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The purpose of this study was to compare long-term neurocognitive functioning (working memory, processing speed, and attention) between children who had been treated with either propranolol or atenolol for infantile hemangioma during infancy. All eligible children (n = 158) aged 6 years or older and treated with propranolol or atenolol as infants were invited to participate in this two-center cross-sectional study. The primary outcome was the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI), a measure of working memory, processing speed, and attention. Secondary outcomes were general intelligence, auditory, visuospatial, and narrative memory, as well as executive functioning and sleep. A total of 105 children, of whom 36 had been treated with propranolol (age 6.0-11.8 years, follow-up time 1.6-9.7 years, 19% male) and 69 had been treated with atenolol (age 6.9-9.7 years, follow-up time 4.5-8.4 years, 19% male), were analyzed. The CPI and other neurocognitive outcomes did not differ between the propranolol and atenolol groups and were in line with general population test norms. Post hoc analyses revealed lower CPI scores for males, both compared to participating females (10.3 IQ points, medium effect size) and compared to matched test norms (12.4 IQ points, medium effect size). Long-term neurocognitive functioning did not differ between children treated with propranolol and those treated with atenolol for IH. Overall, propranolol and atenolol appear to be safe treatments for IH regarding long-term neurocognitive functioning. The substantially lower CPI scores in males warrant further investigation. Netherlands Trial Register, NL7703 https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7703 What is Known: • Infants with infantile hemangioma are effectively treated with propranolol or atenolol. • Parents and professionals are concerned about long-term neurocognitive effects.• No long-term (≥ 6 years) differences in neurocognitive functioning were found between children treated with propranolol or atenolol. • Males treated with beta-blockers had substantially lower IQ scores than treated females and males from the general population, which is a matter of concern and should be considered when evaluating the risk/benefit ratio in less severe forms of infantile hemangioma.

Background: Studies concerning pediatric lichen sclerosus are limited, and, to date, there have been no studies comparing the course of lichen sclerosus in boys and girls. We sought to examine all publications on boys and girls with lichen sclerosus and assess and compare epidemiology, symptoms and signs, genetic background, risk factors, treatment, and prognosis. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the Embase, Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria were information on children ages 0–18 years and a clinical or histologic diagnosis of lichen sclerosus. Literature from 1985 to 2021 was reviewed. Results: A total of 1780 articles were retrieved from the search, of which 90 articles were eligible for inclusion. Boys and girls present similarly on many aspects; nonetheless, treatment and follow-up are approached differently. Conclusions: Though the clinical approach is often different, lichen sclerosus in boys and girls demonstrates many similarities. More research is needed, especially on follow-up, to gain a better understanding of the course of lichen sclerosus and establish an advanced management plan for children.

We report a case of disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection in a patient who was treated with chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. We discuss the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of this unusual infection in neutropenic patients.

To conduct a systematic review to determine the occurrence and type of vocal cord injury, as well as the occurrence of hoarseness, in adults using an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask during routine anesthetic care.Two reviewers independently performed a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The search was limited to articles published in English, German, French, or Dutch. In addition, reference lists of the included articles were searched manually.Studies describing vocal cord injury and/or hoarseness following short-term general anesthesia (5 hours) using an endotracheal tube or any type of laryngeal mask were included. To obtain a reliable outcome regarding the occurrence of anesthesia-related laryngeal morbidity, only studies reporting both preoperative and postoperative measurements of vocal cord function were included.A total of 4119 articles were identified; of these, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were found to be heterogeneous and hardly comparable. Hoarseness and vocal cord injuries were common findings in most investigations.Hoarseness and vocal cord injuries are clinically relevant complications related to short-term general anesthesia using an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask. However, more well-designed prospective studies are necessary to generate reliable data as well as to investigate techniques to reduce adverse laryngeal effects. For future research, a proposal to categorize the vocal cord lesions due to general anesthesia is presented. Furthermore, use of a preoperative and postoperative standardized measurement protocol using acoustic analysis and the Voice Handicap Index is advised.

