Search

Le traitement chirurgical des lésions ostéochondrales du dôme astragalien (LODA) kystiques de grands volumes consiste en un curetage puis comblement de la cavité géodique. La littérature actuelle propose principalement des techniques impliquant de larges voies d’abord avec ostéotomies malléolaires et autogreffes iliaques pourvoyeuses de complications et de morbidités non négligeables. Le choix d’un traitement moins invasif sous contrôle arthroscopique antérieur a été décrit par quelques auteurs. Nous rapportons ici le cas d’un patient de 22 ans présentant une LODA kystique postérolatérale de grand volume post-traumatique symptomatique. Le patient a bénéficié sous contrôle arthroscopique postérieur, d’un curetage et comblement extra-articulaire de la lésion par ciment phosphocalcique. À deux ans postopératoires, le patient n’a aucune doléance clinique avec une stabilité de la lésion au bilan d’imagerie.

We use a recently developed high-resolution coherent probe spectroscopy method to investigate the dispersion of collective excitations of a polaritonic quantum fluid. We measure the dispersion relation with high energy and wavenumber resolution, which allows us to determine the speed of sound in the fluid and to evidence the contribution of an excitonic reservoir. We report on the generation of collective excitations at negative energies, on the ghost branch of the dispersion curve. Precursors of dynamical instabilities are also identified. Our methods open the way to the precise study of quantum hydrodynamics of quantum fluids of light.

Maxwell's Demon is at the heart of the interrelation between quantum information processing and thermodynamics. In this thought experiment, a demon generates a temperature gradient between two thermal baths initially at equilibrium by gaining information at the single-particle level and applying classical feed-forward operations, allowing for the extraction of work. Here we implement a photonic version of Maxwell's Demon with active feed-forward in a fibre-based system using ultrafast optical switches. We experimentally show that, if correlations exist between the two thermal baths, the Demon can generate a temperature difference over an order of magnitude larger than without correlations, and so extract more work. Our work demonstrates the great potential of photonic experiments -- which provide a unique degree of control on the system -- to access new regimes in quantum thermodynamics., 25 pages with appendix, 6 figures. Final version published on Quantum

Both photonic quantum computation and the establishment of a quantum internet require fiber-based measurement and feed-forward in order to be compatible with existing infrastructure. Here we present a fiber-compatible scheme for measurement and feed-forward, whose performance is benchmarked by carrying out remote preparation of single-photon polarization states at telecom-wavelengths. The result of a projective measurement on one photon deterministically controls the path a second photon takes with ultrafast optical switches. By placing well-calibrated bulk passive polarization optics in the paths, we achieve a measurement and feed-forward fidelity of (99.0 ± 1)%, after correcting for other experimental errors. Our methods are useful for photonic quantum experiments including computing, communication, and teleportation.

Characterising elementary excitations in quantum fluids is essential to study collective effects within. We present an original angle-resolved coherent probe spectroscopy technique to study the dispersion of these excitation modes in a fluid of polaritons under resonant pumping. Thanks to the unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution, we observe directly the low-energy phononic behaviour and detect the negative-energy modes, i.e. the \textit{ghost branch}, of the dispersion relation. In addition, we reveal narrow spectral features precursory of dynamical instabilities due to the intrinsic out-of-equilibrium nature of the system. This technique provides the missing tool for the quantitative study of quantum hydrodynamics in polariton fluids., 5 pages, 2 figures. Comments are welcome

Vacuum quantum fluctuations near horizons are known to yield correlated emission by the Hawking effect. We use a driven-dissipative quantum fluid of microcavity polaritons as an analog model of a quantum field theory on a black-hole spacetime and numerically calculate correlated emission. We show that, in addition to the Hawking effect at the sonic horizon, quantum fluctuations may result in a sizeable stationary excitation of a quasi-normal mode of the field theory. Observable signatures of the excitation of the quasi-normal mode are found in the spatial density fluctuations as well as in the spectrum of Hawking emission. This suggests an intrinsic fluctuation-driven mechanism leading to the quantum excitation of quasi-normal modes on black hole spacetimes., Comment: Version accepted for publication

