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Fibroepithelial polyps are benign lesions that may appear in the vulvovaginal region. They usually occur in women of reproductive age and tend to grow up to 5 cm, but there are some rare cases in which they grow up to 20 cm. We report a case of a 22-year-old woman in the third trimester of her first pregnancy with spontaneous bleeding from a pedunculated mass measuring 15 cm in the widest diameter on the right side of the vulva. Features of this case are discussed as well as its implications, especially regarding the decision of labour. Due to the big size of the mass and its propensity to bleed, we decided to perform an elective caesarean section as well as its excision.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome can be treated through numerous surgical and nonsurgical methods. We present a surgical technique in which a neovagina was reconstructed and shaped by a vaginal expander with acellular porcine dermal matrix (XCM Biologic Tissue Matrix) and mucosal interposition using microfragments harvested from the hymen. In our case, we found this procedure to be safe and effective, resulting in satisfactory sexual function and good cosmetic results, without donor site morbidity. To our best knowledge, this tissue-engineered biomaterial has never been used for vaginal reconstruction before.

Robin sequence is a condition that includes the triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis and upper airway obstruction, although many authors now consider that cleft palate is also an important part of the sequence. It can be classified as isolated, syndromic or associated with other anomalies without an identifiable syndrome. A possible genetic cause for isolated Robin sequence is yet under preliminary investigation, and the finding of siblings with the same condition, as are the two children we present in this work, is extremely rare, with only nine similar cases previously described. Our article includes the description of the treatment plan and outcome for both children. We review the current concepts and trends of epidemiology, genetics, diagnosis and different treatment options available. We conclude that in cases of failure of more conservative measures in the first weeks, mandibular distraction osteogenesis may be a good and rational option for the management of isolated Robin sequence, as is currently supported in recent literature, providing a reliable way of avoiding tracheostomy.

Localized amyloidoma is characterized by a tumour mass with amyloid deposit in a patient who has no detectable abnormal serum proteins or plasma cell dysfunction. In patients with no history of cancer or dialysis, soft tissue localized amyloidoma is a very rare benign condition and can achieve considerable dimensions. We report a soft tissue localized amyloidoma of the lumbar region in an otherwise healthy patient, the largest of its kind found in literature, and further review those cases previously published of this specific condition. We discuss our literature review, concerning the aetiology and diagnosis of this kind of amyloidoma. Level of Evidence: Level V, diagnostic study

This paper discusses the notion of linguistic staging as applied to the field of German as a Foreign Language (DaF). We thus propose a concept of staging of linguistic competence as a strategic procedure by which the scientific academic literacy of writers is enacted in a foreign language. Through staging, learners show linguistic competence to formulate complex structures and to express routines and actions of conventionalized language in the target discourse. We hold that linguistic enacting can be expressed through specific structures as well as through processes of selection of terms. This conjecture is discussed based on the predicative use of syntagmas beginning with als, which, due to this structure's functional and semantic properties, can be seen as a means for linguistic staging. The corpus is comprised of abstracts written in German by Brazilian doctoral and master's students, and of "think aloud" protocols of the production of those texts. The data suggest that writers often find it difficult to carry out syntactic plans beginning with als and to choose the correct verbs for arguments beginning with als. Nonetheless, two strategies of linguistic staging were identified during the study: paraphrasing and accessing semantically concrete concepts before taking up abstract concepts. O presente ensaio discute a noção de encenação linguística, aplicando-a ao campo de estudos de Alemão como Língua Estrangeira (DaF). Assim, propomos um conceito de encenação da competência linguística, como um procedimento estratégico através do qual a competência científica dos escritores é representada por meio da língua estrangeira. Através da encenação, os escritores demonstram domínio linguístico para formular estruturas complexas, bem como para expressar rotinas e ações de linguagem convencionalizadas no discurso alvo. Defendemos que a Encenação Linguística pode-se manifestar através de estruturas específicas, e através de processos de seleção lexical. Essa conjectura é discutida com base no uso predicativo de sintagmas introduzidos por als, os quais, devido a suas propriedades semânticas e funcionais, podem ser vistos como um recurso de encenação linguística. O corpus é composto de abstracts escritos em alemão por mestrandos e doutorandos brasileiros e de Protocolos de Pensamento em Voz Alta da produção daqueles textos. Os dados apontam uma recorrente dificuldade para completar um plano sintático iniciado por als, assim como para selecionar os verbos adequados para um argumento introduzido por essa partícula. Não obstante, duas estratégias de encenação linguística puderam ser identificadas: a paráfrase e o acesso a conceitos semanticamente concretos antes da ativação de conceitos abstratos.

The DRM+ (Digital Radio Mondiale) system is the extension up to 300 MHz of the DRM digital radio broadcasting system. During 2010 three different trials were conducted in Brazil with DRM+ system in VHF band II (popularly called FM band). These trials were defined to have a big, medium and small coverage area for big, local and community broadcasters. For this purpose, different transmission powers were used. The transmission was done with only DRM signal in low power trial. In the high and medium power trials the transmission was done in “combined mode”, that is, the FM and DRM+ signals were transmitted in adjacent channels from the same transmission site. In this paper the results of these trials are explained and compared with theoretical values.

