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10. SIRT1 CONTRIBUTES TO POLARIZATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTES BY INCREASING STAT6 EXPRESSION IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH OVERWEIGHT AND LOW-RISK OBESITY

Author

Kolinko L, Shlykova O, Izmailova O, Vesnina L, and Igor Kaidashev

Subjects
Adult, Young Adult, Adolescent, Sirtuin 1, Escherichia coli, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Humans, Obesity, Overweight, STAT6 Transcription Factor, Monocytes
Abstract

Obesity contributes to the formation of low-intensity systemic inflammation with major participation of monocytes/macrophages. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase class III SIRT1 regulates the polarization of macrophages, controlling the inhibition of the M1 subpopulation and stimulating the activation of M2 macrophages. The aim of our study was to determine the regulatory role of SIRT1 in M1/M2 polarization of peripheral blood monocytes in young people with overweight and Class I obesity. 30 subjects of both gender, aged 18-25 years have been examined. Groups were formed by the BMI: the subjects with normal body weight (n=10, BMI 18.50-24.99 kg/m2), the subjects with overweight (n=10, BMI 25.00-29.99 kg/m2), the subjects with Class I obesity (n=10, BMI 30.00-34.99 kg/m2). Peripheral blood mononuclear suspension was isolated from venous blood. E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 100 ηg/mL and γ-interferon (γIFN) at a dose of 100 ηg/mL were used to induce polarization of macrophages by the M1 phenotype. Unstimulated monocytes/macrophages were used as controls. The level of the stat1, stat6 and sirt1 gene expression was determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction Real-time PCR. The findings showed an increase in the level of the sirt1 gene expression with weight gain. The highest rates of sirt1 expression were found in IL-4-stimulated cells of the subjects with Class I obesity. It has been concluded that SIRT1 promotes M2 polarization of peripheral blood monocytes toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype in young people with overweight and Class I obesity, mediated by increased stat6 gene expression. The direction of polarization toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype is indicated by a decrease in the stat/stat6 ratio and the formation of correlation between the sirt1 and stat6 expression in LPS and γIFN-stimulated cells and IL-4-stimulated cells.

Published
2021

13. Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases (ROPNIZ). Alimentary-dependent risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases and eating habits: dietary correction within the framework of preventive counseling. Methodological Guidelines

Author

Drapkina, O. M., primary, Karamnova, N. S., additional, Kontsevaya, A. V., additional, Gorny, B. E., additional, Dadaeva, V. A., additional, Drozdova, L. Yu., additional, Yeganyan, R. A., additional, Eliashevich, S. O., additional, Izmailova, O. V., additional, Lavrenova, E. A., additional, Lischenko, O. V., additional, Skripnikova, I. A., additional, Shvabskaya, O. B., additional, and Shishkova, V. N., additional

Published
2021
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16. Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS: An international multi-center study

Author

Fountoulakis, K.N. Dragioti, E. Theofilidis, A.T. Wiklund, T. Atmatzidis, X. Nimatoudis, I. Thys, E. Wampers, M. Hranov, L. Hristova, T. Aptalidis, D. Milev, R. Iftene, F. Spaniel, F. Knytl, P. Furstova, P. From, T. Karlsson, H. Walta, M. Salokangas, R.K.R. Azorin, J.-M. Bouniard, J. Montant, J. Juckel, G. Haussleiter, I.S. Douzenis, A. Michopoulos, I. Ferentinos, P. Smyrnis, N. Mantonakis, L. Nemes, Z. Gonda, X. Vajda, D. Juhasz, A. Shrivastava, A. Waddington, J. Pompili, M. Comparelli, A. Corigliano, V. Rancans, E. Navickas, A. Hilbig, J. Bukelskis, L. Stevovic, L.I. Vodopic, S. Esan, O. Oladele, O. Osunbote, C. Rybakowski, J.K. Wojciak, P. Domowicz, K. Figueira, M.L. Linhares, L. Crawford, J. Panfil, A.-L. Smirnova, D. Izmailova, O. Lecic-Tosevski, D. Temmingh, H. Howells, F. Bobes, J. Garcia-Portilla, M.P. García-Alvarez, L. Erzin, G. Karadaǧ, H. De Sousa, A. Bendre, A. Hoschl, C. Bredicean, C. Papava, I. Vukovic, O. Pejuskovic, B. Russell, V. Athanasiadis, L. Konsta, A. Stein, D. Berk, M. Dean, O. Tandon, R. Kasper, S. De Hert, M.

Abstract

Background The aim of the current study was to explore the changing interrelationships among clinical variables through the stages of schizophrenia in order to assemble a comprehensive and meaningful disease model. Methods Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries participated and included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ±Â 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Multiple linear regression analysis and visual inspection of plots were performed. Results The results suggest that with progression stages, there are changing correlations among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors at each stage and each factor correlates with all the others in that particular stage, in which this factor is dominant. This internal structure further supports the validity of an already proposed four stages model, with positive symptoms dominating the first stage, excitement/hostility the second, depression the third, and neurocognitive decline the last stage. Conclusions The current study investigated the mental organization and functioning in patients with schizophrenia in relation to different stages of illness progression. It revealed two distinct cores of schizophrenia, the Positive and the Negative, while neurocognitive decline escalates during the later stages. Future research should focus on the therapeutic implications of such a model. Stopping the progress of the illness could demand to stop the succession of stages. This could be achieved not only by both halting the triggering effect of positive and negative symptoms, but also by stopping the sensitization effect on the neural pathways responsible for the development of hostility, excitement, anxiety, and depression as well as the deleterious effect on neural networks responsible for neurocognition. © 2021 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.

Published
2021

17. Gender, age at onset, and duration of being ill as predictors for the long-term course and outcome of schizophrenia: an international multicenter study

Author

Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wiklund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Fountoulakis, NK, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, De Hert, M, Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wiklund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Fountoulakis, NK, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, and De Hert, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to explore the effect of gender, age at onset, and duration on the long-term course of schizophrenia. METHODS: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries representing all continents participated in the study that included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with a DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia; the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale as well as relevant clinicodemographic data were gathered. Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used, and the methodology corrected for the presence of potentially confounding effects. RESULTS: There was a 3-year later age at onset for females (P < .001) and lower rates of negative symptoms (P < .01) and higher depression/anxiety measures (P < .05) at some stages. The age at onset manifested a distribution with a single peak for both genders with a tendency of patients with younger onset having slower advancement through illness stages (P = .001). No significant effects were found concerning duration of illness. DISCUSSION: Our results confirmed a later onset and a possibly more benign course and outcome in females. Age at onset manifested a single peak in both genders, and surprisingly, earlier onset was related to a slower progression of the illness. No effect of duration has been detected. These results are partially in accord with the literature, but they also differ as a consequence of the different starting point of our methodology (a novel staging model), which in our opinion precluded the impact of confounding effects. Future research should focus on the therapeutic policy and implications of these results in more representative samples.

Published
2021

18. Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS : An international multi-center study

Author

Fountoulakis, K.N., Dragioti, Elena, Theofilidis, A.T., Wiklund, Tobias, Atmatzidis, Xenofon, Nimatoudis, I., Thys, E., Wampers, M., Hranov, L., Hristova, T., Aptalidis, D., Milev, R., Iftene, F., Spaniel, F., Knytl, P., Furstova, P., From, T., Karlsson, H., Walta, M., Salokangas, R.K.R., Azorin, J.-M., Bouniard, J., Montant, J., Juckel, G., Haussleiter, I.S., Douzenis, A., Michopoulos, I., Ferentinos, P., Smyrnis, N., Mantonakis, L., Nemes, Z., Gonda, X., Vajda, D., Juhasz, A., Shrivastava, A., Waddington, J., Pompili, M., Comparelli, A., Corigliano, V., Rancans, E., Navickas, A., Hilbig, J., Bukelskis, L., Stevovic, L.I., Vodopic, S., Esan, O., Oladele, O., Osunbote, C., Rybakowski, J.K., Wojciak, P., Domowicz, K., Figueira, M.L., Linhares, L., Crawford, J., Panfil, A.-L., Smirnova, D., Izmailova, O., Lecic-Tosevski, D., Temmingh, H., Howells, F., Bobes, J., Garcia-Portilla, M.P., Garciá-Alvarez, L., Erzin, G., Karada, H., De, Sousa A., Bendre, A., Hoschl, C., Bredicean, C., Papava, I., Vukovic, O., Pejuskovic, B., Russell, V., Athanasiadis, L., Konsta, A., Stein, D., Berk, M., Dean, O., Tandon, R., Kasper, S., De, Hert M., Fountoulakis, K.N., Dragioti, Elena, Theofilidis, A.T., Wiklund, Tobias, Atmatzidis, Xenofon, Nimatoudis, I., Thys, E., Wampers, M., Hranov, L., Hristova, T., Aptalidis, D., Milev, R., Iftene, F., Spaniel, F., Knytl, P., Furstova, P., From, T., Karlsson, H., Walta, M., Salokangas, R.K.R., Azorin, J.-M., Bouniard, J., Montant, J., Juckel, G., Haussleiter, I.S., Douzenis, A., Michopoulos, I., Ferentinos, P., Smyrnis, N., Mantonakis, L., Nemes, Z., Gonda, X., Vajda, D., Juhasz, A., Shrivastava, A., Waddington, J., Pompili, M., Comparelli, A., Corigliano, V., Rancans, E., Navickas, A., Hilbig, J., Bukelskis, L., Stevovic, L.I., Vodopic, S., Esan, O., Oladele, O., Osunbote, C., Rybakowski, J.K., Wojciak, P., Domowicz, K., Figueira, M.L., Linhares, L., Crawford, J., Panfil, A.-L., Smirnova, D., Izmailova, O., Lecic-Tosevski, D., Temmingh, H., Howells, F., Bobes, J., Garcia-Portilla, M.P., Garciá-Alvarez, L., Erzin, G., Karada, H., De, Sousa A., Bendre, A., Hoschl, C., Bredicean, C., Papava, I., Vukovic, O., Pejuskovic, B., Russell, V., Athanasiadis, L., Konsta, A., Stein, D., Berk, M., Dean, O., Tandon, R., Kasper, S., and De, Hert M.

Abstract

Background. The aim of the current study was to explore the changing interrelationships among clinical variables through the stages of schizophrenia in order to assemble a comprehensive and meaningful disease model. Methods. Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries participated and included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Multiple linear regression analysis and visual inspection of plots were performed. Results. The results suggest that with progression stages, there are changing correlations among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors at each stage and each factor correlates with all the others in that particular stage, in which this factor is dominant. This internal structure further supports the validity of an already proposed four stages model, with positive symptoms dominating the first stage, excitement/hostility the second, depression the third, and neurocognitive decline the last stage. Conclusions. The current study investigated the mental organization and functioning in patients with schizophrenia in relation to different stages of illness progression. It revealed two distinct “cores” of schizophrenia, the “Positive” and the “Negative,” while neurocognitive decline escalates during the later stages. Future research should focus on the therapeutic implications of such a model. Stopping the progress of the illness could demand to stop the succession of stages. This could be achieved not only by both halting the triggering effect of positive and negative symptoms, but also by stopping the sensitization effect on the neural pathways responsible for the development of hostility, excitement, anxiety, and depression as well as the deleterious effect on neural networks responsible for neurocognition.

Published
2021
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21. Механізми формування коморбідності гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби та ішемічної хвороби серця

Author

Fadieienko, G. D., Nesen, А. О., Krakhmalova, О. О., and Izmailova, O. V.

Subjects
коморбідність, кардіоваскулярний ризик, гастроезофагеальна рефлюксна хвороба, ішемічна хвороба серця, інсомнія, коморбидность, кардиоваскулярный риск, гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь, ишемическая болезнь сердца, инсомния, comorbidity, cardiovascular risk, gastroesophageal reflux disease, coronary heart disease, insomnia, digestive system diseases
Abstract

Objective — to identify possible transnosological mechanisms for the formation of comorbidity of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and coronary heart disease (CHD).Materials and methods. The study involved patients (n = 65) with GERD in combination with CHD: 54 men (83.08 %) and 11 women (16.92 %) aged 32 to 89 years; the mean age 61.57 ± 11.37 years. The laboratory-biochemical, clinical-instrumental and statistical methods were used during the study.Results. According to the anamnesis history, GERD duration varied 0.5 to 11 years (the mean duration 4.12 ± 2.25 years; median — 4 years); CHD duration ranged from 1 to 21 years; the average — 7.07 ± 4.61 years; the central trend (Me) — 6 years. All patients were divided into two groups: group I (n = 21; 32.31 %) consisted of subjects with non-erosive GERD and CHD; group II (n = 44; 67.69 %) included patients with erosive GERD and CHD. In both groups, women had an average lower cardiovascular risk (CVR) on different scales than men, and a higher percentage of associated 10-year survival, associated with modified risk factors (smoking, alcohol, body mass index, unhealthy diet, low physical activity, lipid metabolism). The dependence of severity obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome on the endoscopic form GERD (p = 0.0007) and dependence of level sleep disorders on clinical and morphological manifestations GERD (p = 0.0498) have been determined. The obtained data indicated the important transnosological mechanisms of formation of the GERD and CHD comorbidity: increased CVR and comorbidity level, changes in lipid spectrum and synthesis neurohormones, the presence of cardiac («cardiac mask») and pulmonary («pulmonary mask») manifestations, depressive and sleep disorders.Conclusions. The obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as an insomnia variant, was established as a factor of the adverse course of GERD and CHD comorbidity. This is one of transnosological mechanisms that promotes the emergence of numerous organic and functional systematic violations.At the GERD and CHD comorbidity, the severity of insomnia and depression depends on the patient’s age, the CHD duration and level of body mass index (p < 0.05); at different forms GERD there are differences in the main diagnostic parameters of severity OSA; the OSA severity was associated with the endoscopic GERD form (p = 0.0007); there is a dependence degree of sleep disorders on the clinical and morphological GERD manifestations (p = 0.0498). The increase in the comorbidity degree is proportional to the higher probability of mortality (r = 0.782; p < 0.001); correction of the comorbidity indexes with CVR indexes allowed to determine more correctly the remote prognosis of combined disease and significantly improve the effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic actions., Цель работы — определить возможные транснозологические механизмы формирования коморбидности гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни (ГЭРБ) и ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС).Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 65 больных с ГЭРБ в сочетании с ИБС, из них 54 (83,08 %) мужчины и 11 (16,92 %) женщин в возрасте от 32 до 89 лет (средний возраст — (61,57 ± 11,37) года). Применяли лабораторно-биохимические, клинико-инструментальные и статистические методы.Результаты. По данным анамнеза, давность ГЭРБ составляла от 0,5 до 11,0 лет (в среднем — (4,12 ± 2,25) года, медиана — 4 года), продолжительность ИБС — от 1 до 21 года (в среднем — (7,07 ± 4,61) года, медиана — 6 лет). Пациентов распределили на две группы: 21 (32,31 %) лицо с неэрозивной ГЭРБ и ИБС и 44 (67,69 %) лица с эрозивной ГЭРБ и ИБС. В обеих группах у женщин выявлен в среднем более низкий уровень кардиоваскулярного риска (КВР) по разным шкалам и более высокий процентный уровень 10-летней выживаемости, что ассоциируется с модифицированными факторами риска (курение, зло­употребление алкоголем, индекс массы тела, неправильное питание, низкая физическая активность, нарушения липидного обмена). Определена зависимость тяжести синдрома обструктивного апноэ/гипопноэ сна (СОАГС) от эндоскопической формы ГЭРБ (p = 0,0007) и степени расстройств сна от клинико-морфологических проявлений ГЭРБ (p = 0,0498). Полученные данные указывают на фактичность важных транснозологических механизмов формирования коморбидности ГЭРБ и ИБС: повышение КВР и уровня коморбидности на фоне нарушений липидного спектра и синтеза ряда нейрогормонов, наличие кардиальных («кардиальная маска») и легочных («легочная маска») проявлений, депрессивных расстройств и нарушений сна.Выводы. Фактором неблагоприятного течения коморбидности ГЭРБ и ИБС является СОАГС как один из вариантов инсомнии. Это один из транснозологических механизмов, вызывающих многочисленные органические и функциональные систематические нарушения. При коморбидности ГЭРБ и ИБС тяжесть инсомнии и депрессии зависит от возраста больного, длительности ИБС и величины индекса массы тела (p < 0,05). При разных формах ГЭРБ выявлены статистически значимые отличия по основным диагностическим параметрам тяжести СОАГС. Тяжесть СОАГС ассоциируется с эндоскопической формой ГЭРБ (p = 0,0007). Существует зависимость степени расстройств сна от клинико-морфологических проявлений ГЭРБ (p = 0,0498). Возрастание степени коморбидности пропорционально увеличению вероятнос­ти летальности (r = 0,782; p < 0,001). Коррекция показателей коморбидности и факторов КВР позволяет точно определить прогноз сочетанного заболевания и существенно повысить эффективность лечебно-профилактических мероприятий., Мета — визначити можливі транснозологічні механізми формування коморбідності гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби (ГЕРХ) та ішемічної хвороби серця (ІХС).Матеріали та методи. В дослідженні взяли участь 65 хворих з ГЕРХ у поєднанні з ІХС, з них 54 (83,08 %) чоловіки та 11 (16,92 %) жінок віком від 32 до 89 років (середній вік — (61,57 ± 11,37) року). Застосовували лабораторно-біохімічні, клініко-інструментальні та статистичні методи.Результати. За даними анамнезу давність ГЕРХ становила від 0,5 до 11,0 років (у середньому — (4,12 ± 2,25) року, медіана — 4 роки), тривалість ІХС — від 1 до 21 року (у середньому — (7,07 ± 4,61) року, медіана — 6 років). Пацієнтів розподілили на дві групи: 21 (32,31 %) особа з неерозивною ГЕРХ та ІХС і 44 (67,69 %) особи з ерозивною ГЕРХ та ІХС. В обох групах у жінок виявлено в середньому нижчий рівень кардіоваскулярного ризику (КВР) за різними шкалами та вищий відсотковий рівень 10-річної виживаності, що асоціюється з модифікованими чинниками ризику (тютюнокуріння, зловживання алкоголем, індекс маси тіла, неправильне харчування, низька фізична активність, порушення ліпідного обміну). Визначено залежність тяжкості синдрому обструктивного апное/гіпопное сну (СОАГС) від ендоскопічної форми ГЕРХ (p = 0,0007) і ступеня порушень сну від клініко-морфологічних виявів ГЕРХ (p = 0,0498). Отримані дані вказують на фактичність важливих транснозологічних механізмів формування коморбідності ГЕРХ та ІХС: підвищення КВР і ступеня коморбідності на тлі порушень ліпідного спектра та синтезу низки нейрогормонів, наявність кардіальних («кардіальна маска») та легеневих («легенева маска») виявів, депресивних розладів та порушень сну.Висновки. Чинником несприятливого перебігу коморбідності ГЕРХ та ІХС є СОАГС як один з варіантів інсомнії. Це один із транснозологічних механізмів, котрий спричиняє численні органічні й функціональні систематичні порушення. При коморбідності ГЕРХ та ІХС тяжкість інсомнії і депресії залежить від віку хворого, тривалості ІХС та індексу маси тіла (p < 0,05). При різних формах ГЕРХ наявні статистично значущі відмінності за основними діагностичними параметрами тяжкості СОАГС. Тяжкість СОАГС асоцію­ється з ендоскопічною формою ГЕРХ (p = 0,0007). Існує залежність ступеня порушень сну від клініко-морфологічних виявів ГЕРХ (p = 0,0498). Зростання ступеня коморбідності пропорційне збільшенню ймовірності летальності (r = 0,782; p < 0,001). Коригування показників коморбідності та чинників КВР дає змогу точніше визначити прогноз поєднаного захворювання та суттєво поліпшити ефективність лікувально-профілактичних заходів.

Published
2018

22. Staging of Schizophrenia With the Use of PANSS: An International Multi-Center Study

Author

Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wikilund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, De Hert, M, Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wikilund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, and De Hert, M

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: A specific clinically relevant staging model for schizophrenia has not yet been developed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the factor structure of the PANSS and develop such a staging method. METHODS: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries contributed 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Analysis of covariance, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Discriminant Function Analysis, and inspection of resultant plots were performed. RESULTS: Exploratory Factor Analysis returned 5 factors explaining 59% of the variance (positive, negative, excitement/hostility, depression/anxiety, and neurocognition). The staging model included 4 main stages with substages that were predominantly characterized by a single domain of symptoms (stage 1: positive; stages 2a and 2b: excitement/hostility; stage 3a and 3b: depression/anxiety; stage 4a and 4b: neurocognition). There were no differences between sexes. The Discriminant Function Analysis developed an algorithm that correctly classified >85% of patients. DISCUSSION: This study elaborates a 5-factor solution and a clinical staging method for patients with schizophrenia. It is the largest study to address these issues among patients who are more likely to remain affiliated with mental health services for prolonged periods of time.

Published
2019

29. Multi-centre clinical assessment of the Russian language version of the Diagnostic Interview for Psychoses

Author

Smirnova, D. A., primary, Petrova, N. N., additional, Pavlichenko, A. V., additional, Martynikhin, I. A., additional, Dorofeikova, M. V., additional, Eremkin, V. I., additional, Izmailova, O. V., additional, Osadshiy, Yu. Yu., additional, Romanov, D. V., additional, Ubeikon, D. A., additional, Fedotov, I. A., additional, Sheifer, M. S., additional, Shustov, A. D., additional, Yashikhina, A. A., additional, Clark, M., additional, Badcock, J., additional, Watterreus, A., additional, Morgan, V., additional, and Jablensky, A., additional

Published
2018
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30. English version: influence of metformin on lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation in the liver tissues of mice on a diet rich in fructose

Author

Shlykova, O., Mikityuk, M., Bobrova, N., Izmailova, O., Mamontova, T., Baranova, A., Vesnina, L., and Kaidashev, I.

Abstract

The effect of metformin on lipid metabolism and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the liver tissue of mice that were on a diet rich in fructose (DRF) (60 g fructose / 100 g of food) has been studied. The concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), ceruloplasmin (CP), glucose in serum and mRNA expression of inhibitor of NF-kB (IkBα), mRNA of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) have been determined in homogenates of liver tissues in 3-months-aged mice of BALBc line weighing 25-30 g. It has been demonstrated that increasing the content of fructose in the diet leads to increased concentrations of glucose, TC and TG in the blood of mice. Manifestations of systemic inflammatory response become stronger, as evidenced by the increase in CP in the blood serum and the expression level of mRNA of TNFα in liver tissues of animals that were on a DRF. Metformin in the dose of 50 mg / kg per day reduced the production of triglycerides in the blood serum of mice that were on a DRF; it contributed to the normalization of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Administering metformin caused anti-inflammatory effect by lowering serum CP and expression of mRNA of TNFα in liver tissues of these animals. Thus, the data suggest the protective effect of metformin on lipid metabolism and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors associated with NF-kB-signaling pathway in the liver tissues of mice which were on a DRF.

Published
2014

34. Количественный анализ некоторых групп микроорганизмов, выделенных из атеро-склеротически изменённых коронарных артерий больных в зависимости от ASP299GLY полиморфизма гена TLR4

Author

Скочко, O. V., primary, Vesnina, L. E., additional, Bobrova, N. O., additional, Shlykova, O. A., additional, Mamontova, T. V., additional, Izmailova, O. V., additional, and Kaidashev, I. P., additional

Published
2012
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36. TLR4 896A/ G gene polymorphism, rather than the TLR4 1196C/ T and TLR2 2258G/ A gene polymorphisms, determines the severe and aggravated course of atopic dermatitis in children.

Author

Levchenko, L., Izmailova, O., Shlykova, O., and Kaidashev, I.

Abstract

The frequencies of the TLR2 gene 2258G/ A and the TLR4 gene 1196C/ T and 896A/ G polymorphisms in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) were studied against controls. It was established after analyzing the distribution of the TLR2 and TLR4 genotypes and alleles that the TLR4 gene's mutant 896G allele is reliably more frequently detected in children with AD who are susceptible to acute respiratory viral infections (9.3%), compared to the control group (χ = 4.33; p = 0.038). An analysis of the clinical manifestations of the disease and their associations has shown a higher frequency of its mild course ( p = 0.0001) in children with AD who have normal body resistance and of a moderately severe course ( p = 0.0033), as well as of concomitant allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or bronchial asthma (BA) ( p = 0.0355) and concomitant AR ( p = 0.0673), in AD patients with higher susceptibility to acute respiratory viral infections. A severe course of the disease ( p = 0.0485), associated with adenoid vegetation in combination with AR and/or BA ( p = n0.0248) and concomitant adenoid vegetation in combination with AR ( p = 0.0053), was more frequent in AD patients with the TLR4 gene's mutant 896G allele, compared to patients with a 'wild'-type allele. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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41. Long-Term Administration of Omeprazole-Induced Hypergastrinemia and Changed Glucose Homeostasis and Expression of Metabolism-Related Genes.

Author

Kabaliei A, Palchyk V, Izmailova O, Shynkevych V, Shlykova O, and Kaidashev I

Subjects
Animals, Male, Mice, Insulin metabolism, Insulin blood, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 chemically induced, Glucose Tolerance Test, Proton Pump Inhibitors pharmacology, Proton Pump Inhibitors adverse effects, Glucose metabolism, Omeprazole pharmacology, Omeprazole adverse effects, Gastrins blood, Gastrins metabolism, Homeostasis drug effects, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Blood Glucose metabolism, Insulin Resistance
Abstract

Introduction: PPIs, or proton pump inhibitors, are the most widely prescribed drugs. There is a debate regarding the relationship between long-term PPI use and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A potential connection between T2DM and PPIs could be an elevated gastrin concentration. This study is aimed at investigating the long-term effects of PPI omeprazole (OZ) on glucose homeostasis and pancreatic gene expression profile in mice., Methods: Healthy adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three equal groups ( n = 10 in each one): (1) experimental mice that received OZ 20 mg/kg; (2) control mice that received 30  μ l saline per os; (3) intact mice without any interventions. Mice were treated for 30 weeks. Glucose homeostasis was investigated by fasting blood glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), and basal insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum gastrin and insulin concentration were determined by ELISA. Expressions of Sirt1 , Pparg , Nfκb1 (p105) , Nfe2l2 , Cxcl5 , Smad3 , H2a.z , and H3f3b were measured by RT-PCR., Result: The ROC analysis revealed an increase in fasting blood glucose levels in OZ-treated mice in comparison with control and intact groups during the 30-week experiment. A slight but statistically significant increase in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity was observed in OZ-treated mice within 30 weeks of the experiment. The mice treated with OZ exhibited significant increases in serum insulin and gastrin levels, accompanied by a rise in the HOMA-IR level. These animals had a statistically significant increase in Sirt1 , Pparg , and Cxcl5 mRNA expression. There were no differences in β -cell numbers between groups., Conclusion: Long-term OZ treatment induced hypergastrin- and hyperinsulinemia and increased expression of Sirt1 , Pparg , and Cxcl5 in mouse pancreatic tissues accompanied by specific changes in glucose metabolism. The mechanism of omeprazole-induced Cxcl5 mRNA expression and its association with pancreatic cancer risk should be investigated., Competing Interests: The authors declared no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Alina Kabaliei et al.)

Published
2024
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43. Perceived Psychological Well-Being in Patients with Hemodynamically Insignificant Carotid Arteries Stenosis.

Author

Germanova OA, Fedorina M, Davydkin IL, Markina E, Izmailova O, and Galati G

Subjects
Male, Humans, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Carotid Artery, Internal diagnostic imaging, Carotid Artery, Internal pathology, Constriction, Pathologic pathology, Psychological Well-Being, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex, Carotid Stenosis diagnostic imaging, Carotid Stenosis pathology
Abstract

Background: Analysis of the perception of the disease in borderline stenosis of the orifice of the internal carotid artery (ICA) (up to 69% in diameter) in asymptomatic patients., Subjects and Methods: 48 patients (28 men and 20 women). Group 1: stenosis up to 49% - 23 people (13 men, 10 women), mean age 50.4±16.1 y.o. Group 2: stenosis 50-59% - 18 people (10 men, 8 women), mean age 57.3±16 y.o. Group 3: stenosis 60-69% - 7 people (5 men, 2 women), mean age 61±12.3 y.o. All patients underwent ultrasound Doppler of brachiocephalic arteries, examination with Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire E. Broadbent (Russian version)., Results: According to the results of examination of patients with ICA stenosis, patients with more pronounced lesions (60-69%) more often have a type of reaction "negative attitude to the consequences of the disease"., Conclusions: The majority of patients (54.2%) have a "negative type of attitude towards the consequences of the disease". This type of attitude to the disease is most pronounced in women and patients with stenosis of the ICA 60-69%. It is necessary to perform the psychological work with patients with carotid stenosis in order to form in them more adaptive types of perception of the disease, understanding of the disease and a positive attitude towards treatment.

Published
2023

44. Application of SF-36 Health Status Survey in Patients with Arterial Hypertension.

Author

Germanova OA, Vukolova YY, Strelnik A, Izmailova O, Gubareva IV, and Galati G

Subjects
Male, Humans, Female, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Surveys, Cholesterol, Risk Factors, Quality of Life, Hypertension epidemiology
Abstract

Background: To estimate quality of life (QOL) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) using SF-36 Health Status Survey., Subjects and Methods: We included 268 patients (144 men, 124 women) with grade 1-3 AH (subgroup 1 - with coronary stenosis less than 50% (n=158), subgroup 2 - with coronary artery stenosis of 50% or more (n=110)). In the control group - 80 people (47 men, 33 women) without AH. Laboratory and instrumental methods included total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, creatinine, electrocardiography, echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound of brachiocephalic arteries, stress echocardiography with physical exercises and coronary angiography. For QOL evaluation we used SF-36 Health Status Survey., Results: According to the results of the SF-36 Health Status Survey, when assessing physical (PH) and mental (MH) among the groups, there was a significant decrease in summary points in patients of subgroup 2, in whom, according to coronary angiography, it was revealed stenosis of the carotid arteries 50% and more. Anxiety and depression predominated in men. Patients with corrected cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, as well as after coronary angioplasty, were assessed for QOL with limited physical activity, but with high social functioning., Conclusions: AH, especially with hemodynamically significant atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries are the predictors for QOL worsening in cardiological patients, mostly in men. Using of the international questionnaire "SF-36 Health Status Survey" is advisable to assess the QOL in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In this sense, the interaction of a cardiologist and a psychotherapist is appropriate and justified for the most optimal management of a patient with this pathology.

Published
2023

45. Comparing the Anti-Depressive Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Versus Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in the Treatment of Patients with Depression.

Author

Chigareva O, Smirnova D, Astafeva D, Gradinar A, Izmailova O, Sheyfer M, Cumming P, Sack A, and Gayduk AJ

Subjects
Humans, Antidepressive Agents, Depression therapy, Prospective Studies, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Treatment Outcome, Depressive Disorder, Major psychology, Electroconvulsive Therapy methods
Abstract

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for depressive disorders. However, ECT has a number of limitations, such as significant side effects in the neurocognitive domain and the requirement for general anesthesia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an intervention that applies electric stimulation to the brain without causing convulsions, thus representing an attractive alternative to ECT. The aim of our study is to review systematic reports of the effectiveness of ECT and TMS in the treatment of depressive spectrum disorders., Subjects and Methods: We performed search queries in PubMed and eLibrary databases, which retrieved 391 articles, of which 14 met our inclusion criteria for the analysis. The articles comprised three comparisons: TMS vs SHAM, ECT vs sham ECT (SECT), and ECT vs PHARM. The protocol parameters analyzed for TMS were coil type, targeted brain area, amplitude of resting motor threshold, duration of session, number of sessions in total and per week, number and pulses per session and inter-train pause. For ECT, we evaluated the type of ECT device, targeted brain area, type of stimuli, and for ECT vs PHARM we recorded types of anesthesia and antidepressant medication., Results: Three of 6 studies showed a therapeutic effect of TMS compared to placebo; efficacy was greater for TMS frequency exceeding 10 Hz, and with stimulation of two areas of cerebral cortex rather than a single area. There was insufficient data to identify a relationship between the success of TMS and intertrain pause (IP). Three of four studies showed a therapeutic effect of ECT compared to placebo. Three studies of bilateral ECT showed a significant reduction in depression scores compared to the SECT groups. ECT protocols with brief pulses were generally of lesser efficacy. Four of 5 ECT vs PHARM studies showed superior efficacy of ECT compared to PHARM. Among several antidepressants, only the ketamine study showed greater efficacy compared to ECT., Conclusions: There of six TMS studies and 7 of 9 ECT studies showed efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms. A prospective study of crossover design might reveal the relative efficacies of ECT and TMS.

Published
2023

46. Expression of periferal core molecular clock genes in oral mucosa depends on the chronotype in patients with maxillofacial cellulitis.

Author

Lokes K, Lychman V, Izmailova O, Shlykova O, Avetikov D, and Kaidashev I

Abstract

Introduction: Accurate determination of the patient's chronotype is one of the problems of personalized medicine. Recent studies have shown that determining of the expression of timing genes is a valuable method that can help gain molecular insight into a patient's intrinsic circadian timing. Odontogenic cellulitis is very common pathology. Since acute inflammatory diseases are an urgent pathology, the time of surgical intervention can correspond depend on the time of the patient's hospitalization., Materials and Methods: The level of mRNA expression of peripheral circadian clock genes clock and bmal1, per1, cry1 in buccal epithelial cells in patients with odontogenic purulent inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial area in the morning and evening was investigated., Results: During analyzing the results of the mRNA expression study of the genes of the negative regulatory link of the peripheral molecular clock, per1 and cry1, in patients with Cellulitis of the maxillofacial area, a significant decrease (P = 0.0003) in the mRNA expression level of the cry1 gene by 2.61 times in the evening compared to its morning mRNA expression values., Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that in patients with odontogenic purulent inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area with an evening chronotype, a violation of the expression profile of the per1 gene in the cells of the buccal epithelium is noted, which is manifested by an increase in its evening expression in comparison with patients with a morning chronotype., Competing Interests: All authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Published
2023
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47. PPARG stimulation restored lung mRNA expression of core clock, inflammation- and metabolism-related genes disrupted by reversed feeding in male mice.

Author

Shlykova O, Izmailova O, Kabaliei A, Palchyk V, Shynkevych V, and Kaidashev I

Subjects
Animals, Male, Mice, Dimercaprol, Inflammation genetics, Interleukin-6, Lung, Pioglitazone pharmacology, RNA, Messenger, PPAR gamma genetics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Abstract

The circadian rhythm system regulates lung function as well as local and systemic inflammations. The alteration of this rhythm might be induced by a change in the eating rhythm. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a key molecule involved in circadian rhythm regulation, lung functions, and metabolic processes. We described the effect of the PPARG agonist pioglitazone (PZ) on the diurnal mRNA expression profile of core circadian clock genes (Arntl, Clock, Nr1d1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Per2) and metabolism- and inflammation-related genes (Nfe2l2, Pparg, Rela, and Cxcl5) in the male murine lung disrupted by reversed feeding (RF). In mice, RF disrupted the diurnal expression pattern of core clock genes. It decreased Nfe2l2 and Pparg and increased Rela and Cxcl5 expression in lung tissue. There were elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, total cells, macrophages, and lymphocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with a significant increase in vascular congestion and cellular infiltrates in male mouse lung tissue. Administration of PZ regained the diurnal clock gene expression, increased Nfe2l2 and Pparg expression, and reduced Rela, Cxcl5 expression and IL-6, TNF-alpha, and cellularity in BAL. PZ administration at 7 p.m. was more efficient than at 7 a.m., (© 2023 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.)

