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Habár a Calla palustris L.-nak egy több mint 150 éve gyűjtött hazai herbáriumi példá­nya megtalálható a Pécsi Egyetem gyűjteményében (JPU), sok botanikus kétségbe vonja az adat hiteles­ségét. A lapon olvasható be­jegyzés alapján a növény egykor a Velencei-tavon, Székesfehérvár mellett fordult elő. A lap hitelességét az ezzel foglalkozó botanikusok egy része a legutóbbi időkig kétkedve fogadta. A rendelkezésre álló információk alapján a Velencei-tó délnyugati felében ismert lápi fajok és élőhelyek, továbbá a szomszé­dos országok florisztikai és cönológiai adatai alapján a sárkánygyökér a Velencei-tónál és Magyarország más részein is megtalálhatta életfeltételeit. A herbáriumi lapon a leg­fontosabb gyűjtési adatok megfele­lő módon szerepelnek. Ennek tükrében nincs okunk kizárni, hogy a Calla palustris a 19. században a magyar flóra tagja volt. Minthogy 1856 óta egyszer sem került elő, hazánkból kipusztultnak tekinthető.

A kivi (Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. deliciosa (A. Chev.) A. Chev.) két kivadult egyedét mutattuk ki Pécsett, városi környezetben. Mindkét tő téglafalak lábazatánál, ereszcsatornák kifolyóinál lévő repedésekben, zöldséges árudák bejáratának közelében fordult elő a város különböző pontjain. A gyakori visszavágás ellenére a 2019-ben elsőként megtalált példány minden évben erőteljes vegetatív hajtásokat fejlesztett. Virágos hajtások hiányában az egyedeket vegetatív bélyegek (a levél alakja, valamint a szár és a levelek szőrözöttsége minőségi és mennyiségi jellemzői) alapján határoztuk meg. A család és a Magyarországon ültetett Actinidia fajok elsősorban vegetatív bélyegekre alapozott határozókulcsát is elkészítettük. A kivi fajok további lehetséges előfordulásának és meghonosodásának esélyeit a hazai és európai tapasztalatok alapján tárgyaljuk.

We present PADAPT 1.0, the Pannonian Database of Plant Traits which relies on regional data sources and integrates existing data and new measurements on a wide range of traits and attributes of the plant species of the Pannonian Biogeographical Region and makes it freely accessible atwww.padapt.eu. The current version covers the species of the region occurring in Hungary (cc. 90% of the region’s flora) and consists of 126,337 records on 2745 taxa. There are 53 plant attributes in PADAPT 1.0 organised in six major groups: (i) Habitus and strategy, (ii) Reproduction, (iii) Kariology, (iv) Distribution and conservation, (v) Ecological indicator values, and (vi) Leaf traits. By including species of the eastern part of Europe not covered by other databases, PADAPT can facilitate studying the flora and vegetation of the eastern part of the continent. Data collection will continue in the future and the PADAPT team welcomes researchers interested in contributing with data. The main task before an updated version of the database is to include species of the Pannonian region not covered by the current version. In conclusion, although data coverage is far from complete, PADAPT meets the longstanding need for a regional database of the Pannonian flora.

New stands of Leucanthemella serotina (L.) Tzvelev were found on the Hungarian side of the Drava Plain. This legally protected species has not been found in the region for about 150 years. In the text, we report the maximum plant height, and thousand seed weight of the species as well as the species composition of its preferred habitats.

2022. május 25-én a Vulpia bromoides (L.) S. F. Gray és a Luzula multiflora Kirsch. egy-egy erőteljes alföldi állománya került elő a Drávamenti-sík peremén, a Vajszló és Páprád közt található Bükkháti-erdő tömbjében, üde erdei tisztáson. A Drávamenti-sík flórájára új, együttélő fajok élőhelyi körülményeit egy cönológiai felvétel szemlélteti.

The research of European urban flora is still based on the study of Western and Central European settlements, while relatively few data are available from the southern and eastern parts of Europe. ...

In this paper we compiled data on 157 Hungarian adventive plant species – of which 65 had not been reported from the country previously – from 47 settlements of Transdanubia and the Great Hungarian Plain. These taxa are rare, interesting or not included in the most recent list of the Hungarian neophyte species. The list includes data about many rare, occasionally escaping species (e.g. Lagurus ovatus, Salvia coccinea), taxa considered incapable of reproduction under the recent climatic conditions of the Pannonian Basin (e.g. Cupressus sempervirens, Punica granatum) or naturalised plants that may become invasive in the future (e.g. Celtis sinensis, Lonicera japonica). In the outlook we highlighted some special urban habitats (e.g. private and botanical gardens) and practices (e.g. public green space management) that endanger the native flora. We also describe their role in promoting the appearance and the expansion of alien plant species, and processes (e.g. laurophyllisation, spread of thermophile species) that will become increasingly common in the future as a result of climate change.

Oak-hornbeam forests (order Carpinetalia) are a widespread vegetation type in central Europe. As vegetation ecologists focused on them since the pioneering times of vegetation research, many syntaxonomic units are described. However, classification systems used in various central European countries suffer from inconsistencies and overlaps of the concepts of particular associations. Currently there is no consistent syntaxonomic system based on numerical analysis of vegetation plots that would be valid for the whole of central Europe. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to provide a revised syntaxonomic system of oak-hornbeam forests across central Europe, develop formal definitions of the associations and include these definitions in a classification expert system. We recognized 13 associations, 9 from the alliance Carpinion betuli (central European oak-hornbeam forests) and 4 from the alliance Erythronio-Carpinion (Illyrian and northern Italian oak-hornbeam forests). We prepared an expert system that classified 55% of the releves in a central European oak-hornbeam forest dataset (n = 6212) at the association level. To stabilize the Carpinion betuli association names, we selected nomenclatural type releves for associations that have not been typified so far. In addition, two association names (Poo chaixii-Carpinetum and Pseudostellario-Carpinetum) were validated. Ordination revealed the main drivers of species diversity in these forests, including a complex gradient of soil moisture, nutrient availability and geographical position (mainly latitude). Among the climate variables, annual temperature amplitude and mean annual temperature were most closely correlated with species composition.

