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As Jennifer Bowen's career progressed from music cataloging to administration, her personal involvement in and responses to a great number of the major issues and challenges is covered. These inclu...

The paper discusses the efforts of the PCC Task Group on Identity Management in NACO to explore and advance identity management activities. The Task Group’s work serves as a recent example of how t...

To compare short-term outcomes of very low birthweight (VBLW

The career path and significant professional accomplishments of librarian Valerie Bross (1954–2016) are described in this article. The awards and recognition she received are recounted and the influence of outside activities on her career is assessed. An attempt is made to capture what she was like as a professional, as well as what her unique characteristics were. A bibliography of her writings and a photograph are included.

Background Extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW) (⩽1000 g) at our tertiary hospital have a much higher HIV exposure rate than bigger babies and are mainly delivered due to complications of pre-eclampsia. Studies investigating the effect of HIV or antiretroviral therapy on pre-eclampsia, a partially immune-mediated disease have produced contradictory results. Objective To determine if there was an association between pre-eclampsia and HIV and/or antiretrovirals in the mothers of ELBW infants. Study design A prospective database was maintained for all ELBW infants born from August 2011 till January 2013. Data included maternal information such as HIV status, antiretroviral medication (duration and type) and mode and indication for delivery. Results Of the 195 mothers who delivered ELBW infants, 46 (24%) were HIV positive. This is significantly different to the 17% HIV prevalence in mothers with bigger children (p = 0.02). The main indication (59%) for delivery of the infant was hypertension related with the majority of these (94%) being classified as pre-eclampsia. Although HIV on its own showed no association (p = 0.13), mothers who received greater than 4 weeks of antiretrovirals were more likely to develop severe pre-eclampsia (p = 0.007). Conclusion The debate about ARVs and PET is not yet over. We postulate that in a small group of susceptible women, ARVs may trigger early severe PET. It is unclear from our study if this would be due on a toxic or immune basis.

How a traditional cataloging unit should systematically go about attaining significant involvement in the bibliographic control of digital resources is one of the prime challenges currently facing cataloging managers. The author reviews why a cataloging unit should want to take on this new role, what the benefits are, the various types of involvement, how to prepare, the less obvious but important aspects of training, and the nature of organizational and workflow changes needed to free up time and resources for the new work. The author presents personal experiences from two different institutions as a case study.

Experimentation with and development of standards for electronic monographs cataloging began later than similar effort for serials. Best practices are consequently less well-established. The context in which catalogers currently work is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the single-record and the separate-record techniques for cataloging e-monographs are examined. The implications for cooperative cataloging programs are explored, from both the record creator's and the record receiver's perspectives. Possible means of generating separate records for electronic monographs from the print record are described. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service

The effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the mechanical and physical characteristics of eight high-barrier multilayer films were investigated. These films were PET/SiOx/LDPE, PET/Al2O3/LDPE, PET/PVDC/nylon/HDPE/PP, PE/nylon/EVOH/PE, PE/nylon/PE, metallised PET/EVA/LLDPE, PP/nylon/PP and PET/PVDC/EVA. In addition, PP was evaluated as a monolayer film for comparison purposes. Pouches made from these films were filled with distilled water, sealed, then pressure processed at 600 and 800 MPa for 5, 10 and 20 min at a process temperature of 45 °C. Pouches kept at atmospheric pressure were used as controls. Prior to and after HPP, all films were tested for tensile strength, percentage elongation and modulus of elasticity (at 50 cm min−1) and imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy (C-SAM). Results showed no significant changes in tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity of all films after HPP. However, significant physical damage to metallised PET (MET-PET) was identified by SEM and C-SAM. Thus it could be concluded that MET-PET is not suitable for batch-type high-pressure-processed food packaging. It can also be concluded that the other materials investigated during this study are suitable for batch-type high-pressure-processed food packaging. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry

This study investigated the effectiveness of ultrasonic imaging for non-destructive assessment of seal strength in 335 ml polymeric trays. In the first part of this study, the experimental procedures involved filling sample trays with beef enchilada, then sealing at temperatures of 170–260°C for 5 s at 3 bar. Ultrasonic measurements were conducted using an immersion technique in pulse/echo mode. The captured signal amplitudes of the reflections from the samples were digitized and analysed to construct high-resolution C-scan ultrasonic images of the seals. The acquired data were statistically analysed for each sample and used as a basis for comparison with the seal (peel) strength, measured as the energy at break. The energy at break was obtained from destructive peel strength analysis, performed using a tensile testing frame. In the second part of this study, ultrasonic imaging was used to predict the performance of the heat sealer used to fabricate the test trays by comparing the seal quality of each of the four quadrants of the samples trays. This study also investigated the minimum channel leak size that could be detected using this ultrasound system. The results of the peel strength analyses showed that a direct correlation exists between seal strength and sealing temperature (170–227°C). Results of the ultrasonic imaging showed that the statistical scatter in the signal amplitude decreased as the sealing temperature increased. This reduction in the scatter of the signal amplitudes indicated a trend of increasing uniformity in the fusion of the two seal faces. Between 170°C and 193°C, sharp changes in the scatter were observed; however, little change was noted for sealing temperatures greater than 193°C, indicating that 204°C could be a minimum recommended sealing temperature. To confirm this result, a drop test analysis was performed on trays filled with beef enchilada and sealed at temperatures of 170–260°C for 5 s at 3 bar. Results of this drop test confirmed that 204°C was the minimum critical sealing temperature. Based on these results, ultrasonic imaging appeared to offer a promising non-destructive method for the prediction of seal quality in polymeric trays, sealing equipment monitoring and identification of channel leaks ⩾20 µm in diameter, and is comparable with the more established destructive peel strength analytical method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

One of the most complex challenges facing cataloging departments today is how to provide title-level access to electronic journals in aggregator databases. The speakers in this workshop reported on two initiatives directed towards experimenting with automated procedures for creating and adding bibliographic records to the catalog. John Riemer reported on the work of the first CONSER Task Group on Journals in Aggregator Databases. Jina Wakimoto described her library's use of records provided by EBSCO for the titles in Academic Search Elite.

The author examines the common purposes of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) and the Cooperative Online Resource Catalog (CORC) and offers opinions on the potential relationship and interaction that could exist between them. The future of cooperative cataloging and potential improvements to efficiency are explored. Reflections on the differing natures of the MARC and Dublin Core standards and the interrelationship between them are offered. Finally, CORC-inspired ideas are presented on the leadership role the PCC can offer in the areas of standards, automation, and training.

The author presents the results of the December 1998 CONSER “Survey on Providing Access to Serial Titles within Aggregator Databases.” Major findings include 71% of respondents desiring to see full-text serial titles incorporated into the online catalog and nearly 75% interested in acquiring record sets. Also included are an analysis of the numerous survey comments received, strategies toward creating the necessary records and integrating them into OPACs, examples of aggregator analytic records, and other background information on the work of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging's Task Group on Journals in Aggregator Databases.1

In this paper, we describe the development of an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter subsystem, based on a monolithic A/D converter chip, a demultiplexer chip, and a laminate multichip module, for an experimental all-digital receiver for an airborne radar. The evolution of techniques for recording and analyzing all the data from the assembled multichip module at the full sample rate of the A/D converter, and the ways in which this test data can be used to analyze the performance of A/D converters, are described. The problems which arise in the testing of GHz A/D converters, a number of which are unique to A/D conversion at such high sample rates, are pointed out. Finally, comments on future directions in the test of high performance A/D converters are presented.

