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Background: A survey to identify factors affecting the cooperation of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Indonesia is crucial for enhancing this group’s dental care, oral health, and overall quality of life. However, limited culturally relevant instruments hinder such research. Purpose: This study aims to determine the essential domain needed to design a questionnaire instrument that can predict the cooperativity of children with ASD during dental procedures. Methods: Based on the literature and existing questionnaires, the newly developed questionnaire underwent forward–back translation, before being thoroughly reviewed by an expert committee. The response format, content, and question clarity were evaluated. A cross-sectional study with 30 parents of children with ASD was randomly conducted to test the questionnaire. The validity of each question was measured by the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, while its reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Each question within the domain showed varying degrees of validity: reading ability (r = 0.658), daily communication (r = 0.541), involvement in social activity (r = 0.360), daily self-care ability (r = 0.506), emotional status (r = 0.426), sensory responsiveness (r = 0.615), language comprehension (r = 0.362), and permission to be touched on the head at a barbershop (r = 0.458). The questions were found to be reliable (Cronbach’s alpha, r = 0.645 > 0.306). Conclusion: As prediction tools for assessing the cooperativity of children with ASD during dental procedures, the questionnaire should include the following items: communication and reading abilities, daily self-care, social activity, emotional status, sensory responsiveness and permission to be touched on the head at a barbershop.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in identifying and reconstructing legal arguments from judges’ reasons in court cases, focusing on the practical implications for law students and legal educators. By examining the performance of two versions of popular Large Language Models – ChatGPT and Claude – across five recent High Court of Australia decisions, the study makes a preliminary assessment of the accuracy of LLM systems in replicating a skill essential for lawyers: identification of arguments and argument chains in judges’ reasons. The methodology involves marking LLM-generated outputs with reference to both a sample answer and a detailed rubric. Key findings reveal a significant variance in the accuracy of different LLMs, with Claude 3.5 markedly outperforming all others, achieving average grades up to 90 per cent. In contrast, ChatGPT versions demonstrated lower accuracy, with average marks not exceeding 50 per cent. These results highlight the critical importance of selecting the right GAI system for legal applications, as well as the necessity for users to critically engage with AI outputs rather than relying solely on automated tools. The study concludes that while LLMs hold potential benefits for the legal profession, including increased efficiency and enhanced access to justice, for GAI use that may be carried out by a law student, the technology cannot yet replace the nuanced human skill of legal argument analysis.

The community service aims to introduce the application of biosafety and biosecurity and provide the ability to recognize livestock diseases simply with the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method in reducing the transmission of livestock diseases in East Lombok Regency. The implementation methods of the activities include a survey of the service location to identify problems, socialization of the program activity to the target community, education about biosecurity and biosafety, and an introduction to simple livestock disease detection based on community participation with PRA, then continued with training on applying simple biosecurity and biosafety and simple livestock disease detection methods with PRA proportional piling and matrix scoring methods. The data of PRA proportional piling and matrix scoring based on disease symptom data will be mapped and ranked using descriptive analysis. The results of this community service were obtained from members of The Pade Angen II Livestock Group could use personal protective equipment (PPE) correctly by 80%. The detection of disease based on symptoms using the proportional piling and matrix scoring methods obtained repeat breeding events with symptoms of repeated mating of 21%, helminthiasis with symptoms of worms of 14%, itching of 4%, diarrhea of 4%, and scabies with symptoms of itching of 8%. Foot and mouth disease was also still found with symptoms of wounds on the feet and salivation of 11%, miscarriage of 4% and fever of 1%, coccidiosis with symptoms of bloody diarrhea of 10%, colibacillosis with symptoms of diarrhea of 6%, bloat with symptoms of bloating of 3% and fever of 1%.

Indonesia's high vulnerability to flood disasters has significant social and educational impacts, especially on secondary school students. This research addresses the need for an effective flood disaster literacy tool by developing a credible and validated test instrument designed for high school geography education. Using the ADDIE model, this research involved the stages of review, creation, implementation, testing, and assessment. The study involved a sample of 30 students from SMA Negeri 1 Beber, Cirebon Regency, who were assessed for their understanding through a specially designed flood disaster literacy test. The results showed a mix of correct and incorrect answers, with notable variations in students' understanding. The test instrument showed high validity and reliability, with a KR-21 coefficient of 0.963, confirming its robustness. Despite a few invalid items, the instrument effectively evaluated key aspects of flood disaster literacy, including knowledge, attitudes and practical skills. The findings highlight strengths and areas for improvement in students' understanding, emphasising the need for targeted educational strategies. This research contributes to improving geography education by integrating disaster literacy and offers a foundation for future curriculum development.

Abstract Background Acute right ventricular myocarditis is rare, comprising only 18% of myocarditis cases. Despite being relatively infrequent at 12.4%, dengue-induced myocarditis has a high mortality risk of 26.4%. This report presents a novel case of acute fulminant right ventricular myocarditis due to severe dengue infection, complicated by dual electrical disturbances: complete heart block and ventricular tachycardia. Case report A 49-year-old Asian male patient was referred to our hospital with a temporary pacemaker due to a complete heart block. He had a history of recurrent syncope over three days and a fever five days before admission. Initial electrocardiography showed a total atrioventricular nodal block progressing to a high-degree atrioventricular block with a left bundle branch block, indicating an infra-Hisian block. Laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia, elevated troponin, high creatinine, increased liver transaminases, and a positive dengue nonstructural protein 1 test, confirming a diagnosis of dengue infection. Echocardiography showed reduced right ventricular systolic function, normal left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction: 50%), and dyskinetic intraventricular septum. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary anatomy. An endomyocardial biopsy was deferred due to severe thrombocytopenia. On the third day, the patient's condition worsened, developing cardiogenic shock and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction: 35%). He subsequently experienced a seizure and slow ventricular tachycardia originating from the right coronary cusp, followed by cardiac arrest. The patient’s family claimed not to resuscitate the patient. Furthermore, the patient died shortly after. Conclusion This case underscores the critical need for prompt diagnosis and aggressive management of clinically suspected acute fulminant right ventricular myocarditis because complications can rapidly progress to left ventricular systolic dysfunction, leading to cardiogenic shock and sudden cardiac death.

Abstract Background Iron-deficiency is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in non-communicable diseases. However, iron parameters are rarely assessed in dogs. Here, we aimed to assess and correlate iron parameters in dogs suffering from Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD) compared to non-atopic, healthy dogs. Results For this retrospective study, blood values and sera of 34 dogs with confirmed CAD were compared with 94 healthy non-atopic dogs. In our cohort, dogs with CAD had significantly lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV, ) mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) but higher white blood cell counts due to increased levels of circulating neutrophils and monocytes. CAD patients also had elevated total protein and c-reactive protein (CRP), but lower albumin levels compared to our healthy control dogs, indicated low-grade inflammation in the CAD cohort. Spearman correlations associated negatively clinical symptom (CADESI-4/PVAS) with MCV; ceruloplasmin and hepcidin, but positively with serum iron. Only in the CAD-cohort, MCV, CRP and albumin-levels negatively affected serum iron-levels and were positively associated with ceruloplasmin. Linear regression analysis revealed that serum iron-levels in CAD subjects, were positively dependent on hematocrit (packed cell volume, PCV) and albumin, and negatively dependent with white blood cells and neutrophils numbers. In contrast, in the healthy cohort, hepcidin was the sole factor associated with serum iron. Conclusions A decreased iron status was associated with a higher symptom burden. Iron homeostasis differed markedly in healthy and atopic dermatitis dogs. CAD patients had depleted iron-stores and presented themselves with subclinical inflammation.