Aim The first comprehensive checklist of European phytosociological alliances, orders and classes (EuroVegChecklist) was published by Mucina et al. (2016, Applied Vegetation Science, 19 (Suppl. 1), 3-264). However, this checklist did not contain detailed information on the distribution of individual vegetation types. Here we provide the first maps of all alliances in Europe. Location Europe, Greenland, Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Cyprus and the Caucasus countries. Methods We collected data on the occurrence of phytosociological alliances in European countries and regions from literature and vegetation-plot databases. We interpreted and complemented these data using the expert knowledge of an international team of vegetation scientists and matched all the previously reported alliance names and concepts with those of the EuroVegChecklist. We then mapped the occurrence of the EuroVegChecklist alliances in 82 territorial units corresponding to countries, large islands, archipelagos and peninsulas. We subdivided the mainland parts of large or biogeographically heterogeneous countries based on the European biogeographical regions. Specialized alliances of coastal habitats were mapped only for the coastal section of each territorial unit. Results Distribution maps were prepared for 1,105 alliances of vascular-plant dominated vegetation reported in the EuroVegChecklist. For each territorial unit, three levels of occurrence probability were plotted on the maps: (a) verified occurrence; (b) uncertain occurrence; and (c) absence. The maps of individual alliances were complemented by summary maps of the number of alliances and the alliance-area relationship. Distribution data are also provided in a spreadsheet. Conclusions The new map series represents the first attempt to characterize the distribution of all vegetation types at the alliance level across Europe. There are still many knowledge gaps, partly due to a lack of data for some regions and partly due to uncertainties in the definition of some alliances. The maps presented here provide a basis for future research aimed at filling these gaps. This project was funded by the Czech Science Foundation (grant no. 19-28491X). LM was supported by Iluka Chair of Vegetation Science & Biogeography, Murdoch University, Perth; IB, JAC and JL by the Basque Government (IT936-16); TMH by the European Social Fund (POCH and NORTE 2020) and National Funds (MCTES) through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia postdoctoral fellowship (SFRH/BPD/115057/2016) and project UIDB/04033/2020; AC and FK by the Slovenian Research Agency (P1-0236 to AC and program for Young Researchers to FK); SR by the University of Latvia (AAp2016/B041/Zd2016/AZ03); and KS by the Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985939).

Lepidium oblongum, of American origin is a new member of the European adventive flora, only detected in Romania so far. The first Hungarian stand was discovered in 2018, and others in 2020. Based on our studies, we detail its morphological characteristics in comparison with other Lepidium species. We present a new drawing and a table to help identify the species. Lepidium oblongum is easily identifiable by its divided (lobed or lobed-dentated) upper stem leaves. By analyzing selected climatic parameters we show that the new European habitats are found in the drier and cooler summer subtype of the humid continental climate belt. In Hungary, it spreads directly along the railways. The establishment of individual populations can be influenced by the location of cargo unloading and the movement of railway workers. Lepidium oblongum occupies gravelly, sun-exposed habitats along Hungarian railway tracks such as loading platforms, guardhouses and goods stations. Based on its high stress and climatic tolerance and initial spread-rate, it is consider to be a naturalized member of the European adventive flora, that could be potentially invasive along the European railways.

Vulpia ciliata Dumort, a widespread species in the Mediterranean region, has been introduced in several European countries in recent decades, mainly along railways. The species was first discovered in Hungary at Szolnok railway station in May 2016, then a few days later at Keleti railway station in Budapest. In 2020 the species was found in several Transdanubian railway stations. Apparently, V. ciliata has recently been established in numerous parts of the country, probably spreading by railway transport. Until now, the species has only been found in the vicinity of regularly used tracks (in a distance of 20 m at the most). Being an invasive alien species, V. ciliata can displace the native Vulpia myuros in ruderal vegetation along railway lines. The species can easily be distinguished from V. myuros by its hairy lemma. Moreover, it flowers earlier than the other two indigenous species in Hungary, often already in late April. Based on the characteristics examined (number of nodes in the upper 2 cm zone of the rachis, number of fruits per spikelet, rate of fertile and sterile florets within the spikelet, lower and upper glume length, lemma and awn length separately, rachis width in the upper 2 cm zone) we have concluded that V. bromoides and V. myuros are less different from each other than V. ciliata from these two species. In the case of V. ciliata subsp. ciliata, we observed that spikelets (detached from the inflorescens) function as dispersal units. Therefore we assume that the observed low fertility rate within the spikelets, as well as the presence of marginal cilia on lemmas promote the spreading success of V. ciliata (spreading in clusters, anemochory, zoochory, anthropochory). Its early maturation (in May) can also facilitate its spread along railways, because the populations survive the chemical weed control usually carried out in late spring. The other two Hungarian species usually ripen later (in June). For the time being, the spread of V. ciliata outside the Hungarian railway network may be hindered by climatic conditions, or by the lack of seasonal weed control outside that network, which otherwise offers a relative survival advantage for V. ciliata along railway tracks.

Datos disponibles en https://github.com/fmsabatini/sPlotOpen_Code, EU H2020 project BACI, Grant No. 640176 (...), Sabatini, F.M., Lenoir, J., Hattab, T., Arnst, E.A., Chytrý, M., Dengler, J., De Ruffray, P., Hennekens, S.M., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Levesley, A., Pillar, V.D., Purschke, O., Sandel, B., Sultana, F., Aavik, T., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Agrillo, E., Alvarez, M., Apostolova, I., Arfin Khan, M.A.S., Arroyo, L., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Banerjee, A., Bauters, M., Bergeron, Y., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Bjorkman, A.D., Bonari, G., Bondareva, V., Brunet, J., Čarni, A., Casella, L., Cayuela, L., Černý, T., Chepinoga, V., Csiky, J., Ćušterevska, R., De Bie, E., de Gasper, A.L., De Sanctis, M., Dimopoulos, P., Dolezal, J., Dziuba, T., El-Sheikh, M.A.E.-R.M., Enquist, B., Ewald, J., Fazayeli, F., Field, R., Finckh, M., Gachet, S., Galán-de-Mera, A., Garbolino, E., Gholizadeh, H., Giorgis, M., Golub, V., Alsos, I.G., Grytnes, J.-A., Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Haider, S., Hatim, M.Z., Hérault, B., Hinojos Mendoza, G., Hölzel, N., Homeier, J., Hubau, W., Indreica, A., Janssen, J.A.M., Jedrzejek, B., Jentsch, A., Jürgens, N., Kącki, Z., Kapfer, J., Karger, D.N., Kavgacı, A., Kearsley, E., Kessler, M., Khanina, L., Killeen, T., Korolyuk, A., Kreft, H., Kühl, H.S., Kuzemko, A., Landucci, F., Lengyel, A., Lens, F., Lingner, D.V., Liu, H., Lysenko, T., Mahecha, M.D., Marcenò, C., Martynenko, V., Moeslund, J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Mucina, L., Müller, J.V., Munzinger, J., Naqinezhad, A., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onyshchenko, V., Overbeck, G.E., Pärtel, M., Pauchard, A., Peet, R.K., Peñuelas, J., Pérez-Haase, A., Peterka, T., Petřík, P., Peyre, G., Phillips, O.L., Prokhorov, V., Rašomavičius, V., Revermann, R., Rivas-Torres, G., Rodwell, J.S., Ruprecht, E., Rūsiņa, S., Samimi, C., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Shan, H., Shirokikh, P., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Sklenář, P., Škvorc, Ž., Sparrow, B., Sperandii, M.G., Stančić, Z., Svenning, J.-C., Tang, Z., Tang, C.Q., Tsiripidis, I., Vanselow, K.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Vassilev, K., Vélez-Martin, E., Venanzoni, R., Vibrans, A.C., Violle, C., Virtanen, R., von Wehrden, H., Wagner, V., Walker, D.A., Waller, D.M., Wang, H.-F., Wesche, K., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Willner, W., Wiser, S.K., Wohlgemuth, T., Yamalov, S., Zobel, M., Bruelheide, H.

Fritillaria meleagris is an endangered Eurasian species with declining populations in most of its distribution area. The signifi cance of the present study is to provide details for improving methods, how age-state structure can be identifi ed in a population. This could help finding the appropriate way of site-management where this species occurs. We investigated two F. meleagris populations in the western part of Hungary (Gyékényes, Tüskeszentpéter). We grouped the recorded plants into five age-state categories: dormant, juvenile, subadult, vegetative- and reproductive adult. We investigated diff erent plant traits such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and leaf length. The relative frequencies of leaf numbers differed signifi cantly between the two sites each year. Generally, the majority of the flowering plants had 5-6 leaves at both sites. Only plant height was positively related to plant reproductive success, but there were no clear trends in leaf width and leaf length. There are considerable diff erences in age-state ratios between our sampling sites. The proportion of reproductive plants was noticeably higher in both years in Tüskeszentpéter. Transition into dormant state was regular from all age groups at both sites.

Jelen közleményünk annak a sorozatnak a tizedik része, melynek célja a Magyarország edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlasza térképeinek kiegészítése, főként aktuális előfordulási adatokkal. A dolgozat 194 kvadrátban 686 edényes taxon elterjedési adatait pontosítja, amelyeket egy elektronikus appendixben listázunk részletesen. Egy kvadrát néhány pontszerű felmérésnek köszönhetően 100-nál is több fajjal egészült ki. Az országos kéktúra útvonal néhány szakaszának bejárása 10 flóratérképezési kvadrátban összesen 142 új faj kimutatását eredményezte. Ezek közül legérdekesebb-ként a bakonyi Carex strigosa előfordulásokat emelnénk ki. A korábbi és újonnan kimutatott előfordulási adataira támaszkodva megállapítható, hogy e védett sásfaj a Dunántúli-középhegységen belül DNy-i irányból ÉK-i irányba terjeszkedik. Ezek a megfigyelések felhívják a figyelmünket arra, hogy az olyan szinantróp élőhelyek, mint a nagyobb forgalmú turistautak tanulmányozása, komoly szerepet játszhat a flóra térbeli mintázatának KEF léptékű feltárásában. Másrészt, az így regisztrált adatok hozzájárulhatnak olyan “őshonos” növények eredetének és terjedésének jobb megismeréséhez is, mint az ún. illír-dacikus harapófogó fajai.

