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A method for traceability to SI for ac voltage and current based on high performance digitizers is presented. In contrast to the existing thermal-based methods, the proposed method utilizes direct traceability to quantum-based waveforms via the use of Josephson voltage systems. This allows not only a simplification of the traceability chain and reduced measurement times but also offers the potential for analysis of the ac voltage and current waveform spectral content, a feature which is not possible using thermal methods. Scaling of current and voltage is achieved by the use of current shunts and resistive voltage dividers respectively. Target operating ranges are up to 1 A and 100 V with a frequency range up to 1 kHz for both. The corresponding target uncertainty for this traceability route is 1 μV V−1 and 2 μA A−1 up to frequencies of 1 kHz. The traceability chain is described and various components are characterized to validate their suitability for this task. It is demonstrated that these uncertainty targets can be met under certain conditions. The use of multi-tone calibration waveforms is investigated to further reduce measurement time. An uncertainty analysis method based on simulation using real component performance data is demonstrated.

The polarization observables T , E , P , H , and G in photoproduction of η mesons off protons are measured for photon energies from threshold to W = 2400 MeV (T), 2280 MeV (E), 1620 MeV ( P , H ), or 1820 MeV (G), covering nearly the full solid angle. The data are compared to predictions from the SAID, MAID, JuBo, and BnGa partial-wave analyses. A refit within the BnGa approach including further data yields precise branching ratios for the Nη decay of nucleon resonances. A Nη-branching ratio of 0.33 ± 0.04 for N ( 1650 ) 1 / 2 − is found, which reduces the large and controversially discussed Nη-branching ratio difference of the two lowest mass J P = 1 / 2 − -resonances significantly.

Data on the polarization observables T, P, and H for the reaction gamma p -> p pi(0) are reported. Compared to earlier data from other experiments, our data are more precise and extend the covered range in energy and angle substantially. The results were extracted from azimuthal asymmetries measured using a transversely polarized target and linearly polarized photons. The data were taken at the Bonn electron stretcher accelerator ELSA with the CBELSA/TAPS detector. Within the Bonn-Gatchina partial wave analysis, the new polarization data lead to a significant narrowing of the error band for the multipoles for neutral-pion photoproduction. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Deuterated polystyrene for polarized solid targets has been prepared by chemical doping with the trityl radical ‘Finland D36’ (AH 110 355 deutero acid form). Thin foils doped with various radical densities have been produced using tetrahydrofuran as solvent. Dynamic nuclear polarization technique has been applied to polarize deuterons in the samples (98%-D) at the temperature range of about 1 K and magnetic fields of 2.5 T and 5.0 T. A maximum deuteron polarization of −61.5% with a build-up time of 100 min has been achieved at 5.0 T and about 500 mK at a radical density of 1.16×10 19 spins/g.

The electron spin-lattice relaxation time ( T 1 e ) of TEMPO- and trityl-doped butanol samples at 2.5 T and temperatures between 0.95 K and 2.17 K was studied by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using the nuclear-electron double resonance (NEDOR) method. This method is based on the idea to measure the NMR lineshift produced by the local field of paramagnetic impurities, whose polarization can be manipulated. This is of technical advantage as measurements can be performed under conditions typically used for the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) process – in our case 2.5 T and temperatures around 1 K – where a direct measurement on the electronic spins would be far more complicated to perform. As T 1 e is a crucial parameter determining the overall efficiency of DNP, the effect of the radical type, its spin concentration, the temperature and the oxygen content on T 1 e has been investigated. For radical concentrations as used in DNP (several 1019 spins/cm3) the relaxation rate ( T 1 e − 1 ) has shown a linear dependence on the paramagnetic electron concentration for both radicals investigated. Experiments with perdeuterated and ordinary butanol have given no indication for any influence of the host materials isotopes. The measured temperature dependence has shown an exponential characteristic. It is further observed that the oxygen content in the butanol samples has a considerable effect on the electron relaxation time and thus influences the nuclear relaxation time and polarization rate during the DNP. The experiments also show a variation in the NMR linewidth, leading to comparable time constants as determined by the lineshift. NEDOR measurements were also performed on irradiated, crystal grains of 6LiD. These samples exhibited a linewidth behavior similar to that of the cylindrically shaped butanol samples.

New data on the polarization observables T, P, and H for the reaction γp→pπ0 are reported. The results are extracted from azimuthal asymmetries when a transversely polarized butanol target and a linearly polarized photon beam are used. The data were taken at the Bonn electron stretcher accelerator ELSA using the CBELSA/TAPS detector. These and earlier data are used to perform a truncated energy-independent partial wave analysis in sliced-energy bins. This energy-independent analysis is compared to the results from energy-dependent partial wave analyses.

New data on the polarization observables T, P, and H for the reaction γp→pπ(0) are reported. The results are extracted from azimuthal asymmetries when a transversely polarized butanol target and a linearly polarized photon beam are used. The data were taken at the Bonn electron stretcher accelerator ELSA using the CBELSA/TAPS detector. These and earlier data are used to perform a truncated energy-independent partial wave analysis in sliced-energy bins. This energy-independent analysis is compared to the results from energy-dependent partial wave analyses.

Chemically doping with trityl radicals was performed in fully deuterated polyethylene. The behavior of paramagnetic centers has been investigated by ESR X-band spectrometer. The highest deuteron polarization was 8% at 2.5 T and 1 K with a spin concentration of [Formula: see text] spins/g.

This report describes a three-transistor d.c. coupled video amplifier. The low frequency gain, thermal stability., input impedance, frequency response, distortion, rise time and signal handling capability of the amplifier are discussed and the results of the measurements are given.