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Satoko Kawarasaki,1 Honami Sawazaki,1 Hiroaki Iijima,2 Su-Ping Ng,1 Jungin Kwon,1 Shinsuke Mohri,1 Mari Iwase,1 Huei-Fen Jheng,1 Haruya Takahashi,1 Wataru Nomura,1,3 Kazuo Inoue,1,3 Teruo Kawada,1,3 Tsuyoshi Goto1,3 1Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan; 2Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; 3Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8317, JapanCorrespondence: Tsuyoshi GotoLaboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, JapanTel +81-774-38-3753Fax +81-774-38-3752Email goto.tsuyoshi.6x@kyoto-u.ac.jpPurpose: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have various pleiotropic effects, including body weight reduction, and therefore have the potential to be used in various applications. However, such effects have not been fully investigated; thus, non-clinical studies using animal models are needed. In animal experiments, SGLT2 inhibitors are usually administered by oral or dietary methods. However, the detailed characteristics of these dosing methods, especially to induce their pleiotropic effects, have not been reported. Therefore, we compared the preventive effects of canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on body weight gain following oral gavage and dietary administration methods in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.Methods: Canagliflozin was dosed by oral gavage or dietary administration for 9 weeks to 6-week-old C57BL/6N mice fed a high-fat diet, and parameters related to obesity were evaluated.Results: The suppression of body weight gain, fat mass, and hepatic lipid content was observed following both dosing methods, whereas the effect on body weight tended to be stronger in the dietary administration group. In adipose tissue, fatty acid synthase expression was significantly decreased in the dietary administration group, and its expression was significantly correlated with fat mass. However, the expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation was unchanged, indicating that the preventive effect on body weight gain was mediated mainly through the suppression of lipid synthesis rather than the promotion of lipid oxidation.Conclusion: Canagliflozin prevented body weight gain through the suppression of lipid synthesis via both dosing methods, although there were some differences in the efficacy. The findings of our study can help to identify new mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors and potential applications.Keywords: SGLT2 inhibitor, obesity, dosing method

Phase equilibrium was investigated in the pseudo-ternary system of Na2MoO4-MoO3-La2O3 at 1073 K in air.

For a better understanding of phosphorus removal from hot metal, the Gibbs free energies of solid solutions between di-calcium silicate and tri-calcium phosphate were derived through applications of solutions models. The regular solution model with the parameters determined in this study gave the activities of the components thermodynamically consistent with the literature data and the phase diagrams.

After Kyoto protocol, many companies and institutions in the industrialized countries focused on the energy saving and the utilization of waste heat and materials widely for reducing the CO2 emission. In such a circumstance, it is key technology for reducing CO2 emission by using the waste materials efficiently such as a plastic and wood biomass.

Electrochemical measurements of the solid-oxide galvanic cell of the type Mo/Mo + MoO2/ZrO2 (MgO)/Fe + {Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-FexO} slag/Ag/Fe were conducted at 1673 K in order to obtain the activities of FexO in Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-FexO system. The iso-activity curves for FexO at 1673 K were determined for Na2O-(Al2O3 + SiO2)-FexO pseudo-ternary slags with an Al2O3/SiO2 molar ratio of 33/67.