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We extend the stable flow model of Fleiner to multicommodity flows. In addition to the preference lists of agents on trading partners for each commodity, every trading pair has a preference list on the commodities that the seller can sell to the buyer. A blocking walk (with respect to a certain commodity) may include saturated arcs, provided that a positive amount of less preferred commodity is traded along the arc. We prove that a stable multicommodity flow always exists, although it is PPAD-hard to find one.

In this exploratory study we aim to understand whether metaphor plays a role in re-authoring narratives when coachees are experiencing process posttraumatic growth (PTG). Recognising the post-trauma phase of their life, nine participants who utilised the modality of coaching whilst in trauma recovery were interviewed using semi-structured questions, the data was analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Four key themes emerged from the results indicating metaphor usage is a common factor in re-authoring post-trauma: awareness of past-trauma and a need for reauthoring; an expression for change; the PTG framework created a coherent narrative of PTG in the present; and both coaching and metaphor created a coherent narrative of self and life in the present.

This review investigates the relevance of socio-cognitive mindfulness (Langer, 1989) to wellbeing coaching by systematically synthesising the evidence to understand how socio-cognitive mindfulness interventions work. The search yielded 2,867 peer-reviewed studies with twelve papers meeting the eligibility criteria. The interventions induced socio-cognitive mindfulness with non-clinical adults via one or more psychological processes to achieve intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental wellbeing. Six of the studies employed exercises to produce boosts in wellbeing, whilst six conducted extended programmes, of which three demonstrated sustained wellbeing improvements. The findings indicate that socio-cognitive mindfulness could provide valuable insights for practitioners and synergistic benefits for wellbeing coaching.

This research investigates an embodied metaphor-based positive psychology coaching intervention created as a method to transform perceptions and generate change. Six participants were recruited to work with the metaphor intervention; data was collected via participant journals and semi-structured interviews, with analysis completed using interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology. Results indicate that this metaphor process led to significant breakthroughs for participants under three themes: meta-position provides rationality and relieves pressure; agency prompts transformation from contractive to expansive energy; and insight is gained about one’s self and situation. This study provides evidence for using metaphor as an effective coaching or positive psychology intervention.

Glucan phosphorylase is present in plants in two isozymes, namely, a plastidial isoform (PHO1) and a cytosolic isoform (PHO2), and is involved in starch-related carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether mutations in the genes encoding glucan phosphorylase caused these plants to have increased resistance to short-term drought. One of the strategies plants use to defend themselves against drought stress is to change their starch content, which may be due to changes in glucan phosphorylase activity. In our greenhouse pot experiment, we used potato leaves from wild-type plants and transgenic mutant lines with reduced expression of genes encoding both PHO isozymes. The plants were exposed to drought or were grown under optimal conditions. A lack of water strongly affected the water saturation deficit (WSD) and leaf protein content. The activity of the plastidial glucan phosphorylase isoform (PHO1) in mutant plants increased under drought stress, in contrast to its activity in wild-type plants. After analyzing several physiological parameters, we found that suppressed expression of the gene encoding one of the subunits of plastidial glucan phosphorylase, PHO1a, resulted in increased tolerance to drought in potatoes.

Abstract INTRODUCTION South Asian (SA) and East Asian (EA) older adults represent the fastest‐growing racial/ethnic groups of Americans at risk for dementia. While recruiting older SA adults into a brain health study, we encountered unexpected hesitancy toward structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis and stigmatizing attitudes related to internal locus of control (LoC) for future dementia risks. We hypothesized that support for MRI‐related research was influenced by these attitudes as well as personal MRI experience, perceived MRI safety, and concerns for personal risk for future dementia/stroke. METHODS We developed a brief cross‐sectional survey to assess older adults’ MRI experiences and perceptions, desire to learn of six incidental findings of increasing impact on health, and attitudes related to dementia (including LoC) and research participation. We recruited a convenience sample of 256 respondents (74% reporting as 50+) from the New Jersey/New York City area to complete the survey (offered in English, Chinese, Korean, and Spanish) and modeled the proportional odds (PO) for favorable attitudes toward research activities. RESULTS Seventy‐seven SA and 84 EA respondents were analyzed alongside 95 White, Black, or Hispanic adults. White (PO = 2.54, p = 0.013) and EA (PO = 2.14, p = 0.019) respondents were both more likely than SA respondents to endorse healthy volunteers’ participation in research, and the difference between White and SA respondents was mediated by the latter's greater internal LoC for dementia risks. EA respondents had more worries for future dementia/stroke than SA respondents (p = 0.006) but still shared SA respondents’ lower wish (measured by proportion of total) to learn of incidental MRI findings. DISCUSSION SA—and EA compared to SA—older adults had low desire to learn of incidental MRI findings but had different attitudes toward future dementia/stroke risks. A culturally appropriate protocol to disclose incidental MRI findings may improve SA and EA participation in brain health research. Highlights Older Asian Americans have limited interest in incidental findings on research MRI South Asians are most likely to attribute dementia to people's own behaviors South Asians’ attitudes mediate lower support for healthy volunteers in research South and East Asians differ in dementia worries and research‐related attitudes

IntroductionThe prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC) describe a group of neurological conditions characterized by severe impairment of consciousness resulting from the injury of the central nervous system. As the behavioral diagnosis of pDOC remains challenging, the methods based on observing brain activity appear as promising alternatives. One of these methods is electroencephalography, which allows for noninvasive assessment of brain function.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated evoked auditory responses to the chirp-modulated auditory stimulation as a potential biomarker of awareness in pDOC. Chirp-modulated stimulation is based on the repetitive presentation of auditory stimuli with a changing frequency over time. Two protocols were tested: amplitude-modulated narrow-band chirps (frequency range 25–55 Hz) and click-based wide-band chirps (30–100 Hz). The studied pDOC patient group included 62 patients (19 females and 43 males, mean age 40.72 years) diagnosed with Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. Envelope-following responses to stimulation were examined using the intertrial phase clustering coefficient.ResultsFor both types of stimulation, the strength of the response in the low-gamma range (around 40 Hz) was related to the diagnosis of pDOC. Patients diagnosed with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome exhibited diminished responses, while more favorable diagnoses, suggesting awareness (minimally conscious state or emergence from the minimally conscious state), showed elevated responses. The variations in the integrity of the auditory pathway and the etiology of brain injury altered the observed response strength. Narrow-band stimulation yielded a more systematic relationship between low-gamma response and pDOC diagnosis.DiscussionThe results suggest the potential role of low gamma-band responses to chirp-modulated stimulation as the supportive diagnostic tool to detect awareness in the pDOC patient group.

Abstract Background Selective Retina Therapy (SRT), a photodisruptive micropulsed laser modality that selectively destroys RPE cells followed by regeneration, and Thermal Stimulation of the Retina (TSR), a stimulative photothermal continuous wave laser modality that leads to an instant sublethal temperature increase in RPE cells, have shown therapeutic effects on Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in mice. We investigate the differences between both laser modalities concerning RPE regeneration. Methods For PCR array, 6 eyes of murine AMD models, apolipoprotein E and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2- like 2 knock out mice respectively, were treated by neuroretina-sparing TSR or SRT. Untreated litter mates were controls. Eyes were enucleated either 1 or 7 days after laser treatment. For morphological analysis, porcine RPE/choroid organ cultures underwent the same laser treatment and were examined by calcein vitality staining 1 h and 1, 3 or 5 days after irradiation. Results TSR did not induce the expression of cell-mediators connected to cell death. SRT induced necrosis associated cytokines as well as inflammation 1 but not 7 days after treatment. Morphologically, 1 h after TSR, there was no cell damage. One and 3 days after TSR, dense chromatin and cell destruction of single cells was seen. Five days after TSR, there were signs of migration and proliferation. In contrast, 1 h after SRT a defined necrotic area within the laser spot was seen. This lesion was closed over days by migration and proliferation of adjacent cells. Conclusions SRT induces RPE cell death, followed by regeneration within a few days. It is accompanied by necrosis induced inflammation, RPE proliferation and migration. TSR does not induce immediate RPE cell death; however, migration and mitosis can be seen a few days after laser irradiation, not accompanied by necrosis-associated inflammation. Both might be a therapeutic option for the treatment of AMD.

The diplomat Siegmund von Herberstein decorated his Russian travelogues and his autobiographical works with several illustrations, including some with references to Hungary. Augustin Hirschvogel created the depictions of the rulers Herberstein visited, as well as the illustrations of his European journeys. However, the rulers wearing ornate fictive armour were not authentic portraits: they were inspired by the woodcuts of Hans Burgkmair the Elder (Genealogy), as well as by the engravings of the Augsburger Geschlechterbuch. Hirschvogel later made busts in the shape of a medallion, which were more authentic, as they were based on paintings, engravings and commemorative coins depicting the rulers. The number of the scenes about Herberstein’ s travels also increased: one genre scene depicted one of his most significant journeys, his visit to Suleiman’ s military camp at the Danube in 1541, after the capture of Buda. The negotiations have two other depictions as well. Herberstein also decorated his biographical publications with six full-length portraits depicting him in the various outfits of an ambassador. He wore one of them during his visit to Buda in 1541, and received another as a gift from Suleiman.

This paper aims to analyze Curitiba and Florianopólis, the two oldest UNESCO creative cities in Brazil, in a comparative approach. The propose is to identify in which extent the UNESCO labelling process has contributed to promote the chosen modality and related sectors. Moreover, given the current global pandemic, this study also draws a portrait of before and after COVID-19, especially when it comes to the tourism enterprise. For that, we use secondary data as well as primary data to deal with both cities case studies. Our secondary sources tackles labor market data and tourism flow contextualized to the two territories, exploring the Network's potential, achievements and challenges after the label granting added up the pandemic setting.

This article attempts to highlight the way management plans could contribute to the creation of a common understanding among stakeholders for the protection, enhancement and presentation of monuments in Greece, and to the joint setting of targets among all competent state services for the protection of cultural heritage, along with the civil society organizations with an active role in this context. Specifically, the article investigates how a management plan could incorporate and balance the different responsibilities, priorities and views of all stakeholders and the challenges involved, highlighting the potential of this process to function as a framework for dialogue and effective decision-making on major management issues concerning monuments and their environment.

The question of whether the characteristics of the genders are determined by anatomical, biological, or physiological factors or influenced by society and culture (or perhaps a mixture of the two), in other words whether the masculine and feminine personality traits are inherent or they are shaped by our education and the expectations of our society, is still debated in psychology, sociology, anthropology or, for example, among the researchers of the anatomy of the male and female brains. Throughout history, the theological, philosophical, and historiographical schools had different beliefs about whether the differences or the similarities between the genders are more significant. Both sides used biblical (Old Testament) texts to prove their opinion: that Eve was made from Adam’s rib is proof of the secondary role of women, however, the fact that humans (both male and female) were created in the image and likeness of God means that they are inherently equal. The egalitarian philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment also denied the psychological differences between men and women, claiming that the soul has no gender.