Aim: To disentangle the influence of environmental factors at different spatial grains (regional and local) on fern and lycophyte species richness and ask how regional and plot-level richness are related to each other. Location: Global. Time period: Present. Major Taxa studied: Ferns and lycophytes. Methods: We explored fern and lycophyte species richness at two spatial grains, regional (hexagonal grid cells of 7,666 km2) and plot level (300–500 m2), in relation to environmental data at regional and local grains (the 7,666 km2 hexagonal grid cells and 4 km2 square grid cells, respectively). For the regional grain, we obtained species richness data for 1,243 spatial units and used them together with climatic and topographical predictors to model global fern richness. For the plot-level grain, we collated a global dataset of nearly 83,000 vegetation plots with a surface area in the range 300–500 m2 in which all fern and lycophyte species had been counted. We used structural equation modelling to identify which regional and local factors have the biggest effect on plot-level fern and lycophyte species richness worldwide. We investigate how plot-level richness is related to modelled regional richness at the plot's location. Results: Plot-level fern and lycophyte species richness were best explained by models allowing a link between regional environment and plot-level richness. A link between regional richness and plot-level richness was essential, as models without it were rejected, while models without the regional environment-plot-level richness link were still valid but had a worse goodness-of-fit value. Plot-level richness showed a hump-shaped relationship with regional richness. Main conclusions: Regional environment and regional fern and lycophyte species richness each are important determinants of plot-level richness, and the inclusion of one does not substitute the inclusion of the other. Plot-level richness increases with regional richness until a saturation point is reached, after which plot-level richness decreases despite increasing regional richness, possibly reflecting species interactions.

Jelen közleményünk annak a sorozatnak a nyolcadik része, melynek célja a Magyaror­szág edényes növényfajainak elterjedési atlasza térképeinek kiegészítése, főként aktuális előfordulási adatokkal. A dolgozat 157 kvadrátban 539 edényes taxon elterjedési adatait pontosítja. Az érintett kvadrátok többsége a Dunántúlon található. Egy kvadrát a szisztematikus felméréseknek köszönhetően 190-nél is több fajjal egészült ki. Néhány aszfaltút célirányos átvizsgálásának köszönhetően a Puccinellia distans 68 kvadrátból került elő új fajként. Mindkét adat arra utal, hogy a hiányok miatt az adatpótló közleményekre továbbra is nagy szükség van. A felsorolt taxonok döntő része gyakori, sok­szor gyom jellegű elem, néhányuk azonban hazánkban szórványos vagy ritka (pl. Nigella arvensis, Vaccaria hispanica, Rumex pulcher, Urtica urens), olykor védett növény (pl. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Dryopteris affinis, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Huperzia selago). Néhány, olyan alkalmi kivaduló és meg­honosodóban lévő növényt is megemlítünk, amelyek nem szerepelnek a legutóbbi magyarországi új­jövevény növények listájában (pl. Acer cissifolium, Cyperus alternifolius, Gaillardia aristata, Galanthus elwesii). A kitekintésben felhívjuk a figyelmet néhány olyan magyarországi szinantróp élőhely flórafel­tártságának hiányára (pl. útszegélyek, kertek, virágágyások), melyek igen komoly szerepet játszhatnak a meghonosodó, majd özönfajjá váló gyomok terjedésében.

The aim of the planned thematic studies is to point out the main biases and/or errors of floristic surveys in Hungary. In this first article of the series we focus on those examples when native species were planted out of their original habitats and/or range by a non-professional naturalist. The sources of information are those letters that were posted by Ferenc Varga to the first author of this article in 2005. The circumstances of the transplantation of 10 phytogeographycally significant species of the investigated area and/or the Pannonicum (Adonis vernalis, Arum orientale, Asarum europaeum, Genista germanica, Phragmites australis, Pulsatilla grandis, P. nigricans, Salvia aethiopis, Viola alba, Xeranthemum annuum) are detailed in the text and summarised in a table. The correspondence between the first author and Ferenc Varga provides insight how the ambition of a non-professional naturalist can influence the flora of an area. Most of the species were removed from South and transplanted to North, almost 10 km away from their original stands. With the exception of Adonis vernalis and Genista germanica at least one transplantation of the species was successful. In the case of Salvia aethiopis, the naturalized populations came 1.25 km close to Slovakia, where this species is a very rare and endangered (EN) taxon.

Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. is the most widespread invasive moss species in Europe. Originating from the Southern Hemisphere, it is nowadays causing serious changes in coastal sand habitats of Western Europe and invading various anthropogenic habitats in Central Europe. In South-Eastern Europe, the species was initially found in Croatia in 2013, in the Dinaric region in the karst plain Vrhovinsko polje, on leached bare soil and pine bark remnants. In 2015, another stand of similar size was found in the peri-Pannonian region, on Mt Papuk, on a gneiss cliff in an acidophilous sessile oak forest. These two localities are on the South-Eastern frontline of the species' invasion within Europe. The oldest individuals were three to four years old, and sporophytes were not found. At the moment, it seems that the invasive moss is not a threat to native flora in the Dinaric region. Nevertheless, special attention should be given to the peri-Pannonian and Eastern Balkan regions, since its expansion could threaten the habitats of native moss and lichen species growing in similar acidic forests. Since the bryoflora of South-Eastern Europe is still largely undersampled, directed surveys and monitoring programs should be promptly established.

A single individual of Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. was found in a shady dolomite rocky grassland above the city of Pecs in the Mecsek Mts., on 1 June 2020. The habitat of this fern, which is new to the flora of the Mecsek Mts., is presented by a phytosociological releve.

In the company of a single individual of Asplenium trichomanes L., several individuals of Asplenium ruta-muraria (L.) Hoffm. and a single individual of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, 15 individuals of Asplenium ceterach L. (s.str.), and a single individual of Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth were found on a NW facing mortared sandstone wall of the copy of Eger Castle in the Pilis Mts. Asplenium ceterach s.str. is new to the flora of the Pilis Mts. The source population of this stand is probably located in the Buda Mts (Remete gorge) and this fern may have appeared on this wall 5–10 years ago at the latest.