To compare the safety and antidepressant efficacy of paroxetine, imipramine, and placebo, data from six centres using the same protocol were pooled. A double-blind parallel-group design was used, with therapy lasting six weeks. From week 2 onwards, both the 240 paroxetine-treated and the 237 imipramine-treated patients were significantly different from the 240 placebo-treated patients, but no different from each other. Side-effects with paroxetine were less likely to lead to drop-out than with imipramine. Paroxetine had a possible earlier antidepressant effect than imipramine, and a possible earlier beneficial effect on anxiety symptoms associated with depression.

The present study investigated the tolerability, safety profile, and anti-obsessional efficacy of sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, during long-term treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Fifty-nine OCD patients who had completed a 1 year double-blind, fixed dose study comparing sertraline and placebo subsequently entered a 1-year open extension. Among the 51 patients who had been treated with sertraline during the double-blind phase, the mean total duration of sertraline treatment was 690 days. Only treatment responders who completed the 52-week double-blind treatment phase were permitted to enter the open extension. The higher rate (p < 0.02) of sertraline patients (51 out of 241) than of placebo patients (eight out of 84), who responded to treatment and entered the open-label phase is therefore consistent with the greater mean improvement observed in the sertraline group during double-blind treatment. Placebo responders differed from sertraline responders in that they were less impaired at baseline of the double-blind study [Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) of 18.5 versus 23.4] and they exhibited less improvement during double-blind treatment (-6.1 versus -11.4). In the open-label phase all patients received sertraline at a starting dose of 50 mg once a day, titrated in 50 mg increments to a maximum dose of 200 mg according to clinical response. At end-point the mean Y-BOCS score for all patients decreased by a further 3.6 points. Patients previously treated with placebo showed greater improvement after being switched to sertraline than those who received continued sertraline treatment. Patients who completed the study and received 2 full years of sertraline treatment (n = 38) exhibited a mean improvement of 15.6 points using the Y-BOCS. Sertraline was well tolerated during both the double-blind phase and the open extension, and the incidence of adverse experiences was generally reduced during the second year of treatment. Three patients discontinued open treatment because of adverse experiences. Long-term sertraline treatment did not appear to be associated with the emergence, increased incidence, or increased severity of adverse experiences or clinically significant abnormalities in laboratory tests, vital signs, or the electrocardiogram. The study supports the long-term safety and tolerability of sertraline over a 2-year treatment course and the sustained efficacy of sertraline in patients with OCD.

The development of a new antidepressant medication is usually accompanied by a concern as to whether or not the compound will be sufficiently effective in clinically important subgroups of patients (e.g., depressed patients with increased severity of symptomatology, patients with melancholic features, and patients whose illness is recurrent). This paper describes results of a pooled analysis of four placebo-controlled studies included in the development program of the antidepressant nefazodone. These studies involved a total of 247 patients receiving nefazodone in a dose of up to 600 mg/day, 251 patients on placebo, and 166 patients receiving imipramine. For purposes of the analysis, patients were defined as being more severely depressed (Clinical Global Impressions scale [CGI] psychopathology score of at least markedly ill), having melancholia using DSM-III-R criteria, or having recurrent major depression (using DSM-III-R criteria). Efficacy was assessed by improvement in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (17 items; HAM-D-17) Total score and CGI scale. Nefazodone (mean dose at endpoint = 379 mg/day) was effective in the management of depressed patients with moderate or severe symptomatology, depressed patients with or without melancholic features, and patients with single or recurrent episodes of depression.

In a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial, sertraline 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg, or placebo, was administered once daily to 369 patients with DSM-III-defined major depression. Efficacy variables included changes from baseline scores for total Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), HAMD Bech Depression Cluster, Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity, CGI Improvement, and Profile of Mood States Depression/Dejection Factor. For the evaluable-patients analysis, all sertraline groups showed significantly (p0.05 or better) greater improvements in all efficacy variables except one when compared with the placebo group. For the all-patients analysis, all efficacy variables in the 50 mg group were statistically significantly (p0.05) better than placebo. Side effects increased with increasing dosage but were usually mild and well tolerated. The results of this study show that sertraline 50 mg once daily is as effective as higher dosages for the treatment of major depression with fewer side effects and therapy discontinuations.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy, over a 1 year treatment period, of three dose levels of sertraline and placebo in the treatment of non-depressed adult out-patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Following 1 week of single-blind placebo washout, patients (n = 325) from 11 sites following identical protocols were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with one of three fixed doses of sertraline (50, 100 or 200 mg) or placebo. At the end of 12 weeks, treatment responders (including placebo patients) were offered an additional 40 weeks of double-blind treatment at their assigned doses. Efficacy measures were the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, the NIMH Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Clinical Global Impressions of Severity of Illness and Global Improvement and the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory. Patients in the pooled sertraline group showed greater improvement than placebo-treated patients on all efficacy measures, based on the endpoint analyses. Moreover, pairwise comparisons at endpoint revealed a significant effect on all three investigator-rated scales in patients receiving 50 or 200 mg of sertraline; in the 100 mg group, there was a significant effect on the NIMH Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale only. Patients completing 3 months of sertraline treatment exhibited excellent toleration and sustained improvement during an additional 40 weeks of therapy. Results support the safety, efficacy and tolerability of daily doses of 50-200 mg of sertraline in the long-term treatment of patients with OCD.

Nefazodone hydrochloride, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist that selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake, was evaluated in a double-blind, dose-finding study of novel design, involving 240 patients with major depression.Patients were randomly assigned to three treatment groups and received either placebo (2-6 capsules per day), a lower-dose range of nefazodone (50-300 mg/day), or a higher-dose range of nefazodone (100-600 mg/day) for 6 weeks.At the end of treatment, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the clinician- and patient-rated Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology scores showed significant improvement (por = .05) for patients receiving higher-dose range nefazodone (mean = 392 mg/day) compared with placebo treatment. The percentage of responders (at least "much improved" on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale) in the higher-dose range nefazodone group (58%) was significantly greater (por = .05) than in the placebo group (39%). The treatment group receiving nefazodone in the lower-dose range was not differentiated in clinical response from placebo controls. The rate of discontinuation for adverse experience (14%) was similar for patients treated with higher-dose range nefazodone and placebo.The findings of this study indicate that nefazodone is an effective and well-tolerated antidepressant drug, with a recommended therapeutic dose range of 100 to 600 mg/day and a starting dose of 100 mg b.i.d.

Objective To conduct a systematic review to determine the occurrence and type of vocal cord injury, as well as the occurrence of hoarseness, in adults using an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask during routine anesthetic care. Data Sources Two reviewers independently performed a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The search was limited to articles published in English, German, French, or Dutch. In addition, reference lists of the included articles were searched manually. Data Extraction Studies describing vocal cord injury and/or hoarseness following short-term general anesthesia ( Data Synthesis A total of 4119 articles were identified; of these, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were found to be heterogeneous and hardly comparable. Hoarseness and vocal cord injuries were common findings in most investigations. Conclusions Hoarseness and vocal cord injuries are clinically relevant complications related to short-term general anesthesia using an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask. However, more well-designed prospective studies are necessary to generate reliable data as well as to investigate techniques to reduce adverse laryngeal effects. For future research, a proposal to categorize the vocal cord lesions due to general anesthesia is presented. Furthermore, use of a preoperative and postoperative standardized measurement protocol using acoustic analysis and the Voice Handicap Index is advised.

