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Abstract An economic feasibility study must consider the uncertainties inherent to a mining project, whose risks must be quantified properly to enable accurate decision-making. Studies previously carried out through the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) methodology in the project evaluated here - a quarry whose operations are currently interrupted, located in Pernambuco, Brazil, formerly taxed under the presumed profit regime - indicated a positive Net Present Value (NPV) in the deterministic scenario, therefore projecting a profitable project. However, a probabilistic analysis using Monte Carlo simulations indicated only a 49.98% occurrence probability for this NPV. An assessment focused on the company's taxation was never carried out, which is a gap that the present study intends to fill, in addition to evaluating the feasibility of immediate investment in this project. Furthermore, this is a gap in Brazilian literature in general, which does not take into account the taxation system in their economic assessments. In this context, considering scenarios whose taxation was based on real and presumed profit regimes, we reassessed the cash flows of this quarry and performed deterministic and probabilistic economic analyses, and compared the results of both scenarios. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the production rate would be the most impactful variable in the project's NPV, considering the six variables assessed. Hence, it was verified in both deterministic and probabilistic analyses that taxation under real profit, results in a higher economic return with a 56.08% probability of the NPV being positive and with the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) higher than infation (SELIC rate) at 4.81%; the taxation under the presumed profit, on the other hand, obtained respective probabilities of 46.54% and 3.23%. However, with the chances of obtaining some profit (NPV greater than zero) at the order of 50% and a minimal chance of the IRR being greater than the SELIC rate adopted at the time of this study, we would advise against investing in this venture. Moreover, even if the current moment is not the most suitable for investment in this sector, regardless of the production rate assessed in the probabilistic analysis, taxation on the real profit regime presented a greater economic return than taxation on the presumed profit regime., indicating that, for the parameters considered in this study, the first would be the most appropriate choice of tax system for this type of enterprise in Brazil.

El virus SARS-CoV-2 fue detectado en la ciudad de Wuhan, China, a fines de 2019. Desde entonces, la alta transmisibilidad de este nuevo coronavirus y la alta morbilidad y mortalidad relacionada con COVID-19, la infección viral causada por El SARS-CoV-2, ha crecido exponencialmente en todo el planeta, culminando primero en una emergencia de salud pública de importancia internacional y luego en una pandemia grave. La transmisión del virus ocurre tanto por vía respiratoria como extra-respiratoria y durante el período de desarrollo del COVID-19 en el cuerpo humano, la presentación clínica incluye síntomas relacionados con cambios en el olfato, gusto y complicaciones gastrointestinales, además de una afectación más severa del sistema respiratorio. Como resultado de los síntomas del COVID-19, muchos pacientes necesitan ser hospitalizados y, en algunos casos, someterse a procedimientos invasivos para garantizar la condición fisiológica básica para el mantenimiento de la vida. Durante el período de internación, los pacientes desarrollan una condición clínica con debilitamiento fisiológico y la condición física general se reduce significativamente. Al ser dados de alta, muchos de estos pacientes necesitan tratamientos dirigidos a recuperar la condición física debilitada por la acción de la enfermedad. La Secretaría Municipal de Salud Pública (SESAU) de Campo Grande / MS, en la Región Centro-Oeste de Brasil, estuvo atento a esta demanda. El Servicio de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles (DANT), junto con la Coordinación de Atención Especializada, estructuró en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) un servicio de rehabilitación funcional para personas con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles que fueron hospitalizadas por SARS-CoV-2 y necesitan atención especializada para recuperar la capacidad para trabajar y realizar las actividades de la vida diaria. El servicio se presta en la Unidad Especializada de Rehabilitación y Diagnóstico (UERD), que forma parte de la Red Municipal de Salud (REMUS). Se elaboró ​​un proyecto de rehabilitación funcional por parte del equipo técnico de SESAU, que se desarrollará a través de un equipo multidisciplinario formado por un fisioterapeuta, un profesional de educación física, un nutricionista y un psicólogo. Las intervenciones se realizan mediante Proyectos Terapéuticos Únicos (PTS), siguiendo criterios de inclusión y exclusión preestablecidos, para pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, en condiciones poshospitalarias derivadas de COVID-19. La derivación de pacientes desde otros puntos REMUS la realizan médicos de los tres niveles de atención (primario, secundario y terciario), a través del Sistema de Regulación (SISREG). Como citar este artículo:De Souza, Júlio César; Ferreira, Joel Saraiva; De Souza, Geize Rocha Macedo. Reabilitação funcional para pacientes acometidos por covid-19. Revista Cuidarte. 2021;12(3):e2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2276