A whirlwind of reports, product announcements, and spirited discussions swept over the library landscape in 2006. Lorcan Dempsey's blog announced the posting of the University of California Bibliographic Services Task Force (BSTF) report and the debut of the new Endeca-based online catalog at North Carolina State University, which exemplified many of the BSTF recommendations. (1) The Library of Congress-commissioned Karen Calhoun report followed a couple of months later. (2) The Library of Congress (LC) described a priority shift to "access to content rather than access to description." (3) LC's discontinuation of series authority work was the first change in bibliographic control along these lines. (4) At least one ILS (integrated library system) vendor announced development of a new product in response to many of the shortcomings of the existing systems. Among other benefits, Ex Libris's Primo is expected to permit unified searches of material traditionally siloed in separate databases and enable users to access library materials from within course-management systems and institutional portals. (5) Much in these reports and developments was both exciting and disturbing to library staff. In the words of one colleague reading BSTF's interim report, "I must say it really shook up my world when I read it. Not that there were any surprises--it was very much mom-and-apple-pie stuff that has been said before but somehow you voiced it in a more compelling and urgent way." (6) What Users Want These events and the subsequent discussion stemmed from an earnest look at a question reminiscent of Freud, "What do users want?" The following assertions have been made on behalf of users. * Users want simplicity and immediacy. Users are accustomed to a single search box on an entry screen, without an obligation to categorize search keywords. * Users want the search interface to be intuitive; this does not mean they want the response to their searches to be simple-minded. On the contrary, as Kautzman and Ryan have noted, "An intuitive interface is not by definition 'dumbed down' or anti-scholarly." (7) * Users benefit from prevention of dead-end searches, provision of enhancements like tables of contents and cover art, and navigation assistance that groups results and enables jumps to "more like this." * Users want one system to search, to cover a wide information universe. They frequently do not know about the separate silos that exist and what is in each; even when they do, having to search them one at a time is unwelcome. * They expect immediate access to full-text online resources wherever possible. For other materials, they want a full range of fulfillment options, not restricted to those services the library controls. * They appreciate the opportunities to annotate, review, and "tag" resources, as well as share them with others. Users like results sorted by relevance, a key component of which is how others like themselves have used the resources. * Instead of having to come to the library, physically or virtually, they would appreciate the above services being delivered to where they are--be it an institutional portal, course-management system, commercial search engine, and other mechanism. Choices in How We View Metadata Libraries determined to reform their operations and modernize themselves in response to these demands and expectations have a couple of choices of how to regard metadata. One view sees library metadata as overkill in light of what users of commercial search engines can be satisfied with. Any search functionality or data element not enjoying significant usage is a prime candidate for elimination. The granularity of library metadata probably is responsible for presenting too many searching choices on online catalog screens. With the arrival of e-resources in library workloads, the current methods of resource description appear less and less scalable. …

The interdisciplinary guidelines at the S3 level on the diagnosis of and therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitute an evidence- and consensus-based instrument that is aimed at improving the diagnosis of and therapy for HCC since these are very challenging tasks. The purpose of the guidelines is to offer the patient (with suspected or confirmed HCC) adequate, scientifically based and up-to-date procedures in diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation. This holds not only for locally limited or focally advanced disease but also for the existence of recurrences or distant metastases. Besides making a contribution to an appropriate health-care service, the guidelines should also provide the foundation for an individually adapted, high-quality therapy. The explanatory background texts should also enable non-specialist but responsible colleagues to give sound advice to their patients concerning specialist procedures, side effects and results. In the medium and long-term this should reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients with HCC and improve their quality of life.

Die interdisziplinare Leitlinie der Qualitat S3 zur Diagnose und Therapie des hepatozellularen Karzinoms (HCC) ist ein evidenz- und konsensbasiertes Instrument, um die Diagnostik und Therapie des HCC zu verbessern, da die Diagnostik und Therapie des HCC ein auserst diffiziles Vorgehen erfordert. Es ist die Aufgabe der Leitlinie, dem Patienten (mit Verdacht auf HCC oder nachgewiesenem HCC) angemessene, wissenschaftlich begrundete und aktuelle Verfahren in der Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation anzubieten. Dies gilt sowohl fur die lokal begrenzte oder lokal fortgeschrittene Erkrankung als auch bei Vorliegen eines Rezidivs oder von Fernmetastasen. Die Leitlinie soll neben dem Beitrag fur eine angemessene Gesundheitsversorgung auch die Basis fur eine individuell zugeschnittene, qualitativ hochwertige Therapie bieten. Mit den erklarenden Hintergrundtexten ist es auch nicht spezialisierten, mitbehandelnden Kollegen moglich, den Patienten uber das Vorgehen der Spezialisten, Nebenwirkungen und Ergebnisse gut zu beraten. Mittel- und langfristig sollen so die Morbiditat und Mortalitat von Patienten mit HCC gesenkt und die Lebensqualitat erhoht werden.