This study was conducted to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of the benzodiazepine hypnotic quazepam within the context of a clinical practice setting of psychiatric outpatients who had insomnia.A total of 2,813 adult, psychiatric outpatients were evaluated in an open-label study design. Each subject was instructed to take one 15-mg quazepam tablet each night at bedtime for 7 consecutive nights and was given a questionnaire to be completed at home upon arising each morning.Insomnia improved after 1 night of treatment with 15 mg of quazepam. Eighty-five percent of patients rated their quality of sleep as fair-to-excellent after 1 week of treatment. Similar efficacy outcomes also were observed on the second through sixth nights of treatment. Improvement occurred for patients who had an initial sleep latency complaint or unsatisfactory duration of sleep and for those who either had difficulty in staying asleep or complained of early morning awakening. The mean number of insomnia complaints was significantly (p.001) reduced after the first and the seventh nights of treatment both in the population of all evaluable patients and in a subset of patients with more severe insomnia.This open-label study in 2,813 outpatients provided evidence that quazepam reduces the complaints of insomnia in a difficult-to-treat psychiatric population after 1 night and after 7 nights of treatment. Quazepam was well tolerated, even when coadministered with psychotherapeutic medications, some of which can cause insomnia.

These data provide evidence for the antidepressant efficacy of paroxetine. Paroxetine- and imipramine-treated patients were significantly different from placebo-treated patients, but little different to each other, on all depressive outcome measures. However, paroxetine appeared to have a possibly greater and earlier beneficial effect on anxiety symptoms associated with depression, when compared with imipramine. Both active therapies were effective in treating patients with severe depression. Side effects for paroxetine were typical of other serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitors but different from those of imipramine. In particular, anticholinergic and cardiovascular symptoms were reduced, and premature withdrawal less likely.

Depression is probably the most common psychiatric illness affecting the elderly. Although depression in the elderly usually responds to treatment, it often goes unrecognized and, left untreated, may lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. Reversible causes of depression (e.g., medications; infectious states; endocrine, collagen, neurologic, and neoplastic disorders; and nutritional deficiencies) must all be ruled out before instituting therapy. Psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and pharmacologic therapy are the main therapeutic approaches used to manage depression. The pharmacologic options--tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, aminoketones, and triazolopyridines--each appear to be efficacious; however, the side-effect profile of some of the agents makes them more appropriate for use in elderly patients. It is imperative for clinicians, when choosing therapy for elderly depressed patients, to keep firmly in mind all risks, as well as benefits, inherent in each choice.

In this study, 312 depressed outpatients received either placebo or one of three venlafaxine doses twice daily (b.i.d.) for up to 6 weeks. The total daily doses of venlafaxine were 25, 50-75, and 150-200 mg/day. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total scores at Week 6 were significantly lower for the high-dose group than for the placebo group. A positive dose-response trend for the primary efficacy parameters was demonstrated as early as Week 1. Venlafaxine was well tolerated at all dose levels. The most common side effects of clinical interest were nausea and dry mouth. The frequency of nausea in the venlafaxine groups was essentially the same (25-29%), whereas the frequencies of dry mouth, somnolence, and sweating were dose related. The results indicate that b.i.d. doses of venlafaxine are safe and effective in treating depression.

Labetalol and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) were compared for their efficacy in controlling hypertension of blacks in a prospective, double-blind study. Sixty-one adult patients with mild to moderate hypertension (standing diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg and less than or equal to 114 mm Hg) were randomly selected to receive either labetalol 100 mg twice daily (n = 30) or HCTZ 25 mg twice daily (n = 31). The study was divided into two phases: a 4-week placebo run-in phase, during which all previous antihypertensive medication was discontinued, and a 12-week drug treatment phase. Labetalol and HCTZ doses were titrated to 400 mg twice and 50 mg twice daily, respectively, during the first 6 weeks of the drug treatment phase for those patients not achieving blood pressure control (standing diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg and a decrease of 10 mm Hg from baseline) on initial dosages. By the end of the 12 weeks of drug administration, patients on labetalol experienced a mean decrease of 10 mm Hg in standing diastolic blood pressure compared to a mean decrease of 10.1 mm Hg in patients on HCTZ. No differences were observed between the two treatment groups in reductions of either standing blood pressure or heart rate. While 19 of 30 patients on labetalol (63%) achieved blood pressure control at some point during the study with a mean daily dose of 568 mg, 18 of 31 (58%) HCTZ-treated patients achieved control with a mean daily dose of 72 mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The several benzodiazepine hypnotics currently marketed differ in onset and duration of action and in side effect profile. These differences are largely based on the varying pharmacodynamic properties of these agents. The selection of a drug for treating an individual patient should be based on consideration of these pharmacologic differences, as well as assessment of the sleep-wake disorder. The initial objective for the clinician who intends to manage a patient with insomnia is to determine which factors are contributing to the sleep disturbance and to decide on a treatment strategy. If medication is to be used, then the physician should select the most effective and safest hypnotic, prescribe it at the lowest effective dose and for the fewest number of nights. Individual patient response to the chosen medication should be monitored.

