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The article discusses a case of transient global amnesia (TGA) in a 42-year-old woman with painless spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection. TGA is a neurological condition characterized by sudden memory loss that resolves within 24 hours. The patient's anterograde amnesia was linked to reduced cerebral perfusion due to the carotid artery dissection, which was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. The article highlights the importance of considering rare underlying causes like carotid artery dissection in TGA cases and emphasizes the need for appropriate diagnostic tools and follow-up care for such patients. [Extracted from the article]

The abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially fatal asymptomatic disease. It progresses silently with clinical complications that, when they occur, constitute a very serious event, frequently resulting in the patient's exitus. As a result, early detection and treatment are critical because the right therapeutic strategy can halt the disease's natural progression. AAA is frequently discovered as an incidental finding during an abdominal ultrasound or a plain X-ray of the abdomen, which is required for other pathologies. The primary diagnostic tool for AAA identification is abdominal B-mode ultrasound. It is cheap, widely available, non-invasive, and has high diagnostic sensitivity. However, this diagnostic tool may fail in rare cases due to misleading anatomical findings. We present an unusual flaw in the echographic AAA evaluation that should be considered during the diagnostic work-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study examined the relationship between phonemic awareness and reading ability in 29 elementary children enrolled in a residential school for students with deafness. Reading ability was significantly correlated to language ability, but not to phonemic awareness. Phonemic awareness did not contribute to any variance in reading ability. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)

Background: Popliteomeniscal fascicles (PMF) are considered the posterolateral meniscocapsular extensions which connect the lateral meniscus to the edge of the tibia. PMFs disruption leads to hypermobility of the lateral meniscus with pain and locking sensation. Recognition and treatment of PMFs tear remain very challenging. The aim of this systematic review is to collect and analyse the articles concerning popliteomeniscal fascicle disruption from diagnosis to surgical approach. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched. Various combinations of the keywords "Popliteomeniscal Fascicles", "Lateral Meniscus", "Popliteal Hiatus", "Posterolateral Corner", "Tear" and "Surgical Repair" were used. The original literature search identified a total of 85 articles comprising of duplicates. The PRISMA guidilines were followed. Studies in English language and published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Articles with level of evidence I to IV were included Results: A total of three articles were included in the qualitative analysis. All the articles included are retrospective case series, with a level of evidence IV. Studies concerning patients with pre-operative imaging MRI and clinical assessment, reporting surgical technique and clinical outcomes assessed by physical examination and/or subjective evaluation scales were analysed. Conclusions: MRI and the Figure-4 test allow to assess PMF tears pre-operatively. Arthroscopic evaluation constitutes the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis. Although surgery is considered resolutive for symptoms, there is still controversy about the most appropriate technique. Further higher quality studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially fatal asymptomatic disease. It progresses silently with clinical complications that, when they occur, constitute a very serious event, frequently resulting in the patient's exitus. As a result, early detection and treatment are critical because the right therapeutic strategy can halt the disease's natural progression. AAA is frequently discovered as an incidental finding during an abdominal ultrasound or a plain X-ray of the abdomen, which is required for other pathologies. The primary diagnostic tool for AAA identification is abdominal B-mode ultrasound. It is cheap, widely available, non-invasive, and has high diagnostic sensitivity. However, this diagnostic tool may fail in rare cases due to misleading anatomical findings. We present an unusual flaw in the echographic AAA evaluation that should be considered during the diagnostic work-up.

Perianal fistulas represent one of the most critical complications of Crohn's disease (CD). Management and treatment need a multidisciplinary approach with an accurate description of imaging findings., Aim: This study aspires to assess the significative role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the study of perianal fistulas, secondary extensions, and abscess in patients with CD. Therefore it is essential to standardize an appropriate protocol of sequences that allow the correct evaluation of disease activity and complications., Methods: We selected and reviewed ten recent studies among the most recent ones present in literature exclusively about pelvic MRI imaging and features in CD. We excluded studies that weren't in the English language., Conclusions: MRI has a crucial role in the evaluation and detection of CD perianal fistulas because, thanks to its panoramic and multiplanar view, it gives excellent anatomic detail of the anal sphincters. Today MRI is the gold standard imaging technique for the evaluation of perianal fistulas, mainly because this technique shows higher concordance with surgical findings than does any other imaging evaluation. Surgical treatment is often required in the management of perianal fistula in patients with CD, which often have complex perineal findings.

Objective: Evaluate the prevalence of aortic arch anatomy and branching pattern variants and anomalies in 1359 patients by Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Angiography., Methods: Retrospective multi-centric study including exams performed for various clinical issues with the same acquisition and injection protocols on 64-slices scanners. Multi-Planar reformations and Volume Rendering Images were available in all cases., Results: A total of 965 patients (71%) had normal aortic arch anatomy and branching pattern. Anatomical variations and anomalies were present in the remaining 394 patients (29%). The most common variation was the common origin of the brachiocephalic and the left common carotid arteries (302/1359 cases, about 22%). The most common anomaly were aberrant right subclavian artery (4/1359, about 0.5%) and right aortic arch (4/1359 cases, about 0.5%)., Conclusions: Our multicentric series is, as far as we know, the largest reported to date for the definition of the prevalence of variation and anomalies of aortic arch anatomy and branching pattern. Knowledge of such findings may avoid both in the immediate and in the long term an injury to the patient, decreasing the rate of complications during surgery and interventional radiology procedures in the head and neck district.

Ultrasound examination of the testis is the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of intratesticular focal lesions. In spite of its high sensibility, eco-Doppler-elastography is lacking of specificity in discrimination between benign and malign lesions, not always allowing us to make a definitive diagnosis of malignancy. When a diagnostic doubt persists, for such lesions that are indeterminate at clinical and radiological evaluation, it is possible to recur to ultrasound-guided testicular needle biopsy. This paper describes the main application scenarios of testicular fine-needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance and the experience in our institute.