94 results on '"Ivkovic, V"'
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2. CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND MORTALITY – DATA FROM THE CROATIAN COHORT OF THE ESH STROKE SURVEY
- Author
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Jelakovic, A., Malojcic, B., Stevanovic, R., Kos, J., Premuzic, V., Simicevic, L., Ivandic, E., Brinar, I. Vukovic, Ivkovic, V., Wohlfart, P., Cifkova, R., and Jelakovic, B.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. PO.8.172 Disease activity at the time of biopsy is not associated with higher risk of serious infections in patients with lupus nephritis
- Author
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Kneževic, T, primary, Padjen, I, additional, Ivkovic, V, additional, Laganovic, M, additional, Ježic, I, additional, Biloglav, Z, additional, Bulimbašic, S, additional, Coric, M, additional, Mayer, M, additional, and Anic, B, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. PO.5.113 C3 and C1Q deposition in different kidney compartments is not associated with serious infections in lupus nephritis
- Author
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Knezevic, T, primary, Padjen, I, additional, Ivkovic, V, additional, Laganovic, M, additional, Jezic, I, additional, Biloglav, Z, additional, Bulimbasic, S, additional, Coric, M, additional, Mayer, M, additional, and Anic, B, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Neo-Mars adaptive Training integrative knowledge system (MATRIKS) to improve operational Performance and its neural basis for Spaceflight
- Author
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Stahn, A.C., Bell, S., Brauns, K., Dinges, D.F., Fischer, F., Friedl-Werner, A., Gerlach, D.A., Gur, R.C., Ivkovic, V., Johannes, B., Kuhn, S., Mühl, C., Piechowski, S., Roalf, D., Strangman, G., Whiting, S., and Basner, M.
- Subjects
visuo-spatial abilities ,manual docking performance ,brain ,Long-duration space mission ,self-adaptive training ,countermeasure ,sensorimotor control ,cognitive performance ,operational performance ,MRI - Published
- 2022
6. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants
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Ezzati, M. and Zhou, B. and Bentham, J. and Di Cesare, M. and Bixby, H. and Danaei, G. and Hajifathalian, K. and Taddei, C. and Carrillo-Larco, R.M. and Djalalinia, S. and Khatibzadeh, S. and Lugero, C. and Peykari, N. and Zhang, W.Z. and Bennett, J. and Bilano, V. and Stevens, G.A. and Cowan, M.J. and Riley, L.M. and Chen, Z. and Hambleton, I.R. and Jackson, R.T. and Kengne, A.P. and Khang, Y.-H. and Laxmaiah, A. and Liu, J. and Malekzadeh, R. and Neuhauser, H.K. and Sorić, M. and Starc, G. and Sundström, J. and Woodward, M. and Abarca-Gómez, L. and Abdeen, Z.A. and Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. and Acosta-Cazares, B. and Adams, R.J. and Aekplakorn, W. and Afsana, K. and Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. and Agyemang, C. and Ahmad, N.A. and Ahmadvand, A. and Ahrens, W. and Ajlouni, K. and Akhtaeva, N. and Al-Raddadi, R. and Ali, M.M. and Ali, O. and Alkerwi, A. and Aly, E. and Amarapurkar, D.N. and Amouyel, P. and Amuzu, A. and Andersen, L.B. and Anderssen, S.A. and Ängquist, L.H. and Anjana, R.M. and Ansong, D. and Aounallah-Skhiri, H. and Araújo, J. and Ariansen, I. and Aris, T. and Arlappa, N. and Arveiler, D. and Aryal, K.K. and Aspelund, T. and Assah, F.K. and Assunção, M.C.F. and Avdicová, M. and Azevedo, A. and Azizi, F. and Babu, B.V. and Bahijri, S. and Balakrishna, N. and Bamoshmoosh, M. and Banach, M. and Bandosz, P. and Banegas, J.R. and Barbagallo, C.M. and Barceló, A. and Barkat, A. and Barros, A.J.D. and Barros, M.V. and Bata, I. and Batieha, A.M. and Batyrbek, A. and Baur, L.A. and Beaglehole, R. and Romdhane, H.B. and Benet, M. and Benson, L.S. and Bernabe-Ortiz, A. and Bernotiene, G. and Bettiol, H. and Bhagyalaxmi, A. and Bharadwaj, S. and Bhargava, S.K. and Bi, Y. and Bikbov, M. and Bista, B. and Bjerregaard, P. and Bjertness, E. and Bjertness, M.B. and Björkelund, C. and Blokstra, A. and Bo, S. and Bobak, M. and Boeing, H. and Boggia, J.G. and Boissonnet, C.P. and Bongard, V. and Borchini, R. and Bovet, P. and Braeckman, L. and Brajkovich, I. and Branca, F. and Breckenkamp, J. and Brenner, H. and Brewster, L.M. and Bruno, G. and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. and Bugge, A. and Burns, C. and Bursztyn, M. and de León, A.C. and Cacciottolo, J. and Cai, H. and Cameron, C. and Can, G. and Cândido, A.P.C. and Capuano, V. and Cardoso, V.C. and Carlsson, A.C. and Carvalho, M.J. and Casanueva, F.F. and Casas, J.-P. and Caserta, C.A. and Chamukuttan, S. and Chan, A.W. and Chan, Q. and Chaturvedi, H.K. and Chaturvedi, N. and Chen, C.-J. and Chen, F. and Chen, H. and Chen, S. and Cheng, C.-Y. and Dekkaki, I.C. and Chetrit, A. and Chiolero, A. and Chiou, S.-T. and Chirita-Emandi, A. and Chirlaque, M.-D. and Cho, B. and Cho, Y. and Christofaro, D.G. and Chudek, J. and Cifkova, R. and Cinteza, E. and Claessens, F. and Clays, E. and Concin, H. and Cooper, C. and Cooper, R. and Coppinger, T.C. and Costanzo, S. and Cottel, D. and Cowell, C. and Craig, C.L. and Crujeiras, A.B. and Cruz, J.J. and D'Arrigo, G. and d'Orsi, E. and Dallongeville, J. and Damasceno, A. and Dankner, R. and Dantoft, T.M. and Dauchet, L. and Davletov, K. and De Backer, G. and De Bacquer, D. and de Gaetano, G. and De Henauw, S. and de Oliveira, P.D. and De Smedt, D. and Deepa, M. and Dehghan, A. and Delisle, H. and Deschamps, V. and Dhana, K. and Di Castelnuovo, A.F. and Dias-da-Costa, J.S. and Diaz, A. and Dickerson, T.T. and Do, H.T.P. and Dobson, A.J. and Donfrancesco, C. and Donoso, S.P. and Döring, A. and Dorobantu, M. and Doua, K. and Drygas, W. and Dulskiene, V. and Džakula, A. and Dzerve, V. and Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. and Eggertsen, R. and Ekelund, U. and El Ati, J. and Elliott, P. and Elosua, R. and Erasmus, R.T. and Erem, C. and Eriksen, L. and Eriksson, J.G. and Escobedo-de la Peña, J. and Evans, A. and Faeh, D. and Fall, C.H. and Farzadfar, F. and Felix-Redondo, F.J. and Ferguson, T.S. and Fernandes, R.A. and Fernández-Bergés, D. and Ferrante, D. and Ferrari, M. and Ferreccio, C. and Ferrieres, J. and Finn, J.D. and Fischer, K. and Föger, B. and Foo, L.H. and Forslund, A.-S. and Forsner, M. and Fouad, H.M. and Francis, D.K. and Franco, M.C. and Franco, O.H. and Frontera, G. and Fuchs, F.D. and Fuchs, S.C. and Fujita, Y. and Furusawa, T. and Gaciong, Z. and Galvano, F. and Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. and Gareta, D. and Garnett, S.P. and Gaspoz, J.-M. and Gasull, M. and Gates, L. and Geleijnse, J.M. and Ghasemian, A. and Ghimire, A. and Giampaoli, S. and Gianfagna, F. and Gill, T.K. and Giovannelli, J. and Goldsmith, R.A. and Gonçalves, H. and Gonzalez-Gross, M. and González-Rivas, J.P. and Gorbea, M.B. and Gottrand, F. and Graff-Iversen, S. and Grafnetter, D. and Grajda, A. and Grammatikopoulou, M.G. and Gregor, R.D. and Grodzicki, T. and Grøntved, A. and Grosso, G. and Gruden, G. and Grujic, V. and Gu, D. and Guan, O.P. and Gudmundsson, E.F. and Gudnason, V. and Guerrero, R. and Guessous, I. and Guimaraes, A.L. and Gulliford, M.C. and Gunnlaugsdottir, J. and Gunter, M. and Gupta, P.C. and Gupta, R. and Gureje, O. and Gurzkowska, B. and Gutierrez, L. and Gutzwiller, F. and Hadaegh, F. and Halkjær, J. and Hardy, R. and Kumar, R.H. and Hata, J. and Hayes, A.J. and He, J. and He, Y. and Hendriks, M.E. and Henriques, A. and Cadena, L.H. and Herrala, S. and Heshmat, R. and Hihtaniemi, I.T. and Ho, S.Y. and Ho, S.C. and Hobbs, M. and Hofman, A. and Dinc, G.H. and Horimoto, A.R. and Hormiga, C.M. and Horta, B.L. and Houti, L. and Howitt, C. and Htay, T.T. and Htet, A.S. and Htike, M.M.T. and Hu, Y. and Huerta, J.M. and Huisman, M. and Husseini, A.S. and Huybrechts, I. and Hwalla, N. and Iacoviello, L. and Iannone, A.G. and Ibrahim, M.M. and Wong, N.I. and Ikeda, N. and Ikram, M.A. and Irazola, V.E. and Islam, M. and al-Safi Ismail, A. and Ivkovic, V. and Iwasaki, M. and Jacobs, J.M. and Jaddou, H. and Jafar, T. and Jamrozik, K. and Janszky, I. and Jasienska, G. and Jelaković, A. and Jelaković, B. and Jennings, G. and Jeong, S.-L. and Jiang, C.Q. and Joffres, M. and Johansson, M. and Jokelainen, J.J. and Jonas, J.B. and Jørgensen, T. and Joshi, P. and Jóźwiak, J. and Juolevi, A. and Jurak, G. and Jureša, V. and Kaaks, R. and Kafatos, A. and Kajantie, E.O. and Kalter-Leibovici, O. and Kamaruddin, N.A. and Karki, K.B. and Kasaeian, A. and Katz, J. and Kauhanen, J. and Kaur, P. and Kavousi, M. and Kazakbaeva, G. and Keil, U. and Boker, L.K. and Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. and Kelishadi, R. and Kemper, H.C.G. and Kengne, A.P. and Kerimkulova, A. and Kersting, M. and Key, T. and Khader, Y.S. and Khalili, D. and Khateeb, M. and Khaw, K.