: 1.79; 95%CI 1.23–2.60) and were 2.06 more times at risk of being in the habit of lip biting (OR: 2.06; 95%CI 1.26–3.37). Children with possible severe sleep bruxism were 61% more likely to develop object biting (OR: 1.61; 95%CI 1.09–2.39), 52% more likely to have headaches (OR: 1.52; 95%CI 1.01–2.28), and 3.29 more times at risk of poor sleep quality (OR: 3.29; 95%CI 2.25–4.82). Based on the report, boys with lip and object biting habits, headaches, and poor sleep quality presented a higher chance of possible severe sleep bruxism.

To elucidate current knowledge on the potential association and causality between sleep bruxism (SB) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using full-night polysomnography. Search strategies were developed for PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, MEDLINE, and BBO-ODO and conducted until May 2019. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Qu-ATEBS tool. Two hundred seventy articles were identified and after independent screening of abstracts by two authors, 17 articles underwent full-text reading. Ten articles were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria and 7 were included in qualitative synthesis. Four studies support the association between SB and OSA: (a) a subtype of OSA patients may have SB as a protective response to respiratory events, (b) most episodes of bruxism occur shortly after the end of apnea/hypopnea (AH) events, (c) bruxism episodes occur secondary to arousals arising from AH events, and (d) there is a correlation between the frequency of SB and AH events, and three studies did not support: (e) AH episodes are related to non-specific SB oromotor activities, (f) SB episodes are not directly associated with the end of AH events, and (g) patients with OSA did not experience more SB events than control group. There is no scientific evidence to support a conclusive relationship between SB and OSA. Further, well-designed and randomized studies with control groups are needed to investigate whether possible mechanisms common to SB and OSA exist and whether OSA treatment could improve SB negative oral health outcomes in patients with SB and comorbidity of OSA.

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a behavior of central origin that is related to different factors. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms of the masticatory system and their association in children with SB. A structured search in ten databases were taken. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted the data, study quality assessment and graded the evidence. A meta-analysis of proportion and association was performed under random-effect model, confidence interval of 95% and p 0.05 for pulled values. Were included 22 studies, and their overall quality was poor. The more common clinical signs and symptoms of the masticatory system in children with SB were primary canine wear (P:84.13, 95% CI:78.13-89.32; p = 0.248; I

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between respiratory disorders and sleep bruxism, with an evaluation of demographic/socioeconomic factors and childhood stress as confounding variables. A cross-sectional study was performed in the city of Diamantina, Brazil, with 448 randomly selected schoolchildren aged 8 to 11 years. The schoolchildren underwent an oral examination for the evaluation of bruxism. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire for the assessment of sleep bruxism; socioeconomic-demographic factors; and respiratory disorders, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, and bronchitis. The schoolchildren filled out the Children’s Stress Scale. Poisson regression models were constructed separately for each respiratory disorder to determine prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sleep bruxism was more prevalent among children with rhinitis (PR = 1.45; 95%CI 1.08–1.93; p = 0.012) and sinusitis (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.06–2.36; p = 0.023). No significant association was found between sleep bruxism and bronchitis. A greater frequency of sleep bruxism was found among children whose mothers had a higher level of schooling and those who reported stress in the resistance/exhaustion phase. Rhinitis and sinusitis were associated with sleep bruxism. Moreover, sleep bruxism was more prevalent among children whose mothers had a higher level of schooling and those with higher degrees of stress.

Background Sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with oral health. Aim Investigate associations between dental caries experience and SOC among mothers and adolescents. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1195 adolescents and their mothers. Data were collected through a questionnaire, the short version of the SOC and oral clinical examinations. The data were statistically analyzed using bivariate analysis, Poisson regression models with robust variance, and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results The prevalence of dental caries experience was 41.8%. A moderate correlation was found between the SOC of mothers and adolescents (r = 0.563; P < 0.001). A higher mother's SOC (PR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.36–0.53) and adolescent's SOC (PR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.39–0.55) were protective factors against dental caries experience in the adolescents. The prevalence of dental caries experience was higher among adolescents with visible plaque (Model 1—PR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.53–2.04; Model 2—PR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.37–1.84) and those whose families were in a lower economic class (Model 1—PR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.35–1.80; Model 2—PR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.36–1.81). Conclusion Dental caries in adolescents was associated with social determinants evaluated through the sense of coherence.

To evaluate the relationship between possible sleep bruxism and sleep characteristics in children.A cross-sectional study was conducted through data collection of a pre-tested questionnaire answered by 111 parents on behalf of their children in the waiting room during their appointment at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of a public Brazilian university. The diagnosis of possible sleep bruxism was based on the international classification of sleep disorders (ICSD) criteria. The Chi-square test and logistic multinomial regression test were used in the statistical analysis.The final model of logistic multinomial regression demonstrated that children with muscle pain in the mouth region (OR = 19.70 95% IC = 1.82-212.69), snoring (OR = 8.25 95% IC = 2, 56-26, 54), and those with parents with possible sleep bruxism have more of a probability of sleep bruxism.Potential sleep bruxism tends to be hereditary. Muscle pain, snoring, and mouth breathing were important signals associated with possible sleep bruxism among children.