Penataban Village is one of the neighborhoods located in the center of Banyuwangi. Although situated in the center of Banyuwangi, Penataban Village continues to uphold traditional customs and cultural practices, such as the Ider Bumi ceremony. According to Kridalaksana (2023:13), meaning refers to the speaker's intention, the influence of language units in understanding human perception or behavior, relationships in terms of similarities or differences between language and non-language contexts, or between speech and all that it denotes, or the way language symbols are used. This study employs a qualitative research method. The data source for this research is the Ider Bumi event held during the Suro month in Penataban Village, Banyuwangi. The data focuses on the aspects of the meaning of Ider Bumi during the Suro month in Penataban Village, Banyuwangi. Data collection methods include (1) documentation, (2) note-taking, and (3) interviews. The Ider Bumi ceremony takes place both at night and in the morning. The meaning of the Ider Bumi ceremony in Penataban Village differs from that in other villages. The Ider Bumi event in Penataban is specifically held on the first day of Sura. In addition to the nighttime village procession, there is a communal meal held in the morning. This tradition is an essential part of the cultural and social identity of Penataban Village. The harmonious relationship between humans and nature is demonstrated through the communal meal, where residents come together to share food made from local produce. Furthermore, the harmonious relationship between humans and spirituality is reflected in the procession, which includes recitations of istighfar (a form of seeking forgiveness), the call to prayer, and prayers at every corner of the village

Abstract Most published prediction models for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were poorly reported, at high risk of bias, and heterogeneous in model performance. To tackle methodological challenges faced in previous prediction studies, we investigated whether model updating and extending improves mortality prediction, using the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) as a proxy. All COVID-19 patients admitted to seven ICUs in the Euregio-Meuse Rhine during the first pandemic wave were included. The 4C Mortality and SEIMC scores were selected as promising prognostic models from an external validation study. Five predictors could be estimated based on cohort size. TRIPOD guidelines were followed and logistic regression analyses with the linear predictor, APACHE II score, and country were performed. Bootstrapping with backward selection was applied to select variables for the final model. Additionally, shrinkage was performed. Model discrimination was displayed as optimism-corrected areas under the ROC curve and calibration by calibration slopes and plots. The mortality rate of the 551 included patients was 36%. Discrimination of the 4C Mortality and SEIMC scores increased from 0.70 to 0.74 and 0.70 to 0.73 and calibration plots improved compared to the original models after updating and extending. Mortality prediction can be improved after updating and extending of promising models.

Cities, with their numerous activities and facilities, have inevitably driven urbanization. The World Bank notes that in 2022, 57% of the world's population live in urban areas, which is predicted to continue to increase, especially in developing countries. While urbanization has a positive impact on economic growth, it also brings negative consequences, such as informal settlement. Urban informal settlements are typically located along the riverbanks, railway lines, and on lands without legal rights. They often have limited access to basic infrastructures and services, such as clean water, sanitation, waste management, etc. This research examines the boundaries of formality, the concept of informality, the characteristics of informal cities, and the relationship between informal cities and the New Urban Agenda (NUA). The NUA aims to address urban planning challenges by prioritizing inclusive urban development, including improving the quality of informal settlements to enhance the quality of life in line with the Sustainable Development Goals of 11 (SDGs 11). This study used a qualitative approach by reviewing relevant sources, including articles, books, laws, regulations, and others. Study results highlight the importance of incorporating the interests of informal urban communities into the formal planning process to promote inclusiveness in urban development. Keywords: urbanization; informality; informal city; new urban agenda; inclusive Abstrak Kota dengan beragam aktivitas dan fasilitasnya secara tidak terelakan telah mendorong terjadinya urbanisasi. Bank Dunia mencatat bahwa di tahun 2022, 57% penduduk dunia tinggal di kota, dan angka ini diprediksi akan meningkat, khususnya di negara-negara berkembang. Urbanisasi selain membawa dampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, juga menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti misalnya permukiman informal. Permukiman informal perkotaan umumnya berlokasi di bantaran sungai, pinggiran rel kereta api, dan di atas lahan yang tidak memiliki kejelesan hak atas lahan. Permukiman semacam seringkali memiliki keterbatasan layanan dan infrastruktur dasar, seperti air bersih, sanitasi, persampahan, dan lainnya. Penelitian ini mengkaji batasan formalitas, konsep informalitas dan karakteristik kota informal, serta keterkaitannya terhadap Agenda Baru Perkotaan (New Urban Agenda (NUA)). NUA ditujukan untuk mengatasi tantangan perencanaan kota dengan mengedepankan pembangunan perkotaan inklusif, termasuk peningkatan kualitas permukiman informal guna meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat sesuai dengan tujuan ke-11 SDGs. Studi ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kajian sumber literatur yang relevan, termasuk artikel ilmiah, buku, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan berbagai sumber lain. Hasil studi menekankan pada perlunya mengakomodasi kepentingan komunitas informal kota dalam proses perencanaan formal sebagai wujud inklusivitas dalam pembangunan perkotaan. Kata kunci: urbanisasi; informalitas; kota informal; agenda baru perkotaan; inklusif

Objectives. The study aimed to provide a systematic review of physical training methods to improve the physical condition components of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. Materials and methods. An extensive literature assessment of earlier research was carried out. The objective was to examine articles published between 2020 and 2024 that describe strategies for improving the physical condition component of taekwondo athletes. The electronic search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The articles that addressed methods for enhancing physical condition through exercise were compiled. Results. Sixty publications used training approaches to enhance the physical condition component of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. Based on the physical state that is assessed and improved, items are categorized. Among the physical training methods that can be applied in the Taekwondo category of kyorugi are plyometric training, circuit training methods, speed, agility, and quickness (SAQ) training; strength training, endurance training, flexibility training, reaction training, power training, coordination training, balance training, resistance training, and functional training. Conclusions. After thorough analysis, several training techniques have been shown to be effective in enhancing the physical attributes of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. These attributes include flexibility, response, strength, power, coordination, agility, speed, balance, and VO₂max.

Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) adalah inovasi beton berupa beton cair memadat mandiri tanpa adanya bantuan alat penggetar berupa vibrator. Karakteristiknya yang cair memudahkan pada proses pengadukan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian kuat tekan, kuat tarik belah, dan kuat lentur beton SCC. Bahan yang ditambahkan ke dalam adukan adalah limbah serat kenaf dengan persentase 0%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75%, dan 1% serta superplasticizer consol N11 LN dengan persentase 1,25%. Masing-masing pengujian dibuat 4 sampel benda uji dengan pengujian pada umur 28 hari. Dari hasil pengujian kuat tekan beton SCC mengalami penurunan kuat tekan seiring dengan ditambahkannya variasi limbah serat kenaf. Pada pengujian kuat tarik belah dan kuat lentur beton SCC mengalami kenaikan seiring ditambahkannya variasi limbah serat kenaf. Pada penambahan LSK 1 tidak memenuhi syarat sebagai beton SCC dikarenakan diperoleh nilai slump flow 52,71 cm. Limbah serat kenaf pada kuat tekan beton SCC maksimum yaitu pada LSK 0,25 mencapai 27,61 MPa akan tetapi beton tanpa serat tetap yang mencapai kuat tekan tertinggi sebesar 28,69 MPa, sedangkan penggunaan limbah serat kenaf pada kuat tarik belah beton SCC maksimum yaitu pada LSK 0,75 mencapai 2,77 MPa, sedangkan penggunaan limbah serat kenaf pada kuat lentur beton SCC maksimum yaitu pada LSK 0,75 mencapai 4,29 MPa.

Background: Identifying pediatric talent in sports presents significant challenges due to the complex interaction of physical, psychological, and developmental factors. Research shows that traditional talent identification methods often result in low levels of accuracy, complicating the selection process for young athletes. Talent identification programs need to be conducted and monitored regarding their success. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the Indonesian Student Talent Identification Program in 2022. Methods: This research uses qualitative techniques with an evaluation approach using the Context model, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP). Data collection methods include questionnaires, interviews, document studies, and observations. There were 34 provinces, and the sample consisted of 4,500 student respondents representing each district and city by random sampling. Data analysis using frequency analysis description. Result: (1) Context Evaluation: It has a solid legal and policy basis, and the government's goals and objectives are good, but it still needs to be on target. (2) Input Evaluation: participants, organization, financing, and committee have yet to be well implemented and need to be improved by the development of student talent identification each year. (3) Process Evaluation: Sports match regulations must constantly be updated by the development of the Indonesian Student Identification Program in 2022; the implementation of matches still needs to be adequately maximized. (4) Product Evaluation: Increased community participation and interest in organizing national potential young athletes training centers every year, the role of the media in sports publication and promotion to the community is increasingly expanded, and the search for potential athletes from the community needs to be optimized. Conclusion: Based on the discussion, the process of the Indonesian Student Talent Identification Program mechanism in 2022 refers to the achievements obtained by students and athletes both at the national level.

There is no known artificial breeding method for depik fish Rasbora tawarensis. Sperm extender and the dilution ratio are crucial factors in the artificial breeding of fish. The current study aimed to assess the effect of several common fish sperm extenders and its dilution ratio on sperm characteristics and fertilization of depik fish eggs. Two series of experiments were performed to find the best extender and its dilution ratio. In the first experiment, five types of extenders were tested: Ringer’s solution, physiological solution, coconut water, sugarcane water, and roomie water. The second experiment studied four dilution levels of sperm and extender (v/v): 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, and 1:50. Every treatment was conducted in four replicates and the experiments were conducted consequently so that the findings in the first experiment were applied in the second. The first experiment showed that Ringer’s is the best extender for depik sperm with sperm motility, fertilization and hatching rates of 71.00%, 69.30%, and 53.66%, respectively; and the second experiment revealed that Ringer’s at dilution ratio 1:40 gave higher sperm motility, fertilization, and hatching rates of 74.66, 70.33, and 59.00%, respectively. In conclusion, Ringer’s solution was the most favorable extender for sperm which yielded best fertilization results at 1:40 dilution ratio (sperm:extender, v/v) in depik fish.

Abstract The impact of droughts and heatwaves on agriculture losses has been exacerbated by the occurrence of compound and cascading events. Here we present a study that evaluates the impact of these events both as singly and as compound and cascading on maize yield in Sinaloa Mexico from 1990 to 2022, using the WOFOST crop model. Drought and heatwave events were identified using the Standardized Precipitation Index and threshold method, respectively. Results show that yield reduction (25%) is found during extreme drought events, emphasizing the vulnerability of maize farming to unfavorable drought conditions. While heatwaves alone did not show a significant impact on maize yields, the compound and cascading droughts and heatwaves amplified the loss of maize yields by up to 44% compared to normal conditions. This study highlights the need for adaptive strategies in agriculture to sustain food security during extreme events, especially in the context of multi hazard framework.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Listen English Daily Practices app in enhancing the listening skills of teenage learners at Mulawarman University, East Borneo, Indonesia. This study uses a quasi-experimental method sampling frame using pre-test and post-test. In collecting data, researchers use the listening test as an instrument. The results show that 44% of the participants achieved their goals in accordance with the criteria outlined in the intervention. The study involved 54 students from the English Department who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The findings of the hypothesis imply that the use of the Mobile Listen English Daily Practice App improves students' comprehensive understanding of listening skills and could be more widely integrated into English language teaching to enhance students' listening skills.

Ultisols, including those of Langsa, Aceh, are known to have low fertility due to low pH, low available nutrients, low base saturation, high pH and exchangeable Al, and low cation exchange capacity. These problems can be alleviated by applying organic amendments to the soil. One of the soil amendments is biochar. This study aimed to elucidate the potential of oil palm and cacao waste biochar for improving the chemical properties of an Ultisol of Langsa, Aceh. Biochars generated from oil palm kernel shell (PKS), oil palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB), and cacao pod husk (CPH) were applied to the soil and incubated in the laboratory for 16 weeks. At 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after incubation, the changes in soil chemical properties were measured. The results showed that applying different types of biochar significantly improved the chemical properties of the Ultisol of Langsa. Specifically, PEFB biochar caused significant increases in soil pH (H2O and KCl), total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic C, and cation exchange capacity. These increases became more pronounced with longer incubation times. In addition, using PEFB biochar resulted in the lowest levels of exchangeable Al and Fe in the soil. These levels decreased further with longer incubation times. In general, PEFB biochar produced at a pyrolysis temperature of 450oC for 4 hours is the most effective biochar for improving the chemical properties of the Ultisol of Langsa.

Kapal perikanan merupakan modal utama dalam usaha penangkapan ikan. PT Jelajah Samudera Internasional, sebuah perusahaan galangan kapal pembangunan kapal fiberglass di Kabupaten Jepara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek kritis di galangan kapal PT Jelajah Samudera Internasional, termasuk sumber daya manusia, teknis pembangunan kapal fiberglass, dan kelayakan usaha melalui analisis deskriptif dan finansial, serta menyusun strategi pengembangan bisnis yang tepat. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dan purposive sampling. Analisis penelitian mencakup analisis finansial dan SWOT. Perhitungan aspek finansial dilakukan dengan metode NPV, PI, R/C ratio, PP, dan IRR, sementara analisis SWOT digunakan untuk menentukan strategi pengembangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Jelajah Samudera Internasional memiliki sumber daya manusia yang terorganisir dengan baik, dengan struktur organisasi yang jelas dan terdiri dari tenaga kerja tetap dan tidak tetap. Aspek teknis pembangunan kapal sesuai dengan standar, dengan proses laminasi menggunakan metode hand-lay up sesuai SNI 8961:2021 dan desain rancang kapal yang lengkap, termasuk lines plan, construction profile, transverse construction, general arrangement, desain poros propeller, dan sistem kelistrikan. Aspek ekonomi perusahaan juga layak, dengan nilai NPV sebesar Rp 10.113.527.932, IRR 16%, payback period 1,49 tahun, R/C ratio 1,53, dan profitability index 1,89. Strategi pengembangan usaha yang efektif menggunakan strategi kuadran I, yaitu dengan meningkatkan jumlah produksi kapal melalui pemanfaatan fasilitas dan tenaga kerja secara optimal. PT Jelajah Samudera Internasional memiliki delapan strategi pengembangan yang dapat dijalankan.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health issue with increasing prevalence worldwide. Aim: This study aims to investigate the potential of Tithonia diversifolia extract (TE) in lowering interleukin-35 (IL-35), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and haematological profile in streptozotocin-induced rats. Methods: A total of 24 rats were divided into four treatment groups: control (P0), diabetic induction (P1), diabetic induction + TE (P2), and diabetic induction + quercetin (P3). Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single-dose injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). TE treatment was administered orally for 7 days. On the 8th day post-treatment, all animals were euthanized, and blood samples were collected to assess inflammatory parameters, including IL-35, TNF-α, GPx, and hematological profiles. Kidney organs were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for histopathological analysis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's test (p < 0.05). Results: Evaluation of the hematological profile revealed significant improvements in the P2 and P3 groups, with decreased leukocytes, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as significantly lower IL-35 and TNF-α levels observed in diabetic rats following TE treatment. Conclusion: TE treatment exhibited promising effects in reducing inflammatory markers and restoring hematological parameters in diabetic rats, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent in diabetic rats. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2250-2255]

Sanggar bimbingan adalah salah satu tempat pendidikan alternatif bagi non-formal untuk anak pekerja ilegal Indonesia di Negara Malaysia. Tujuan penulisan artikel disini yaitu untuk mengetahui prose belajar mengajar di SB Sungai Mulia 5 Gombak pada mata pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran secara langsung menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning (PBL) yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berupa studi pustaka melalui metode observasi pada kelas 2. Hasil dari penulisan artikel disini yaitu Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning adalah pembelajaran yang menganut system student centered agar siswa menjadi aktif dan saling memberi motivasi yang dilaksanakan secara kooperatif.. Model PBL juga memotivasi dan mendorong siswa mengetahui keahlian yang dimiliki serta mengasah karya yang dimiliki dengan melaksanakan interaksi secara baik, lacar dan benar.

Abstract Switzerland is an ichthyosaur country: it has a rich record of marine reptile fossils, particularly the fish-shaped ichthyosaurs, and the according research. Here, we provide an overview over the 12 or more genera and at least 13 species plus numerous fragmentary remains of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic to the Cretaceous that have been discovered in twelve cantons thus far, of which four species are based on Swiss holotypes. This wealth of ichthyosaur species can be explained by their abundance in the Middle Triassic conservation deposits (Konservat Lagerstätte) of Monte San Giorgio, as well as occasional discoveries in strata of Middle Triassic to Early Cretaceous age. The moderate abundance of outcrops in reasonable conditions in combination with the long history of palaeontological research in Switzerland explains this good fossil record. In addition to this unique overview, we provide more data for further studies and update the knowledge of these taxa.

The preparation of the scientific essay (thesis) is the last phase in carrying out the duties as a student; the thesis itself is a scientific essay that must be written by a student as part of his/her academic final requirements. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach; qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by research subjects. The subjects of this study were English Education Students at Muhammadiyah University, North Maluku. The results of questionnaire statements and interviews found that the factors caused the students difficulties in writing scientific essay (thesis) were internal factors include students' understanding of grammar and students' ability to write thesis while external factors are from the environment which includes family, friends, and economic factors.

This research explored the life cycle analysis and environmental cost-benefit assessment of converting ash waste from hospital medical waste incineration into environmentally safe paving block raw materials. The growing concerns about medical waste disposal and its environmental impact necessitate innovative solutions for sustainable waste management. This research aimed to evaluate the feasibility and environmental implications of reusing hospital waste into raw materials for paving block mixtures. This research, a comprehensive life cycle analysis, examined the environmental impacts of medical waste collection for the production and use of paving blocks. Additionally, we conducted an environmental cost-benefit assessment to ascertain the economic feasibility and potential environmental impact forecasts of this recycling approach. The research results show that converting hospital medical waste ash into mixed raw materials for paving blocks not only immobilizes heavy metals but also provides a sustainable alternative for non-building materials. These findings highlight the potential for significant environmental and economic benefits, making this approach a promising strategy for waste management and sustainable construction practices. The cost of preventing environmental damage (eco-cost) in the process of converting ash from the incineration of medical waste into a mixture of raw materials for paving blocks is IDR 600,180.9 per cycle.

Domestic Violence (DV) as a form of crime that violates the rights of victims cannot be underestimated, the Police as law enforcement officers must be able to enforce the law fairly and beneficially for the integrity and peace of the household. Domestic violence crimes have a serious impact on family continuity and can even threaten the integrity of a family. This crime can occur at any time and happen to anyone, both men and women, but the majority of domestic violence victims are women. Women and children, as the majority of victims of domestic violence, have attracted international attention. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) regulates the scope of human rights and the state's obligation to ensure their fulfillment. This normative juridical method research aims to answer why the Police in law enforcement of domestic violence in Indonesia must be based on human rights, through several approaches such as the statutory approach and theoretical approach so that it can be concluded that domestic violence is a criminal offense between the perpetrator and the victim has a close relationship within the scope of the household. Indonesia as a state of law must uphold human rights. Pancasila as the spirit in resolving criminal acts of domestic violence has values that complement each other and qualify between one precept and another and each precept has human rights values. The fundamental values of Pancasila have created a harmonious life in a divine, humane, united, populist, and just manner, this of course has upheld the values of human rights in domestic violence law enforcement by the Police in Indonesia. Keywords: domestic violence, police, law enforcement, human rights

The population growth in Indonesia continues to increase every year, which causes a higher level of demand for civil buildings and houses. 3D concrete printing is an innovative construction method that has recently begun to be applied to the construction industry and has proven to be profitable in terms of optimizing construction time, cost, design flexibility and error reduction as well as being environmentally friendly. The geopolymer 3D printer is a 3D concrete printing machine specifically for extruding geopolymer mortar materials. This study aims to design a mechanical construction system for a 3D printer geopolymer machine. Geopolymer mortar has a unique strength compared to cement mortar and dries faster so it has better molding properties. The design of the cartesian type geopolymer 3D printer machine uses the VDI 2222 design method which consists of planning, conceptualizing, designing, and finishing. Based on this design method, a printing area of 5m x 5m x 3m is designed with a maximum printing speed of 100 mm/s. The results of this design meet the demands and are stated to be technically good in static calculations.

Abstract Uptake of nucleobases and ascorbate is an essential process in all living organisms mediated by SLC23 transport proteins. These transmembrane carriers operate via the elevator alternating-access mechanism, and are composed of two rigid domains whose relative motion drives transport. The lack of large conformational changes within these domains suggests that the interdomain-linkers act as flexible tethers. Here, we show that interdomain-linkers are not mere tethers, but have a key regulatory role in dictating the conformational space of the transporter and defining the rotation axis of the mobile transport domain. By resolving a wide inward-open conformation of the SLC23 elevator transporter UraA and combining biochemical studies using a synthetic nanobody as conformational probe with hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that interdomain-linkers control the function of transport proteins by influencing substrate affinity and transport rate. These findings open the possibility to allosterically modulate the activity of elevator proteins by targeting their linkers.

Abstract Galectin-3 and Suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST2) are known markers of cardiac fibrosis. We investigated the prognostic value of fibrotic markers for the development of diastolic dysfunction and long-term outcome in patients suffering an ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). We analyzed 236 patients from the GIPS-III cohort with available echocardiographic studies and plasma measurements at hospitalization and after 4 months follow-up. Adjusted logistic mixed effects modelling revealed no association between the occurrence of diastolic dysfunction over time with abnormal plasma levels of galectin-3 and ST2. We observed no differences regarding survival outcome at follow-up of 5 years between patients with normal versus abnormal values in both galectin-3 (P = 0.75), and ST2 (P = 0.85). In conclusion, galectin-3 and sST2 were not associated with the development of diastolic dysfunction in non-diabetic patients that presented with a STEMI.

Background and Aim: Zinc (Zn) is important for various physiological processes in broiler chickens, including protein and carbohydrate metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The gastrointestinal absorption of Zn in broiler chickens was notably low. One approach that has been explored for enhancing the bioavailability of Zn is the development of Zn nanoparticles (NPs). Zn is required for various physiological processes in broiler chickens, including protein and carbohydrate metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of conventional Zn and Zn NPs on broiler chickens using a meta-analysis methodology. Materials and Methods: A database was built from published literature to evaluate the effects of the addition of Zn NPs and conventional Zn on broiler chicken responses, including the following parameters: production performance; carcass cuts; visceral organ weight; lymphoid organ weight; nutrient digestibility; intestinal villi; mineral Zn, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations; hematology; blood parameters; immunoglobulin; and intestinal bacterial population. Various scientific platforms, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar, were used to search for peer-reviewed articles. A database was created from 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The data were then processed for a meta-analysis using a mixed-model methodology. Different types of Zn (NPs versus conventional) were considered fixed effects, different studies were treated as random effects, and p-values were used as model statistics. Results: Across the parameters observed in this study, the use of Zn NPs was more efficient in Zn utilization than conventional Zn, as evidenced by the average dose of Zn NPs being much lower than that of conventional Zn (79.44 vs. 242.76 mg/kg) yet providing similar (p > 0.05) or even significantly better effects (p < 0.05) compared to conventional Zn usage. Conclusion: This investigation revealed the beneficial influence of Zn NPs in broiler chickens compared to the conventional utilization of Zn through an all-encompassing meta-analysis. Moreover, Zn NPs have proven to be more effective in Zn utilization when juxtaposed with conventional Zn, as demonstrated by the significantly lower quantity of Zn NPs administered compared to conventional Zn, while yielding comparable or even superior outcomes compared to the traditional utilization of Zn. A limitation of this study is that the Zn NPs used were sourced from inorganic Zn NPs. Therefore, future research should focus on evaluating the efficiency of organic Zn NPs in broiler chicken feed.

Abstract Recent discoveries of Homo floresiensis and H. luzonensis raise questions regarding how extreme body size reduction occurred in some extinct Homo species in insular environments. Previous investigations at Mata Menge, Flores Island, Indonesia, suggested that the early Middle Pleistocene ancestors of H. floresiensis had even smaller jaws and teeth. Here, we report additional hominin fossils from the same deposits at Mata Menge. An adult humerus is estimated to be 9 − 16% shorter and thinner than the type specimen of H. floresiensis dated to ~60,000 years ago, and is smaller than any other Plio-Pleistocene adult hominin humeri hitherto reported. The newly recovered teeth are both exceptionally small; one of them bears closer morphological similarities to early Javanese H. erectus. The H. floresiensis lineage most likely evolved from early Asian H. erectus and was a long-lasting lineage on Flores with markedly diminutive body size since at least ~700,000 years ago.

The concurrent authority of Notaries and Land Deed Officials (PPATs) in creating land deeds in Indonesia has resulted in legal ambiguity. This research employs a normative juridical approach, scrutinizing existing legal norms to ascertain the extent of authority granted to Notaries and PPATs and to identify potential conflicts. The findings indicate that the Notary Position Law (Law No. 30/2004, amended by Law No. 2/2014) endows Notaries with extensive authority, implying they are not confined by the restrictions in Government Regulation No. 24/2016. The existing ambiguity calls for legislative clarification. The study concludes that Notaries possess broad authority to draft land deeds, mostly unaffected by limitations on PPATs. Legislative measures are required to delineate clearer jurisdictional boundaries, ensuring legal certainty and preventing potential abuses of power. This research examines the realization of legal order in the context of overlapping authority to make land deeds in Indonesia.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Chi-Square feature selection method in improving the classification accuracy of linear Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors and Random Forest in natural language processing when combined with classification algorithms as well as introducing Pseudo-Labelling techniques to improve semi-supervised classification performance. This research is important in the context of NLP as accurate feature selection can significantly improve model performance by reducing data noise and focusing on the most relevant information, while Pseudo-Labelling techniques help maximise unlabelled data, which is particularly useful when labelled data is sparse. The research methodology involves collecting relevant datasets, thus applying the Chi-Square method to filter out significant features, and applying Pseudo-Labelling techniques to train semi-supervised models. In this study, the dataset used in this research is the text data of public comments related to the 2024 Presidential General Election, which is obtained from the Twitter scrapping process. The characteristics of this dataset include various comments and opinions from the public related to presidential candidates, including political views, support, and criticism of these candidates. The experimental results show a significant improvement in classification accuracy to 0.9200, with precision of 0.8893, recall of 0.9200, and F1-score of 0.8828. The integration of Pseudo-Labelling techniques prominently improves the performance of semi-supervised classification, suggesting that the combination of Chi-Square and Pseudo-Labelling methods can improve classification systems in various natural language processing applications. This opens up opportunities to develop more efficient methodologies in improving classification accuracy and effectiveness in natural language processing tasks, especially in the domains of linear Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors and Random Forest well as semi-supervised learning.

Interfaith marriage is a widely debated issue in Indonesia, particularly within the context of Islamic law. The prohibition of interfaith marriages has frequently been the subject of substantial criticism from an Islamic legal perspective. This article aims to critically examine the enforcement of this prohibition within Indonesia's marriage legal system. Employing a normative legal approach and literature analysis, the research explores various Islamic law perspectives on the prohibition of interfaith marriages. Additionally, this study analyzes the social, cultural, and legal impacts of this prohibition on Indonesian society. The findings indicate that the prohibition of interfaith marriages often conflicts with principles of justice, religious freedom, and human rights. In the context of Islamic law, several scholars and legal experts advocate for a more inclusive interpretation, emphasizing the importance of considering social context and justice in marital regulations. It is essential to formalize Islamic law by incorporating sociological and cultural aspects and aligning it with the national constitution. Therefore, the development of Indonesia's marriage legal system must consider universal values that evolve sociologically and culturally. In conclusion, this research underscores the need for reform in Indonesia's marriage legal system to accommodate individual needs and rights while respecting religious and cultural values. These changes are expected to provide legal recognition for interfaith marriages and promote a more inclusive and harmonious society.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Video-Based Laboratories (VBL) in enhancing critical thinking skills among state Islamic senior high school (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) students in Hulu Sungai Tengah, Kalimantan Selatan, specifically in the context of rotational dynamics. Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared the performance of an experimental group that utilized VBL with a control group that followed traditional teaching methods. Data were collected through pretest and posttest assessments on critical thinking skills, and various statistical analyses were performed, including the paired samples t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The findings indicated significant improvements in critical thinking skills for both groups; however, the experimental group demonstrated substantially greater gains. This suggested that VBL, through interactive and hands-on learning methods, effectively enhanced critical thinking skills in physics education. The results underscored the potential of integrating VBL into physics curricula to foster deeper understanding and reflective reasoning. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of VBL and its application in diverse educational settings.

Pemeliharaan kesehatan sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Semakin terpelihara kesehatan ditunjukkan dengan semakin baiknya kondisi kebugaran jasmani seseorang. Kebugaran jasmani akan mendukung dalam menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari. Peningkatan kebugaran jasmani dapat tingkatkan dengan olahraga atau kegiatan rutin. Telah banyak program peningkatan kebugaran jasmani yang dilakukan, baik itu dengan biaya yang murah dan menyenangkan. Dalam lingkungan Pendidikan selain pendidik maupun pengajar, mahasiswa semua terlibat dan harus tetap menjaga kebugaran jasmani nya. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, diketahui bahwa kebugaran jasmani sangat penting bagi siapapun terutama mahasiswa pendidikan jasmani ataupun atlet. Kebugaran jasmani dapat dilakukan dengan melalui serangkaian tes, seperti lari cepat 60 meter, tes gantung angkat tubuh 60 detik, tes loncat tegak, tes baring duduk 60 detik, dan Bleep Tes. Jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa pendidikan jasmani tahun akademik 2020/2021 Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Jakarta sebanyak 20 mahasiswa. Kegiatan penelitian dalam melihat tingkat kebugaran jasmani masa transisi endemi Covid -19 terlaksana dengan baik dan mendapatkan nilai hasil kebugaran jasmani pada mahasiswa angkatan 2020/2021 Pendidikan Jasmani FIK UNJ sebanyak 8 (30%) mahasiswa berada dibawah rata-rata.

The occurrence of flood disasters is an annual unavoidable event in the Mejobo District, Kudus Regency. This study aims to map the vulnerable areas to floods in the Mejobo District using spatial modelling. The parameters used to determine the vulnerability areas include soil type, elevation, population density, river buffer, rainfall, and land use. The research location is situated in the Mejobo District. The research method employed is the models and multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, with the assistance of ArcGIS software for data processing and analysis. The research findings yield a final map depicting flood vulnerability, which indicates the distribution of flood-prone areas. Areas with a high level of flood vulnerability are dispersed across agricultural fields and areas adjacent to rivers, covering an area of 1,770 hectares. Meanwhile, areas with a moderate level of vulnerability are predominantly distributed in residential areas, covering an area of 1,907 hectares.

Background: Developing an optimal media for Vero cell lines is crucial as it directly influences cell survival, proliferation, and virus production. The use of serum in cell culture raises safety concerns in biological production. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency have implemented stricter regulations on the use of animal-derived components in commercial protein manufacturing to ensure patient safety. Objective: This study aims to develop new chemically defined media using peptone hydrolysate as a serum-free alternative. Methods: A rational experimental design was employed to screen and optimize potential serum substitutes. Six types of peptones were tested at varying concentrations to determine the top three candidates. These candidates were subsequently combined into five mixtures to identify the two most effective serum-free media for Vero CCL-81 cells. The evaluation criteria included morphology observation and proliferation assay. The two most promising serum-free formulations were further evaluated for their ability to support virus production and using TCID50 and absolute quantification by RT-qPCR. Results: The results of this study indicate that Mixture 4, consisting of 0.5 g/L Phytone™ Peptone, 0.5 g/L Difco™ Soytone, and 2 g/L Bacto™ Malt, significantly enhanced Vero CCL-81 cell proliferation and produced high viral titers. The developed medium demonstrated comparable performance to commercially available serum-free media. Conclusion: Peptone-based serum-free media provide a robust alternative for supporting Vero CCL-81 cell growth and are suitable for virus production.

Companies are increasingly required to adopt green supply chain practices to enhance their ecological footprint and financial viability, driven by global environmental concerns. This research focuses on resolving the contradictions faced in green supply chain management (GSCM) implementation through a combined application of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methods. Five key contradictions were identified: regulatory enhancements vs. resource limitations, technological unreadiness vs. regulatory refinement, profitability vs. customer trust, collaboration vs. competitiveness, and green material prioritization vs. scarcity. The study proposes 18 inventive principles to address these contradictions, including strategies such as flexible technology adoption and market segmentation. DEMATEL is then applied to analyze the interactions between these principles, offering a structured model for strategic decision-making. The DEMATEL analysis revealed that government support plays the most critical role in driving green supply chain adoption, influencing other strategies significantly. This integrated approach provides practical guidance for stakeholders, helping to shape policies and improve GSCM implementation in industries, particularly within the packaging and paper products sector in Indonesia.

The inadequacy of internal control systems in certain universities often results in non-compliance with regulations, posing financial and legal risks for these institutions. This study aims to analyze trend research and identify the factors contributing to the internal control systems for regulatory compliance within universities. Employing bibliometric analysis, the approach entails utilizing R Studio software to construct patterns and trends in scientific literature concerning internal control within the university context. The bibliometric analyses involve gathering data from scientific databases and utilizing techniques such as co-occurrence network analysis mapping, citation analysis, and exploring the relationship between key topics and their impact on the field of study. The time periods in 1973–2024 research on internal control has evolved thematically, leading to a comprehensive examination, enhanced understanding, and adaptation to new difficulties. This research indicates that the connections among accounting, internal controls, internal audit, auditing, management control system, information management, societies and institution are crucial for providing effective internal controls at universities about regulatory compliance.

The composition of fatty acids (FA) and sensory properties of specialty coffees from Guatemala, Nicaragua, Peru, Ethiopia, Kenya, Burundi, and Rwanda processed by spontaneous methods (i.e., natural, washed, and honey) and induced methods (i.e., anaerobic fermentation and carbonic maceration) were determined. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidic acids and 10 important attributes of the coffee such as fragrance/aroma, flavour, aftertaste, acidity, body, balance, overall, uniformity, clean cup, sweetness, and total score were evaluated. The FA composition and sensory scores following the Specialty Coffee American Association protocols were used to differentiate 19 coffee samples based on the processing method. Principal component analysis (PCA) effectively differentiated coffees processed by spontaneous methods from those processed by induced methods. Notably, Peruvian coffee processed by carbonic maceration exhibited the highest linoleic acid content, while the same coffee processed naturally showed the highest palmitic acid content. All coffee samples scored 10 points for uniformity, clean cup, and sweetness. The highest total scores for the spontaneous processing methods were 88.75 (washed Kenyan) and 87.75 (washed Ethiopian) but ranged from 82.75 to 85.00 for the other coffees. For the best specialty coffees processed by induced methods, scores ranged from 87.25 to 88.00 in seven out of nine coffees. Coffees from different geographical areas processed with innovative methods, such as anaerobic fermentation, carbonic maceration, and high-scoring spontaneously processed coffees, were among the highest qualities.

Implementing and communicating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the primary foundation for businesses to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals. In this perspective, mining operations are seen as one of the most harmful corporate activities when compared to other businesses that utilize natural resources; therefore, these companies must strongly implement and demonstrate higher CSR. The Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) model was employed in this study to investigate the role of ownership structure and Sharia compliance in improving the CSR performance of Indonesian mining companies that were operated between 2012 and 2021. The findings reveal that institutional ownership, foreign ownership, and Sharia compliance are essential factors in increasing mining companies’ CSR performance, but state ownership and ownership concentration are not. This study addresses a vacuum in the current CSR literature for mining businesses. Furthermore, it gives extra information and insight for practitioners, including the Indonesian government as the CSR regulator, investors, management, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This is one of the first studies to examine ownership structure and Sharia compliance in relation to mining companies’ CSR performance, notably in Indonesia, Feasible Generalized Least Squares.

Emerging evidence suggests the gut microbiome’s potential in predicting response to biologic treatments in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this prospective study, we aimed to predict treatment response to vedolizumab and ustekinumab, integrating clinical data, gut microbiome profiles based on metagenomic sequencing, and untargeted fecal metabolomics. We aimed to identify predictive biomarkers and attempted to replicate microbiome-based signals from previous studies. We found that the predictive utility of the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites for treatment response was marginal compared to clinical features alone. Testing our identified microbial ratios in an external cohort reinforced the lack of predictive power of the microbiome. Additionally, we could not confirm previously published predictive signals observed in similar sized cohorts. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of external validation and larger sample sizes, to better understand the microbiome’s impact on therapy outcomes in the setting of biologicals in IBD before potential clinical implementation.

Indonesia has the second-highest level of ocean plastic pollution. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic, used in food and beverage packaging, is the most accessible plastic for recycling. Recycling PET plastic waste can address the issue of waste management and support a circular economy, while protecting the environment. However, consumer participation is crucial for maintaining recycling programs. In this study, we determined the driving forces of customer participation with respect to post-consumption PET waste. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used to understand the factors that motivate the consumers’ recycling intentions. We conducted a survey to assess the post-consumption behavior related to PET usage (with 294 respondents), using a questionnaire; to analyze the survey results, we used a structural equation model with partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The attitudes, moral norms, and consequence awareness of the consumers significantly affected their recycling intentions. Perceived behavior and subjective norms did not affect this desire. In Indonesia, consumer behavior after PET consumption primarily involves disposal. This study improves the understanding of consumer behavior and can help businesses and governments to implement strategies that encourage consumers to return used PET goods. In addition, this study enriches the literature on reverse logistics from a consumer perspective.

AbstractThis article aims to reveal the formal-cultural accountability model applied in Ciburial Village. A qualitative approach, more specifically, critical ethnography was used through observations, in-depth interviews and documentary studies to achieve the research objectives. The results of this study show that Ciburial Village has both vertical and horizontal financial reporting accountability, manifested in formal and cultural accountability. Formal accountability is written accountability which is prepared in accordance with formal laws and regulations. The Ciburial Village Government also provides their accountability culturally, in accordance with the traditions and social conditions of the local village community. The value included in the formal-cultural accountability model is ‘sauyunan’ (mutual assistance), which reflects the equality of responsibility since village development belongs to all parties in the village. This model is not limited to fulfilling the responsibilities of village governments as principals to their agents, but also functions to gain public trust in the existence of formal-cultural accountability. Furthermore, public trust will increase participation in village development. The model developed has implications for the transformation model of public accountability, especially for village governments.

AbstractThe development of CSR in various countries tends to refer to Carroll’s pyramid model, which places economic responsibility as the main concern. Literatures on CSR is dominated by Western empirical studies, which prioritize social and environmental dimensions and pay less attention to the society’s cultural dimensions. The purpose of this study is to formulate a CSR model based on the philosophical values of Tri Hita Karana and its relevance to Carroll’s pyramid model. Literature review with an integrative approach to CSR was used to reveal the said Balinese values, which were used as a culture-based CSR model that holistically combines the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities. This study finds that the CSR model that is based on the philosophy of Tri Hita Karana places philanthropic responsibility on the base layer, followed by ethical, legal, and economic responsibility on the outer layer. This means that an increase in the company’s financial performance in the culture-based CSR model is only seen as the impact of the harmonization of all elements of community culture. The novelty of this research is that the local culture value-based CSR model is used as an alternative for CSR development, especially in developing countries. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are the encouragement for the uprising of CSR models that are more adaptive to the interests and the culture of local community.

To promote intracellular survival and infection, Legionella spp. translocate hundreds of effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells using a type IV b protein secretion system (T4bSS). T4bSS are well known to translocate soluble as well as transmembrane domain-containing effector proteins (TMD-effectors) but the mechanisms of secretion are still poorly understood. Herein we investigated the secretion of hydrophobic TMD-effectors, of which about 80 were previously reported to be encoded by L. pneumophila. A proteomic analysis of fractionated membranes revealed that TMD-effectors are targeted to and inserted into the bacterial inner membranes of L. pneumophila independent of the presence of a functional T4bSS. While the T4bSS chaperones IcmS and IcmW were critical for secretion of all tested TMD-effectors, they did not influence inner membrane targeting of these proteins. As for soluble effector proteins, translocation of all investigated TMD-effectors depended on a C-terminal secretion signal. A deeper analysis of the TMD-effector SidF showed that this signal needed to be presented towards the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane and that a small periplasmic loop was required for efficient translocation. We propose that strongly hydrophobic TMD-effectors are secreted in a two-step secretion process: Initially, an inner membrane intermediate is formed, that is extracted towards the cytoplasmic side, possibly by the help of the type IV coupling protein complex and subsequently secreted into eukaryotic host cells by the T4bSS core complex. Overall, our study highlights the amazing versatility of T4bSS to secrete soluble and TMD-effectors from different subcellular locations of the bacterial cell.

Background Endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) has been the gold standard since it was established in 1991. Various graft configurations have been developed to overcome the limitations of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), including contralateral gate cannulation (CGC). We propose a new device and technique intended to simplify endovascular AAA repair, along with reports of its application in six patients. Intervention The Taofan and Kang (T&K) bidirectional endovascular aortic repair (B-EVAR (B-EVAR) device uses a main-body stent graft, two-limb extensions, and bare metal stent. The procedure involved accessing the right and left femoral arteries, followed by standard aortography evaluation using a pigtail catheter through the contralateral femoral access. The main body stent graft is deployed through ipsilateral femoral access using a balloon catheter, while the contralateral gate is cannulated with a hydrophilic coated wire. Both balloons were inflated simultaneously to ensure that the wires were in different lumens. Contralateral and ipsilateral extensions were deployed using a limb extension stent graft. Standard aortography evaluation was repeated. Result T&K B-EVAR pilot procedures proved successful in various cases, from simple to complex anatomy, and even with varied graft stent deployment strategies. None of the patients had complications or prolonged length of stay (LOS). Follow-up CT did not reveal any high-pressure endoleaks. Conclusion T&K B-EVAR has been proven to simplify endovascular AAA repair in six patients with excellent results. It is also reproducible, potentially universally applicable, and can offer operators ease of use, faster procedure times, reduced fluoroscopy times, and reduced contrast usage.

KUHP Nasional memuat berbagai aspek pembaharuan hukum pidana termasuk mengatur tindak pidana narkotika sebagai salah satu substansinya. Disamping itu juga mengatur secara eksplisit mengenai tindakan rehabilitasi sebagai tindakan yang dapat dijatuhkan terhadap terdakwa sebagai pecandu narkotika. Pengaturan ini berimplikasi terhadap politik hukum pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyalahgunaan narkotika di Indonesia. Analisis dan pembahasan dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundangan terutama Undang-Undang Narkotika dan KUHP Nasional serta pendekatan konseptual menggunakan kajian politik hukum pidana. Pasal 103 dan Pasal 105 KUHP Nasional mengatur mengenai tindakan rehabilitasi terhadap pecandu narkotika. Hal ini merupakan hasil kebijakan hukum pidana dalam rangka mencapai tujuan perlindungan dalam bentuk pemulihan terhadap pelaku yang juga sekaligus korban tindak pidana. Pengaturan ini berimplikasi kepada penguatan keberadaan rehabilitasi terhadap pecandu narkotika yang telah diatur dalam undang-undang narkotika. Pengaturan ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan pemulihan diutamakan terhadap pecandu meskipun juga sebagai pelaku tindak pidana. KUHP Nasional memberikan dasar yang kuat terhadap pengaturan yang lebih khusus dalam Undang-Undang Narkotika tersebut.

Mesin diesel di gunakan di banyak sektor menuntut kualitas bahan bakar yang bersih untuk mecapai perfomance mesin yang baik. Untuk menjaga kebersihan bahan bakar dilakukan proses penyaringan mengunakan filter element. Mengukur kualitas bahan bakar sebelum dan sesudah penyaringan menjadi informasi penting bagi penguna untuk megambil keputusan untuk mengurangi biaya pemeliharaan dan keseluruhan biaya operasional. Dari permasalahan yang ada peneniti bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat berfungsi untuk dapat mengidentifikasi kualitas kerbersihan bahan bakar diesel sesuai dengan standar ISO cleanliness 18/16/13 dan performance filter elemen yang digunakan kondisi bekerja atau tidak. Modul ini mengunakan PLC dan HMI untuk tampilan muka dan pressure transmitter untuk modul ukur yang bertujuan untuk menjadi alat yang siap pakai untuk kondisi industri dan pertambangan. modul ini akan membantu penguna sebagai sistem awal yang mengeluarkan informasi kualitas dari bahan bakar diesel yang disaring dan perkiraan performance filter yang di gunakan.

Background Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) or Leriche syndrome, is a form of peripheral arterial disease involving the infrarenal aorta and iliac arteries. The presentation of AIOD ranges from asymptomatic cases to limb-threatening emergencies. Advances and innovations in endovascular devices have replaced traditional surgical interventions for the management of AIOD. Here we report a case of a 52-year-old man presenting with AIOD managed by endovascular approach using kissing stent technique. Case presentation A 52-year-old man, with history of chronic coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, long-standing hypertension, and a significant history of smoking, was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of long-standing bilateral claudication which recently progressed to rest pain. A history of AIOD was previously established. AIOD (TASC II Type D) diagnosis was made by lower extremity duplex ultrasound and CT angiography. The patient underwent urgent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with kissing stent technique. The patient was discharged 4 days after the procedure without any significant complaints, received best medical therapy. Conclusion Endovascular interventions present excellent alternatives to surgical techniques in the treatment of complex AIOD. Herein we presented an endovascular treatment of AIOD utilizing the kissing stent technique which showed satisfactory outcomes.

Keterampilan literasi sains perlu dikuasai oleh setiap individu di abad 21. Literasi sains merupakan keterampilan dalam menyikapi perkembangan dunia yang didasari oleh sains dan teknologi. Fisika adalah mata pelajaran yang berhubungan dengan alam. Literasi sains dan fisika saling berkaitan satu sama lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan literasi sains di Indonesia pada mata pelajaran fisika dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan literasi sains. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian meta analisis dengan metode penelitian studi literatur dengan acuan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi sains memiliki skor rata-rata 55,31 dengan kategori sedang. Nilai tertinggi dengan skor 82 sedangkan nilai terendah dengan skor 27,5. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan literasi sains diantaranya pembelajaran daring, motivasi belajar, strategi pembelajaran, kualitas pendidik serta fasilitas yang kurang memadai. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan literasi sains perlu dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk memperoleh sumber daya manusia berkualitas tinggi.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) are essential for preschool children's development. However, rising childhood obesity and sedentary lifestyles are concerning. A comprehensive analysis of the research landscape is necessary to inform better interventions and policies. Research Objectives: This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research on physical activity and physical fitness among preschool children in Asia from 2020 to 2024. Methods: The analysis was based on publications from Scopus and Web of Science, focussing on keyword co-occurrence, citation analysis, and co-authorship networks. We used tools like ScientoPy and VOSviewer to assess key metrics such as the number of publications, citations, and influential contributors. Findings/Results: The study reveals significant trends, with a peak in research productivity in 2022, reflecting heightened global attention on early physical health. China, Japan, and Iran led contributions, with China dominating in publication volume. Notable researchers included Saeed Ghorbani and emerging contributors Ahmad Chaeroni and Amir Dana. Leading journals, such as the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and Frontiers in Public Health, were prominent sources. Conclusion: Despite a decline in productivity post-2022, PA and PF research for preschoolers remains important. These shifting trends provide opportunities for researchers to explore new areas or innovate approaches. Significant contributions from Asian researchers also indicate a geographic shift in the global research focus. This study also highlights the importance of physical activity in preschoolers and how trends in scientific publications can help policymakers formulate more effective interventions to improve children's fitness.