-T. and Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. and Kiechl, S. and Killewo, J. and Kim, J. and Kim, Y.-Y. and Klumbiene, J. and Knoflach, M. and Kolle, E. and Kolsteren, P. and Korrovits, P. and Koskinen, S. and Kouda, K. and Kowlessur, S. and Koziel, S. and Kriemler, S. and Kristensen, P.L. and Krokstad, S. and Kromhout, D. and Kruger, H.S. and Kubinova, R. and Kuciene, R. and Kuh, D. and Kujala, U.M. and Kulaga, Z. and Kumar, R.K. and Kurjata, P. and Kusuma, Y.S. and Kuulasmaa, K. and Kyobutungi, C. and Laatikainen, T. and Lachat, C. and Lam, T.H. and Landrove, O. and Lanska, V. and Lappas, G. and Larijani, B. and Laugsand, L.E. and Bao, K.L.N. and Le, T.D. and Leclercq, C. and Lee, J. and Lee, J. and Lehtimäki, T. and León-Muñoz, L.M. and Levitt, N.S. and Li, Y. and Lilly, C.L. and Lim, W.-Y. and Lima-Costa, M.F. and Lin, H.-H. and Lin, X. and Lind, L. and Linneberg, A. and Lissner, L. and Litwin, M. and Lorbeer, R. and Lotufo, P.A. and Lozano, J.E. and Luksiene, D. and Lundqvist, A. and Lunet, N. and Lytsy, P. and Ma, G. and Ma, J. and Machado-Coelho, G.L.L. and Machi, S. and Maggi, S. and Magliano, D.J. and Magriplis, E. and Majer, M. and Makdisse, M. and Malhotra, R. and Rao, K.M. and Malyutina, S. and Manios, Y. and Mann, J.I. and Manzato, E. and Margozzini, P. and Marques-Vidal, P. and Marques, L.P. and Marrugat, J. and Martorell, R. and Mathiesen, E.B. and Matijasevich, A. and Matsha, T.E. and Mbanya, J.N. and Posso, A.J.M.D. and McFarlane, S.R. and McGarvey, S.T. and McLachlan, S. and McLean, R.M. and McLean, S.B. and McNulty, B.A. and Mediene-Benchekor, S. and Medzioniene, J. and Meirhaeghe, A. and Meisinger, C. and Menezes, A.B. and Menon, G.R. and Meshram, I.I. and Metspalu, A. and Meyer, H.E. and Mi, J. and Mikkel, K. and Miller, J.C. and Minderico, C.S. and Miquel, J.F. and Miranda, J.J. and Mirrakhimov, E. and Mišigoj-Durakovic, M. and Modesti, P.A. and Mohamed, M.K. and Mohammad, K. and Mohammadifard, N. and Mohan, V. and Mohanna, S. and Yusoff, M.F.M.D. and Møllehave, L.T. and Møller, N.C. and Molnár, D. and Momenan, A. and Mondo, C.K. and Monyeki, K.D.K. and Moon, J.S. and Moreira, L.B. and Morejon, A. and Moreno, L.A. and Morgan, K. and Moschonis, G. and Mossakowska, M. and Mostafa, A. and Mota, J. and Motlagh, M.E. and Motta, J. and Msyamboza, K.P. and ThetMu, T. and Muiesan, M.L. and Müller-Nurasyid, M. and Murphy, N. and Mursu, J. and Musil, V. and Nabipour, I. and Nagel, G. and Naidu, B.M. and Nakamura, H. and Námešná, J. and 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and Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S. and Rutkowski, M. and Sabanayagam, C. and Sachdev, H.S. and Saidi, O. and Sakarya, S. and Salanave, B. and Martinez, E.S. and Salmerón, D. and Salomaa, V. and Salonen, J.T. and Salvetti, M. and Sánchez-Abanto, J. and Sans, S. and Santos, D.A. and Santos, I.S. and Santos, R.N. and Santos, R. and Saramies, J.L. and Sardinha, L.B. and Sarganas, G. and Sarrafzadegan, N. and Saum, K.-U. and Savva, S. and Scazufca, M. and Schargrodsky, H. and Schipf, S. and Schmidt, C.O. and Schöttker, B. and Schultsz, C. and Schutte, A.E. and Sein, A.A. and Sen, A. and Senbanjo, I.O. and Sepanlou, S.G. and Sharma, S.K. and Shaw, J.E. and Shibuya, K. and Shin, D.W. and Shin, Y. and Si-Ramlee, K. and Siantar, R. and Sibai, A.M. and Silva, D.A.S. and Simon, M. and Simons, J. and Simons, L.A. and Sjöström, M. and Skovbjerg, S. and Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. and Slusarczyk, P. and Smeeth, L. and Smith, M.C. and Snijder, M.B. and So, H.-K. and Sobngwi, E. and Söderberg, S. and Solfrizzi, V. 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Uganda, Uganda Heart Institute, Uganda, World Health Organization, Switzerland, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, The University of the West Indies, Barbados, University of Auckland, New Zealand, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa, Seoul National University, South Korea, National Institute of Nutrition, India, Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital, China, Robert Koch Institute, Germany, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Germany, University of Zagreb, Croatia, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Uppsala University, Sweden, University of New South Wales, Australia, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Costa Rica, Al-Quds University, Palestine, Birzeit University, Palestine, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, The University of Adelaide, Australia, Mahidol University, Thailand, BRAC, Bangladesh, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutricion, Mexico, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia, Non- 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Research Council, Nepal, University of Iceland, Iceland, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia, University of Porto Medical School, Portugal, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Indian Council of Medical Research, India, University of Science and Technology, Yemen, Medical University of Lodz, Poland, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, University of Palermo, Italy, Pan American Health Organization, United States, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco, University of Pernambuco, Brazil, Dalhousie University, Canada, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan, University of Sydney, Australia, University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia, CAFAM University Foundation, Colombia, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania, University of São Paulo, Brazil, BJ Medical College, India, Chirayu Medical College, India, SL Jain Hospital, India, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China, Ufa Eye Research Institute, Russian Federation, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, University of Greenland, Greenland, University of Oslo, Norway, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands, University of Turin, Italy, University College London, United Kingdom, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Germany, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, CEMIC, Argentina, Toulouse University School of Medicine, France, University Hospital of Varese, Italy, Ministry of Health, Seychelles, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Ghent University, Belgium, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela, Bielefeld University, Germany, German Cancer Research Center, Germany, Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Israel, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain, University of Malta, Malta, Vanderbilt University, United States, Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Canada, Istanbul University, Turkey, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil, Cardiologia di Mercato S. Severino, Italy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, University of Porto, Portugal, Santiago de Compostela University, Spain, Associazione Calabrese di Epatologia, Italy, India Diabetes Research Foundation, India, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, National Institute of Medical Statistics, India, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China, Duke University, United States, Kailuan General Hospital, China, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Israel, University of Bern, Switzerland, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania, Murcia Regional Health Council, Spain, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, South Korea, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil, Medical University of Silesia, Poland, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Austria, University of Southampton, United Kingdom, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Italy, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France, CIBEROBN, Spain, National Council of Research, Italy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark, Lille University Hospital, France, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands, University of Montreal, Canada, French Public Health Agency, France, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina, National Institute of Nutrition, Viet Nam, University of Queensland, Australia, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy, Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Ministère de la Santé et de la Lutte Contre le Sida, Cote d'Ivoire, The Cardinal Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Poland, University