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Consulting engineering firms use detailed applications to dimension the ventilation air volumes and sizes of overall ventilation systems. The disadvantage is that the programs are very complex and time-consuming to use so a simplified Excel-based program, TCD2 (Thermal Calculation by Design, version 2) has been developed. To document that TCD2 can be used, it has been tested against annual simulations with BSim (Building Simulation) based on several different cases. The results of the comparisons with BSim are promising for the temperature course during working hours and are on the safe side as regards the recommendations of the Danish Building Regulations. Further validations of TCD2 compared to BSim are required to fully recommend TCD2.

This study investigates solutions for facade renovation of general office buildings built between 1960 and 1980 in the Copenhagen Municipality. 44 buildings are used for the study. They share common structural and construction principles like the use of beams and columns and prefabricated elements. The problems that face these buildings are a high number of overheating hours and high heating consumption. Four strategies are tested for the renovation: external re-insulation, double-skin facade (existing inner facade), double-skin facade (new inner facade) and curtain wall. External re-insulation and curtain wall provide the best results for reducing the energy consumption for heating.

Museum storage buildings should be able to provide a considerable stable indoor environment in terms of temperature and relative humidity (RH). To obtain such stable conditions with the lowest possible energy consumption, passive air conditioning is one-way solution. In this paper, indoor environment facilities of a passive museum storage building in Vejle region in Denmark, are investigated. Results demonstrate that the weather conditions of the previous yearś considerably affect the indoor environment of the storage. What is more, concentrated dehumidification is a sufficient technique to maintain RH within acceptable levels. Therefore, renewable energy such us excess wind energy during the night can be utilized.

This paper is concerned with using solar panels as high-tech cladding materials on multi-angled facades for office buildings. The energy produced by the solar panels will be consumed inside the office rooms by cooling compressors, ventilation, lighting and office equipment. Each multi-angled facade unit is directed into two different orientations on a vertical axis (right and left), but not tilted up and down. The different facade orientations will optimize the use of solar radiation to produce the needed energy from the solar panels when placing them on the parapets of these facades. In this regard, four scenarios with different facade configurations and orientations are evaluated and discussed. The method for the simulations and calculations depends on two main programs: first, IDA ICE program to calculate the energy consumption and evaluate the indoor climate of the building; and second, PVBAT to calculate the cost of the electricity produced by the solar panels and evaluate the total amount of energy produced from these panels along with the ratio to the energy bought directly from the electricity grid. There is also an environmental evaluation for the system by calculating the CO2 emissions in the different scenarios.

Museums keep and protect a part of our material cultural heritage for future generations; however the museums only exhibit a little part of their collections and most of the objects are kept in storage. Unfortunately the climates of many storage rooms are not ideal for keeping the chemical and physical decay of the objects as low as possible. Museum storage buildings should be able to provide a considerable stable indoor environment in terms of temperature and relative humidity. This paper explores how to simulate and build low energy museums storage buildings, and the paper shows that it is possible to make a building of low building expenses, very low running expenses and very high quality. In addition it is described that the energy consumption is only 2% compared to normal HVAC solutions, and the 2% can be delivered by excess wind power from Danish windmills resulting in that the building is close to be CO2 neutral. The analysis shows very good agreement between simulations and measurements, meaning that the proposed methods can be used for designing museum storage buildings. The analysis also shows, that the weather conditions of previous years, affect the indoor environment of the following years.

This paper presents an innovative low-energy district heating (DH) concept based on low-temperature operation. The decreased heating demand from low-energy buildings affects the cost-effectiveness of traditionally-designed DH systems, so we carried out a case study of the annual energy performance of a low-energy network for low-energy houses in Denmark. We took into account the effect of human behaviour on energy demand, the effect of the number of buildings connected to the network, a socio-economic comparison with ground source heat pumps, and opportunities for the optimization of the network design, and operational temperature and pressure. In the north-European climate, we found that human behaviour can lead to 50% higher heating demand and 60% higher heating power than those anticipated in the reference values in the standard calculations for energy demand patterns in energy-efficient buildings. This considerable impact of human behaviour should clearly be included in energy simulations. We also showed that low-energy DH systems are robust systems that ensure security of supply for each customer in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way in areas with linear heat density down to 0.20 MWh/(m year), and that the levelized cost of energy in low-energy DH supply is competitive with a scenario based on ground source heat pumps. The investment costs represent up to three quarters of the overall expenditure, over a time horizon of 30 years; so, the implementation of an energy system that fully relies on renewable energy needs substantial capital investment, but in the long term this is sustainable from the environmental and socio-economic points of view. Having demonstrated the value of the low-energy DH concept, we evaluated various possible designs with the aim of finding the optimal solution with regard to economic and energy efficiency issues. Here we showed the advantage of low supply and return temperatures, their effect on energy efficiency and that a DH design that relies on low-temperature operation is superior to a design based on low-flow operation. The total primary energy use in the best design was 14.3% lower than the primary energy use for standard, recently designed networks, and distribution heat losses were halved. Moreover, the exploitation of the entire available pressure by means of careful network design decreased the average pipe size required, which slightly lowers the investment costs for purchasing and laying the pipelines in the ground. This low-temperature DH concept fits the vision of the future energy-sustainable society.

In the future building design must progress to a format where CO 2 neutral societies are optimized as a whole and innovative technologies integrated. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the problems using a simplified design tool to simulate a complicated building and how this may not give sufficiently good results in terms of actual performance of the real building. This is illustrated by example of Viborg Town Hall using a simplified Danish tool Be10 and a dynamic Building Simulation Programme IES-VE. The model is evaluated based on actual weather data. In addition, IES-VE is evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation in order to evaluate the confidence level of the models' accuracy for Viborg Town Hall.

Despite the large economic and ecologic costs, museum storage spaces are often equipped with extensive air conditioning, to provide the desired stable interior climate. The new “passive conditioning” paradigm aims at resolving these costs: a high-hygrothermal-inertia building with a high-hygrothermal-resistance envelope is to satisfactorily stabilise that interior climate, with no need for mechanical air conditioning hence. This paper first studies the reliability of full passive conditioning for museum storage spaces. It is shown to be an illusion, since it usually results in excessive interior humidities. Auxiliary dehumidification is thus required to provide good conservation conditions, and it is secondly investigated how the dehumidification load can be diminished. The study reveals the crucial impact of air tightness, while thermal insulation only has a minor influence. To further reduce the economic and ecologic cost of conditioning, the paper finally assesses “concentrated dehumidification”: dehumidification during a part of the day only, while leaving the humidity free-running during the rest of the day. It is established that the hygric inertia of the interior air, building walls and stored objects keeps the fluctuations of the interior relative humidities to a minimum when considering adequately air tight museum storage spaces. ispartof: Energy and Buildings vol:56 pages:169-178 status: published

Building design must evolve from today's practice – where the individual building parts are optimized separately – into a future where the whole building, including all installed systems, is optimized by integrating innovative technologies that will furthermore make the building itself an active part of the total energy system. Integrated design is a design process informed by multidisciplinary knowledge, where different software plays an important role in the designing process. Numerous simulation programs from different kinds of engineering fields (indoor climate, energy balance, district heating, life cycle assessment etc.) exist today, but their capabilities are not used in an integrated way and optimization opportunities are often lost. The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the importance of handling links between different simulation tools in order to manage the implementation of C02 neutral communities. A link between a dynamic energy simulation program for buildings and a simulation program for district heating networks is demonstrated. The results of the investigation give an example of how to analyze a community and make recommendations for applying the low-energy district heating concept for low-energy buildings. The annual energy performance is evaluated as well as the socio-economy of a demonstrative network based on realistic energy loads that derived from a human behaviour model. Finally the presentation comments on the reasonable lower limit for the heat demand density for which the connection to low-energy district heating networks is cost-effective and energy efficient. By using a dynamic energy simulation program for buildings it is possible to analyze the influence of the human behaviour for the building and link the results to the simulation program for district heating networks. The results show that human behaviour can lead to 50% higher heating demand and 60% higher peak loads than expected according to reference values in standardized calculation of energy demand pattern in energy-efficient buildings. The consequence is that in order to get the full potential of the energy saving in the society it is very important to address the decisive involvement of the end-users. The human behaviour is the factor that affects the most the energy use in low-energy buildings and should be included in energy simulations. The results can then be linked to programs simulating the energy supply system in order to support the design of CO2-free communities. The cases considered, although referring to the Danish tradition in the construction sector and to the Danish climate, have a general value and are adaptable to other situations and countries. The results demonstrate that there is a large potential for distributing energy in areas with energy efficient buildings. As a measure for the feasibility of district heating, the linear heat density can be used as a representative value, and the results show that it is possible to supply heat with low-energy district heating networks in a cost-effective way in areas with linear heat densities down to 0.20 MWh/(m.year). Even in cases where the user behaviour is not optimal, the system is able to deliver heat to each customer. The low-energy district heating concept could be strategic for reaching ambitious energy and climate targets and has the potential for being widely implemented in Europe, taking into account what concluded in the EcoHeatCool project, 2006 about the European heat market. Similar conclusion can be drawn for other countries where energy saving measures and efficiency in the energy supply agenda are priorities in the political agenda. In the perspective of a 100% RE-based heating sector, the presentation explore the opportunity to apply community energy systems optimized to supply low-energy buildings, since there might be the chance that such concept can be more cost-effective than single-building-oriented concepts (in specific conditions).

The Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences (Metropolia) started the CDIO concept in the autumn of 2008. The aim with this was to reform the B.Sc. courses to guide students to become better and more efficient engineers. The working conditions of a typical engineer involve many other fields than just those requiring technical skills. Interpersonal skills are becoming increasingly important, including communication, teamwork and leadership. The purpose of this paper is to describe the co-operation between DTU and Metropolia on the development of an International Communication Course for the engineering students and to emphasize the importance of including a course like this into the CDIO concept, to be worked on in the process of further development. The course described in this paper is a strictly non-engineering course in communication; it is special in that its chief purpose is to bring into focus the fact that students have to take an active part in the exercises as well as involve themselves in the interactive communication process. This is in stark contrast to a teacher giving lectures about communication, leaving the students passive listeners. The personal involvement aroused a negative reaction from several students at the beginning of the course however, during the one- week course the students gained a better understanding of the importance of learning how to communicate appropriately. Altogether, the four key questions dealing with the quality of the course show a very high satisfaction with the instruction. The grades one and two (1 best/very much, 5 worst/very little) of the responses to these four questions are ranging on average from 69.5% to 88% (on a yearly basis). The positive responses indicate that the students are very satisfied with the course recognising the need for education on international communication.

Nowadays the typical engineer has working conditions different from before. They require many competences other than just the hard-core technical ones: personal and professional skills, multidisciplinary teamwork, communication, communication in foreign languages and leadership skills; thus, the personal competences are becoming more important. It is vital that the modern education for engineering students meets the demands of the business life of today, where the engineer has to solve both technical and interpersonal problems. For this reason, it is important to implement practises of interpersonal skills in the engineering education. International communication is one of the issues becoming more important in the globalised world of today. The CDIO Syllabus narrates the needed skills and one way of improving the quality and ideas in the CDIO implementation is through international co-operation. In this case the co-operation was begun through the invitation of Associate Professor Christensen to give an International Communication Course, in February 2010, at Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences. This invitation has been repeated twice a year since then. The International Communication Course is an innovation in engineering education based on the development of teaching methods for learning interpersonal skills in interactive classes –enabling the students to gather their own experiences through active involvement in exercises in groups of two to six persons. In order to improve the course a couple of initiatives were implemented. One is a course booklet, which contains all issues to be approached during the course. The students read the booklet beforehand and thus the course just consists of interactive exercises with interventions of explaining, sharing comments and discussion. Sharing comments and discussions are very important as they both tell the students that others have similar problems and issues as they do; but they also show the differences between young people from different cultures. In a class there are usually participants from 15 different countries and students from 55 countries have taken the course so far. Another initiative is that the students have to do three assignments. One reason for this is to see if they are able to apply what they have learned; but also to avoid students that will not deliver the efforts required. This has elevated the level of learning significantly. Based on students’ assignments written during the courses and the course booklet, the content of the course was crystallized, a book was written and published in 2017 by Metropolia. This paper discusses our experiences of the international CDIO co-operation, implementing an International Communication Course at Metropolia.

En af de store udfordringer ved moderne undervisning for ingeniørstuderende er behovet for undervisningslektioner af høj kvalitet på en måde, så emnet præsenteres på en interessant og engageret måde. Førhen var det traditionelle format for undervisningslektioner 45 minutters monolog fra en underviser, hvor interaktionen mellem underviser og studerende var af varierende omfang. Undersøgelser har vist at denne slags undervisning rummer nogle svagheder, og der er derfor et behov for at supplere undervisningslektionerne i form af forskellige aktiviteter [Biggs – 1999] [Biggs et al – 2007] [Bligh – 1972] [Christensen et al – 2007] [Grasha – 1996]. Det er derfor af stor betydning at der ved undervisningen på DTU Byg tænkes i undervisningsforløb, hvor der til forskellige tidspunkter benyttes en række forskellige undervisnings- og studieformer [Kruse – 2006]. Af denne grund er det vigtigt at underviserne har et bredt repertoire af undervisningsmetoder, hvor underviseren afhængigt af indhold, mål og de pågældende studerende kan anvende den bedst egnede metode på et givet tidspunkt [Kruse – 2006]. Ved at integrere og involvere de studerende i læreprocessen, kan indlæringen blive forøget. I efteråret 2008 gik Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU) i gang med CDIO konceptet i processen for at reformere diplomingeniør uddannelsen med den hensigt at uddanne de studerende til at blive bedre og mere effektive ingeniører. Formålet med ingeniøruddannelsen er at udvikle en undervisningsform, der er tilpasset de studerende, for at de kan udvikle sig til at blive dygtige og alsidige ingeniører, der har såvel teknisk ekspertise som veludviklede menneskelige egenskaber. I løbet af de sidste tyve år er ingeniøruniversiteterne, industrien og undervisningsministeriet blevet klar over nødvendigheden af at reformere og udvikle de ønskede kvalifikationer for ingeniører [Crawley et al – 2007] [DTU – 2007]. På denne baggrund er CDIO konceptet blevet udviklet for at skabe en kvalitetssikring og udvikling af ingeniøruddannelser. Konceptet tager udgangspunkt i ingeniørens virkelige verden, og CDIO beskriver den udviklingsproces, som ingeniørens problemløsning gennemgår. Begrebet CDIO er en forkortelse af de engelske ord: ”Conceive- Design- Implement- Operate”. Udviklingsprocessen består således af fire faser: • Begrebsafklare (Conceive) – her forstås problemet, og det belyses, ideer skabes, og behov afdækkes. • Designe (Design) – udtænkning af en løsning på problemet. • Implementere (Implement) – løsning(er) realiseres på et demonstrations niveau, og der skabes en proces eller bygges et produkt. • Drift (Operate) – det udviklede produkt anvendes i praksis. Det er således ønsket med CDIO konceptet, at diplomingeniørstuderende i deres læring gennemløber et realistisk procesforløb, hvor C, D, I og O faserne bliver tydelige og synlige for dem. CDIO konceptet blev påbegyndt på DTU i efteråret 2008. Erfaringer fra andre universiteter, der har indført CDIO, er at det har været en årelang proces at indføre i sit fulde omfang. DTU´s målsætning om effektivt at implementere CDIO i praksis og reducere tiden for denne implementerings proces, har været baggrund for forfatterens ønske om at bidrage til dette ved at indføre en bedre evalueringsmetode.

This study is about evaluating the past and present architectural quality of officebuildings built between1960 and 1980 in Denmark. The evaluation will focus onthe expression of these buildings in relation to their context, combined with thepresent sustainable performance of the buildings and their critical problems.The initial method is a historical study to define the originally intendedarchitectural quality of the office buildings and the different aspects related tothis quality. The architectural quality is studied in relation to the societal andtechnological processes that characterized this period, with special focus onindustrialization and its impact on the design process, particularly in adoptingrational and economic solutions.When evaluating the buildings in a contemporary, sustainable perspective, thedesigner faces many problems. These include: economic problems due to highenergy consumption; comfort problems due to bad indoor climate; andenvironmental problems due to the use of construction materials with a negativeimpact on the environment. Site visits show that these buildings are facing manycharacteristic constructional and aesthetic problems regarding materialdurability, mould and fungus, and lack of tightness.The analysis of the originally intended architectural quality combined withcurrent constructional, sustainable and aesthetic evaluation forms the basis for adiscussion on the possibilities of implementing sustainable solutions in the officebuildings. This implementation will have an impact on the aesthetic output, andthe concepts of possible contemporary architectures are highlighted.Keywords: architectural quality, sustainable performance, modernism,industrialization, environment, aesthetic aspects, economic, comfort problems,durability and rationality.

Simulations programs on hourly basis for energy consumption and indoor climate have traditionally been based on a relative simple model for the operative temperature independently of the location of the person in the room. In practice the location of the person has a significant influence in buildings with greater glass surfaces. A person behind a window directly exposed to the direct sun light will have a completely different operative temperature than a person behind in the room in the shadow or in an area with shading devices. Designing rooms with big glass areas therefore has a great effect of the thermal comfort in the rooms. When calculating the consequences for the thermal indoor climate, the surface temperature is an important factor. To find a simple measure for the heat loss from a person, the operative temperature can be used. The mean radiant temperature plays an important part in calculating the operative temperature and here the angular factor is used. The air temperature and the temperature on the surfaces can easily be calculated. When one wants to find the angular factor between two surfaces, one can find a specific equation for the angular factor to be used in the calculations. However, the real problem is calculating the mean value of angular factor between a seated/standing person and a vertical/horizontal rectangle since there are no direct formula for calculation of the angular factor between the surface and a person. This paper deals with a method for solving this problem by going through a complicated iteration process for all cases and setting up a solution matrix to be used in computer analysis programmes.

Thermally activated building systems (TABS) provide high temperature cooling and low temperature heating which has a better efficiency compared to traditional heating and cooling solutions. Additionally the moderate required temperature levels for heating and cooling create the opportunity to use alternative (sustainable) energy sources that would otherwise be insufficient. The design of TABS is however challenging and most often requires a complete simulation of the building. The standard ISO 11855-4 (2011) suggests a simplified sizing method for TABS. The results however omit condensation risk entirely. The proposed climate classification should fill this gap by providing the missing data in a simple manner.

Engineers are very much part of the ongoing globalization and they are encountering problems of cross-disciplinary nature. Team working skills respecting other peoples' qualifications are required so therefore interpersonal skills are becoming more and more important, including communications skills, leadership and awareness. Consequently, educational programs for teaching engineers should work with the fact that the capability of communicating with people with different background competences is important, nevertheless the engineering education has traditionally focused on technical skills rather than on personal development. In order to reform the B.Sc. courses to guide students to become better and more efficient engineers on all levels, the DTU (Technical University of Denmark) and Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences (Metropolia) modified their education according to the CDIO (conceive, design, implement and operate) approach in the autumn of 2008. The CDIO pedagogy encouraged to develop an interactive course in interpersonal skills, where the students have to take an active part in the exercises as well as involve themselves in the interactive communication process. The course consists of various exercises from which the participants will develop their awareness and knowledge of communication. It is the intention to give the students a personal understanding and idea of a different approach to communicating between people. The students evaluated the course, and the four key questions dealing with the quality of the course show a very high satisfaction with the instruction. The grades one and two (1 best/very much, 5 worst/very little) of the responses to these four questions are ranging on average from 69.5% to 88% (on a yearly basis). The positive responses indicate that the students are very satisfied with the course recognizing the need for education on international communication.

One of the challenges in modern engineering education is the demand for teaching of high quality where the subject is presented in an interesting and engaging way. By integrating and involving the students in the teaching process, the learning can be increased. At the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), the CDIO approach was started in the autumn of 2008 in the process of reforming the engineering education in order to educate the students to become more effective engineers. One of the goals is to effectively implement CDIO practices and reduce time for implementation. One of the ways to do this is to evaluate the students’ view on the CDIO learning environment. In order to get a high response rate from the students, it was decided to make the first student evaluation of the CDIO learning environment as a two page inquiry form with 16 questions on the front page and possibilities for individual comments on the reverse side of the page. In addition to the paper inquiry form there was the traditional electronic inquiry at the CampusNet. The two forms show significant difference in response rate since the paper inquiry form gave a response rate of 84% (=100% of all students attending the presentation day) compared to only 45% at the electronic inquiry at the CampusNet – giving the paper inquiry form a far more representative value. Altogether, this material has given the CDIO staff very good material for the evaluation of the CDIO Design Build course and input for improvement and effective practices. In general the results show a very high satisfaction with the Design Build course and the students like the practical approach in the CDIO concept. The students are very committed and the course motivates them for added interest in studying constructional engineering.

The decreased heating demand in low-energy buildings affects the cost-effectiveness of traditionally-designed district heating (DH) systems. This paper presents the innovative low-energy DH concept, which is based on low-temperature operation. The annual energy performance of a low-energy network for low-energy houses in Denmark was investigated. We considered the influence of the human behavior on the energy demand, the importance of the degree of buildings connected to the network and a socio-economical comparison with ground source heat pumps. In the North European climate, the human behavior can lead to 50% higher heating demand and 60% higher heating power than expected according to reference values in standardized calculation of energy demand pattern in energy-efficient buildings. Next, we proved that low-energy DH systems are robust systems that ensure the security of supply to each customer in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way in areas with linear heat density down to 0.20 MWh/(m.year). This suggests that the mandatory connection of low-energy buildings to DH in specific areas, by means of detailed energy planning, would improve the energy efficiency and the overall socio-economy and it is strategic for effective energy policy. The levelised cost of energy in case of low-energy DH supply is competitive with the scenario based on ground source heat pumps. The investment costs represent up to three quarters of the overall expenditure, over a time horizon of 30 years; hence, the implementation of an energy system that fully relies on renewable energy needs substantial capital investment, which in the long-term period is sustainable, from the environment and socio-economical point of views. The low-energy district heating concept fits the vision of the future energy sustainable society.

Nowadays many new and old buildings in Denmark have large glass surfaces. This is a consequence of the technical development of windows with low U-values that has made it possible to build houses with windows from floor to ceiling in northern climates. On the other hand if one is sitting close to these large windows on a cold winter day it is recognized that this can cause thermal discomfort. The calculation of this discomfort needs to be taken properly into account in the simulation of the thermal indoor climate and energy consumption of the rooms. The operative temperature can be used as a simple measure for thermal environ-ment. The operative temperature is a function of the air temperature, the mean radiant temperature and the relative air velocity. However, in many programs for calculation of energy consumption and thermal indoor climate the model for calculating the mean radiant temperature has traditionally been based on the calculation of an area weighted mean value independently of the location in the room. In practice the location of the per-son in the room has a significant influence and inhomogeneous radiation plays an important role for the us-ability and functionality of the room. In order to calculate the mean radiant temperature as function of the per-son´s location in the room one needs to calculate the angular factor between the person and the surfaces. This paper describes a method for detailed calculation of the operative temperature and how it can be implemented in programs for dynamic building thermal analysis. The method is demonstrated in a newer apartment with windows from floor to ceiling and shows how impotent it is to include the radiant effect from the glass sur-faces and how it influences the indoor thermal climate significantly.

This paper presents an interdisciplinary study situated within the fields of architectural design and engineering, focusing on studying and analysing the potential of multi-angled façade systems in optimizing indoor climate and energy performance and in creating new architectural qualities when renovating office buildings. The architectural potential is presented with the help of AutoCAD software. The energy efficiency and indoor climate are investigated and evaluated by using correlational research and simulation research methods with the software IDA ICE. From a functional perspective, the multi-angled façade increases the area of the office room and provides more space. There are many potential aesthetic benefits provided by multi-angled façades such as improved optical and visual quality from inside the office room and the possibility for daylight penetration and a view to outside from one part of the facade while i another part might be blocked by a shading device. From outside, the solutions may provide an interesting façade with a more dynamic form. Different scenarios are simulated and the results show that the saving in total primary energy consumption (area weighted) from a multi-angled façade compared to a renovated flat façade varies between 4.9 and 6.5 kWh/(m2.year), depending on the orientation of the façade. The increase in the office room area, when renovated with a multi-angled façade, is by 19%, while the increase of the yearly primary energy consumption (not area weighted), is by 4.4% to 9.8%, depending on the orientation of the façade.

Modern buildings are usually equipped with advanced climate conditioning systems to ensure comfort of their occupants. However, analysis of their actual operation usually identifies large potential for improvements with respect to their efficiency. Present study investigated potential for improvements in an existing office building – a Town Hall of Viborg, Denmark. Thorough field measurements of indoor environment and occupant satisfaction survey were conducted to identify and describe indoor environmental quality problems. Collected data were also used to calibrate computer simulation model, which was used for optimization of building's performance. Proposed optimization scenarios bring 21-37% reduction on heating consumption and thermal comfort improvement by 7-12%. The approach (procedure) can help to optimize building operation and shorten the adjustment period.

The engineering education has traditionally focused on the technical skills rather than on personal development. However, the personal competence is becoming more and more important, including the communications skills. One of the challenges in modern engineering education is the ability to focus on both the technical and personal development in order to educate an engineer who can solve both technical and humanistic problems; thus creating god results from an all round prospect. This workshop is an introduction to communication and will demand an active involvement for the participants at the CDIO conference. The purpose is to give the CDIO staff a personal idea of a different approach to communication between new students and how they can get to know each other faster in a better way. Education of students today will typically involve both national and international students. However, the integration of the international students is important. Elements from this workshop could be used for integrating, to perform as an ice breaker and integrate the foreign students into groups along with the local students. The workshop will consist of various small exercises, where the participants will develop their awareness, and at the same time it will be an eye-opener of how it is possible to create a new form of introduction courses for new students – giving them a chance to get to know people they would otherwise never get to talk to. Since this workshop is limited to 90 minutes, it will only be possible to introduce and inspire the participants how to use the knowledge in their own courses.