Human malaria due to zoonotic transmission has been recorded in the Atlantic Forest, an extra-Amazonian area in Brazil, which are a challenge for malaria control. Naturally acquired humoral immune response against pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic antigens of Neotropical primates (NP) was evaluated here to improve the knowledge about the exposure of those animals to the malaria transmission and support the identification of the potential reservoirs of the disease in the Atlantic Forest. Blood samples of 154 monkeys from three areas of the Atlantic Forest were used to identify IgG antibodies against peptides of the repeat region of the major pre-erythrocytic antigen, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), of Plasmodium vivax (PvCSP), Plasmodium brasilianum/Plasmodium malariae (Pb/PmCSP), and Plasmodium falciparum (PfCSP) by ELISA. Antibodies against erythrocytic recombinant antigens of P. vivax, Apical membrane antigen 1 (PvAMA-1), Erythrocyte binding protein 2 (PvEBP-2) and domain II of Duffy binding protein (PvDBPII) were also evaluated. Parameters, such as age, sex, PCR positivity, and captivity, potentially associated with humoral immune response were analyzed. Eighty-five percent of NP had antibodies against at least one CSP peptide, and 76% against at least one P. vivax erythrocytic antigen. A high percentage of adults compared to non-adults were seropositive and showed increased antibody levels. Neotropical primates with PCR positive for P. simium had a significantly higher frequency of positivity rate for immune response against PvEBP-2, PvDBPII and also higher antibody levels against PvDBPII, compared to PCR negative NPs for this species. Monkeys with PCR positive for P. brasilianum/P. malariae showed higher frequency of seropositivity and antibody levels against Pb/PmCSP. Levels of antibodies against Pb/PmCSP, PvEBP-2 and PvDBPII were higher in free-living than in captive monkeys from the same area. All Platyrrhine families showed antibodies against CSP peptides, however not all showed IgG against erythrocytic antigens. These findings showed a high prevalence of naturally acquired antibodies against CSP repeats in all studied areas, suggesting an intense exposure to infected-mosquitoes bites of NP from all families. However, mainly monkeys of Atelidae family showed antibodies against P. vivax erythrocytic antigens, suggesting blood infection, which might serve as potential reservoirs of malaria in the Atlantic Forest.

The objective of this work was to estimate growth curves and genetic parameters from birth to 650 days of age of Nelore cattle raised in pasture in two production regions of the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (233,835 weight records from 47,459 cattle were analyzed). Genetic parameters were determined by random regression using Legendre orthogonal polynomials of cubic order, and age at weighing was considered in the model as a fixed effect to model the average growth trajectory. In the models, the effects of the contemporary group were considered as fixed and, as covariates, the animal age at weighing and the cow age at calving were nested in the animal age class (linear and quadratic effects), forming eight age classes. All models included the direct genetic additive, maternal genetic, and animal permanent environment as random effects, and the most appropriate model to describe the studied effects was defined according to the AIC and BIC criteria. Heritability estimates for birth weight varied between the two production regions, Campo Grande-Dourados (R1) and Alto Taquari-Bolsão (R2) and R1 (0.36 ± 0.02) and R2 (0.28 ± 0.03), and there were variations in the estimates at advanced ages. In both regions, the highest heritability values at 650 days of age were 0.47 ± 0.03 and 0.65 ± 0.02 for R1 and R2, respectively, with high heritability reflecting the high values of additive genetic variance. The random regression methodology was efficient in estimating growth curves and genetic parameters. Growth curves were different when they were estimated separately by sex, birth season, and production region. Genetic parameters estimated separately by region indicate differences in additive genetic variance, maternal additive, and animal permanent environment for weights up to 650 days of age.