Populations of Bouché’s star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum boucheanum (Kunth) Asch., fam. Hyacinthaceae) were recorded on Bansko Hill (Baranja, Croatia) in 2007. Since this species has not been previously confirmed in Croatia, it should be treated as a new taxon in the country and included in the Flora Croatica Database. In this paper we present a short morphological description of O. boucheanum and diagnostic morphological characters for differentiation from the related O. nutans L. We suggested O. boucheanum be evaluated as a critically endangered (CR) species of the Croatian flora, considering the small number of individuals and the small extension of its population. The recording of its populations on the edge of the loess cliff in Bansko Hill a part of which belongs to the Important Plant Area and Natura 2000, confirms the significance of this unique habitat in preserving rare and endangered plants.

Urbanization is one of the major causes of species loss and the homogenization of the world's flora. Our coarse-scale floristic mapping project of the largest south Transdanubian city, Pécs, is the first grid-based urban study in Hungary that reveals the current pattern of the vascular flora. Beyond the general description of the project, the species richness, the number of native, archaeophyte, neophyte and legally protected taxa are presented in the scale of the grid units (2.2 km2) and according to the residential area of the city. Relationships between the number and proportion of natives, archaeophytes, neophytes, protected species versus the proportion of built-up areas, forest coverage and elevation are estimated by linear regression models. Among the 1458 spontaneous or subspontaneous vascular plant species of the study area 131 are legally protected. The average number of species per grid unit is 338. Regression models show that the number of aliens decreases with forest coverage and increases with the rate of built-up areas, while number of natives shows opposite trends as a function of the same variables. These opposite trends lead to the conclusion that in the case of the vascular flora of Pécs the “poor get richer” theory is supported. Among the most frequent species hemicryptophytes, widespread, native and zoochorous plants are dominant. The most widespread four invasive taxa are native to North America.

Aim Biodiversity databases are valuable resources for understanding plant species distributions and dynamics, but they may insufficiently represent the actual geographic distribution and climatic niches of species. Here we propose and test a method to assess sampling coverage of species distribution in biodiversity databases in geographic and climatic space. Location Europe. Methods Using a test selection of 808,794 vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA), we assessed the sampling coverage of 564 European vascular plant species across both their geographic ranges and realized climatic niches. Range maps from the Chorological Database Halle (CDH) were used as background reference data to capture species geographic ranges and to derive species climatic niches. To quantify sampling coverage, we developed a box-counting method, the Dynamic Match Coefficient (DMC), which quantifies how much a set of occurrences of a given species matches with its geographic range or climatic niche. DMC is the area under the curve measuring the match between occurrence data and background reference (geographic range or climatic niche) across grids with variable resolution. High DMC values indicate good sampling coverage. We applied null models to compare observed DMC values with expectations from random distributions across species ranges and niches. Results Comparisons with null models showed that, for most species, actual distributions within EVA are deviating from null model expectations and are more clumped than expected in both geographic and climatic space. Despite high interspecific variation, we found a positive relationship in DMC values between geographic and climatic space, but sampling coverage was in general more random across geographic space. Conclusion Because DMC values are species-specific and most biodiversity databases are clearly biased in terms of sampling coverage of species occurrences, we recommend using DMC values as covariates in macroecological models that use species as the observation unit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Species distribution models (SDMs) are used to project how suitable ranges of species shift under a warming climate. Conservation management, however, commonly targets habitat types rather than individual species. Such habitat types are often defined by the co-occurrence of a set of characteristic species. Here, we develop a co-occurrence-based index (CRI); which measures how the representation of habitat types in a particular area may change in a future climate. The index is based on stacking projections of distribution models of characteristic species and accounts for changes both in potential range size of each species individually and in spatial range overlap among characteristic species, i.e. co-occurrence patterns. We illustrate the approach by modelling the changing representation of 68 habitat types in Austria under two different climate scenarios. We base index calculations on SDM projections under either the assumption of unrestricted mobility (‘full-dispersal’) or of complete immobility (‘no-dispersal’) of individual species. Moreover, we compare results to those achieved with a simpler occurrence-based index (OI); which only accounts for change in species’ range sizes. All three alternative index calculations suggest that most modelled habitat types will lose area (in particular mires, wetlands and siliceous alpine grasslands) and only a minority will profit from a warming climate (in particular forests of dry and warm sites). ‘Full-dispersal’ CRI and OI are closely, but not perfectly correlated. Importantly, for more than half of the habitat types, accounting for changing co-occurrence patterns amplifies projected losses. The ‘no-dispersal’ CRI (CRInd) delivers the most alarming projections, indicating considerable spatial turn-over of sites suitable to the habitat types. Taken together, our results suggest that modelling re-distribution of habitat types which are defined by species combinations needs to account for modifications of co-occurrence patterns. Moreover, conservation should acknowledge that novel combinations of species will likely emerge under a warming climate.

Andreaea rothii has been recorded for the first time in Croatia. It is a boreo-temperate suboceanic species (Hill et al., 2007) relatively rare in SE Europe, since it is known only from Romania (Ellis et al., 2014d), Slovenia and Serbia (Sabovljevic´ et al., 2008 ; Hodgetts, 2015). The species was found in the Papuk Mountains, situated in the mainly lowland area of NE Croatia. In this region Papuk is the largest and highest mountain range, with peaks between 800 and 900 m a.s.l. They are characterized by high geological diversity dominated by metamorphic rocks, such as different types of schists, as well as granites. The climate is temperate, moderately warm without an explicit dry period. About 60% of the almost totally forested area is covered by different communities of beech forests. The well-developed black patches of A. rothii cover an area ca 2 m× 0.5 m on a steep north-facing cliff on the edge of an acidothermophilic sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg.) forest. The specimens of A. rothii grew on the bare rock with the following bryophyte species: Cynodontium polycarpon (Hedw.) Schimp., Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp., Dicranum scoparium Hedw., Polytrichum piliferum Schreb. ex Hedw. and Rhabdoweisia (cf.) fugax (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. The population is very small with an extremely high risk of extinction, therefore we propose CR as Red List status for the taxon in Croatia. According to the last checklist of the moss flora of Croatia (Sabovljevic´, 2006), only Andreaea rupestris Hedw., collected from just one locality in 1927 (Horvat, 1932 and ZA), was reported for the genus. The locality is very interesting from the point of view of the vegetation of Croatia, because it is within 100 m of the second stand of Fagus sylvatica L.-Sphagnum quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. forest (Alegro et al., 2015). The second occurrence of Dicranum spurium Hedw. (Ellis et al., 2014d) and Rhabdoweisia fugax (Papp et al., 2013) in Croatia are also found here. Another interesting moss is S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., that forms small red patches within the thick carpets of S. quinquefarium under the open oulder scree forest in the neighbourhood.

Field studies in Hungary during the last six years have led to the discovery of 82 localities and 2145 sporophytes of Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl., i.e. 41 times more localities and 143 times more sporophytes than reported in the previous census carried out up to 2014. The recent occurrences of the species known at that time (two localities with four stands and 15 sporophytes) were found exclusively on decaying wood in old growth forests. However, in the light of 20th century herbarium data from Hungary and new observations in Central Europe, our survey was extended to include the soil of acidophytic, young and middle-aged, managed and disturbed forests, and the new populations were mainly found in these types of habitats, almost exclusively on acidic soil. Details of population size, habitat and substrate preference, and environmental conditions at the newly found stands are reported in this paper. If these unusual preferences (i.e. acidic soil in managed, acidophytic beech forests) are not confined to Hungary, the total population size of this Natura 2000 species listed in annex II of the Habitat Directive might be severely underestimated in Europe.

WOS: 000441652000006, …, Natural History Museum, London; Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy [RO1567-IBB03/2018]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [16-04-01156]; Russian Federation [AAAA-A16-116021660039-1]; Russian Science Foundation [14-50-00029]; Kornyezetiparhoz kapcsolodo innovativ transz- es interdiszciplinaris kutatoi team fejlesztese a PTE tudomanyos bazisan (Hungary) [TAMOP 4.2.2.D-15/1/KONV-2015-0015]; Public institution Nature Park Papuk (Croatia); New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities (Hungary) [UNKP-16-2]; Parc Natural Cadi-Moixero; Universiti Malaysia Sabah [GUG0064-STWN-2/2016]; University Grants Commission, New Delhi; French state funds [ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02]; W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences; EU structural funding from the Operational Programme Research and Development for Innovation [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/19.0388]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the "National Feasibility Program I" [LO1208]; SYNTHESYS [DK-TAF-6031, GB-TAF-6565]; city Council of Covilha in Portugal; FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia Portugal) [PTDC/AGR-FOR/3427/2014]; [00221-2017-0048]; [RSF18-14-00121], L. T. Ellis acknowledges support by the Natural History Museum, London. S. Stefanut acknowledges the support from project no. RO1567-IBB03/2018 through the Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy. The contribution by O. M. Afonina and J. Kucera has been financially supported by grant from Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 16-04-01156). The study by E. A. Ignatova, A. I. Maksimov and T. A. Maksimova was carried out within the framework of the institutional research project 00221-2017-0048 and Russian Federation research project AAAA-A16-116021660039-1, and the work by E. A. Ignatova and A. P. Seregin was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant # 14-50-00029). J. Deme and J. Csiky thank Peter Erzberger for the identification and Halina Bednarek-Ochyra for confirmation of Bucklandiella affinis. The research was supported by: 'TAMOP 4.2.2.D-15/1/KONV-2015-0015 Kornyezetiparhoz kapcsolodo innovativ transz- es interdiszciplinaris kutatoi team fejlesztese a PTE tudomanyos bazisan' (Hungary), Public institution Nature Park Papuk (Croatia) and UNKP-16-2 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities (Hungary).; E. Ruiz, P. Aymerich, L. Saez and M. Brugues thank Dr Lars Hedenas for confirming the specimen of Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides collected in Serra del Cadi and also acknowledge the financial support from Parc Natural Cadi-Moixero. E. Yucel and T. Ezer give special thanks to Dr. Vladimir E. Fedosov, who confirmed the Turkish specimen as Encalypta affinis. A. Irmah and M. Suleiman are grateful for the research permit from Maliau Basin Management Committee, field support from Yayasan Sabah and funding from Universiti Malaysia Sabah GUG0064-STWN-2/2016. G. Asthana and R. Bharti are grateful to the Head, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow for providing facilities. University Grants Commission, New Delhi is greatly acknowledged for is financial assistance. N. Schnyder thanks colleagues Markus Meier and Thomas Kiebacher for their help with the determination of material. David Long wishes to thank Philip Sollman for confirmation of identifications, and the many colleagues, institutions and funding bodies who have supported Sino-Himalayan field work from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh over several decades. Y.-J. Yoon, S. J. Park and B.-Y. Sun would like to express their deepest gratitude to late Dr. Benito C Tan for correcting the English text and making valuable suggestions.; The contribution by C. Reeb and R. Andriamiarisoa was made under LAbex BCDIV RICCIA, supported by French state funds managed by ANR within the Investissements d'Avenir program (reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02). Thanks to Des Callaghan for help and collections made on the field visit to Madagascar, to Robbert Gradstein for help with neotropical distribution and J. C. Villarreal for comments. This is the first contribution for the project BRYOMAD, a collaborative effort to enhance knowledge on Malagasy bryophytes (http://www.tropicos.org/projectwebportal.aspx?pagename=Bryophytes&projectid=17).; The contributions by R. Ochyra have been financially supported through the statutory fund of the W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences. He is also grateful to the curators and keepers at AAS, AD, B, CAS, DUKE, H, JE, MO, UBC and UC for the loan of herbarium material. The field work of R. Ochyra and Marc Leboubier on Iles Crozet was organised within the programme 136 ECOBIO of the French Polar Institute (IPEV). The notes contributed by V. Plasek and Z. Skoupa was work financially supported by EU structural funding from the Operational Programme Research and Development for Innovation, project No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/19.0388 and by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the "National Feasibility Program I", project LO1208 "TEWEP" and SYNTHESYS projects DK-TAF-6031 and GB-TAF-6565. C. A. Garcia, C. Sergio, A. Martins, A. S. B. Rodrigues and M. Sim-Sim thank Elena Ruiz the curator of the BCB herbarium for the loan of material, the city Council of Covilha in Portugal for the financing of the work, and to the FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia Portugal), project number: PTDC/AGR-FOR/3427/2014, FCT/MEC (PIDDAC). The work of V. Fedosov was supported by RSF18-14-00121.

Aim: Formalized classifications synthesizing vegetation data at the continental scale are being attempted only now, although they are of key importance for nature conservation planning. Therefore, we aim to provide a vegetation classification and to describe the main biogeographical patterns of floodplain forests and alder carrs in Europe. Location: Europe. Methods: A database of more than 40 000 vegetation plots of floodplain forests and alder carrs across Europe was compiled. After geographic stratification, 16 392 plots were available for classification, which was performed using the supervised method Cocktail. We also searched for new associations using semi-supervised K-means classification. The main biogeographic patterns and climate-related gradients in species composition were determined using detrended correspondence analysis and cluster analysis. Results: Thirty associations of floodplain forests and alder carrs were distinguished, which belong to five alliances. The Alnion incanae includes riparian, seepage and hardwood floodplain forests in the nemoral and hemiboreal zones (dominated by Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior) and in the boreal zone (dominated by A. incana). The Osmundo-Alnion represents oceanic vegetation dominated by Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus angustifolia and F. excelsior distributed mostly on the Iberian Peninsula and composed of species with Atlantic distribution and Iberian endemics. The Populion albae comprises floodplain forests frequently dominated by Fraxinus angustifolia, Populus alba and P. nigra that are widespread in floodplains of large rivers under summer-dry climates in the Mediterranean region. The Platanion orientalis represents eastern Mediterranean floodplain forests dominated by Platanus orientalis. The Alnion glutinosae includes forest swamps dominated by Alnus glutinosa distributed mostly in the nemoral and hemiboreal zones. The main biogeographic patterns within European floodplain forests and alder carrs reflect the climatic contrasts between the Mediterranean, nemoral, boreal and mountain regions. Oceanic floodplain forests differ from those in the rest of Europe. The hydrological regime appears to be the most important factor influencing species composition within regions. Conclusions: This study is the first applying a formalized classification at the association level for a broad vegetation type at the continental scale. The proposed classification provides the scientific basis for the necessary improvement of the habitat classification systems used in European nature conservation.

Egy mohaflorisztikai felmérés során, 2014-ben a Campylopus flexuosus új állományai kerültek elő a Nyugat-Mecsek humid, mészkerülő tölgyeseiben és bükköseiben. Az ország flórájára új fajt a Bakonyban elsőként Peter Erzberger és Németh Csaba mutatta ki 2013-ban. Az új, mecseki populációk feltárása során megbecsültük a C. flexuosus telepek kiterjedését, borítását, illetve listáztuk az állományokon belül előforduló moha és edényes növényfajokat. Munkánk során revideáltuk az MTM Növénytár (BP) Mohagyűjteményének D. flagellare anyagát. Ennek kapcsán bemutatjuk és ábrázoljuk a fajhoz makroszkopikusan igen hasonló Dicranum flagellare differenciális bélyegeit. Adataink alapján feltételezhető, hogy a C. flexuosus a mecseki humid, mészkerülő erdők egy új, terjedőben lévő mohafaja.

Jelen kozlemenyunk annak a sorozatnak a tizedik resze, melynek celja a Magyarorszag edenyes novenyfajainak elterjedesi atlasza terkepeinek kiegeszitese, főkent aktualis előfordulasi adatokkal. A dolgozat 194 kvadratban 686 edenyes taxon elterjedesi adatait pontositja, amelyeket egy elektronikus appendixben listazunk reszletesen. Egy kvadrat nehany pontszerű felmeresnek koszonhetően 100-nal is tobb fajjal egeszult ki. Az orszagos kektura utvonal nehany szakaszanak bejarasa 10 floraterkepezesi kvadratban osszesen 142 uj faj kimutatasat eredmenyezte. Ezek kozul legerdekesebbkent a bakonyi Carex strigosa előfordulasokat emelnenk ki. A korabbi es ujonnan kimutatott előfordulasi adataira tamaszkodva megallapithato, hogy e vedett sasfaj a Dunantuli-kozephegysegen belul DNy-i iranybol EK-i iranyba terjeszkedik. Ezek a megfigyelesek felhivjak a figyelmunket arra, hogy az olyan szinantrop előhelyek, mint a nagyobb forgalmu turistautak tanulmanyozasa, komoly szerepet jatszhat a flora terbeli mintazatanak KEF leptekű feltarasaban. Masreszt, az igy regisztralt adatok hozzajarulhatnak olyan “őshonos” novenyek eredetenek es terjedesenek jobb megismeresehez is, mint az un. illirdacikus harapofogo fajai.

QuestionsWhat are the main floristic patterns in European beech forests? Which classification at the alliance and suballiance level is the most convincing?LocationEurope and Asia Minor.MethodsWe applied a TWINSPAN classification to a data set of 24605 releves covering the whole range of Fagus sylvatica forests and the western part of Fagus orientalis forests. We identified 24 operational phytosociological units' (OPUs), which were used for further analysis. The position of each OPU along the soil pH and temperature gradient was evaluated using Ellenberg Indicator Values. Fidelity of species to OPUs was calculated using the phi coefficient and constancy ratio. We compared alternative alliance concepts, corresponding to groups of OPUs, in terms of number and frequency of diagnostic species. We also established formal definitions for the various alliance concepts based on comparison of the total cover of the diagnostic species groups, and evaluated alternative geographical subdivisions of beech forests.ResultsThe first and second division levels of TWINSPAN followed the temperature and soil pH gradients, while lower divisions were mainly geographical. We grouped the 22 OPUs of Fagus sylvatica forests into acidophytic, meso-basiphytic and thermo-basiphytic beech forests, and separated two OPUs of F.orientalis forests. However, a solution with only two ecologically defined alliances of F.sylvatica forests (acidophytic vs basiphytic) was clearly superior with regard to number and frequency of diagnostic species. In contrast, when comparing groupings with three to six geographical alliances of basiphytic beech forests, respectively, we did not find a strongly superior solution.ConclusionsWe propose to classify F.sylvatica forests into 15 suballiances - three acidophytic and 12 basiphytic ones. Separating these two groups at alliance or order level was clearly supported by our results. Concerning the grouping of the 12 basiphytic suballiances into ecological or geographical alliances, as advocated by many authors, we failed to find an optimal solution. Therefore, we propose a multi-dimensional classification of basiphytic beech forests, including both ecological and geographical groups as equally valid concepts which may be used alternatively depending on the purpose and context of the classification.

Summary This study assessed the cultural and weed management factors influencing the weed communities of Hungarian rice fields. Hungary is situated at the northern limit of rice production with a history of about 300 years of rice culture. We surveyed the weed flora and 25 background variables in 100 active rice fields. Using a minimal adequate model containing 11 terms, 48.5% of the total variation in weed species data could be explained. The net effects of nine variables on species composition were significant. Crop cover was found to be the most important explanatory variable, which was followed by the herbicides penoxsulam and azimsulfuron, tillage depth, phosphorous and potassium fertilisers, years after last rotation, water depth in May, sowing type, pendimethalin and water conductivity. Filamentous algae, as the most abundant group of weeds, were positively associated with deep tillage, deep water and surface sowing. Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the most troublesome grass weeds, was associated with low rice cover, shallow water and later years after crop rotation, while weedy rice favoured high crop cover, deep water and soil sowing. These findings can be used to design improved weed management strategies. The occurrence of red list species and charophytes in diverse micro-mosaic patterns deserves attention from a conservation perspective, as well. The maintenance of these unique charophyte communities can be facilitated by shallow tillage without soil inversion.

In 2011, a new population of the stonewort Nitella hyalina was found on the island of Pag, in a pond between Novalja and Lun, near the cove of Dubac. At the littoral, unshielded zone of this unnamed, small shallow lake Nitella hyalina forms large monodominant patches or grows together with Potamogeton trichoides Cham. et Schl. and P. nodosus Poir. We identified these stands as the species? poor association of Nitelletum hyalinae Corillion 1957, a new vegetation type of Croatia. Nitella hyalina is sparse in Europe and rather rare on the Balkan Peninsula. It was previously detected only in two places in Croatia. Considering its severely fragmented distribution and the fact that at present it is known to exist at only three locations, Nitella hyalina should be treated as an endangered (EN) taxon among the Charophytes of Croatia.

Limestone (karst) surfaces in Hungary are rich in dolines, in which many endangered vascular plant species occur. To date, the majority of studies dealing with doline vegetation have focused on the local rather than the landscape level, without using comparative data from other areas. However, in this study we aimed to compare the vegetation pattern and species composition of dolines under different climate regimes of Hungary with regard to regional species pools. The fieldwork was carried out between 2005 and 2012. Twenty dolines were selected in the Mecsek Mountains (southern Hungary) and nine dolines in the Aggtelek Karst area (northern Hungary). More than 900 vascular plants and more than 2000 plots were included in the study. The moving split window (MSW) technique, nestedness analysis and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) were used to reveal the vegetation patterns in dolines. Although we found remarkable differences between the species composition of the two regions, dolines of both regions play a similar role in the preservation of different groups of species. Many plants, in particular mountain species, are restricted to the bottom of dolines where appropriate environmental conditions exist. In addition, depending on the doline geometry, many species of drier and warmer forests have colonized the upper slopes and rims. Thus, we can conclude that karst dolines of Hungary can be considered as reservoirs for many vascular plant species, therefore they are particularly important from a conservation point of view. Moreover, these dolines will likely become increasingly indispensable refugia for biodiversity under future global warming. Aggtelek Karst area; global warming; Mecsek Mountains; relict species; transects