Published
2023
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49. Polymorphism of tmprss2 (rs12329760) but not ace2 (rs4240157), tmprss11a (rs353163) and cd147 (rs8259) is associated with the severity of COVID-19 in the Ukrainian population.

Author

Kaidashev I, Izmailova O, Shlykova O, Kabaliei A, Vatsenko A, Ivashchenko D, Dudchenko M, Volianskyi A, Zelinskyy G, Koval T, and Dittmer U

Subjects
Humans, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 genetics, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A genetics, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A metabolism, Polymorphism, Genetic, Serine genetics, Oxygen, Membrane Proteins genetics, Serine Proteases genetics, Serine Endopeptidases genetics, COVID-19 genetics
Abstract

Background and Aim: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine 2 and serine 11A proteases (TMPRSS2, TMPRSS11A), and a cell surface cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) might be a gene candidate that exerts the susceptibility to and mortality from coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between ace2, tmprss2, tmprss11a, and cd147 polymorphic variants and the severity of COVID-19 in the Ukrainian population., Methods: The study population consisted of the Ukrainian population with COVID-19: patients without oxygen therapy (n=62), with non-invasive (n=92) and invasive (n=35) oxygen therapy, as well as control subjects (n=92). Allelic polymorphisms of ace2 rs4240157, tmprss2 rs12329760, and tmprss11a rs353163 were determined by real-time PCR, and cd147 rs8259 polymorphism was detected by PCR with subsequent restrictase analysis. We compared investigated polymorphisms distribution with other populations by meta-analysis., Results: Our study is the first to obtain data about the distribution of investigated gene polymorphisms in the Ukrainian population: tmprss2 rs12329760 - CC 60.9%, CT 35.9%, TT 3.2%; tmprss11a rs353163 - CC 46.7%, CT 40.2%, TT 13.1%; ace2 rs4240157 - CC 7.6%, C 18.5%, CT 22.8%, TT 19.6%, T 31.5%; cd147 rs8259 - TT 60.9%, AT 32.6%, AA 6.5%. This distribution was similar to the Northern, Western and Southern European populations. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of tmprss2 polymorphic genotypes CC 57.1%, CT 28.6%, and TT 14.3% (P<0.05) in COVID-19 patients with invasive oxygen therapy in comparison with non-invasive oxygen therapy. This tmprss2 mutation occurs in the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain and might be important for protein-protein interaction in a calcium-dependent manner., Conclusions: Our study indicated the presence of an association between the tmprss2 rs12329760 polymorphism and the severity of COVID-19 in the Ukrainian population.

Published
2023
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50. Gender, age at onset, and duration of being ill as predictors for the long-term course and outcome of schizophrenia: an international multicenter study.

Author

Fountoulakis KN, Dragioti E, Theofilidis AT, Wiklund T, Atmatzidis X, Nimatoudis I, Thys E, Wampers M, Hranov L, Hristova T, Aptalidis D, Milev R, Iftene F, Spaniel F, Knytl P, Furstova P, From T, Karlsson H, Walta M, Salokangas RKR, Azorin JM, Bouniard J, Montant J, Juckel G, Haussleiter IS, Douzenis A, Michopoulos I, Ferentinos P, Smyrnis N, Mantonakis L, Nemes Z, Gonda X, Vajda D, Juhasz A, Shrivastava A, Waddington J, Pompili M, Comparelli A, Corigliano V, Rancans E, Navickas A, Hilbig J, Bukelskis L, Stevovic LI, Vodopic S, Esan O, Oladele O, Osunbote C, Rybakowski JK, Wojciak P, Domowicz K, Figueira ML, Linhares L, Crawford J, Panfil AL, Smirnova D, Izmailova O, Lecic-Tosevski D, Temmingh H, Howells F, Bobes J, Garcia-Portilla MP, García-Alvarez L, Erzin G, Karadağ H, De Sousa A, Bendre A, Hoschl C, Bredicean C, Papava I, Vukovic O, Pejuskovic B, Russell V, Athanasiadis L, Konsta A, Fountoulakis NK, Stein D, Berk M, Dean O, Tandon R, Kasper S, and De Hert M

Subjects
Humans, Female, Male, Age of Onset, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Schizophrenia diagnosis, Schizophrenia epidemiology
Abstract

Background: The aim of the current study was to explore the effect of gender, age at onset, and duration on the long-term course of schizophrenia., Methods: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries representing all continents participated in the study that included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with a DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia; the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale as well as relevant clinicodemographic data were gathered. Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used, and the methodology corrected for the presence of potentially confounding effects., Results: There was a 3-year later age at onset for females ( P  < .001) and lower rates of negative symptoms ( P  < .01) and higher depression/anxiety measures ( P  < .05) at some stages. The age at onset manifested a distribution with a single peak for both genders with a tendency of patients with younger onset having slower advancement through illness stages ( P  = .001). No significant effects were found concerning duration of illness., Discussion: Our results confirmed a later onset and a possibly more benign course and outcome in females. Age at onset manifested a single peak in both genders, and surprisingly, earlier onset was related to a slower progression of the illness. No effect of duration has been detected. These results are partially in accord with the literature, but they also differ as a consequence of the different starting point of our methodology (a novel staging model), which in our opinion precluded the impact of confounding effects. Future research should focus on the therapeutic policy and implications of these results in more representative samples.

Published
2022
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