O desenvolvimento mineiro ocorre em diversas etapas. Na fase inicial da atividade de mineração realiza-se uma análise prévia para quantificação e qualificação do minério passível de ser extraído de modo rentável, constituindo-se em uma gestão dos recursos e reservas minerais. Essa etapa é fundamental por caracterizar-se como fator de determinação para maximização da recuperação do minério, o que implica na vida útil e lucratividade do empreendimento mineiro através do reconhecimento geológico do depósito mineral que está sujeito de ser materializado por vários tipos de modelos. Neste contexto, é fundamental a elaboração de um modelo geomorfológico representativo do corpo mineralizado baseado em informações recolhidas por meio de técnicas de prospecção geológica e levantamentos de campo. Por ser realizado na fase inicial, a precisão dos resultados desses trabalhos geralmente não se constitui fator decisivo na seleção dos alvos de pesquisa de detalhe devido à carência de dados de campo e necessidade de custos reduzidos, sendo admitidas variações de até 30% nos valores determinados. O desenvolvimento contínuo das ferramentas computacionais permite que modelos geomorfológicos das ocorrências minerais possam ser elaborados de maneira rápida e precisa com baixo custo operacional. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia para modelagem geométrica de maciços rochosos a partir do uso de softwares de baixo custo e ilustrar na prática a aplicação da mesma para determinação do volume de maciços rochosos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass and meat traits, and the non-carcass components of crossbred Dorper lambs fed diets with increasing levels of urea (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of dry matter – DM). The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (urea inclusion levels) and six replicates per treatment. Lambs were fed ad libitum for 56 days and slaughtered at 37.9 ± 5.1 kg of body weight (BW). The weight and yield of carcass before and after cooling were not influenced by urea levels, with average values of 16.9 kg and 44.6% for cold carcass weight and yield. Urea levels did not affect the morphometric measurements, the fat deposition on the carcass, the weight of carcass cuts and the weight of non-carcass components. There was a quadratic effect of urea levels on the loin yield, which may achieve maximum value of 11.31% with the inclusion of 0.84% DM urea in the feed. The pH and the color coordinates L* (brightness), a* (red intensity) and C* (saturation) of the meat also showed quadratic response to the urea levels, where in the minimum value of 5.53 for pH, maximum value of 48.67 for L* and minimum values of 14.04 and 16.21 for a* and C* may be obtained by including 0.53 to 0.70% DM urea in the ration. The inclusion of 0.84% DM urea in the ration is recommended to obtain maximum yield of loin and meat with attractive characteristics to the consumer, which is characterized by high red intensity and brightness. If consumers have preference for lamb meat with a more intense red color, the inclusion of 1.5% DM urea should be considered in the ration formulation.

Vaccine abscesses are key factors to condemn beef cattle carcasses. Often, economic losses can compromise the profitability of both slaughter house and rural producer. This study aimed to quantify the losses in beef production by carcass parts damnation due to vaccine reactions. The study was conducted in partnership with the slaughter house located in Itapetinga (BA, Brazil). From a total of 7,033 slaughtered animals, 5,225 carcasses were evaluated (74.3% of total). Excised parts of carcasses due to vaccine reaction were separated, weighed and later discarded to rendering plant. The percentage of carcasses with some loss was greater than 98%. Disposal by vaccine reaction exceeded 0.500 kg/carcass. The average loss of total slaughtered animals reached 0.24% of the carcass. Considering only the studied slaughter house, there was an economic loss of R$ 29,978.75 in just 13 days of operation, or, the equivalent in american dollars of US$ 7,457.40 (exchange of 01/14/2016). Tissues removed from carcasses due to abscess formation cause significant loss for both slaughter houses and rural producers.

Blood infection by the simian parasite, Plasmodium simium, was identified in captive (n = 45, 4.4%) and in wild Alouatta clamitans monkeys (n = 20, 35%) from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. A single malaria infection was symptomatic and the monkey presented clinical and haematological alterations. A high frequency of Plasmodium vivax-specific antibodies was detected among these monkeys, with 87% of the monkeys testing positive against P. vivax antigens. These findings highlight the possibility of malaria as a zoonosis in the remaining Atlantic Forest and its impact on the epidemiology of the disease.

We studied the genetic divergence among 73 Gyr bulls, through dissimilarity measures, grouping methods and graphic analysis by main components based on the differences expected in its progenies related to productive and reproductive characteristics. The mean Euclidian standardized distances obtained were 4.3743 among the most dissimilar ones and 0.1135 for the most similar ones. Four groups of reproducers with the same similarity were obtained through grouping methods by optimization. The three main components explained 82.01% of the total variance; the first one explained 37.09%, the second one responded by 26.58% and the third one by 18.34% of variance. Scores of the main components enabled the visual evaluation of genetic divergence, through dispersion graphics. The results allowed the identification, among the evaluated animals, of the most divergent ones, recommending that their progenies can be used as mating genitors in improvement programs which aim at producing calves with better performance than their parents.

Abstract Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax have evolved with host switches between non-human primates (NHPs) and humans. Studies on the infection dynamics of Plasmodium species in NHPs will improve our understanding of the evolution of these parasites; however, such studies are hampered by the difficulty of handling animals in the field. The aim of this study was to detect genomic DNA of Plasmodium species from the faeces of New World monkeys. Faecal samples from 23 Alouatta clamitans from the Centre for Biological Research of Indaial (Santa Catarina, Brazil) were collected. Extracted DNA from faecal samples was used for molecular diagnosis of malaria by nested polymerase chain reaction. One natural infection with Plasmodium simium was identified by amplification of DNA extracted from the faeces of A. clamitans. Extracted DNA from a captive NHP was also used for parasite genotyping. The detection limit of the technique was evaluated in vitro using an artificial mixture of cultured P. falciparum in NHP faeces and determined to be 6.5 parasites/µL. Faecal samples of New World primates can be used to detect malaria infections in field surveys and also to monitor the genetic variability of parasites and dynamics of infection.

Objetivou-se estimar os parâmetros e avaliar as tendências genética e fenotípica para a produção de leite ajustada aos 305 dias em bubalinos da raça Murrah nascidos no período de 1982 a 2003. Os parâmetros e os valores genéticos foram estimados por meio do aplicativo MTDFREML. A tendência genética foi estimada pela regressão dos valores genéticos sobre o ano de nascimento, por duas metodologias: 1) regressão linear; 2) regressão por meio de polinômios articulados utilizando-se a função de alisamento spline. A herdabilidade e a repetibilidade estimadas foram de 0,20 e 0,36, respectivamente. As tendências (regressão linear) fenotípica e genética foram significativas e iguais a 32,86 e 0,85 kg/ano, respectivamente. O ganho genético foi positivo, constatando-se instabilidade na tendência genética no decorrer dos anos, com períodos de ganhos e outros de perdas genéticas. A maior parte do ganho observado em alguns períodos resultou de melhorias nas condições ambientais.This study aimed to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters and trends for adjusted 305 days milk yield of Murrah buffaloes, which were born from 1982 to 2003. Variance components, genetic parameters and breeding values were obtained using the MTDFREML program. Genetic trends were estimated by regression of breeding values on birth year of the animals by two methodologies: 1) linear regression and 2) articulated polynomial regression using a spline smoothing function. Heritability and repeatability estimates were 0.20 and 0.36, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic trends (by linear regression) were significant and equal to 32.86 and 0.85 kg/year, respectively. The genetic trend was positive but very unstable during the period. Most of the gain observed was due to environmental improvements.

Plasmodium simium is a parasite from New World monkeys that is most closely related to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax; it also naturally infects humans. The blood-stage infection of P. vivax depends on Duffy binding protein II (PvDBPII) and its cognate receptor on erythrocytes, the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (hDARC), but there is no information on the P. simium erythrocytic invasion pathway. The genes encoding P. simium DBP (PsDBPII) and simian DARC (sDARC) were sequenced from Southern brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) naturally infected with P. simium because P. simium may also depend on the DBPII/DARC interaction. The sequences of DBP binding domains from P. vivax and P. simium were highly similar. However, the genetic variability of PsDBPII was lower than that of PvDBPII. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that these genes were strictly related and clustered in the same clade of the evolutionary tree. DARC from A. clamitans was also sequenced and contained three new non-synonymous substitutions. None of these substitutions were located in the N-terminal domain of DARC, which interacts directly with DBPII. The interaction between sDARC and PvDBPII was evaluated using a cytoadherence assay of COS7 cells expressing PvDBPII on their surfaces. Inhibitory binding assays in vitro demonstrated that antibodies from monkey sera blocked the interaction between COS-7 cells expressing PvDBPII and hDARC-positive erythrocytes. Taken together, phylogenetic analyses reinforced the hypothesis that the host switch from humans to monkeys may have occurred very recently in evolution, which sheds light on the evolutionary history of new world plasmodia. Further invasion studies would confirm whether P. simium depends on DBP/DARC to trigger internalization into red blood cells.

Objetivou-se estimar a composição corporal de gordura e proteína e as exigências de energia de mantença em bovinos Nelore puros e mestiços. Foram utilizados 72 bovinos machos (18 Nelore, 18 F1 Nelore x Angus, 18 F1 Nelore x Pardo- Suíço e 18 F1 Nelore x Simental) não-castrados, com 10 a 11 meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 286, 309, 333 e 310 kg, respectivamente. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro grupos genéticos, submetidos a quatro níveis de concentrado na ração (30, 40, 60 e 70%). No início do experimento, três animais de cada grupo genético foram alocados no grupo de alimentação restrita e três foram abatidos no grupo de abate inicial. As exigências líquidas de energia para mantença (ELm) foram obtidas pela regressão da produção de calor (kcal/kg0,75/dia) em função do consumo de energia metabolizável (CEM - Mcal/kg0,75/dia), extrapolando-se para o nível zero de ingestão de EM. Não houve diferenças nas exigências de energia líquida de mantença (ELm) entre os grupos genéticos. Verificou-se elevação de 260,2; 92,6 e 67,8% nos conteúdos corporais de gordura e proteína e na concentração de gordura (g/kg de peso corporal vazio - PCV), com elevação de 250 para 550 kg no peso vivo, ao passo que a concentração de proteína corporal reduziu em 10,9%. O teste de identidade de modelos não-lineares indicou não haver diferenças entre os grupos genéticos para a composição corporal de gordura, proteína e energia e nas ELm. Desse modo, o valor da ELm foi estimado em 79 kcal/kg0,75/dia.The objectives of this trial were to estimate the body composition of fat and protein and the net energy requirements for maintenance of purebred and crossbred Nellore. Seventy-two young bulls averaging 10 to 11 months of age from four genetic groups were used: 18 Nellore, 18 F1 Nellore x Angus, 18 F1 Nellore x Brown Swiss and 18 F1 Nellore x Simental with initial average weights of 286, 309, 333 and 310 kg, respectively. A completely randomized design was adopted and bulls from the four genetic groups were fed diets containing: 30, 40, 60 and 70% of concentrate. Three animals from each genetic group were feed restricted while other three bulls were slaughtered at the beginning of the trial and used as reference. The net energy requirements of maintenance were obtained by regressing heat production (kcal/kg0.75/day) on metabolizable energy intake (Mcal/kg0.75/day) extrapolating to zero level of metabolizable energy intake. There was no difference in net energy requirements for maintenance among genetic groups. Body contents of fat, protein and fat concentration (g/kg EBW) increased, respectively, 260.2, 92.6 and 67.8% when body weight increased from 250 to 550 kg whereas body protein concentration reduced 10.9%. The identity test of the non-linear model indicated no significant differences among genetic groups for body composition of fat, protein and energy as well as for net energy requirements for maintenance. The estimated net energy requirement for maintenance was 79.45 kcal/kg0.75/day in this study.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar as eficiências de utilização da energia metabolizável para mantença (Km) e ganho de peso (Kg) de bovinos Nelore puros e mestiços. Foram utilizados 72 bovinos machos, não-castrados, com idade inicial de 10 a 11 meses (18 Nelore, 18 F1 Nelore x Angus, 18 F1 Nelore x Pardo-Suíço e 18 F1 Nelore x Simental) e peso médio inicial de 286, 309, 333 e 310 kg, respectivamente. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4 x 4 m com três animais por grupo genético e quatro níveis de adição de concentrado (30, 40, 60 e 70% na MS). Três animais de cada grupo genético foram alocados no grupo mantença e três foram abatidos no início do experimento. O consumo de energia metabolizável de mantença (CEMm), em kcal/kg0,75, correspondeu ao ponto no qual o coeficiente entre a produção de calor em jejum (PCj) e os CEM foram mais próximos de 1. As eficiências de utilização da EM para mantença (Km) foram estimadas pela divisão da produção de calor em jejum pelo CEMm. A eficiência de utilização da EM para ganho de peso (kg) foi estimada pela regressão entre a energia retida (kcal/kg0,75) e o CEMg. As exigências de EM foram obtidas dividindo-se as exigências líquidas pelo valor de Km. Não houve influência significativa dos grupos genéticos e dos níveis de concentrado na ração sobre Km e Kg, que apresentaram valores de 0,67 e 0,40, respectivamente. As exigências de EM para ganho (EMg) e de EM total (EMt) aumentaram com a elevação do peso vivo (PV). Por outro lado, as EMt e EMg por unidade de PCV decresceram com o aumento do PV, indicando maior eficiência de utilização da EM com a elevação do peso vivo dos animais.The objective of this trial was to estimate the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy (MEEU) for maintenance (Km) and weight gain (kg) of feedlot purebred and crossbred Nellore. Seventy-two young bulls averaging 10 to 11 months of age from four genetic groups: Nellore, F1 Nellore x Angus, F1 Nellore x Brown Swiss and F1 Nellore x Simental and initial average body weights of 286, 309, 333 and 310 kg, respectively, were used in this study. A completely randomized design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement was adopted and bulls from the four genetic groups were fed diets containing: 30, 40, 60 and 70% of concentrate on dry matter basis. Three animals from each genetic group were assigned to the maintenance group and other three were slaughtered at the beginning of the trial. The intake of metabolizable energy for maintenance (MMEI), expressed in Kcal/kg0.75, corresponded to the point in which the coefficient between fasting heat production (FHP) and MMEI was closer to 1. The MEEU for maintenance (Km) was estimated by dividing FHP by MEIm while that for gain (Kg) was estimated by regressing retained energy (kcal/kg0.75) on MEIg. The ME requirements were obtained by dividing the net energy requirements by Km. Genetic group and dietary level of concentrate did not significantly affect Km and Kg that averaged 0.67 and 0.40, respectively. The ME requirements for gain (MEg) and the total ME requirements (MEt) followed the increase in body weight. However, the requirement of MEt and MEg per unit of empty body weight (EBW) decreased as body weight increased indicating a greater efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization.

Objetivou-se estimar a composição do ganho e as exigências de energia e proteína para ganho de peso em bovinos Nelore puros e mestiços. Utilizaram-se 60 bovinos machos (Nelore, F1 Nelore x Angus, F1 Nelore x Pardo-Suíço e F1 Nelore x Simental) não-castrados, com 10 a 11 meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 286, 309, 333 e 310 kg, respectivamente. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro grupos genéticos, submetidos a quatro níveis de concentrado na ração (30, 40, 60 e 70%). Três animais de cada grupo genético foram abatidos ao início do experimento e serviram como referência na determinação da composição corporal inicial. As exigências líquidas de proteína e energia para ganho de 1 kg de peso corporal vazio (PCV) foram estimadas pela equação Y' = a. b. X (b-1), em que a e b são os coeficientes das equações de regressão dos conteúdos de energia e proteína e X, o PCV dos animais. O teste de identidade de modelos não-lineares indicou não haver diferenças entre grupos genéticos para as exigências de energia e proteína para ganho de peso. Verificou-se decréscimo de 10,6% nas exigências de proteína e elevação de 37,8% nas exigências de energia para ganho de peso entre 250 e 550 kg, o que está relacionado à elevação do teor de gordura e à redução no teor de proteína com o acréscimo no PCV. As exigências líquidas de proteína e energia para ganho de peso foram estimadas em 143,5 g e 4,7 Mcal para o peso vivo de 450 kg.The objectives of this trial were to estimate gain composition and energy and protein requirements for weight gain of purebred and crossbred Nellore. Sixty young bulls averaging 10 to 11 months of age from four genetic groups: Nellore, F1 Nellore x Angus, F1 Nellore x Brown Swiss and F1 Nellore x Simental and initial average body weights of 286, 309, 333 and 310 kg, respectively, were used in this study. A completely randomized design was adopted and bulls from the four genetic groups were fed diets containing: 30, 40, 60 and 70% of concentrate. Three animals from each genetic group were slaughtered at the beginning of the trial and used as reference for initial body composition. The net protein and energy requirements for gain of 1 kg of empty body weight (EBW) were estimated by the equation Y' = a. b. X (b-1), where a and b are the parameters of the regression equations and X is the EBW of the animals. The identity test of the models indicated no significant differences among genetic groups for the net energy and protein requirements for weight gain. It was observed a decrease of 10.6% and an increase of 37.8%, respectively, in the protein and energy requirements for body weight gain between 250 and 550 kg. These changes are result of the increase in the content of fat and reduction in that of protein as EBW increased. The net requirements of protein and energy for body weight gain were estimated as 143.5 g and 4.7 Mcal, respectively, for a body weight of 450 kg.

O extrativismo dos frutos de pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) (Caryocaraceae) é uma importante opção de renda, alimento e emprego para as populações que vivem nas regiões de Cerrado em todo Brasil. Entretanto, a oferta natural desses frutos encontra-se ameaçada por diversos fatores, entre estes, destaca-se uma séria praga, Carmenta sp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), que os torna impróprios para o consumo. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetivou conhecer algumas características do inseto responsável, bem como a forma de ataque aos frutos de pequizeiro, os danos causados e sintomas característicos. Este trabalho foi realizado através da análise de frutos de pequizeiro coletados aleatoriamente, tanto na planta como no solo, na vegetação do tipo Cerrado nos municípios de Montes Claros, Norte de Minas e Itumirim, Sul de Minas, em Minas Gerais. No primeiro município foram colhidos frutos aproximadamente entre 80-120 dias após a antese (DAA), enquanto no segundo, em duas épocas, 45 e 90 DAA. Em cada município, época e local de coleta (planta ou solo) foram coletados 50 frutos para análise. As características avaliadas foram: diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, percentagem de frutos danificados, número de lagartas por fruto e número de crisálidas por fruto. Após a análise dessas características, foram anotados e documentados fotograficamente os estágios de desenvolvimento do inseto quanto ao comprimento, coloração e morfologia, bem como os sintomas do ataque. A partir desse trabalho pode-se concluir que a lepidobroca dos frutos de pequizeiro pode provocar danos à produção superior a 50%, destruindo todo o interior dos frutos que se tornam imprestáveis para o consumo. Os frutos mais atacados são os mais jovens, sendo mais comum encontrar uma só lagarta em seu interior.

Os dados são relativos aos pesos de animais da raça Tabapuã, nascidos no período de 1959 a 1996 em várias regiões brasileiras. As observações foram analisadas com o objetivo de avaliar as mudanças genéticas aditivas diretas e maternas dos pesos padronizados para 205 (P205), 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade. As estimativas dos componentes de (co) variância utilizadas no cálculo dos valores genéticos foram obtidas pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivadas (REML), usando o aplicativo MTDFREML, cujo modelo continha os efeitos aleatórios aditivo direto, materno e de ambiente permanente, além dos efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (unidade da federação, fazenda, sexo, estação e ano de nascimento do animal) e a covariável idade da vaca ao parto (efeitos linear e quadrático). As tendências genéticas dos efeitos genéticos direto e materno foram estimadas pela regressão, ponderada, das médias anuais dos valores genéticos dos animais. As tendências genéticas dos efeitos direto no período estudado foram 0,134 ; 0,207, e 0,276 kg/ano, para P205, P365 e P550, respectivamente. Ainda para os três pesos, na mesma ordem, as estimativas das tendências genéticas maternas foram 0,019; -0,011; e -0,022 kg/ano. Em virtude da variação genética existente, os resultados observados estão bem aquém das mudanças possíveis.Data related to weights of animals of the Tabapuã breed, born from 1959 to 1996, in several areas of Brazil, were analyzed with the objective of evaluating the direct and maternal genetic trends, for body weights adjusted for 205 (W205), 365 (W365) and 550 (W550) days of age. The (co)variance component estimates used in the calculation of the breeding values were obtained by the restricted maximum likelihood method (REML), with a model containing the random additive direct, maternal and permanent environmental effects, and the fixed effects of contemporary group (unit of the federation, farm, sex, season and year of birth of the animal) and the covariable age of the cow at calving (linear and quadratic effects). The genetic trends of the direct and maternal genetic effects were estimated by the regression of the breeding value annual means on year of birth of the animals. The genetic trends of the direct effects were 0.134, 0.199 and 0.276 kg/year, for W205, W365 and W550, respectively. The estimates of the maternal genetic trends were, in the same order, 0.019, -0.010 and -0.022 kg/year, respectively. Due to the existing genetic variability on the traits, the genetic changes attained are bellow the possible ones.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os componentes físico-químicos e a produção do leite de búfalas da raça Mediterrâneo criadas no Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Utilizaram-se 1438 controles provenientes de 152 lactações, controladas no período de 1985 a 1995, na Estação Experimental de Zootecnia de Andradina. Os dados foram analisados por meio do procedimento GLM do Programa SAS. O modelo estatístico para produção de leite teve como fontes de variação (FV) os efeitos fixos de mês do controle e lactação. Para as demais características, usou-se o mesmo modelo, acrescido da produção de leite como covariável. Todas as fontes de variação do modelo foram significativas. As médias ajustadas foram 4,52 kg, 4,13%, 6,59%, 17,01%, 10,47% e 18,98°D, respectivamente, para produção de leite, porcentagens de proteína totais, gordura, extrato seco total, extrato seco desengordurado e acidez. Verificou-se elevado teor de nutrientes no leite, evidenciando a boa qualidade do produto.The objective of this study was to evaluate milk yield and some physico-chemical characteristics of milk from Mediterranean buffalo cows raised in western São Paulo. A total of 1438 observations was collected from 152 lactations that occurred from 1985 to 1995, at the Experimental Station of Andradina. The data were analyzed by means of the GLM procedure of SAS. The statistical model for milk production had month and lactation as fixed effects. The model for chemical constituents included milk yield as covariate. All effects were significant. The overall adjusted means were 4.52 kg, 4.13%, 6.59%; 17.01%, 10.47% and 18.98°D for milk production, protein, fat and total solids, solids not fat and titratable acidity, respectively. High nutrient contents were observed, which shows the good quality of the product.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar a influência de efeitos não genéticos sobre o peso ao desmame de 105.465 bezerros da raça Nelore, nascidos em oito diferentes regiões brasileiras, no período de 1978 a 1994. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o método dos quadrados mínimos, procedimento GLM (SAS, 1996), com um modelo estatístico contendo como fontes de variação os efeitos fixos de sexo, mês e ano de nascimento do bezerro, região, fazenda dentro de região, grupo de idade da vaca e, como efeitos aleatórios, touro e o erro. Todas as fontes de variação do modelo foram significativas (PThis paper had the objective of studying the influence of non genetic effects on the weaning weight of 105,465 calves of the Nellore cattle breed, born in eight different Brazilian regions, in the period of 1978 to 1994. The statistical analysis was accomplished using the least squares method, GLM procedure (SAS, 1996), with a model that included the fixed effects of sex, month and year of birth of the calf, region, farm within region and the covariable age of dam. All sources of variation included in the model were significant (P

Amostras de fezes de bugios-ruivos cativos foram investigadas quanto a presença de Salmonella sp. e Shigella sp. O padrão de sensibilidade a antibióticos foi testado. Este é o primeiro relato de infecção assintomática por Salmonella sp. nesta espécie. Não foi detectada infecção por Shigella sp. Destaca-se a importância de investigação em animais submetidos a translocação ou a reintrodução e a necessidade de inquéritos periódicos em populações cativas a fim de se evitar agravos ocupacionais.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth curve of Nellore cattle raised in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, in different groups of size (weight), sex, and birth season, as well as to estimate the nutritional requirements for maintenance of the asymptotic weigh. The nonlinear models were adjusted using the Gauss-Newton method, with information on weight and age of animals within each (total, upper, and middle) group. The asymptotic weight was influenced by sex (P

The study aimed to assess species richness and diversity in Aquidauana, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, using six observation points over 12 months. A total of 2,591 individuals among reptiles, birds, and mammals, covering 29 orders and 43 families, were recorded. Columbidae, Furnariidae, and Tyrannidae were prominent families, and Passeriformes was the most representative order. The point with the highest number of observations was near Lagoa Comprida, probably due to minimal human disturbance. The most observed species included Rufous hornero, Wattled jacana, Black-bellied duck, and Whistling-duck. December was the month with the highest number of sightings. Nine feeding guilds were identified, and three species were classified as vulnerable or near threatened. The bootstrap estimator suggested the potential for finding more species with increased sampling. The Shannon index revealed no significant difference between observation points. Aquidauana presents notable urban biodiversity, emphasizing the importance of conserving wetlands and forest areas to preserve diversity.