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AbstractHigher education has often been accused of its anti-social character, represented by the metaphor of the ‘ivory tower’. However, the idea of the pursuit of knowledge per se, which is associated with the ivory tower, has not been widely recognized as a public ideal of higher education. In this study, by drawing on the 20th-century British educational philosopher Paul H. Hirst’s theory of liberal education, I revisit and re-evaluate the Newmanian idea of pursuit of knowledge as an end itself as a public ideal for higher education. I argue that the public criteria provided by discipline-rooted knowledge are among the criteria that are most able to define and legitimise higher education. These public criteria are compatible with the distinctive nature of higher education, which is essentially aimed at adult citizens and linked to research as the creation of knowledge, and can even serve to legitimise the cognitive structure of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Universities are frequently considered ivory towers where students and staff freely pursue their ambitions in a peaceful environment. Nevertheless, the experiences of students and staff have revealed that violence is commonplace in most universities. Violence is especially pervasive in South African universities, where students and staff sometimes fear for their well-being due to the normalisation of violence in broader society and failures of campus security. Against this background, this study explored the perceptions of the pervasiveness of student-on-student violence and the manifestations thereof in South African universities. Using a mixed-methods approach and an explanatory sequential design, data were collected from students (n=1370) and staff (n=172) using an online survey at 14 universities and semi-structured interviews with students (n=32) and staff (n=4) at three universities. The findings revealed that most student-on-student violence happens in the form of sexual violence, verbal abuse and physical fights, as well as discrimination and isolation. It is imperative to note that other forms of violence were reported, albeit sparsely. Based on these findings, the study recommends, among others, that comprehensive awareness campaigns be implemented to educate students and faculty about the different forms of violence identified, emphasising sexual and verbal abuse, physical fights, discrimination, cyberbullying, armed robberies, theft, and intimate partner violence. Furthermore, it will also be essential to strengthen reporting mechanisms to guarantee confidentiality and accessibility of services for survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper stresses the importance of entrepreneurial university towards improving sustainable job creation and improvement in Uganda. The dilemmas the country is facing ranges from excessive poverty, graduate unemployment; over dependence on overseas items and technology; as well as low economic growth and development. These dilemmas are partly triggered by using improper education system especially at the university level. Many people argue that university education in Uganda is principally for its very own sake - to impart knowledge and a love of getting to know with greater paper qualifications. University training is for academic superiority disconnected from day-to-day realities, a closed environment in which information and intellect is the sanctuary of the self-selecting, privileged few - no grasp of what is vital for ordinary people. Yet the fact of university schooling is about helping humans grow in their lives by supporting them to live better life. This paper hence contends that change of universities in Uganda, from ivory tower to entrepreneurial universities, will prepare the students with the conduct, states of mind and attitudes with which to be self-reliant and contribute to job creation and advancement. The paper starts by highlighting the concept of university as an ivory tower. The objectives and framework for designing entrepreneurial university is presented next. The paper suggests that university programmes at all levels of instruction ought to be made significant to the community so as to supply the youth with the required entrepreneurial aptitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the productions in scientific journals of international bases, in English, Portuguese or Spanish, about entrepreneurial university and third mission, focusing on the productions of Brazilian authors, through a systematic search of the literature. For that, we use the SSF - Systematic Search Flow method, which is applied in systematic and integrative reviews. An enterprising university, committed to the development of its region, is the key factor in achieving regional innovation, a key institution in knowledge-based societies. In the age of knowledge, the university is as important as industry and government; fundamental for the development of knowledge and innovation. As a result, we identified research challenges and opportunities, contributing to the construction of a panorama of Brazilian scientific production in international journals on the themes entrepreneurial university and third mission.

La Carte et le territoire est le roman qui apporte le Prix Goncourt à Michel Houellebecq. Si l’écrivain privilégie les mêmes thèmes qui l’ont consacré (l’individualisme, la fragilité des relations humaines, le temps cruel et irréversible), ce livre est particulier parce qu’il façonne des portraits d’artistes. Notre article se propose donc de trouver la place de l’artiste houelle­becquien dans le monde de l’art contemporain, territoire flou et de plus en plus régi par les lois du capitalisme. Les trois catégories de personnages que nous proposons (les créateurs, les médiateurs et les récepteurs) nous permettent d’affirmer que la figure du créateur s’éloigne de sa version romantique d’être malheureux et inspiré et que l’artiste devient un élément clé du réseau assurant son succès marchand. Pourtant, à cette exigence de pragma­tisme les personnages houellebecquiens vont répondre par l’incapacité de renoncer définiti­vement à leur rassurante tour d’ivoire (symbole d’une existence autonome et antagonique avec les valeurs économiques).La Carte et le territoire by Michel Houellebecq is a novel which earned the Prix Goncourt. Whereas the author employs the same themes that made him famous (individualism, the fragility of human relationships, the cruel and irreversible nature of time), this book is distinctive thanks to its portrayal of various artists. This article aims at finding the houellebecquien artist’s place in the world of contemporary art, an ambiguous territory governed by the laws of capitalism. The three categories of characters that are put forward (the creators, the mediators, the receivers) allow us to show that the image of the creator moves away from its romantic version of an unfortunate and inspired being and that the artist becomes a key element inside the network ensuring his success on the market. However, the response to this pragmatic requirement will be the characters’ incapacity to leave their comforting ivory tower (the symbol of an autonomous existence which antagonizes with capitalist economical values).

Motivation: Why, despite substantial investment in science and technology infrastructure during the last two decades, has Iran performed relatively poorly in terms of innovation and economic output? The investment has been wide‐ranging, from the inclusion of science and technology in the National Development Plans to the impressive growth in the number of science and technology parks and incubators. Iran is among the top five countries in terms of science and engineering graduates, and Iran's scientific publications are among the world's fastest‐growing. Purpose: This study attempts to discover the reasons for this poor performance despite the investment. Approach and Method: This is a qualitative study which tries to explore the research question through extensive archival data and semi‐structured interviews. We also use an inductive bottom‐up approach for data analysis, including open coding of collected data. Findings: Our first level of analysis, based on National Innovation Systems studies, will show that there are two main causes: (a) Iran's industrial policies have been unsuccessful in encouraging domestic firms to export or exposing them to international competition. As a result, there are no meaningful incentives for them to approach technological frontiers by exploiting domestic science and technology infrastructures; (b) whereas universities and research centres have played an important role in the catch‐up process of other newly developed countries by engaging practically with the problems that face their societies, Iranian universities and research centres have become article‐publishing factories. Our second level of analysis will show that behind these two causes are other important latent factors: the power of incumbents and their efforts to maintain the status quo, and the "rules of the game" in the fields of science and technology which have discouraged hands‐on engagement. This study analyses strategic action literature, and proceeds to emphasize the role of incumbents and those "rules of the game" in inhibiting innovation and economic success. Policy Implications: Effective innovation policy is not just about investing in science and technology infrastructure, but also about industrial policy, exposing domestic firms to international competition, overcoming entrenched interests and changing paths of career advancement in science and technology so that scientists are less inclined to pursue theoretical work and are encouraged to collaborate closely with business to solve practical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of the 21st century universities are increasingly requested to use the results produced by their first (teaching) and second mission (research) to help resolve the growing challenges societies and local communities are faced with. This obligation has been codified as the Third Mission of universities. However, research and its results often seem to remain in the so-called ivory tower and realization of successful transfer often failed. Empirical research clearly shows that the key factor for successful transfer is to involve an intensive cooperation between researchers, policymakers, and practitioners within a mutually respectful, collaborative process. However, the establishment of a high quality and fruitful cooperation among these different groups is difficult. In the paper, possible reasons for poor transfer of research findings on part of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers are discussed as well as demands for successful transfer. A systematic six-step procedure for policy impact from research is presented, which summarizes the most relevant actions to be taken and issues to be considered on the part of (individual) researchers for realizing successful transfer. Universities can provide a supportive environment through the development of a distinct Third Mission profile including criteria and incentives for transfer activities of single researchers. It is the intention of this paper to convince researchers from the field of education to go ahead in moving beyond the ivory tower and to engage in transfer of scientific knowledge. One reason is the high importance of education for society. Another reason is that the competences and experiences necessary for successful transfer of research to the wider field of policy and practice are core competences and experiences of researchers from the field of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I describe the current opportunities for citizen participation in archaeology and heritage in Austria. I introduce some associations and organisations that carry out archaeological projects with citizen participation then discuss the Austrian monument protection law and explain why it is difficult even with political consent to start such initiatives. I move on to explain who should still benefit from archaeology and monument preservation and what is the best way of dealing with the public. Finally, I introduce a new entity called 'bridge builders', which aims to reduce the barrier between science and the public, while at the same time promoting cooperation.