La neutropénie fébrile (NF) est une situation fréquemment rencontrée aux urgences avec un taux de mortalité non négligeable variant de 5 à 40 %. Cette variabilité importante met en avant l’importance de stratifier le risque afin de permettre un traitement ambulatoire per os de certains patients à faible risque. En plus du MASCC (The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer) score, d’autres outils permettent d’évaluer ce risque ou sont à l’étude dans ce but, tels que le dosage de la CRP, la procalcitonine ou encore le score CISNE. Après une prise en charge rapide aux urgences incluant l’administration sans délai d’un traitement adéquat, la poursuite de l’antibiothérapie per os à domicile est envisageable chez les patients à faible risque. La combinaison amoxicilline–acide clavulanique et ciprofloxacine est le plus souvent recommandée, mais la moxifloxacine ou la lévofloxacine en monothérapie peuvent également être utilisées pour les patients traités à domicile. Le retour à domicile permet de réduire fortement les coûts engendrés par l’hospitalisation, de diminuer le risque d’infection nosocomiale et d’améliorer la qualité de vie des patients avec NF à faible risque. Dans cette optique, plusieurs critères doivent être remplis, et une discussion avec le patient reste primordiale à la prise de décision. Parmi ceux-ci, nous retiendrons notamment un score MASCC supérieur à 21, une durée attendue de neutropénie inférieure à sept jours, l’accord du patient et de son entourage ainsi que la proximité entre le domicile et un service de soin adapté. [Febrile Neutropenia in the Emergency Department, Risk Stratification and Terms for Outpatient Management] Febrile neutropenia is a commonly encountered complication in the emergency department (ED) with a mortality rate from 5 to 40%. This significant variability highlights the importance of stratifying risk to allow oral outpatient treatment of some low-risk patients. Besides the MASCC (The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer) score, other tools allow to evaluate this risk or are under study for this purpose such as the assay of c-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin or the CISNE (Clinical index of stable febrile neutropenia) score. After the quick administration of an adequate treatment, the emergency physician may consider outpatient management with oral antibiotics. The combination of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin is most often recommended but moxifloxacin or levofloxacin monotherapy may also be used for outpatient treatments. Returning home can greatly reduce the costs incurred by hospitalization, reduce the risk of nosocomial infection and improve the quality of life of patients with low-risk febrile neutropenia. To this purpose, a few criteria must be met and a talk with the patient is predominant in this decision-making process. In particular, we will consider a MASCC score > 21, an expected duration of neutropenia < 7 days, the agreement of the patient and those around him, as well as the proximity of the home to an adapted care service.

Vacuum quantum fluctuations near horizons are known to yield correlated emission by the Hawking effect. In this talk, I will explain how a 1 dimensional flow of microcavity polaritons may be engineered to produce an effective curved spacetime with a black hole horizon. I will present numerical computations of correlated emission on this spacetime and show that, in addition to the Hawking effect at the sonic horizon, quantum fluctuations may result in a sizeable stationary excitation of a quasi-normal mode of the field theory. Observable signatures of the excitation of the quasi-normal mode are found in the spatial density fluctuations as well as in the spectrum of Hawking emission. I will explain how the driven-dissipative dynamics of the polariton fluid are key to observing the quantum excitation of the quasi-normal mode. Nonetheless, this observation suggests a general and intrinsic fluctuation-driven mechanism leading to the quantum excitation of quasi-normal modes on black hole spacetimes.

Quantum fluctuations on curved spacetimes cause the emission of pairs of particles from the quantum vacuum, as in the Hawking effect from black holes. We use an optical analogue to gravity to investigate the influence of the curvature on quantum emission. Due to dispersion, the spacetime curvature varies with frequency here. We analytically calculate for all frequencies the particle flux, correlations and entanglement. We find that horizons increase the flux with a characteristic spectral shape. The photon number correlations transition from multi- to two-mode, with close to maximal entanglement. The quantum state is a diagnostic for the mode conversion in laboratory tests of quantum field theory on curved spacetimes., Draft 2, Main 6 pages, Appendices 1 page, 7 figures, comments are welcome!

Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a prominent but poorly understood cryospheric hazard in a warming climate. We quantify the hydrologic and geomorphic response to 21 episodic GLOFs that began in April 2008 using multitemporal satellite imagery and field observations. Peak discharge exiting the source lake became progressively muted downstream. At ~40–60 km downstream, where the floods entered and traveled down the main stem Rio Baker, peak discharges were generally 1–2 times the peak annual discharge of this system, Chile's largest river by volume. As such, caution must be applied to empirical relationships relating lake volume to peak discharge, as the latter is dependent on where this observation is made along the flood path. The GLOFs and subsequent periods of free drainage resulted in > 40 m of incision, the net removal of ~25 × 106 m3 of sediment from the source lake basin, and a nonsteady channel configuration downstream. These results demonstrate that GLOFs sourced from low-order tributaries can produce significant floods on major main stem rivers, in addition to significantly altering sediment dynamics.

The novel SPF10 real-time PCR assay allows the simultaneous amplification and detection of the HPV target. That way, LiPA analysis of the HPV-negative samples can be avoided, reducing workload and cost. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the SPF10 real-time PCR in combination with the LiPA assay for HPV detection and typing in cervical samples. Thirty-nine cervical samples were subjected to the SPF10 conventional PCR in combination with the LiPA assay. Subsequently, the SPF10 real-time PCR was performed to enable the comparison between the SPF10 conventional and the real-time PCR results. In case of discrepancy, the samples were subjected to the CLAR(R) HPV2 assay. As a result, 27 out of 39 samples were identified as HPV-positive by the SPF10 real-time PCR and were genotyped further by the LiPA assay. Twenty samples (74.1%) showed an absolute agreement between the conventional and real-time SPF10 PCR (concordant), three (11.1%) displayed additional or fewer types (compatible), two (7.4%) did not show any similarity between both assays (discordant) and the remaining two (7.4%) were LiPA-negative. The two assays showed an excellent strength of agreement for individual (k = 0.932) and multiple genotype detection (k = 0.834). In conclusion, the two SPF10 PCR methods are comparable. Therefore, the SPF10 real-time PCR with subsequent LiPA could be used for the detection and genotyping of HPV in cervical samples. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Central venous access port devices (CVAPD) are necessary for delivery of prolonged infusional chemotherapy or in patients with poor peripheral venous access. Previous studies of Hickman catheters report complication rates in about 45% of patients. Our aim was to assess the early and late complication rate, and duration that the CVAPD remained functional, following insertion by interventional radiologists in patients with solid tumours. A prospective study was undertaken in 110 consecutive patients who had insertion of 111 subclavian CVAPD. The median age of patients was 57 years (range 17-83), 64 were females; 68 patients (61%) had gastrointestinal tumours and 25 (23%) had breast cancer. CVAPD were successfully implanted in all but one patient. There were four (4%) immediate major complications: thrombosis 2 and pneumothorax 2. Nine patients (8%) had bruising or pain. Four devices (4%) became infected. In total, 100 CVAPD (90%) were either removed as planned at the end of treatment (n=23) after a median 203 days, or remained in situ for a median of 237 days (7-1133). Premature removal occurred in eight patients due to infection (n=4), thrombosis (n=3) or faulty device (n=1). Four patients were lost to follow-up. Radiological insertion of CVAPD is safe and convenient with low rates of complications.

Whether dieting makes people fatter has been a subject of considerable controversy over the past 30 years. More recent analysis of several prospective studies suggest, however, that it is dieting to lose weight in people who are in the healthy normal range of body weight, rather than in those who are overweight or obese, that most strongly and consistently predict future weight gain. This paper analyses the ongoing arguments in the debate about whether repeated dieting to lose weight in normal-weight people represents unsuccessful attempts to counter genetic and familial predispositions to obesity, a psychosocial reaction to the fear of fatness or that dieting per se confers risks for fatness and hence a contributing factor to the obesity epidemic. In addressing the biological plausibility that dieting predisposes the lean (rather than the overweight or obese) to regaining more body fat than what had been lost (i.e. fat overshooting), it integrates the results derived from the re-analysis of body composition data on fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) losses and recoveries from human studies of experimental energy restriction and refeeding. These suggest that feedback signals from the depletion of both fat mass (i.e. adipostats) and FFM (i.e. proteinstats) contribute to weight regain through the modulation of energy intake and adaptive thermogenesis, and that a faster rate of fat recovery relative to FFM recovery (i.e. preferential catch-up fat) is a central outcome of body composition autoregulation in lean individuals. Such a temporal desynchronization in the restoration of the body's fat vs. FFM results in a state of hyperphagia that persists beyond complete recovery of fat mass and interestingly until FFM is fully recovered. However, as this completion of FFM recovery is also accompanied by fat deposition, excess fat accumulates. In other words, fat overshooting is a prerequisite to allow complete recovery of FFM. This confers biological plausibility for post-dieting fat overshooting - which through repeated dieting and weight cycling would increase the risks for trajectories from leanness to fatness. Given the increasing prevalence of dieting in normal-weight female and male among young adults, adolescents and even children who perceive themselves as too fat (due to media, family and societal pressures), together with the high prevalence of dieting for optimizing performance among athletes in weight-sensitive sports, the notion that dieting and weight cycling may be predisposing a substantial proportion of the population to weight gain and obesity deserves greater scientific scrutiny.

According to Lavoisier, 'Life is combustion'. But to what extent humans adapt to changes in food intake through adaptive thermogenesis--by turning down the rate of heat production during energy deficit (so as to conserve energy) or turning it up during overnutrition (so as to dissipate excess calories)--has been one of the most controversial issues in nutritional sciences over the past 100 years. The debate nowadays is not whether adaptive thermogenesis exists or not, but rather about its quantitative importance in weight homoeostasis and its clinical relevance to the pathogenesis and management of obesity. Such uncertainties are likely to persist in the foreseeable future primarily because of limitations to unobtrusively measure changes in energy expenditure and body composition with high enough accuracy and precision, particularly when even small inter-individual variations in thermogenesis can, in dynamic systems and over the long term, be important in the determining weight maintenance in some and obesity and weight regain in others. This paper reviews the considerable body of evidence, albeit fragmentary, suggesting the existence of quantitatively important adaptive thermogenesis in several compartments of energy expenditure in response to altered food intake. It then discusses the various limitations that lead to over- or underestimations in its assessment, including definitional and semantics, technical and methodological, analytical and statistical. While the role of adaptive thermogenesis in human weight regulation is likely to remain more a concept than a strictly 'quantifiable' entity in the foreseeable future, the evolution of this concept continues to fuel exciting hypothesis-driven mechanistic research which contributes to advance knowledge in human metabolism and which is bound to result in improved strategies for the management of a healthy body weight.

Summary form only given. Recently, high power monolithic VCSELs (1 mW at 1.55 um) have been demonstrated by using tunnel junction injection and a metamorphic AlAs/GaAs mirror. This approach combined with a planar process based on proton implantation might enable the ultra low cost fabrication of 1.55 /spl mu/m laser sources. In the paper we present the optimization of the electrical conductivity of AlAs/GaAs n type metamorphic mirrors and analyze their thermal properties.

A novel 1.55-/spl mu/m surface-emitting laser structure based on a tunnel junction for current injection and GaAs-AlAs top mirror directly grown on InP cavity in a 2 in. compatible process allows cw operation at room temperature.

Operation of a new triple fused long wavelength VCSEL structure is demonstrated for the first time. In this structure both highly resistive p-AlGaAs/GaAs DBR and strained p-GaAs/p-InP fused junction are replaced with a composite mirror comprising a p-InGaAsP/InP partial DBR fused to an undoped AlGaAs/GaAs DBR and an isoperiodic, low barrier p-InP/p-InGaAsP fused junction.