of Latvia, Latvia, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunisia, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Spain, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, Queen's University of Belfast, United Kingdom, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Spain, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica, Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena, Spain, Ministry of Health, Argentina, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Italy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, University of Manchester, United Kingdom, University of Tartu, Estonia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Umeå University, Sweden, Dalarna University, Sweden, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Spain, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Kindai University, Japan, Kyoto University, Japan, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, University of Catania, Italy, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australia, Wageningen University, Netherlands, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal, University of Insubria, Italy, Ministry of Health, Israel, The Andes Clinic of Cardio-Metabolic Studies, Venezuela, National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Cuba, Université de Lille 2, France, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Czech Republic, Children'sMemorial Health Institute, Poland, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Greece, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Italy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, China, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Icelandic Heart Association, Iceland, Universidad Icesi, Colombia, King's College London, United Kingdom, International Agency for Research on Cancer, France, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, India, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, India, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Poland, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Argentina, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Denmark, Kyushu University, Japan, Tulane University, United States, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, Academic Medical Center of University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico, Oulu University Hospital, Finland, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Iran, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, University of Western Australia, Australia, Celal Bayar University, Turkey, Heart Institute, Brazil, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Colombia, University of Oran 1, Algeria, Independent Public Health Specialist, Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Peking University, China, VU University Medical Center and VU University, Netherlands, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Cairo University, Egypt, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Japan, Aga Khan University, Pakistan, UHC Zagreb, Croatia, Niigata University, Japan, Hadassah University Medical Center, Israel, Duke- NUS Medical School, Singapore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatia, Heart Foundation, Australia, National Health Insurance Service, South Korea, Guangzhou 12th Hospital, China, Simon Fraser University, Canada, Ruprecht-Karls- University of Heidelberg, Germany, Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Denmark, World Health Organization Country Office, India, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland, University of Crete, Greece, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States, University of Eastern Finland, Finland, National Institute of Epidemiology, India, University of Münster, Germany, Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Iran, VU University Medical Center, Netherlands, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Kyrgyzstan, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Germany, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania, National Cancer Center, South Korea, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium, Tartu University Clinics, Estonia, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Mauritius, Polish Academy of Sciences Anthropology Unit in Wroclaw, