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133. Ixodes loricatus Neumann, 1899. Neotropical: 1) Argentina, 2) Brazil. 3) Paraguay, 4) Uruguay (Guglielmone et al. 2011, 2021, Fonseca et al. 2020). Ixodes loricatus was thought to be distributed from southern Argentina to southern Mexico (Guglielmone et al. 2003), but it was later found that this species’ geographic distribution is restricted to eastern South America (Guglielmone et al. 2011). A record of Ixodes loricatus from southern Mexico in Onofre-Barragán (2015) was treated as a diagnostic error in Guglielmone et al. (2021), while this species’ presence in Colombia (Acevedo-Gutiérrez et al. 2020) requires confirmation; both countries are here considered outside the range of Ixodes loricatus., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 5251 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7704190, {"references":["Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294.","Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. & Diaz, M. M. (2011) Relationships of South American marsupials (Didelphimorphia, Microbiotheria and Paucituberculata) and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) with distribution of four species of Ixodes. Zootaxa, 3086, 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3086.1.1","Fonseca, M. S., Bahiense, T. C., Silva, A. A. B., Onofrio, V. C., Barral, T. D., Souza, B. M. P., Lira da Silva, R. M., Biondi, I., Meyer, R. & Portela, R. W. (2020) Ticks and associated pathogens from rescued wild animals in rainforest fragments of northeastern Brazil. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7 (article 117), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fvets. 2020.00177","Guglielmone, A. A., Estrada-Pena, A., Keirans J. E. & Robbins, R. G. (2003) Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of the Neotropical Zoogeographic Region. Special Publication of the Integrated Consortium on Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases- 2, Atalanta, Houten, The Netherlands, 173 pp.","Onofre-Barragan, B. (2015) Estudio preliminar de artropodos de importancia veterinaria en El Carmen, Municipio de Xochistlahuaca, Guerrero, Mexico. Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Entomologia (Nueva Serie), 1, 118 - 121.","Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. & Robbins, R. G. (2021) Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). A critical analysis of their taxonomy, distribution, and host relationships. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, 486 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 72353 - 8","Acevedo-Gutierrez, L. Y., Paternina, L. E., Perez-Perez, J. C., Londono, A. F., Lopez, G. & Rodas, J. D. (2020) Garrapatas duras (Acari: Ixodidae) de Colombia, una revision a su conocimiento en el pais. Acta Biologica. Colombiana, 25, 126 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.15446 / abc. v 25 n 1.75252"]}

The aim of this study was the detection of Rickettsia in ticks of sigmodontine rodents from Northeastern Buenos Aires province, Argentina. A total of 222 rodents were captured collecting 10 ticks identified as Ixodes loricatus Neumann, which were analysed by the real-time PCR and conventional PCR techniques. DNA of Rickettsia bellii was detected in nymphs obtained from the rodents Akodon azarae Fischer, Oxymycterus rufus Fischer and Deltamys kempi Thomas. This is the first report of R. bellii infecting I. loricatus in Argentina and the first report of this bacterium associated with ticks of sigmodontine rodents. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar Rickettsia en garrapatas de roedores sigmodontinos del Noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se capturaron 222 roedores colectando 10 garrapatas identificadas como Ixodes loricatus Neumann, las cuales fueron analizadas por las técnicas de PCR real-time y PCR convencional. Se detectó ADN de Rickettsia bellii en ninfas de obtenidas de los roedores Akodon azarae Fischer, Oxymycterus rufus Fischer y Deltamys kempi Thomas. Este es el primer reporte de R. bellii infectando I. loricatus en Argentina y el primer reporte de esta bacteria asociada a garrapatas de roedores sigmodontinos Fil: Melis, Mauricio Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Sebastian, Patrick Stephan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Balcazar, Dario Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina Fil: Lareschi, Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina Fil: Nava, Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Micoplasmas hemotrópicos (hemoplasmas) são bactérias gram-negativas e pleomórficas que se aderem a superfície dos eritrócitos de mamíferos, incluindo seres humanos. Em gambás, duas espécies de hemoplasmas já foram descritas ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemodidelphidis’ em gambás (Didelphis virginiana) da Vírginia (EUA) e ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemoalbiventris’ em gambás-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) do Sul e Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Apesar de os hemoplasmas terem o potencial de causar anemia hemolítica nos animais infectados, ainda não está estabelecido o potencial clínico da infecção em gambás do Brasil. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os gambás (Didelphis spp.) do município de Curitiba (Paraná) para hemoplasmas. Para isso, foi realizada a captura de marsupiais de acordo com protocolos de contenção e anestesia específicos, coleta e identificação de carrapatos e coleta de sangue de sete gambás-de-orelha-branca. DNA foi extraído das amostras de sangue e posteriormente triado, utilizando um protocolo de PCR para o gene 16S rRNA de hemoplasmas. Três dos sete (42,85%) gambás estavam infestados por carrapatos adultos das espécies Ixodes loricatus (2 F) e Amblyomma dubitatum (1 F). Todas as amostras foram positivas para o gene endógeno de mamíferos gapdh e negativas para hemoplasma. O estudo envolverá ainda a triagem dos animais e carrapatos por PCR em tempo real.