Recent advances in the field of tunable semiconductor lasers have stimulated research studies on new optical switching concepts and architectures making efficient use of the wavelength domain. In the specific case of ATM-type systems, cells (data packets) can be encoded in the wavelength domain so as to determine a physical path through the switching network (wavelength routing) [1,2]. However, the useful tuning range of semiconductor lasers is still restricted to 10-20 nm and thus the capacity of any switch fabric based on wavelength routing remains somewhat limited, in terms of number of available wavelength multiplexed channels. In order to increase further this capacity, the integrated wavelength converter (IWC), recently demonstrated by Kondo et al [3], is an attractive device which can be used, for instance, as an optical gateway between stages of a multistage wavelength switching network. Basically, the IWC is a tunable laser which is optically triggered by external light; if this external signal is carrying binary data via intensity modulation, the IWC translates the incoming signal into an image signal, the wavelength of which can be tuned by electrical means. The aim of this paper is to present new results on high speed optical triggering and wavelength switching using an IWC based on a new DBR laser featuring a saturable absorber section.

Pulmonary functions at rest and cardiorespiratory responses to low speed treadmill walking were investigated in 24 patients (P), (mean age, 38 years; range, 20 to 56 yr) with multiple sclerosis and compared with a control group (C). The following parameters were significantly (p < 0.01) different in P from those in C. At rest in P, the residual volume to TLC ratio was 21% greater, respiratory muscle strength index was 28% lower, and heart rate (HR) was 11 beats/min−1 higher. During treadmill walking at a given speed, HR, minute ventilation , and O2 consumption were all elevated (37 to 119%). In addition, the energy cost of walking, per unit distance, above resting, was 2 to 3 times greater, with mean ± SEM values for P of 0.299 ± 0.019 and C of 0.147 ± 0.006 at 2 km/h and 0.275 ± 0.042 and 0.110 ± 0.005 (for P and C, respectively) ml O1 kg−1m−1 at 4 km/h; the HR and , also when referred to a given , were higher. We conclude that a high energy cost of walking may be an important contributing factor to brea...

Summary By using a polarographic technique, we have determined the activity of an NADH dependent yeast soluble C-nitroso reductase towards p-nitrosodimethylaniline, p-nitrosophenol and nitrosobenzene. The apparent Km values are 4,0.10 −5 M, 1,2.10 −4 M and 2,0.10 −3 M respectively. This specific enzyme for C-nitroso compounds has been, in the first stage, purified 22 fold by two step procedures: precipitation by ammonium sulfate and gel filtration with dextran gel Sephadex G 200. The yeast soluble C-nitrosoreductase doesn't seem to work as a break down enzyme towards N-nitroso derivatives, as dimethylnitrosamine.

(1984). The development of hydrological research in France relative to the influence of man on water cycles and the forecasting of floods. La Houille Blanche: Vol. 70, No. 5, pp. 315-322.

L’utilisation de boulons ayant une limite d ’elasticite de l'ordre de 90 kg/mm2 dans les assemblages de construction metallique presente de nombreux avantages, mais pose — en contrepartie — des problemes propres a ce nouveau mode d ’assemblage. Ce sont :—le dimensionnement des assemblages, que ceux-ci travaillent au cisaillement ou a l’arrachement des tetes,—la mise en oeuvre des boulons,—la qualite de ces memes boulons,—leur controle.Apres un bref expose du principe de fonctionnement des assemblages et un rappel des principaux parametres intervenant dans la bonne tenue des joints, on fera l’analyse des proprietes physiques et mecaniques que doivent presenter les vis, ecrous, rondelles et — plus particulierement — l’ensemble de ces trois elements. On soulignera l’importance des in f lu e nces mutuelles pour la precontrainte finale des boulons en se referant aux essais de mise en tension dont les resultats conduisent aux : « Recommandations pour la definition de la qualite et la reception des boulons a haute resistance et a serrage controle » ; on terminera en commentant ces recommandations.

A method is presented for improving the accuracy of the determination of peak positions from step-scanned X-ray powder diffraction data. This method is intended to be used in situations where the nature of the sample produces broad asymmetric peaks with a low peak-to-background ratio. A Fourier series is fitted to the experimental step-scan observations and the peak position is calculated from this functional representation. The method has been tried on the mineral apatite from biological sources, mainly bone, where ionic substitutions affect the cell parameters.

Modelisation de l'evolution des phenomenes dont les milieux aquatiques et atmospheriques sont le siege, et elaboration de strategies de mesures adaptees pour acquerir l'information necessaire a l'elaboration, au calibrage et a la validation de ces modeles, sont deux operations indissociables qui doivent etre conduites en concomitance. L'illustration en est donnee a travers l'examen des differentes etapes de la modelisation d'un systeme complexe a dimension ecologique sous l'angle de l'analyse de systemes. Quelques exemples significatifs sont tires de recherches sur le cycle de l'eau atmospherique, d'operations visant la mise en evidence de l'influence de l'homme sur le comportement de milieux " naturels ". L'attention est attiree sur les strategies propres aux reseaux de mesure permanents qui constituent une piece maitresse pour l'elaboration d 'outils de gestion efficace des milieux de la biosphere : il importe de revaloriser leur propre gestion afin d'en garantir la continuite de fonctionnement au meilleur cout et la fiabilite de l'information qu'ils delivrent.

Once more, the aflatoxin B1 comes out as a very powerful carcinogen in the white rat. The buccal duct, the subcutaneous injection, as Dickens and Jones have laid it down, testicular and intramuscular ways, as we have just shown it, lead to tumours inducing death. We also accentuate the importance of precocious diseases : a slowing growth of young, a decreasing serum protein fractions, with an altering proteinogram and constant hepatic lesions, independantly of the way of difuranocoumarin injection. These lesions will be maintaining or growing worse according to the injected flavacoumarin doses and the effect periods. If we add the subacute effects of pulmonary infections, complications and haemorrhages, the presence of aflatoxin B1 must be considered as eminently suspect in animal feeding, on account of doses and the different species sensitiveness., L'aflatoxine B1 se révèle une fois de plus un très puissant cancérogène chez le rat blanc ; la voie buccale, la voie sous cutanée, comme l’ont établi Dickens et Jones, la voie testiculaire et la voie intramusculaire, comme nous venons de le montrer, aboutissent à des tumeurs qui entraînent la mort. Nous mettons aussi l'accent sur l'importance des troubles précoces : ralentissement de la croissance chez les jeunes, diminution du taux des protides sanguins, avec modification du protéinogramme et constance des lésions hépatiques, quelle que soit la voie d’introduction de la difuranocoumarine. Celles-ci se maintiendront ou s’aggraveront selon les taux de flavacoumarine en jeu et les temps d'action. Si l'on ajoute les effets subaigus de complications infectieuses pulmonaires et d’hémorragies, il faut bien ranger la présence d’aflatoxine B1, compte tenu des doses et des sensibilités différentes des espèces, comme éminemment suspecte dans l'alimentation animale., Jacquet Jean, Lemarinier Sylvie. Sur quelques troubles et lésions aiguës et subaiguës produits par l’aflatoxine B1 sur le rat Wistar . In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 136 n°2, 1983. pp. 153-164.

(1971). Aspects generaux de la representation mathematique des phenomenes en hydrologie de surface. La Houille Blanche: Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 105-110.

RESUME Ces etudes sont orientees vers la determination experimentale de la capacite de dissipation d'energie calorique par un plan d'eau dans differentes conditions climatiques. Des comparaisons de bilan d'eau et de bilan d'energie ont ete tentees a partir de mesures effectuees sur lac et sur bacs d'evaporation afin de mettre au point un dispositif de mesure adapte a letude, a une echelle de temps tres fine, des conditions naturelles de l'evaporation et a lasimulation de l'evaoiration forcee sur un site. Deux campagnes d'essais relisees, l'une sur un reservoir situe a BRENNILIS en Bretagne, l'autre sur le Lac de LA GODIVELLE (lac de craere dans le MASSIF CENTRAL), ont permis de preciser les problemes techniques de divers orders auzquels se heurte l'etude de la dynamique de l'evaporation sur un plan d'eau dans la nature.