A double-blind, placebo- and amitriptyline-controlled comparison study was performed to evaluate the antidepressant efficacy of sertraline, a specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. Patients with DSM-III-defined major depression randomly received either sertraline (N = 149), amitriptyline (N = 149), or placebo (N = 150) once daily for the 8-week study period. The mean final daily medication dose for the all-patients group was 145 mg and 104 mg for the sertraline- and amitriptyline-treatment groups, respectively. As measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale, both the sertraline and amitriptyline treatment groups showed a significantly greater improvement from baseline (p less than or equal to .001) than the placebo group. The sertraline group had a higher proportion of gastrointestinal complaints and male sexual dysfunction than either the amitriptyline or the placebo group. The amitriptyline group showed a higher proportion of anticholinergic and sedative side effects and dizziness compared with patients who received either sertraline or placebo.

Two hundred forty-one elderly depressed patients entered the 8-week, double-blind phase of this parallel-group, multicenter study; 161 patients were randomized to receive sertraline (50-200 mg/day) and 80 were randomized to receive amitriptyline (50-150 mg/day). Among evaluable patients, there were no statistically significant differences between treatments in any of the primary efficacy variables: change in total Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score (17 items), percentage change in HAM-D score, change in HAM-D Item 1, change in Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity score, change in the Depression Factor of the 56-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist, and the CGI Improvement score at the last visit. Similar results were obtained using data from all patients (intention-to-treat analysis), except that amitriptyline was superior in HAM-D Total score (p = .044). The two drugs produced a similar degree of response: on the basis of the HAM-D criterion, 69.4% of sertraline patients and 62.5% of amitriptyline patients responded, and, on the basis of CGI criterion, 79.5% of sertraline and 73.4% of amitriptyline patients responded. Twenty-eight percent of the sertraline patients withdrew from the study because of a treatment-related side effect and 2.5% (4) because of a laboratory abnormality. In comparison, 35% of the amitriptyline patients withdrew because of treatment-related side effects. Sertraline was associated with a statistically lower frequency of somnolence, dry mouth, constipation, ataxia, and pain and a higher frequency of nausea, anorexia, diarrhea/loose stools, and insomnia; thus, anticholinergic effects were less common and gastrointestinal effects were more common with sertraline than with amitriptyline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1 Antisera to nortriptyline were prepared by immunizing rabbits with N-succinylnortriptyline--bovine serum albumin conjugate. 2 A sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline and nortriptyline. 3 amitriptyline and nortriptyline are separated from each other and from interfering metabolites before assay. 4 Using [3H]-imipramine and [3H]-succinylnortriptyline as tracers the radioimmunoassay can measure amitriptyline and nortriptyline levels down to 2--3 ng/ml using 0.05 ml plasma sample. 5 Agreement between the radioimmunoassay and a gas-chromatographic assay was excellent for both amitriptyline and nortriptyline.

The authors review several approaches that show promise for predicting which antidepressant medication will be best for a particular patient and for achieving maximum benefit from each drug. These include delineation of clinical and historical characteristics associated with response to various drugs, use of psychological tests, assessment of biochemical and electroencephalographic parameters, evaluation of mood response to amphetamine, determination of acetylator status, and measurement of plasma tricyclic levels and degree of inhibition of platelet monoamine oxidase. The authors believe that the use of these approaches may improve our ability to help depressed patients.

A controlled double-blind study of 40 depressed psychiatric outpatients who received doxepin either q.i.d. or h.s. showed that doxepin may be administered h.s. without loss of efficacy or increase in side effects. The patients who received doxepin h.s. felt significantly better rested in the morning than the patients who received doxepin in divided doses.

Using symptomatic definitions of endogenous and reactive depression, a clear-cut difference in the response to E.C.T. of these two syndromes was demonstrated. However, there is a considerable overlap in the symptoms of these two conditions, the majority of patients being "endoreactive". An "endogenous component" appears to be present in most of the patients; the diagnosis, as well as the response to E.C.T. is more closely related to the "reactive features" present. The response to E.C.T. rests on a very delicate balance of symptoms.

Few psychiatric controversies have been as persistent as the disagreement surrounding the nosology of depression. The conflict centres on the question of whether depression is a single illness, with its many faces manifestations of individual idiosyncrasy and severity, or whether it constitutes two or more separate conditions. The 1926 debate at the British Medical Association Meetings, with Edward Mapother (11) propounding the case for a single illness and Buzzard and Ross advancing claims for a dichotomy, has in one form or the other continued until today. The issue is complicated by the fact that few terms in psychiatry are used with as many different meanings as depression. Unfortunately the use of the term is seldom clearly defined. As Humpty Dumpty said in Through the Looking-Glass, “it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less”.

Lithium chloride at two different doses (1 mEq/kg and 2 mEq/kg) IP BID for 10 days failed to inhibit muricidal behavior in rats. Lithium chloride at the higher dose caused neurotoxicity in 6 of 11 rats as measured by the rotorod. These dosages generated serum levels of 0.70 and 1.00 mEq/L respectively. The same behavior was blocked by imipramine HCl at an ED 5 0 of 8.5 mg/kg 45 min following a single IP injection without evidence of neurotoxicity by the rotorod method. These results indiciate that lithium chloride is unlike the tricyclic agents in the muricide test. Therefore, if its clinical antidepressant activity is substantial, it may be most effective in a neurochemically different class of depressives than the tricyclics.

Four patients who developed signs of hepatic and haematological toxicity while being treated with carphenazine hydrochloride are reported. The drug was stopped in one patient and continued in 3. All signs of toxicity disappeared in 12-16 weeks, without any reduction in dosage.

The effectiveness of trifluoperazine in daily doses of 2 to 6 mg in the short-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder was evaluated in 415 outpatients in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Efficacy and side effects were assessed by a number of psychiatric rating scales for anxiety. All efficacy measurements of anxiety were significantly improved (p less than .001) with trifluoperazine compared to placebo by the end of the study. The side effects profile of trifluoperazine and placebo were similar during the 4-week treatment period.

Rats were administered either monoamine oxidase inhibitors or serotonin uptake inhibitors for either 1, 4 or 16 days. The binding of [3H]serotonin to brain homogenates and the concentration of serotonin in brain was measured at these times. Treatment with inhibitors of serotonin uptake did not change the specific binding of [3H]serotonin in either cerebral cortex or hippocampus, nor did it produce any consistent alterations in the concentration of serotonin in the cerebral cortex. In contrast, monoamine oxidase inhibitors capable of inhibiting A-type monoamine oxidase significantly decreased [3H]serotonin binding after both 4 and 16 days of treatment; serotonin concentrations were significantly elevated at all time intervals. Inhibitors of B-type monoamine oxidase had no effect on either [3H]serotonin binding or serotonin concentrations in cerebral cortex. The reduction in labeled serotonin binding caused by monoamine oxidase inhibitors is due to a decrease in the maximum number of specific binding sites with no change in the affinity of the binding sites for labeled serotonin.