129. Ixodes loricatus Neumann, 1899. A Neotropical species (see note below) whose adults are usually found on Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae; common hosts for larvae and nymphs are Didelphidae and Rodentia: Cricetidae. All parasitic stages have been found on Rodentia: Cricetidae and Muridae; adults alone have been recovered from Carnivora: Procyonidae, Cingulata: Dasypodidae, and Rodentia: Caviidae and Cuniculidae (Cooley & Kohls 1945, Guglielmone et al. 2014, Nava et al. 2017). There are no bona fide records of Ixodes loricatus causing human parasitism. M: Neumann (1899) F: Neumann (1899) N: Neumann (1899) L: Neumann (1899) Redescriptions M: Neumann (1911a), Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Aragão and Fonseca (1961a), Onofrio et al. (2006 a, 2009), Marques et al. (2004), Nava et al. (2017) F: Neumann (1911a), Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Boero (1957), Aragão and Fonseca (1961a), Onofrio et al. (2006 a, 2009), Marques et al. (2004), Nava et al. (2017) N: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Marques et al. (2004), Nava et al. (2017) L: Nuttall and Warburton (1911), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Marques et al. (2004) Note: Ixodes loricatus is an eastern South American species, and records outside this region are due to misidentifications or mislabeling, as explained in Guglielmone et al. (2011); therefore, inclusion of Ixodes loricatus in the identification keys for Panamanian (Fairchild et al. 1966) or Mexican (Guzmán-Cornejo & Robbins 2010) ticks is unjustified, and its presence in Colombia, as asserted by Acevedo-Gutiérrez et al. (2020) is not accepted here., Published as part of Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, pp. 1-322 in Zootaxa 4871 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4423340, {"references":["Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294.","Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246.","Nava, S., Venzal, J. M., Gonzalez-Acuna, D., Martins, T. F. & Guglielmone, A. A. (2017) Ticks of the Southern Cone of America. Elsevier Academic Press, London, San Diego, Cambridge, Oxford, 348 pp.","Neumann, L. G. (1911 a) Ixodidae. Das Tierreich, 26, 1 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 22339","Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075","Aragao, H. B. & Fonseca, F. (1961 a) Nota de ixodologia. VIII. Lista e chave para os representantes da fauna ixodologica brasileira. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 59, 115 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761961000200001","Onofrio, V. C., Labruna, M. B. & Barros-Battesti, D. M. (2006 a) Comentarios e chaves para as especies do genero Ixodes. In: Barros-Battesti, D. M., Arzua, M. & Bechara, G. H. (Eds.), Carrapatos de importancia medico-veterinaria da regiao neotropical: um guia ilustrada para identificacao de especies. Vox / ICTTD- 3 / Butantan, Sao Paulo, pp. 41 - 51.","Guglielmone, A. A., Robbins, R. G., Apanaskevich, D. A., Petney, T. N., Estrada-Pena, A. & Horak, I. G. (2009) Comments on controversial tick (Acari: Ixodida) species names and species described or resurrected from 2003 to 2008. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 48, 311 - 327. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 009 - 9246 - 2","Marques, S., Barros-Battesti, D. M., Onofrio V. C., Famadas, K. M., Faccini, J. L. H. & Keirans, J. E. (2004) Redescription of larva, nymph and adults of Ixodes (I.) loricatus Neumann, 1899 (Acari: Ixodidae) based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Systematic Parasitology, 59, 135 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / B: SYPA. 0000044430.05551.44","Boero, J. J. (1957) Las garrapatas de la Republica Argentina (Acarina: Ixodoidea). Departamento Editorial de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 113 pp.","Senevet, G. & Ripert, C. (1967 a) Les larves des especes du genre Ixodes. Essai de revue d'ensemble. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 79 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421079","Guglielmone, A. A., Nava, S. & Diaz, M. M. (2011) Relationships of South American marsupials (Didelphimorphia, Microbiotheria and Paucituberculata) and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) with distribution of four species of Ixodes. Zootaxa, 3086 (1), 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3086.1.1","Fairchild, G. B., Kohls, G. M. & Tipton, V. J. (1966) The ticks of Panama (Acarina: Ixodoidea). In: Wenzel, W. R. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 167 - 219.","Guzman-Cornejo, C. & Robbins, R. G. (2010) The genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mexico: adult identification keys, diagnoses, hosts and distribution. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81, 289 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2010.002.254","Acevedo-Gutierrez, L. Y., Paternina, L. E., Perez-Perez, J. C., Londono, A. F., Lopez, G. & Rodas, J. D. (2020) Garrapatas duras (Acari: Ixodidae) de Colombia, una revision a su conocimiento en el pais. Acta Biologica. Colombiana, 25, 126 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.15446 / abc. v 25 n 1.75252"]}

In this study we analyzed seasonal trends of immature stages of Ixodes loricatus parasitizing Akodon azarae (Sigmodontinae) in a locality of the Paraná Delta, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The data encompassed two consecutive years and the analysis included the control of potential confounders using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) with a negative binomial response. Larvae had within-year differences in abundance, but the peak months differed drastically between both sampling years, indicating that there was no consistent seasonal pattern. Regarding nymphs, a seasonal pattern was first apparent, but it vanished completely when potential confounders were considered, strongly suggesting that the association with season was spurious and caused by the confounders. Our results showed that the occurrence of immature I. loricatus in its hosts does not follow a distinct seasonal pattern, and highlight the usefulness of controlling for confounding and statistically assessing consistency between years when establishing tick seasonality. Fil: Colombo, Valeria Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina Fil: Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina Fil: Monje, Lucas Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades; Argentina Fil: Nava, Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina Fil: Beldomenico, Pablo Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina. Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades; Argentina

During 24 months 96 marsupials and 64 rodents were captured, inspected and set free in the same space of the Pedra Branca State Park, Rio de Janeiro. From them, 105 ticks from 10 species in two families were manually collected. The dominant tick species on the rodents was Amblyomma longirostre and on the marsupials was Ixodes loricatus. There was a significant correlation of the temperature in relation to intensity of parasitism for ticks, demonstrating that the higher the temperature, greater is the number of ticks.

RESUMO Trinta exemplares de Didelphis albiventris foram examinados para estudo de ixodídeos, no Município de Pelotas e adjacências, sul do Rio Grande do Sul, no período 2001-2003. Os carrapatos removidos da superfície externa dos gambás foram conservados em álcool etílico a 70°GL e identificados ao estereomicroscópio. Do total de gambás examinados, 43,33% estavam infestados com Ixodes loricatus, Amblyomma aureolatum e Amblyomma sp. (ninfas), com prevalências de 36,7%, 3,3% e 6,7%, respectivamente. A. aureolatum e I. loricatus foram registrados pela primeira vez parasitando D. albiventris no Rio Grande do Sul e A. aureolatum para o Brasil. I.loricatus foi o carrapato que apresentou maior prevalência, com predominância de formas adultas. D. albiventris foi a única espécie do gênero encontrada na região circunscrita, neste estudo. ABSTRACT Ectoparasites were examined in 30 Didelphis albiventris marsupials, for studying their ixodids, in the county of Pelotas and nearby areas, southern Rio Grande do Sul, in the period 2001-2003. The ticks removed from the external surface of the animals were conserved in ethylic alcohol 70°GL and identified under a stereomicroscope, according s to pecific keys. From all animals examined, 43.33% were infested with Ixodes loricatus, Amblyomma aureolatum and Amblyomma sp. (nymphs), with prevalences of 36.7%, 3.3% and 6.7%, respectively. A. aureolatum and I. loricatus were registered for the first time parasitizing D. albiventris inthesestate. I. loricatus was the tick with the highest prevalence on D. albiventris, with a predominance of adult forms. D. albiventris was the only species found in the region studied.

Larvae and nymphs of Ixodes loricatus Neumann, 1899 ticks (confirmed by morphological characters and by comparison of 16S mitochondrial rDNA sequences) were collected from Sigmodontinae Wagner, rodents in central and northern Argentina and Uruguay. A total of 100 larvae and 38 nymphs of I. loricatus were collected on the genera Akodon Meyen (n = 36 individuals), Calomys Waterhouse (n = 2), Oligoryzomys Bang (n = 12), Oxymycterus Waterhouse (n = 9), and Scapteromys Waterhouse (n = 13). 72 larvae and 18 nymphs were collected on Akodon. Adults of I. loricatus were found in central Argentina and Uruguay on Didelphimorphia of the genera Didelphis Linnaeus and Lutreolina Thomas. Ixodes loricatus has been considered a species with strict total specificity to Didelphimorphia. Our results show that this statement may not be justified. Sigmodontinae rodents are sympatric and share habitats with the phylogenetically distant Didelphimorphia; infestation with I. loricatus seems to be its consequence. We tentatively consider I. loricatus moderately specific to Didelphimorphia., Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores

Este é primeiro relato da ocorrência de Ixodes no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul e primeiro caso identificado de Ixodes loricatus Neumann, 1899, parasitando Didelphis albiventris no município de Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. This is first report of occurence of Ixodes in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul and first description of Ixodes loricatus Neumann, 1899, parasitizing Didelphis albiventris in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.

The following descriptions relate to a new species of Ixodes, to a new variety of Ixodes loricatus, to new species of Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus

A new tick, Amblyomma parkeri, n. sp., is described as a parasite of Coendu sp. from S. Paulo, Brazil. Female holotype, nymph and larva are described (Figs. 2 e 3). The n. sp. differs completly from Koch's species Amblyomma longirostre, the common parasite of the Erethizotidae. Standard data for measures of the female dorsal scutum ixodidae are proposed as follows (fig. 1): PA = Antero-posterior; PB = Postero-basal; PM = Postero-median; TT = Transversal; OO = Inter-ocular; OT= Occulo-transversal; SS = Inter-scapular; CC = Cervical; PT = Postero-transversal; ST = Scapulo-transversal; NPT = Normal to the postero-transversal; NST = Normal to the scapulo-transversal. In the female holotype the standard data are as follows: PA = 2.00 mm; PB = 2.26 mm; PM = 1.10 mm; TT = 2.20 mm; OO = 2.26 mm; SS = 0,84 mm; CC = 0.63 mm; SC = 0.12 mm; NPT = 0.20mm; STN = 0.1 mm. Peritrema 0.80 x 0.42 mm with a narrow postero-internal angle and a large, elongated macula. Coxa I with two short spines and all other coxae with only one shorter spine, shortest in coxa IV. Hypostoma spatulated with formula 3/3. Gnathosoma 1.42 mm long and basis 0.63 mm long by 0.84 greatest wide. Palpi with smoth external surface, 1.00 mm long. Type lot No. 4458 from Cotia, S. Paulo, Brazil; in the acarological collection of the Escola Paulista de Medicina, S. Paulo. Ixodes didelphidis, n. sp., differing from Ixodes loricatus Neumann by the shape of the peritremata (figs. 4 a 5) of the male and female and by the number of the punctations in this organ is described form Didelphidae, Muridae and Cavidae. Twenty eight lots were obtained from Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil, where I. loricatus is subtituded by the n. sp. under description. Comparison with NEUMANN'S types of I. loricatus was possible through the courtesy of Prof. A. BRIZARD from Toulouse, who kindly loaned NEUMANN'S material. Female cotypes N° 40 and male allotype N° 531 in the Collection of Ixodidae of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute.