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239 results on '"Jérôme Faure"'

1. Advanced Laser–Plasma Diagnostics for a Modular High-Repetition-Rate Plasma Electron Accelerator

Author

Christian Greb, Esin Aktan, Roman Adam, Alex Dickson, Cédric Sire, Viktoria E. Nefedova, François Sylla, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Claus M. Schneider, Jérôme Faure, and Markus Büscher

Subjects
particle accelerators, plasma, laser–plasma accelerator, high repetition rate, laser-wakefield acceleration, electron source, Physics, QC1-999, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

We present a laser–plasma electron accelerator module designed to be driven by high-repetition-rate lasers for industrial applications of laser-driven electron beams. It consists of a single vacuum chamber containing all the necessary components for producing, optimizing, and monitoring electron beams generated via laser wakefield acceleration in a gas jet when driven by a suitable laser. The core methods in this paper involve a comprehensive metrological assessment of the driving laser by rigorous temporal laser pulse characterization and contrast measurements, supplemented by detailed spatiotemporal distribution analyses of the laser focus. Results demonstrate the good stability and reproducibility of the laser system, confirming its suitability for advanced scientific and industrial applications. We further demonstrate the functionality of the laser–plasma accelerator module diagnostics, perform target density characterizations, and time-resolved laser–plasma shadowgraphy. Current limitations of the set-up preventing first electron acceleration are analyzed and an outlook for future experiments is given. Our work is a first step towards the wide dissemination of fully integrated laser–plasma accelerator technology.

Published
2024
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2. Conductivity vs functionalization in single-walled carbon nanotube films

Author

Mohammad Jouni, Pavol Fedorko, Caroline Celle, David Djurado, Pascale Chenevier, and Jérôme Faure-Vincent

Subjects
Single walled carbon nanotube, Chemical functionalization, Conductivity, Charge transport model, Variable range hopping, Luttinger liquid, Science, Technology
Abstract

Abstract Diazo functionalization is a chemical method that changes the conductance of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by disrupting the C–C double bonds. Its application to native mixtures of metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs is a promising way of large-scale production of semiconducting SWCNTs for use in electronics. This has been well studied on isolated SWCNTs, but the implications on the conductivity of SWCNT materials are still unclear. Here, we study the conductivity of such functionalized SWCNT films with a progressively decreased metallic/semiconducting ratio in a wide range of temperatures (4–300 K) to unravel the charge transport mechanisms of metallic and semiconducting SWCNT subnetworks to show how these components participate in the total conductivity of the films. At low functionalization degree (below 0.2 mol%), the conductivity is dominated by a subnetwork of metallic SWCNTs through two parallel mechanisms: a Luttinger liquid mechanism and a Variable Range Hopping process. Higher functionalization (over 0.4 mol%) destroys the Luttinger liquid mechanism, and a second parallel Variable Range Hopping process arises, attributed to the conduction through the semiconducting SWCNTs. At these high functionalization degrees, the SWCNT film behaves as a material with the desired semiconducting properties. Graphical abstract We studied the conductivity of chemically functionalized Single Walled Carbon Nanotube films with a progressively decreased metallic/semiconducting ratio in a wide range of temperatures (4–300 K) to unravel the charge transport mechanisms of metallic and semiconducting SWCNT subnetworks to show how these components participate in the total conductivity of the films.

Published
2022
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3. High-Harmonic Generation and Correlated Electron Emission from Relativistic Plasma Mirrors at 1 kHz Repetition Rate

Author

Stefan Haessler, Marie Ouillé, Jaismeen Kaur, Maïmouna Bocoum, Frederik Böhle, Dan Levy, Louis Daniault, Aline Vernier, Jérôme Faure, and Rodrigo Lopez-Martens

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

We report evidence for the first generation of XUV spectra from relativistic surface high-harmonic generation (SHHG) on plasma mirrors at a kilohertz repetition rate, emitted simultaneously with energetic electrons. SHHG spectra and electron angular distributions are measured as a function of the experimentally controlled plasma density gradient scale length Lg for three increasingly short and intense driving pulses: 24 fs and a0=1.1, 8 fs and a0=1.6, and finally 4 fs and a0≈2.1, where a0 is the peak vector potential normalized by mec/e with the elementary charge e, the electron rest mass me, and the vacuum light velocity c. For all driver pulses, we observe correlated relativistic SHHG and electron emission in the range Lg∈λ/20,λ/4, with an optimum gradient scale length of Lg≈λ/10. This universal optimal Lg-range is rationalized by deriving a direct intensity-independent link between the scale length Lg and an effective similarity parameter for relativistic laser-plasma interactions.

Published
2022
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4. D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position

Author

Fatiha Bouihi, Bruno Schmaltz, Fabrice Mathevet, David Kreher, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Ceren Yildirim, Ahmed Elhakmaoui, Johann Bouclé, Mohamed Akssira, François Tran-Van, and Mohamed Abarbri

Subjects
D-π-A, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, 3,6-CzDMPA, hole-transporting materials, perovskite solar cells, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

Donor–acceptor (D–A) small molecules are regarded as promising hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. This paper reports the design, synthesis and characterization of three novel isomeric D-π-A small molecules PY1, PY2 and PY3. The chemical structures of the molecules consist of a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acceptor core functionalized with one 3,6-bis(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamino)carbazole (3,6-CzDMPA) donor moiety via a phenyl π-spacer at the 3, 5 and 7 positions, respectively. The isolated compounds possess suitable energy levels, sufficient thermal stability (Td > 400 °C), molecular glass behavior with Tg values in the range of 127–136 °C slightly higher than that of the reference material Spiro-OMeTAD (126 °C) and acceptable hydrophobicity. Undoped PY1 demonstrates the highest hole mobility (3 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1) compared to PY2 and PY3 (1.3 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1). The whole isomers were incorporated as doped HTMs in planar n-i-p PSCs based on double cation perovskite FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3. The non-optimized device fabricated using PY1 exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.41%, similar to that obtained using the reference, Spiro-OMeTAD, which demonstrated a maximum PCE of 12.58% under the same conditions. The PY2 and PY3 materials demonstrated slightly lower performance in device configuration, with relatively moderate PCEs of 10.21% and 10.82%, respectively, and slight hysteresis behavior (−0.01 and 0.02). The preliminary stability testing of PSCs is also described. The PY1-based device exhibited better stability than the device using Spiro-OMeTAD, which could be related to its slightly superior hydrophobic character preventing water diffusion into the perovskite layer.

Published
2022
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5. Waveform Control of Relativistic Electron Dynamics in Laser-Plasma Acceleration

Author

Julius Huijts, Lucas Rovige, Igor A. Andriyash, Aline Vernier, Marie Ouillé, Jaismeen Kaur, Zhao Cheng, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, and Jérôme Faure

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The interaction of ultraintense laser pulses with an underdense plasma is used in laser-plasma acceleration to create compact sources of ultrashort pulses of relativistic electrons and x rays. The accelerating structure is a plasma wave, or wakefield, that is excited by the laser ponderomotive force, a force that is usually assumed to depend solely on the laser envelope and not on its exact waveform. Here, we use near-single-cycle laser pulses with a controlled carrier-envelope phase to show that the actual waveform of the laser field has a clear impact on the plasma response. The beam pointing of our relativistic electron beam oscillates in phase with the carrier-envelope phase of the laser, at an amplitude of 15 mrad, or 30% of the beam divergence. Numerical simulations explain this observation through asymmetries in the injection and acceleration of the electron beam, which are locked to the carrier-envelope phase. These results imply that we achieve waveform control of relativistic electron dynamics. Our results pave the way to high-precision, subcycle control of electron injection in plasma accelerators, enabling the production of attosecond relativistic electron bunches and x rays.

Published
2022
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6. 2020 roadmap on plasma accelerators

Author

Félicie Albert, M E Couprie, Alexander Debus, Mike C Downer, Jérôme Faure, Alessandro Flacco, Leonida A Gizzi, Thomas Grismayer, Axel Huebl, Chan Joshi, M Labat, Wim P Leemans, Andreas R Maier, Stuart P D Mangles, Paul Mason, François Mathieu, Patric Muggli, Mamiko Nishiuchi, Jens Osterhoff, P P Rajeev, Ulrich Schramm, Jörg Schreiber, Alec G R Thomas, Jean-Luc Vay, Marija Vranic, and Karl Zeil

Subjects
plasma accelerators, laser–plasma interactions, laser wakefield acceleration, particle beams, strong field QED, free electron lasers, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Plasma-based accelerators use the strong electromagnetic fields that can be supported by plasmas to accelerate charged particles to high energies. Accelerating field structures in plasma can be generated by powerful laser pulses or charged particle beams. This research field has recently transitioned from involving a few small-scale efforts to the development of national and international networks of scientists supported by substantial investment in large-scale research infrastructure. In this New Journal of Physics 2020 Plasma Accelerator Roadmap, perspectives from experts in this field provide a summary overview of the field and insights into the research needs and developments for an international audience of scientists, including graduate students and researchers entering the field.

Published
2021
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7. Carrier-envelope phase controlled dynamics of relativistic electron beams in a laser-wakefield accelerator

Author

Lucas Rovige, Joséphine Monzac, Julius Huijts, Igor A. Andriyash, Aline Vernier, Jaismeen Kaur, Marie Ouillé, Zhao Cheng, Vidmantas Tomkus, Valdas Girdauskas, Gediminas Raciukaitis, Juozas Dudutis, Valdemar Stankevic, Paulius Gecys, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Jérôme Faure, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Physical Sciences and Technology [Vilnius] (FTMC), Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas (VDU), ANR-20-CE92-0043,HighRep,Accélération laser plasma avec des laser kiloHertz(2020), and European Project: 101004730,IFAST

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; In laser-wakefield acceleration, an ultra-intense laser pulse is focused into an underdense plasma to accelerate electrons to relativistic velocities. In most cases, the pulses consist of multiple optical cycles and the interaction is well described in the framework of the ponderomotive force where only the envelope of the laser has to be considered. But when using single-cycle pulses, the ponderomotive approximation breaks down, and the actual waveform of the laser has to be taken into account. In this paper, we use nearsingle-cycle laser pulses to drive a laser-wakefield accelerator. We observe variations of the electron beam pointing on the order of 10 mrad in the polarization direction, as well as 30% variations of the beam charge, locked to the value of the controlled laser carrier-envelope phase, in both nitrogen and helium plasma. Those findings are explained through particle-in-cell simulations indicating that low-emittance, ultrashort electron bunches are periodically injected off-axis by the transversally oscillating bubble associated with the slipping carrier-envelope phase.

Published
2022

9. Insight into the Degradation Mechanisms of Highly Conductive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Films

Author

Anass Benayad, Renaud Demadrille, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, A. Revaux, Stéphanie Pouget, Magatte N. Gueye, Jean-Pierre Simonato, Alexandre Carella, Amélie Schultheiss, CEA/DRT/LITEN, and ANR-16-CE05-0029,Harvesters,Récuperer l'energie thermique de l'environnement à l'aide d'un générateur thermoélectrique polymère pour alimenter un capteur autonome(2016)

Subjects
Conductive polymer, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, High conductivity, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Organic Chemistry, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, PEDOT:PSS, chemistry, Photovoltaics, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, business, Electrical conductor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
Abstract

Owing to its high conductivity, good flexibility, low-cost, and ease of processing, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has become a ubiquitous material, with uses in photovoltaics, energy sto...

Published
2020

10. Water content control during solution-based polymerization: a key to reach extremely high conductivity in PEDOT thin films

Author

Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Renaud Demadrille, Amélie Schultheiss, Stéphanie Pouget, Alexandre Carella, A. Revaux, and Jean-Pierre Simonato

Subjects
Conductive polymer, Crystallinity, Materials science, Fabrication, PEDOT:PSS, Polymerization, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Materials Chemistry, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Thin film, Conductivity
Abstract

Conductive polymers are a very promising alternative for the fabrication of transparent conductive materials. They have many advantages compared to existing materials, like a low-cost and a high flexibility. However, electrical conductivity still needs to be improved. We report a straightforward solution-based approach for the fabrication of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films with conductivity as high as 6046 ± 510 S cm−1, based on accurate water content control during the polymerization step. The crystallinity improvement is evidenced by GIWAXS characterization, and low temperature electrical conductivity measurements give new insights on the transport mechanisms at stake. This very high conductivity is, to our knowledge, the highest reported value for solution-based synthesis of PEDOT based materials.

Published
2020

11. High Average Power Ti:Sa Amplifier for High Energy High Repetition Rate Laser Plasma Accelerator

Author

Alain Pellegrina, Antoine Jeandet, Sandrine Ricaud, Aline Vernier, Alessandro Flacco, Jérôme Faure, and Christophe Simon-Boisson

Abstract

Modern laser plasma accelerators require combination of high peak power and high average power from the laser. Ti:Sa CPA remaining the best technology for such purpose a high average power Ti:Sa amplifier has been developed

Published
2022

12. Carrier-Envelope Phase Controlled Electron Dynamics in a Laser-Wakefield Accelerator

Author

Julius Huijts, Lucas Rovige, Joséphine Monzac, Igor A. Andriyash, Aline Vernier, Marie Ouillé, Jaismeen Kaur, Zhao Cheng, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, and Jérôme Faure

Abstract

We report on the first observation and control of carrier-envelope phase effects in Laser Wakefield Acceleration. These effects imply the breakdown of the cycle-averaged ponderomotive approximation and are explained through highly localized off-axis electron injection.

Published
2022

13. Cyclopentadithiophene and Fluorene Spiro-Core-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Rana Nakar, Bruno Schmaltz, Clément Cabanetos, François Tran-Van, Marwan Kobeissi, F. Javier Ramos, Philippe Blanchard, Pablo Simón Marqués, Lionel Sanguinet, Clément Dalinot, Philippe Leriche, Jean Rousset, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Nicolas Berton, Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E), Université de Tours (UT), Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (UMR) (IPVF), École polytechnique (X)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-TOTAL FINA ELF-EDF (EDF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social], MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), C2S2, XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Fluorene, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Core (optical fiber), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, General Energy, chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Perovskite (structure)
Abstract

New three-dimensional hole-transporting materials (HTMs) based on either 9,9′-spirobifluorene (SBF) or spiro-[cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b′]dithiophene-4,9′-fluorene] (SDTF) core have been synthesized. A...

Published
2019

14. Simple carbazole-based hole transporting materials with fused benzene ring substituents for efficient perovskite solar cells

Author

Bruno Schmaltz, Sylvain Vedraine, François Tran-Van, Nicolas Berton, Safia Benhattab, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Fatima Al-Zohbi, Youssef Jouane, Johann Bouclé, Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E), Université de Tours (UT), RF-ELITE : RF-Electronique Imprimée pour les Télécommunications et l'Energie (XLIM-RFEI), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours

Subjects
hole-transporting materials, synthesis, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Ring (chemistry), Photochemistry, perovskite solar cells, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, carbazole, Materials Chemistry, Benzene, Perovskite (structure), [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Carbazole, Aromaticity, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, high efficiency, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Two simple carbazole-based hole-transporting materials (HTMs) substituted with fused aromatic rings (Cz-N and Cz-Pyr) were synthesized in high yield and tested in perovskite solar cells (PSC). Cz-Pyr appears as a very promising HTM owing to its easy synthesis, relatively high Tg and high efficiency, outperforming the reference HTM Spiro-OMeTAD in PSCs.

Published
2019

15. Electron acceleration using radially polarized laser pulses interacting with a plasma mirror

Author

Olle Lundh, Henri Vincenti, Neil Zaïm, Fabien Quéré, L. Chopineau, Jérôme Faure, Diego Guenot, and A. Denoeud

Subjects
Physics, Acceleration, Linear polarization, law, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High harmonic generation, Radial polarization, Plasma, Electron, Atomic physics, Laser, law.invention
Abstract

We present experimental results of vacuum laser acceleration (VLA) of electrons using radially polarized laser pulses interacting with a plasma mirror. Tightly focused, radially polarized laser pulses have been proposed for electron acceleration because of their strong longitudinal electric field, making them ideal for VLA. However, experimental results have been limited until now because injecting electrons into the laser field has remained a considerable challenge. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that using a plasma mirror as an injector solves this problem and permits us to inject electrons at the ideal phase of the laser, resulting in the acceleration of electrons along the laser propagation direction while reducing the electron beam divergence compared to the linear polarization case. We obtain electron bunches with few-MeV energies and a 200-pC charge, thus demonstrating, for the first time, electron acceleration to relativistic energies using a radially polarized laser. High-harmonic generation from the plasma surface is also measured, and it provides additional insight into the injection of electrons into the laser field upon its reflection on the plasma mirror. Detailed comparisons between experimental results and full 3D simulations unravel the complex physics of electron injection and acceleration in this new regime: We find that electrons are injected into the radially polarized pulse in the form of two spatially separated bunches emitted from the p-polarized regions of the focus. Finally, we leverage on the insight brought by this study to propose and validate a more optimal experimental configuration that can lead to extremely peaked electron angular distributions and higher energy beams.

Published
2021

16. 2020 roadmap on plasma accelerators

Author

Michael C. Downer, Marija Vranic, F. Mathieu, Joerg Schreiber, Leonida A. Gizzi, Jérôme Faure, Jean-Luc Vay, Stuart Mangles, Paul Mason, Alessandro Flacco, Andreas Alexander Maier, Patric Muggli, Mamiko Nishiuchi, Marie-Emmanuelle Couprie, Ulrich Schramm, Thomas Grismayer, Axel Huebl, Felicie Albert, Alexander Debus, P. P. Rajeev, Alexander Thomas, Karl Zeil, Marie Labat, Chan Joshi, Wim Leemans, Jens Osterhoff, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Radiation Physics [Dresden], Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Max Planck Institute for Physics, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), Commission of the European Communities, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Field (physics), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Fluids & Plasmas, particle beams, Physics, Multidisciplinary, laser-plasma interactions, General Physics and Astronomy, plasma interactions, plasma: wake field, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, accelerator: technology, 010306 general physics, plasma accelerators, activity report, Physics, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, accelerator: plasma, Plasma, Research needs, laser wakefield acceleration, Charged particle, Graduate students, free electron lasers, Physical Sciences, laser&#8211, strong field QED
Abstract

New journal of physics 23(3), 031101 (2021). doi:10.1088/1367-2630/abcc62, Plasma-based accelerators use the strong electromagnetic fields that can be supported by plasmas to accelerate charged particles to high energies. Accelerating field structures in plasma can be generated by powerful laser pulses or charged particle beams. This research field has recently transitioned from involving a few small-scale efforts to the development of national and international networks of scientists supported by substantial investment in large-scale research infrastructure. In this New Journal of Physics 2020 Plasma Accelerator Roadmap, perspectives from experts in this field provide a summary overview of the field and insights into the research needs and developments for an international audience of scientists, including graduate students and researchers entering the field., Published by IOP, [London]

Published
2021

17. Dosimetric characterisation and application to radiation biology of a kHz laser-driven electron beam

Author

Aline Vernier, Rachel Delorme, Patrik Gonçalves Jorge, Lucas Rovige, M. Cavallone, Raphaël Moeckli, Emilie Bayart, Jérôme Faure, Eric Deutsch, Alessandro Flacco, Julius Huijts, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Lausanne University Hospital, and Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Materials science, Radiobiology, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), [SDV.IB.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Nuclear medicine, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dosimetry, Irradiation, 010306 general physics, business.industry, General Engineering, Physics - Applied Physics, Laser, 3. Good health, Picosecond, Femtosecond, Cathode ray, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph], Physics - Accelerator Physics, business
Abstract

International audience; Laser-plasma accelerators can produce ultra-short electron bunches in the femtosecond to picosecond duration range, resulting in very high peak dose rates in comparison with clinical accelerators. This unique characteristic motivates their possible application to radiation biology studies to elucidate the effect of high peak dose rates and peculiar temporal structures on the biological response of living cells, which might improve the differential response between tumour and healthy tissues. Electron beams driven by kHz laser systems are an attractive option among laser-plasma accelerators since the high repetition rate can boost the mean dose rate and improve the stability of the delivered dose in comparison with J-class laser accelerators running at few Hz. In this work, we present the dosimetric characterisation of a kHz, low energy laser-driven electron source and preliminary results on in-vitro irradiation of cancer cells. A shot-to-shot dosimetry protocol enabled monitoring of the beam stability and the irradiation conditions for each cell sample. Results of survival assays on HCT116 colorectal cancer cells are in good agreement with previous findings reported in the literature and validate the robustness of the dosimetry and irradiation protocol.

Published
2021

18. Symmetric and asymmetric shocked gas jets for laser-plasma experiments

Author

Lucas Rovige, Paulius Gečys, Aline Vernier, F. Sylla, Igor Andriyash, Gediminas Račiukaitis, Valdas Girdauskas, Jérôme Faure, Vidmantas Tomkus, Juozas Dudutis, Julius Huijts, Valdemar Stankevič, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Center for Physical Sciences and Technology [Vilnius] (FTMC)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Nozzle, Rotational symmetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Computational fluid dynamics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Shock position, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Supersonic speed, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Jet (fluid), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Plasma, Mechanics, Physics - Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Oblique shock, business
Abstract

International audience; Shocks in supersonic flows offer both high density and sharp density gradients that are used, for instance, for gradient injection in laser-plasma accelerators. We report on a parametric study of oblique shocks created by inserting a straight axisymmetric section at the end of a supersonic “de Laval” nozzle. The effect of different parameters, such as the throat diameter and straight section length on the shock position and density, is studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Experimental characterizations of a shocked nozzle are compared to CFD simulations and found to be in good agreement. We then introduce a newly designed asymmetric shocked gas jet, where the straight section is only present on one lateral side of the nozzle, thus providing a gas profile well adapted for density transition injection. In this case, full-3D fluid simulations and experimental measurements are compared and show excellent agreement.

Published
2021

19. Simultaneous measurements of high-order harmonics, accelerated electrons and protons emitted from relativistic plasma mirrors

Author

Stefan Haessler, Jaismeen Kaur, Eyal Kroupp, Marie Ouillé, Daniel A. Levy, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Igor Andriyash, Victor Malka, and Jérôme Faure

Subjects
Physics, Proton, Relativistic plasma, law, Electric field, Harmonics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High harmonic generation, Electron, Plasma, Atomic physics, Laser, law.invention
Abstract

We report the first simultaneous measurements of high-harmonic generation, accelerated electron and proton beams generated on relativistic plasma mirrors with controlled scale length using laser pulses with duration tunable from 27 fs to sub-4 fs.

Published
2021

20. Identifying observable carrier-envelope phase effects in laser wakefield acceleration with near-single-cycle pulses

Author

Julius Huijts, Igor Andriyash, Aline Vernier, Jérôme Faure, Lucas Rovige, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), and École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Carrier-envelope phase, Phase (waves), Electron, Plasma, Radiation, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Betatron, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

International audience; Driving laser wakefield acceleration with extremely short, near single-cycle laser pulses is crucial to the realization of an electron source that can operate at kHz-repetition rate while relying on modest laser energy. It is also interesting from a fundamental point of view, as the ponderomotive approximation is no longer valid for such short pulses. Through particle-in-cell simulations, we show how the plasma response becomes asymmetric in the plane of laser polarization, and dependent on the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the laser pulse. For the case of self-injection, this in turn strongly affects the initial conditions of injected electrons, causing collective betatron oscillations of the electron beam. As a result, the electron beam pointing, electron energy spectrum, and the direction of emitted betatron radiation become CEP dependent. For injection in a density gradient, the effect on beam pointing is reduced and the electron energy spectrum is CEP independent, as electron injection is mostly longitudinal and mainly determined by the density gradient. Our results highlight the importance of controlling the CEP in this regime for producing stable and reproducible relativistic electron beams and identify how CEP effects may be observed in experiments. In the future, CEP control may become an additional tool to control the energy spectrum or pointing of the accelerated electron beam.