BACKGROUND Because abdominoplasty flap's major vascularization is suprafascial, some surgeons perform excision of the deep fat pad below Scarpa's fascia to achieve a better abdominal contour and balance the lower abdominal projection above and below the scar. The dimensions of this excised adipose flap and its correlations to both the classic abdominoplasty flap and patient biometrics have not been studied yet and are the aim of this article. Short-term complication outcomes are also reported. METHODS We performed a prospective case series study, operating 74 consecutive women using an otherwise standard abdominoplasty technique, and recorded patient variables, flap dimensions, and complications. RESULTS Average values are as follows: BMI, 27.35 kg/m; total flap weight, 1868 g; adipose flap weight, 157 g (corresponding to 9% extra flap weight); adipose flap height, 7.2 cm; and preserved infraumbilical deep fat pad thickness, 7.7 mm. Statistical analysis of correlations between variables was performed. CONCLUSIONS Increased patient weight, umbilical perimeter, BMI, and width of the operative specimen can be used to predict a heavier extra adipose flap. The extra fat excision is safe, preventing inadvertent invasion of the abdominoplasty flap's suprafascial plane that can happen with liposuction. No flap necroses were observed. The use of this technique may prove useful to achieve a slimmer abdominal contour and harmonize it with the pubic region.

Madelung disease is an uncommon disease characterized by large subcutaneous adipose masses. Mediterranean countries show higher disease incidence. We review the current concepts concerning this pathology, including etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Madelung disease usually affects the upper half of the body, but we describe a patient with scrotal lipomas. As this location is rare, we review the cases found in literature, as well as the specific nuances regarding local symptoms and treatment.

Dental porcelain composites reinforced and toughened by 20 wt.% tetragonal zirconia (3Y-TZP) were processed by hot pressing at 1000°C. Two types of particles were tested: yttriastabilized zirconia (ZrO2–3%Y2O3) agglomerates and pre-sintered yttria-stabilized zirconia (ZrO2–3%Y2O3) particles. The composites as well as the reinforcing particles were analyzed by the means of optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties were obtained by the transverse rupture strength test. Wear tests were also performed on the composites and monolithic porcelain. The best mechanical results were displayed by the porcelain reinforced with the pre-sintered ZrO2–3%Y2O3 agglomerates., {"references":["Z. Jing, Z. Ke, L. Yihong, S. Zhijian, \"Effect of multistep processing\ntechniques on the formation of micro-defects and residual stresses in\nzirconia dental restoration,\" J Prosthodontics, vol. 23, pp.206–210,\n2014.","J. Chevalier, L. Gremillard, A.V. Virkar, D.R. Clarke, \"The tetragonalmonoclinic\ntransformation in zirconia: lessons learned and future\ntrends\", J Am CeramSoc, vol. 92, no.9, pp. 1901–1920, 2009.","M. Ferraris, P. Rabajoli, F. Brossa, L. Paracchini, \"Vacuum plasma\nspray deposition of titanium particle/glass-ceramic matrix\nbiocomposites,\" J. Am. Ceram. Soc. vol.79, no. 6, pp.1515–1520, 1996.","E. Verné, M. Ferraris, A. Ventrella, L. Paracchini, A. Krajewski, A.\nRavaglioli, \"Sintering and plasma-spray deposition of bioactive glassmatrix\ncomposites for biomedical applications\", J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. vol.\n18, no. 4, pp. 363–372, 1998.","E. Verné, M. Ferraris, C. Jana, \"Pressureless sintering of Bioverit1III/Ti\nparticle biocomposites\" J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., vol. 19, pp. 2039–2047,\n1999.","E. Verné, M. Ferraris, C. Jana, L. Paracchini, \"Bioverit1I base glass/Ti\nparticulate biocomposite: ''in situ'' vacuum plasma spray deposition\", J.\nEur. Ceram. Soc., vol. 20, pp. 473–479, 2000.","T. Kasuga, K. Nakajima, T. Uno, M. Yoshida, Preparation of zirconiatoughened\nbioactive glass-ceramic composite by sinter-hot isostatic\npressing. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 75, no. 5, 1992.","T. Kasuga, M. Yoshida, T. Uno, K. Nakajima, Preparation of zirconiatoughened\nbioactive glass-ceramics. J. Mater. Sci., vol. 23, pp. 2255–\n2258, 1988.","T. Fusayama, T. Katayoi, S. Nomoto, Corrosion of gold and amalgam\nplaced in contact with each other. J. Dent. Res., vol. 42, pp. 1183–1197,\n1963.\n[10] E. Verné, R. Defilippi, G Carl, C. Vitale Brovarone, P. Appendino,\nViscous flow sintering of bioactive glass-ceramic composites toughened\nby zirconia particles, J. Eur. Cer. Soc., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 675-683, 2003."]}

This work presents the results of DRM+ field tests in the VHF band II (FM band) using a low power FM station, which is known in Brazil as Community Radio. The purpose is the assessment of on-channel simulcast transmission, which will exist during the transition period to digital transmission (the so called “analog switch-off”). The results from trials performed in Brasilia showed that the achievement of the same analog coverage area with digital system is conditioned to a ratio of 10 dB between analog and digital power levels, which can impairment in the current channelization.

The authors discuss the endoscopic techniques as an adjunctive in the evaluation and treatment of maxillo-facial fractures, particularly in the mandible, with special attention to the reduction and osteosynthesis near the condyle for those fractures with clear surgical indication. And also as a support in to the correct execution of the transbuccal techniques for treatment of body and angle fractures and in the repair of the orbital floor. The perspective of this work is the systematic search for quality, with diminution of iatrogenic effects and surgical risk, aims of modern surgery, even if with some technical difficulties and consumption of extra time, efforts.