The authors trace the history and development of the name authority and subject work compnents of the National Coordinated Cataloging Operations (NACO) and characterize the growth of its membership and activity scope, file breadth and size, quality and quantity standards, and governance. Summary statistical tables and lists of all participating libraries with their authority record (National Union Catalog) symbols accompany the text. Also included are reflections on the benefits of participation and speculation on future directions cooperative authority work could take.

Future production of qualified first-time catalogers depends on the amount of cooperation between educator/practitioner. Collectively, both educator and practitioner must find common ground in education and preparation for the library student to be fully competent as a cataloger. The proposition of implementing laboratories, curriculum improvement for catalogers, and creation of internships gives the library student a mixture of theory and application, assuring proficiency as a first-time cataloger.

After a consideration of the value of the subject analysis fields in serial bibliographic records, this article reports on the work of a recent CONSER task force on serial subject analysis. It presents findings of a detailed survey of the current subject analysis practices of all the Full Participants in the program, the policy issues the Task Force identified, and the recommendations it formulated. The group also anticipated what the resultant supporting documentation would look like in the CONSER Editing Guide

Um operative Eingriffe ohne Schmerzempfindung und Abwehrreaktion durchfuhren zu kunnen, werden in der Anasthesie hochspezifische Substanzen benutzt, die ganz bestimmte Funktionen des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) reversibel lahmen: Lokalanasthetika verhindern die Fortleitung von Aktionspotentialen im peripheren Nerven, Muskelrelaxan-zien die Impulsubertragung von den motorischen Nervenendigungen auf die muskularen Effektoren, und Allgemeinanasthetika schalten durch einen Angriff auf zentrale Neuronenverbande das Bewustsein aus. Will der Anasthesist daher die Wirkungsweise der von ihm haufig verwendeten Pharmaka verstehen, sollte er einige grundlegende Kenntnisse uber die normale Funktion des ZNS besitzen. Daher werden in diesem Kapitel die physiologischen Grundlagen fur die normale Impulsfortleitung im peripheren Nerven und fur die Erregungsubertragung von Zelle zu Zelle, insbesondere an der neuromuskularen Schaltstelle, beschrieben. Schlieslich werden die Narkosetheorien dargestellt, die die hypothetischen Vorstellungen uber einheitliche physikochemische Wirkungen von Allgemeinanasthetika an zentralen Neuronen bundeln.

The arterial distensibility and the modulus of volume elasticity of more than 100 isolated human carotid arteries was measured and correlated with arteriosclerosis and aging. The loss of arterial distensibility progresses steadily with aging. Arteries with severe arteriosclerosis and arteries with minimal arteriosclerosis show almost similar distensibility. On the other side the differences between distensibility of arteries with moderate arteriosclerosis and arteries with minimal as well as severe arteriosclerosis, especially in the younger and middle ages, are significant.

Der erwachsene Mensch besteht zu 45-60% seines Korpergewichtes aus Wasser. Die Intrazellularflussigkeit umfast etwa 40% des Korpergewichtes, die Extrazellularflussigkeit etwa 20%. Der Extrazellularraum ist aufgeteilt in den interstitiellen Raum mit 15 % Anteil am Korpergewicht sowie in den intravaskularen Raum, das sog. Plasmavolumen, mit etwa 5 % Anteil am Korpergewicht.

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for predicting the extent of deterioration in dehydrated foods. The specific deterioration process studied was the loss of vitamin C in dehydrated tomato juice, as affected by environmental changes of temperature, water activity, and oxygen. Degradation of ascorbic acid (AA) was found to follow first-order reaction kinetics. The effects of temperature on the reaction rate could be described by the Arrhenius equation. Water activity had a strong effect on the reaction rate constant and on the activation energy. The effects of oxygen in this system were negligible. The rates of dehydroascorbic acid deterioration were similar to those of AA. Mathematical modeling of the retention of AA as a function of time, temperature and water activity was developed using theoretical, empirical and statistical considerations. This model was combined with equations describing the transport of water to the food, utilizing experimentally obtained mass transport parameters for the packages, and sorption characteristics of the food. By solving these equations numerically with the aid of a computer, AA retention was simulated for various conditions. Retention was also experimentally determined by storage tests. There was reasonable agreement between experimentally observed losses of AA and those predicted by the computer simulation program.