Published
2021

21. Towards single-cycle relativistic optics at high repetition rate

Author

Aline Vernier, Tamas Nagy, Dominykas Gustas, J.P. Rousseau, M. Lozano, Peter Simon, Andreas Blumenstein, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Marie Ouillé, Jérôme Faure, Stefan Haessler, and Zhao Cheng

Subjects
Physics, Repetition (rhetorical device), business.industry, Plasma, Electron, Laser, Intensity (physics), law.invention, Acceleration, Optics, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Waveform, business, Single cycle
Abstract

We present a near-single-cycle near-infrared light source that can be focused to relativistic intensity at 1kHz. We observe first experimental indications of light waveform effects in laser-wakefield acceleration of relativistic energy electrons

Published
2020

22. Demonstration of stable long-term operation of a kilohertz laser-plasma accelerator

Author

Gediminas Račiukaitis, Aline Vernier, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Valdemar Stankevič, Paulius Gečys, Jérôme Faure, Valdas Girdauskas, Igor Andriyash, Juozas Dudutis, Zhao Cheng, Julius Huijts, Vidmantas Tomkus, Marie Ouillé, Lucas Rovige, Coherence and Quantum Technology, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), and École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Density gradient, Continuous operation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, electron: particle source, plasma: density, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, gas, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Jet (fluid), Particle-Beam Sources, accelerator: plasma, Surfaces and Interfaces, Plasma, stability, Laser, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Physics - Plasma Physics, Shock (mechanics), laser, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), lcsh:QC770-798, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Particle-in-cell, Atomic physics, Beam (structure), performance
Abstract

International audience; We report on the stable and continuous operation of a kilohertz laser-plasma accelerator. Electron bunches with 2.6 pC charge and 2.5 MeV peak energy were generated via injection and trapping in a downward plasma density ramp. This density transition was produced in a specially designed asymmetrically shocked gas jet. The reproducibility of the electron source was also assessed over a period of a week and found to be satisfactory with similar values of the beam charge and energy. Particle in cell simulations confirm the role of the shock and the density transition in the electron injection mechanism. These results show that the reproducibility and stability of the laser-plasma accelerator are greatly enhanced on the long-term scale when using a robust scheme for density gradient injection.

Published
2020

23. Spray-coated PEDOT:OTf films: thermoelectric properties and integration into a printed thermoelectric generator

Author

Jean-Pierre Simonato, Etienne Yvenou, Renaud Demadrille, Alexandre Carella, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Magatte N. Gueye, Martina Sandroni, Stéphanie Pouget, CEA/DRT/LITEN, and ANR-16-CE05-0029,Harvesters,Récuperer l'energie thermique de l'environnement à l'aide d'un générateur thermoélectrique polymère pour alimenter un capteur autonome(2016)

Subjects
Conductive polymer, Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Thermal conductivity, Thermoelectric generator, PEDOT:PSS, Thermocouple, Seebeck coefficient, Thermoelectric effect, Materials Chemistry, Optoelectronics, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Organic conducting polymers are promising materials for thermoelectric applications due to their high electrical conductivity and intrinsic low thermal conductivity. Among them, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has a positive Seebeck coefficient (p-type) and is commercially available. It has therefore gained a lot of attention in the field. However, it remains challenging to process a large amount of organic thermocouples to produce an efficient thermoelectric generator (TEG). In addition, finding a way to use bidimensional (2D) printed thermocouples in a tridimensional (3D) TEG structure is not straightforward. In this article, we propose the use of ultrasonic spray-coating as a straightforward large-scale printing technique to prepare highly conducting and in situ polymerized PEDOT:OTf. The spray-coated material can reach an electrical conductivity as high as 2215 ± 665 S cm−1 at 132 ± 10 nm film thickness. We studied the influence of several parameters, such as co-solvent addition, thickness control and rinsing procedure on the conduction properties. GIWAXS and low temperature electrical conductivity measurements on films of different thicknesses allowed us to elucidate the structures of the as-prepared materials and the charge transport mechanisms. Finally, a fully printed and rolled TEG containing 156 thermocouples was prepared as a proof of concept, generating a power output of 1 μW with a 48 °C thermal gradient.

Published
2020

24. A unified electrical model based on experimental data to describe electrical transport in carbon nanotube-based materials

Author

Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Jean Dijon, Yoann Dini, Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Département des Technologies des NanoMatériaux (DTNM), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Polynomial (hyperelastic model), Materials science, Fabrication, Condensed matter physics, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, Chemical vapor deposition, Type (model theory), 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Luttinger liquid, law, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Percolation, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Understanding the electrical transport in carbon nanotube (CNT) materials is one key to reach very high electrical conductivities. All CNT material resistivity (ρ (T)) as function of the temperature are fully apprehended by their reduced activation $$W(T) = \frac{{d\ln (\rho )}}{{d\ln (T)}}$$ curves. Up to now, no model accurately fits W(T) curves, thus preventing from precisely describing the CNT material electrical transport. We present a new electrical transport model that perfectly fits all W(T) curves found in the literature and in our own data. CNT material resistivities are modeled by ρ(T)= ρ0(T−α + M(1 + βTγT2)). Our model has few enough parameters (α, M, β, γ) to relate them to the CNT physics. Below 70 K, we experimentally show that CNT material resistivity follows the Luttinger Liquid theory justifying the T−α term in our model. Above 70 K, the polynomial part becomes dominant and depends on the two different CNT fabrication techniques which lead to two very different yarn structures. For yarns made from floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition CNTs, the polynomial is explained by the percolation of metallic CNT walls. Whereas, the polynomial of yarns spun from CNT arrays is explained by the electrical transport in CNT bundles which are the basic building blocks of this type of yarns.

Published
2020

25. Interaction of ultraintense radially-polarized laser pulses with plasma mirrors

Author

Fabien Quéré, Henri Vincenti, Diego Guenot, Jérôme Faure, A. Denoeud, L. Chopineau, Olle Lundh, N. Zaïm, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Physics, business.industry, Plasma, Laser, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Femtosecond, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Relativistic speed
Abstract

International audience; We present experimental results of vacuum laser acceleration (VLA) of electrons using radially polarized laser pulses interacting with a plasma mirror. Tightly focused, radially polarized laser pulses have been proposed for electron acceleration because of their strong longitudinal electric field, making them ideal for VLA. However, experimental results have been limited until now because injecting electrons into the laser field has remained a considerable challenge. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that using a plasma mirror as an injector solves this problem and permits us to inject electrons at the ideal phase of the laser, resulting in the acceleration of electrons along the laser propagation direction while reducing the electron beam divergence compared to the linear polarization case. We obtain electron bunches with few-MeV energies and a 200-pC charge, thus demonstrating, for the first time, electron acceleration to relativistic energies using a radially polarized laser. High-harmonic generation from the plasma surface is also measured, and it provides additional insight into the injection of electrons into the laser field upon its reflection on the plasma mirror. Detailed comparisons between experimental results and full 3D simulations unravel the complex physics of electron injection and acceleration in this new regime: We find that electrons are injected into the radially polarized pulse in the form of two spatially separated bunches emitted from the p-polarized regions of the focus. Finally, we leverage on the insight brought by this study to propose and validate a more optimal experimental configuration that can lead to extremely peaked electron angular distributions and higher energy beams.

Published
2020

26. Relativistic-intensity near-single-cycle light waveforms at kHz repetition rate

Author

Aline Vernier, Tamas Nagy, Marie Ouillé, Andreas Blumenstein, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, M. Lozano, Dominykas Gustas, Jérôme Faure, Jean-Philippe Rousseau, Aurélie Jullien, Stefan Haessler, Maïmouna Bocoum, Zhao Cheng, Peter Šimon, Frederik Böhle, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., and Max-Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI)

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, High-field lasers, Electron, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, Light Cycle, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QC350-467, 010306 general physics, Ultrafast lasers, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, lcsh:TA1501-1820, Pulse duration, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Pulse (physics), Wavelength, business, Ultrashort pulse, lcsh:Optics. Light, Plasma-based accelerators
Abstract

The development of ultra-intense and ultra-short light sources is currently a subject of intense research driven by the discovery of novel phenomena in the realm of relativistic optics, such as the production of ultrafast energetic particle and radiation beams for applications. It has been a long-standing challenge to unite two hitherto distinct classes of light sources: those achieving relativistic intensity and those with pulse durations approaching a single light cycle. While the former class traditionally involves large-scale amplification chains, the latter class places high demand on the spatiotemporal control of the electromagnetic laser field. Here, we present a light source producing waveform-controlled 1.5-cycle pulses with a 719 nm central wavelength that can be focused to relativistic intensity at a 1 kHz repetition rate based on nonlinear post-compression in a long hollow-core fiber. The unique capabilities of this source allow us to observe the first experimental indications of light waveform effects in laser wakefield acceleration of relativistic energy electrons., Relativistic optics: High intensity ultra-short fast-repeating light pulses A pioneering laser source combines extremely high intensity and fast-repeating pulses with ultra-short pulse duration, opening new opportunities in the field of research and technology called relativistic optics. This requires lasers that are sufficiently intense to accelerate particles such as electrons to close to light speed, when effects of relativity theory become increasingly significant. Marie Ouillé and colleagues at the CNRS Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée in France, with co-workers in Germany, combined laser sources with light compression and manipulation methods to generate relativistic intensity pulses almost as short as a single cycle of the light wave. They say their system is currently the only light source capable of achieving pulses shorter than four femtoseconds combined with peak powers up to 1 terawatt. The researchers also demonstrated precise control over the fine structure of the light pulses.

Published
2020

27. Optimization and stabilization of a kilohertz laser-plasma accelerator

Author

Lucas Rovige, Aline Vernier, Jérôme Faure, Julius Huijts, Marie Ouillé, Igor Andriyash, T. Asai, Valdas Girdauskas, Vidmantas Tomkus, Y. Fukuda, Paulius Gečys, Gediminas Račiukaitis, Juozas Dudutis, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Zhao Cheng, Valdemar Stankevič, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology [Vilnius] (FTMC), and European Project: 654148,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,LASERLAB-EUROPE(2015)

Subjects
Physics, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Density gradient, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), Physics - Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, Pulse (physics), law.invention, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Acceleration, Quality (physics), law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics - Accelerator Physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

International audience; Laser–plasma acceleration at kilohertz repetition rates has recently been shown to work in two different regimes with pulse lengths of either 30 fs or 3.5 fs. We now report on a systematic study in which a large range of pulse durations and plasma densities were investigated through continuous tuning of the laser spectral bandwidth. Indeed, two laser–plasma accelerator (LPA) processes can be distinguished, where beams of the highest quality, with a charge of 5.4 pC and a spectrum peaked at 2–2.5 MeV, are obtained with short pulses propagating at moderate plasma densities. Through particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, the two different acceleration processes are thoroughly explained. Finally, we proceed to show the results of a 5-h continuous and stable run of our LPA accelerator accumulating more than 18 × 10 6 consecutive shots, with a charge of 2.6 pC and a peaked 2.5 MeV spectrum. A parametric study of the influence of the laser driver energy through PIC simulations underlines that this unprecedented stability was obtained thanks to micro-scale density gradient injection. Together, these results represent an important step toward stable laser–plasma accelerated electron beams at kilohertz repetition rates.

Published
2020
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28. Progress in understanding structure and transport properties of PEDOT-based materials: a critical review

Author

Alexandre Carella, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Magatte N. Gueye, Renaud Demadrille, Jean-Pierre Simonato, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Département des Technologies des NanoMatériaux (DTNM), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conception d’Architectures Moléculaires et Processus Electroniques (CAMPE ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), The authors acknowledge the LABEX Laboratoire d’Alliances Nanosciences-Energies du Futur (LANEF, ANR-10-LABX-51-01) and the ANR project Harvesters (ANR-16-CE05-0029-01) for funding this work., ANR-16-CE05-0029,Harvesters,Récuperer l'energie thermique de l'environnement à l'aide d'un générateur thermoélectrique polymère pour alimenter un capteur autonome(2016), and ANR-10-LABX-0051,LANEF,Laboratory of Alliances on Nanosciences - Energy for the Future(2010)

Subjects
Conductive polymer, Bioelectronics, Fabrication, Materials science, business.industry, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], PEDOT:PSS, Photovoltaics, Thermoelectric effect, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Since the late ’80s, a highly stable conductive polymer has been developed, that is poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene), also known as PEDOT. Its increasing conductivity throughout the years combined with its intrinsic stability have aroused great attention both in the academic and industrial fields. The growing importance of PEDOT, can be easily acknowledged through the numerous applications in thermoelectricity, photovoltaics, lighting, sensing, technical coatings, transparent electrodes, bioelectronics, and so forth. Although its high electrical conductivity is strongly established in the literature, the wide range of data shows that disorder, as the limiting factor in charges’ transport, hinders the design of materials with optimal performances. The aim of this article is to review and discuss recent progresses dealing with the electrical conductivity and transport properties in PEDOT materials, with special attention on morphological and structural features. Particular emphasis is given to the commercial PEDOT:PSS as well as other PEDOT-based materials stabilized with smaller counter-anions. It appears that the electrical conductivity and the transport mechanisms are closely related to the fabrication process, the crystallinity of the material and the choice of the counter-anions. With the tunable electrical properties, new functionalities appear accessible and add up to the already existing applications that are concisely highlighted.

Published
2020

29. Large improvement of CNT yarn electrical conductivity by varying chemical doping and annealing treatment

Author

Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Denis Rouchon, Yoann Dini, Jean Dijon, Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département Plate-Forme Technologique (DPFT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Département des Technologies des NanoMatériaux (DTNM), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Materials science, Dopant, Annealing (metallurgy), Doping, Compaction, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Carbon nanotube, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Metal, law, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Materials Science, Composite material, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 0210 nano-technology, Electrical conductor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

High conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns are a near challenge to be an alternative to metal in electrical wiring. In this work, we largely improve carbon nanotube yarn electrical conductivity by chemical doping, annealing treatments (above 2000 °C) and combination of both. We present a new efficient CNT p-type dopant based on platinum chloride IV. It decreases the resistivity by a factor of 3 and is stable over half a year. The annealing treatments above 2000 °C dramatically improve the CNT structural quality by a decade. In addition, we show that the CNT yarn electrical resistivity decreases linearly with the CNT structural quality increase and we report the world record resistivity for an undoped CNT yarn spun from CNT array (0.76 mΩ cm). We reveal that the CNT structural quality is not the only factor needed to reach high electrical conductivities. The increase in CNT structural quality significantly improves the doping efficiency by a factor of 2. By systematic measurements of the CNT yarn and web resistance from 3 K to 300 K, we are able to explain the influence of the doping, annealing, compaction and CNT length on the electrical charge transport.

Published
2020

30. Plasma Heavily Nitrogen-Doped Vertically Oriented Graphene Nanosheets (N-VOGNs) for High Volumetric Performance On-Chip Supercapacitors in Ionic Liquid

Author

Michael Buhagiar, Hanako Okuno, Dmitry Aldakov, David Aradilla, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Jean-Michel Gérard, Marc Delaunay, Gérard Bidan, Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Aldakov, Dmitry

Subjects
[CHIM.INOR] Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Materials science, Nanotechnology, Nitrogen doped, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Supercapacitor, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Graphene, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Medicine, Plasma, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, [CHIM.OTHE] Chemical Sciences/Other, Ionic liquid, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

31. Scalable chemical synthesis of doped silicon nanowires for energy applications

Author

David Aradilla, Mathieu Salaun, Julien Danet, Olga Burchak, Peter Reiss, Caroline Keller, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Pascale Chenevier, Brigitte Pépin-Donat, Christian Lombard, Yani Chen, Nedjma Bendiab, Gérard Lapertot, Anthony Vignon, SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Optique et Matériaux (OPTIMA ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Systèmes hybrides de basse dimensionnalité (HYBRID), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Optique et Matériaux (NEEL - OPTIMA), and Systèmes hybrides de basse dimensionnalité (NEEL - HYBRID)

Subjects
Supercapacitor, Materials science, business.industry, Doping, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, Chemical synthesis, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Colloidal gold, Electrode, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; A versatile, low-cost and easily scalable synthesis method is presented for producing silicon nanowires (SiNWs) as a pure powder. It applies air-stable diphenylsilane as a Si source and gold nanoparticles as a catalyst and takes place in a sealed reactor at 420°C (pressure 0.4%. When used in symmetric super-capacitor devices, 1% P-doped SiNWs exhibit an areal capacity of 0.25 mF cm −2 and retention of 80% of the initial capacitance after one million cycles, demonstrating excellent cycling stability of the SiNW electrodes in the presence of organic electrolytes.

Published
2019

32. Matériaux transporteurs de trous à coeur Spiro pour cellules solaires pérovskites

Author

Nicolas Berton, Rana Nakar, Javier Ramos, F., Clément Dalinot, Pablo Simón Marqués, Clément Cabanetos, Philippe Leriche, Lionel Sanguinet, Philippe Blanchard, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Jean Rousset, François Tran Van, Bruno Schmaltz, Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E), Université de Tours (UT), Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (UMR) (IPVF), École polytechnique (X)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-TOTAL FINA ELF-EDF (EDF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social], MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Tours, and BLANCHARD, Philippe

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

33. How to overcome the electrical conductivity limitation of carbon nanotube yarns drawn from carbon nanotube arrays

Author

Yoann Dini, Jean Dijon, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Laboratoire Composants Hybrides (LCH), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département des Technologies des NanoMatériaux (DTNM), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Interfaces pour l'énergie, la Santé et l'Environnement (DIESE), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Doping, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Activation energy, Chemical vapor deposition, Carbon nanotube, Atmospheric temperature range, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, law, Bundle, General Materials Science, Composite material, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; A complete literature review of carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn conductivities is presented, highlighting that CNT yarns made from CNT arrays grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition show a resistivity limitation of around 1 mΩ cm. We bring a deep understanding of the conduction limitation in CNT yarns spun from arrays thanks to systematic electrical transport studies in a large temperature range (3 K - 350 K) in CNT yarns made in different conditions of densification, doping and CNT lengths. The analysis of the electrical transport by the reduced activation energy clearly uncouples the effects of the inter-CNT contacts, prevailing below 70 K and the intrinsic CNT resistivity (prevailing above 70 K). Contrary to what is commonly accepted, we show that the contacts between CNTs have no impact on the CNT yarn resistivity at room temperature. In addition, we present a unique study of the structural and electrical properties of the CNT web which reveals that the CNT bundles are very well connected with each other. We estimate the CNT bundle resistivity (0.8 mΩ cm) to be close to that of the CNT yarn (1.1 mΩ cm). We conclude that, at room temperature, the CNT yarn resistivity is limited by that of the CNT bundle.

Published
2019

35. A review of recent progress on laser-plasma acceleration at kHz repetition rate

Author

Stefan Haessler, Agustin Lifschitz, Aline Vernier, Jérôme Faure, Dominikas Gustas, Marie Ouillé, Frederik Böhle, Diego Guenot, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Financial support from the Région Île-de-France (under contract SESAME-2012-ATTOLITE) and the Extreme Light Infrastructure-Hungary Non-Profit Ltd (under contract NLO3.6LOA) is gratefully acknowledged., ANR-11-EQPX-0005,ATTOLAB,Plateforme pour la dynamique attoseconde(2011), ANR-14-CE32-0011,APERO,Dynamique électronique attoseconde des plasmas et optique relativiste(2014), and European Project: 306708,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,FEMTOELEC(2013)

Subjects
single-cycle laser pulse, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Acceleration, Optics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, laser-plasma accelerator, 010306 general physics, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Jet (fluid), [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], business.industry, high-repetition rate plasma accelerator, Carrier-envelope phase, relativistic laser-plasma interaction, Condensed Matter Physics, Plasma acceleration, Laser, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

International audience; We report on recent progress on laser-plasma acceleration using a low energy and high-repetition rate laser system. Using only few milliJoule laser energy, in conjunction with extremely short pulses composed of a single optical cycle, we demonstrate that the laser-plasma accelerator ( LPA) can be operated close to the resonant blowout regime. This results in the production of high charge electron beams (> 10 pC) with peaked energy distributions in the few MeV range and relatively narrow divergence angles. We highlight the importance of the plasma density profile and gas jet design for the performance of the LPA. In this extreme regime of relativistic laser-plasma interaction with near-single-cycle laser pulses, we find that the effect of group velocity dispersion and carrier envelope phase can no longer be neglected. These advances bring LPAs closer to real scientific applications in ultrafast probing.

Published
2019

36. Efficient eco-friendly inverted quantum dot sensitized solar cells

Author

Dmitry Aldakov, Ifor D. W. Samuel, Pierre-Henri Jouneau, Peter Reiss, Arvydas Ruseckas, Jinhyung Park, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Muhammad T. Sajjad, Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Organique et Hybride (LEMOH), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Saint Andrews, Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), ANR-13-BS10-0011,QuePhelec,Semi-conducteurs de type p à large gap sensibilisés par les quantum dots pour la photoélectrochimie(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0051,LANEF,Laboratory of Alliances on Nanosciences - Energy for the Future(2010), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Global Health, EPSRC, European Research Council, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. Condensed Matter Physics

Subjects
Passivation, Electron-Transfer, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Charge-Transfer, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Photovoltaics, Electron injection, Photocurrent, QD, General Materials Science, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Redox Couple, Tandem, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Chemistry, Chalcogenide Nanocrystals, Non-blocking I/O, DAS, General Chemistry, QD Chemistry, NiO Photocathodes, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Quantum dot, Electrode, Optoelectronics, Ligand-Exchange, 0210 nano-technology, Mesoporous material, business
Abstract

Inverted quantum dot sensitized solar cells using non-toxic CuInSxSe2–x nanocrystals deposited on mesoporous NiO demonstrate high hole injection rates of 10–8 s–1 and record efficiencies of 1.25%.., Recent progress in quantum dot (QD) sensitized solar cells has demonstrated the possibility of low-cost and efficient photovoltaics. However, the standard device structure based on n-type materials often suffers from slow hole injection rate, which may lead to unbalanced charge transport. We have fabricated efficient p-type (inverted) QD sensitized cells, which combine the advantages of conventional QD cells with p-type dye sensitized configurations. Moreover, p-type QD sensitized cells can be used in highly promising tandem configurations with n-type ones. QDs without toxic Cd and Pb elements and with improved absorption and stability were successfully deposited onto mesoporous NiO electrode showing good coverage and penetration according to morphological analysis. Detailed photophysical charge transfer studies showed that high hole injection rates (108 s–1) observed in such systems are comparable with electron injection in conventional n-type QD assemblies. Inverted solar cells fabricated with various QDs demonstrate excellent power conversion efficiencies of up to 1.25%, which is 4 times higher than the best values for previous inverted QD sensitized cells. Attempts to passivate the surface of the QDs show that traditional methods of reduction of recombination in the QD sensitized cells are not applicable to the inverted architectures.

Published
2016

37. Shaping Electron Bunches at the Femtosecond Level

Author

Jérôme Faure, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), and École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Optics, Materials science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], business.industry, Electron bunches, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 010306 general physics, business, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract

International audience; By crossing an electron beam with a terahertz light pulse, researchers are able to generate a tilted electron bunch, which could provide improved temporal resolution to electron microscopy.

Published
2018

38. Triphenylamine 3,6-carbazole derivative as hole-transporting material for mixed cation perovskite solar cells

Author

An-Na Cho, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, François Tran Van, Rana Nakar, Nam-Gyu Park, Bruno Schmaltz, Nicolas Berton, Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E), Université de Tours (UT), Sungkyunkwan University [Suwon] (SKKU), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, Jacquemin, Johan, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Materials science, Triphenylamine, General Chemical Engineering, Carbazole, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Hole transporting material, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mixed cation, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Perovskite (structure), [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Perovskite solar cells, Energy conversion efficiency, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Carbazole derivative, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Light absorber, Glass transition
Abstract

International audience; A new hole transporting material based on 3,6-disubstituted carbazole (3,6Cz-TPA) was synthesized through a one-step approach and was used as hole-transporting material in perovskite solar cells. The HTM exhibits molecular glass behavior and a high glass transition temperature of 146 °C. A hole-mobility of 7.0 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1 has been measured which is slightly lower than the mobility of spiro-OMeTAD (2.5 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1). The HOMO energy level, similar to the HOMO of spiro-OMeTAD, is suitable to allow the hole injection from the perovskite. Solar cells based on organic–inorganic hybrid cation perovskite light absorber have been built. The optimization of the concentration of the HTM shows an optimal concentration around 30 mM. Finally, the perovskite cells based on 3,6Cz-TPA as HTM lead to a power conversion efficiency around 16%, similar to the most commonly used spiro-OMeTAD (17%).

Published
2018

39. Carbazole-based twin molecules as hole-transporting materials in dye-sensitized solar cells

Author

J.W. Rodriguez Acosta, Johann Bouclé, Rana Nakar, Safia Benhattab, F. Tran Van, Bruno Schmaltz, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Nicolas Berton, Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E), Université de Tours, Universidad del Valle [Cali] (Univalle), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RF-ELITE : RF-Electronique Imprimée pour les Télécommunications et l'Energie (XLIM-RFEI), XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours (UT), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Electron mobility, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Organic field-effect transistor, Carbazole, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Conjugated system, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0104 chemical sciences, Dye-sensitized solar cell, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Molecule, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition, Alkyl
Abstract

International audience; Three new carbazole-based twin molecules with non-conjugated linear alkyl chains of various length as linker were synthesized in a one-step reaction. The new hole-transporting materials TCz-C3, TCz-C6, and TCz-C12 exhibit molecular glass behavior and the glass transition temperature can be tuned via the length of the linker. The optical and electrochemical properties are not significantly altered by the twin molecular structure, while the glass transition temperature increases and the hole mobility is strongly increased with reduced chain length by up to almost one order of magnitude, as determined from OFET measurements in saturation regime, demonstrating that conjugated linkers are not necessarily required in the design of twin molecules. The molecule with the shortest chain length (C3), namely TCz-C3, exhibited a promising power conversion efficiency of 2.21% in solid-state DSSC using the D102 dye as organic sensitizer.

Published
2018

41. A new high performance ionic liquid mixture electrolyte for large temperature range supercapacitor applications (−70 °C to 80 °C) operating at 3.5V cell voltage

Author

Boyan Iliev, David Aradilla, Rodrigo Newell, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Thomas J. S. Schubert, Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Ionic Liquids Technologies GmbH (IOLITECH), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, Ionic liquid, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mixture, Supercapacitors, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Eutectic system, Supercapacitor, Temperature, Atmospheric temperature range, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Electrode, 0210 nano-technology, Electrochemical window
Abstract

International audience; In this work, we propose a new eutectic ionic liquid mixture based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1-propyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide to be employed as electrolyte in large temperature range supercapacitor applications. The electrolyte exhibited excellent thermal properties in terms of high temperature decomposition (440 °C), a very low melting temperature (no phase transition up to −70 °C) as well as a wide electrochemical window (4.4 V vs Pt). Accordingly, a symmetric coin cell supercapacitor device was performed using porous Ni-foam electrodes in presence of the corresponding mixture at an extended working temperature range from −70 °C to 80 °C. The electrochemical performance of the device was characterised by a wide electrochemical window of 3.5 V maintaining an excellent electrochemical double layer capacitive behavior in all the range. In addition, areal capacitance values between 5 μF cm−2 (−70 °C) and 100 μF cm−2 (80 °C) were obtained at a high scan rate of 20 V s−1, evidencing the rapid and extraordinary electrochemical response even at such extreme temperatures with an excellent cycling stability.

Published
2018

42. Observation of large multiple scattering effects in ultrafast electron diffraction on monocrystalline silicon

Author

B. Arnaud, Pierre-Eugène Coulon, Isabel González Vallejo, Max G. Lagally, Geoffrey Gallé, Giancarlo Rizza, Jérôme Faure, Davide Boschetto, Florent Houdellier, Shelley A. Scott, David Le Bolloc'h, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02/10-LABX-0039,PALM,Physics: Atoms, Light, Matter(2011), European Project: 306708,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,FEMTOELEC(2013), European Project: 654148,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,LASERLAB-EUROPE(2015), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Physics: Atoms, Light, Matter(2011)

Subjects
Diffraction, DYNAMICS, Materials science, Reflection high-energy electron diffraction, Gas electron diffraction, PHASE, X-RAYS, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Bragg peak, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Monocrystalline silicon, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, TEMPERATURE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], business.industry, Scattering, Ultrafast electron diffraction, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), BISMUTH, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photoexcitation, ULTRABRIGHT ELECTRONS, 0210 nano-technology, business, ATOMIC MOTIONS
Abstract

We report on ultrafast electron diffraction on high quality single crystal silicon. The ultrafast dynamics of the Bragg peaks exhibits a giant photo-induced response which can only be explained in the framework of dynamical diffraction theory, taking into account multiple scattering of the probing electrons in the sample. In particular, we show that lattice heating following photo-excitation can cause an unexpected increase of the Bragg peak intensities, in contradiction with the well-known Debye-Waller effect. We anticipate that multiple scattering should be systematically considered in ultrafast electron diffraction on high quality crystals as it dominates the Bragg peak dynamics. In addition, taking into account multiple scattering effects opens the way to quantitative studies of non-equilibrium dynamics of defects in quasi-perfect crystals., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures (including supplementary information)

Published
2018

43. Relativistic-intensity near-single-cycle laser system at 1 kHz (Conference Presentation)

Author

Martin Kretschmar, Maïmouna Bocoum, Frederik Böhle, M. Lozano, Aline Vernier, Jérôme Faure, Uwe Morgner, J.-P. Rousseau, Diego Guenot, Andreas Blumenstein, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Dominykas Gustas, Peter Šimon, Aurélie Jullien, Mate Kovacs, Tamas Nagy, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INPHYNI, Nice, France, ELI-ALPS, Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), and Institut für Quantenoptik [Hannover] (IQ)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Brightness, business.industry, Attosecond, Physics::Optics, Pulse duration, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Relativistic plasma, law, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Chirp, business, Ultrashort pulse, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Controlled few-cycle light waveforms find numerous applications in attosecond science, most notably the production of isolated attosecond pulses in the XUV spectral region for studying ultrafast electronic processes in matter. Scaling up the pulse energy of few-cycle pulses could extend the scope of applications to even higher intensity processes, such as the generation of attosecond pulses with extreme brightness from relativistic plasma mirrors. Hollow-fiber compressors are widely used to produce few-cycle pulses with excellent spatiotemporal quality, whereby octave-spanning broadened spectra can be temporally compressed to near-single-cycle duration. In order to scale up the peak power of hollow-fiber compressors, the effective length and area mode of the fiber has to be increased proportionally, thereby requiring the use of longer waveguides with larger apertures. Thanks to an innovative design utilizing stretched flexible capillaries, we show that a stretched hollow-fiber compressor can generate pulses of TW peak power, the duration of which can be continuously tuned from the input seed laser pulse duration down to almost a single cycle (3.5fs at 750nm central wavelength) simply by increasing the gas pressure at the fiber end. The pulses are characterized online using an integrated d-scan device directly under vacuum. While the pulse duration and chirp are tuned, all other pulse characteristics, such as energy, pointing stability and focal distribution remain the same on target. This unique device makes it possible to explore the generation of high-energy attosecond XUV pulses from plasma mirrors using controllable relativistic-intensity light waveforms at 1kHz.

Published
2018

44. Recent Progress on High-Repetition Rate Laser-Plasma Acceleration

Author

Aline Vernier, Diego Guenot, Jérôme Faure, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Dominykas Gustas, Agustin Lifschitz, and Frederik Böhle

Subjects
Physics, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Plasma, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Plasma acceleration, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Acceleration, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

We have used kHz single cycle laser pulses in order to resonantly drive a plasma wakefield, resulting in the acceleration of relativistic electron beams with 5 MeV energies and >20 pC/shot charges. Simulations indicate that the electron bunch duration can be as short as 1 femtosecond, making this source unique for probing structural dynamics on ultrafast time scales.

Published
2018

45. High-charge relativistic electron bunches from a kHz laser-plasma accelerator

Author

Frederik Böhle, Jérôme Faure, Agustin Lifschitz, Aline Vernier, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Dominykas Gustas, Shankar Dutt, Diego Guenot, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée ( LOA ), and École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées ( Univ. Paris-Saclay, ENSTA ParisTech ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Bubble, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Acceleration, law, 0103 physical sciences, Supersonic speed, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], 010306 general physics, Microscale chemistry, Physics, Surfaces and Interfaces, Plasma, Laser, Pulse (physics), lcsh:QC770-798, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics
Abstract

International audience; We report on electron wakefield acceleration in the resonant bubble regime with few-millijoule near-single-cycle laser pulses at a kilohertz repetition rate. Using very tight focusing of the laser pulse in conjunction with microscale supersonic gas jets, we demonstrate a stable relativistic electron source with a high charge per pulse up to 24 pC/shot. The corresponding average current is 24 nA, making this kilohertz electron source useful for various applications.

Published
2018

46. Recent Progress on kHz Laser-Plasma Acceleration Driven by Single Cycle Laser Pulses

Author

Diego Guenot, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Agustin Lifschitz, Frederik Böhle, Aline Vernier, Dominykas Gustas, and Jérôme Faure

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Plasma, Electron, Plasma acceleration, Laser, law.invention, Acceleration, Optics, law, Femtosecond, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Relativistic electron beam, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

We have used kHz single cycle laser pulses in order to resonantly drive a plasma wakefield, resulting in the acceleration of relativistic electron beam with 5 MeV energies and >20 pC/shot charges. Simulations indicate that the electron bunch duration can be as short as 1 femtosecond, making this source unique for probing structural dynamics on ultrafast time scales.

Published
2018

47. New aspects of electronic excitations at the bismuth surface: Topology, thermalization and coupling to coherent phonons

Author

A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, Yoshiyuki Ohtsubo, Mark Oliver Goerbig, Marino Marsi, J. Mauchain, Luca Perfetti, E. Papalazarou, Jérôme Faure, Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CASSIOPEE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Time resolved photoemission, Phonon, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Electron spectroscopy, Spin–orbit, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Topological insulators, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Spectroscopy, Surface states, Radiation, Condensed matter physics, Chemistry, Relaxation (NMR), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Topological insulator, Charge carrier, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Rashba, Bismuth
Abstract

International audience; We review measurements of angle and time resolved photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface states of the Bi(1 1 1) surface. The work covers several aspects of these surface states, discussing the topological properties, the strong anisotropy of the spin–orbit splitting and the dynamical relaxation of photoexcited electrons. Since time resolved experiments disentagle interaction processes in real time, the reported data offer a novel perspective on the motion of charge carriers in surface states and will serve as an unuseful reference for other systems with strong spin–orbit coupling.

Published
2015

48. Analysis of carrier transport in photovoltaic structures of P3HT with CdSe nanocrystals

Author

Peter Reiss, Elsa Couderc, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, V. Vertelis, A. Nekrošius, David Djurado, Vaidotas Kažukauskas, A. Sakavičius, Vilnius University [Vilnius], Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Limiting factor, Electron mobility, Materials science, Open-circuit voltage, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, General Physics and Astronomy, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Hybrid solar cell, Conductivity, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Nanocrystal, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Optoelectronics, business, Voltage
Abstract

Hybrid photovoltaic structures made of P3HT and branched CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) with 50–90 wt% ratio were investigated. Charge Extraction by Linearly Increasing Voltage (CELIV) mobility and temperature dependent (photo-)conductivity measurements were used to analyze the charge transport. The samples with 50 wt% were photosensitive, but just a minor PV effect was observed. The photovoltaic phenomenon was pronounced in the samples containing 75 wt% or more of NCs. The Open Circuit Voltages up to 1 V were obtained. The recombination of the generated carriers was fast and could be a limiting factor of the cell current. Carrier mobility was up to (3–4) × 10−4 cm2/V s. From the fitting of mobility data the best carrier transport conditions were found in the samples with 75 wt% and 83 wt% of NCs.

Published
2015

49. Impact of Blend Morphology on Interface State Recombination in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Author

Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Gabriel Man, Andantoine Kahn, Jean-Marie Verilhac, Antoine Gras, David Djurado, Raphael Clerc, Benjamin Bouthinon, I. Ionica, Romain Gwoziecki, Jérôme Vaillant, G. Pananakakis, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien / Eris, Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Princeton University, Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, Organic solar cell, Band gap, Annealing (metallurgy), business.industry, interface state, bulk heterojunction, Condensed Matter Physics, Molecular physics, Polymer solar cell, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Photodiode, law.invention, solar cell, Biomaterials, law, morphology, Solar cell, Electrochemistry, Optoelectronics, annealing, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business, Voltage
Abstract

International audience; This work is a re-investigation of the impact of blend morphology and thermal annealing on the electrical performance of regioregular P3HT:PC 60 BM. The blend is first characterized by combining atomic force microscopy, X-rays diffraction and Time-of-Flight experiments. Then, current-voltage characteristics of photodiode devices are measured in the dark and under illumination. Finally, the existence of exponential tails of electronic gap states is experimentally confirmed by measuring the device spectral response in the sub-band gap regime. This method reveals the existence of a large density of gap states, which is partially reduced by successive annealing steps. The comparison between drift and diffusion 2 simulations and charge transport experiments show that, when band gap tails are properly taken into account, simulations can satisfactorily reproduce experimental currents under both dark and illumination conditions as a function of voltage and annealing time. This work further confirms the critical impact of tails states on the performance of solar cells.

Published
2015

50. Relativistic electron beams driven by single-cycle laser pulses at kHz repetition rate (Conference Presentation)

Author

Frederik Böhle, Aline Vernier, Benoit Beaurepaire, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Jérôme Faure, Agustin Lifschitz, Diego Guenot, and Dominykas Gustas

Subjects
Physics, Electron diffraction, law, Ionization, Ultrafast electron diffraction, Femtosecond, Electron, Plasma, Atomic physics, Laser, Ultrashort pulse, law.invention
Abstract

Laser-plasma accelerators are usually driven by 100-TW class laser systems with rather low repetition rates. However, recent years have seen the emergence of laser-plasma accelerators operating with kHz lasers and energies lower than 10 mJ. The high repetition-rate is particularly interesting for applications requiring high stability and high signal-to-noise ratio but lower energy electrons. For example, our group recently demonstrated that kHz laser-driven electron beams could be used to capture ultrafast structural dynamics in Silicon nano-membranes via electron diffraction with picosecond resolution. In these first experiments, electrons were injected in the density gradients located at the plasma exit, resulting in rather low energies in the 100 keV range. The electrons being nonrelativistic, the bunch duration quickly becomes picosecond long. Relativistic energies are required to mitigate space charge effects and maintain femtosecond bunches. In this paper, we will show very recent results where electrons are accelerated in laser-driven wakefields to relativistic energies, reaching up to 5 MeV at kHz repetition rate. The electron energy was increased by nearly two orders of magnitude by using single-cycle laser pulses of 3.5 fs, with only 2.5 mJ of energy. Using such short pulses of light allowed us to resonantly excite high amplitude and nonlinear plasma waves at high plasma density, ne=1.5-2×1020 cm-3, in a regime close to the blow-out regime. Electrons had a peaked distribution around 5 MeV, with a relative energy spread of ~30 %. Charges in the 100’s fC/shot and up to pC/shot where measured depending on plasma density. The electron beam was fairly collimated, ~20 mrad divergence at Full Width Half Maximum. The results show remarkable stability of the beam parameters in terms of beam pointing and electron distribution. 3D PIC simulations reproduce the results very well and indicate that electrons are injected by the ionization of Nitrogen atoms, N5+ to N6+, leading to the formation of an electron bunch of 1 fs duration. The interaction of single-cycle pulses with the plasma also leads to new physical effects. We have observed experimental evidence that plasma dispersion cannot be neglected in this regime. This is due to the extremely broad bandwidth of the laser, extending from 400 nm to 1000 nm, and to the high electron density. Therefore, the acceleration process is optimal when small positive chirps are introduced: the negative dispersion of the plasma then causes the re-compression of the laser pulse inside the plasma. Simulations indicate that this help localizing the injection process, leading to single femtosecond electron bunch. Such a kHz femtosecond electron source will pave to way to numerous innovative applications, such as sub-10 fs electron diffraction, radiolysis of water with unprecedented resolution or the generation of femtosecond X-ray at kHz.

Published
2017

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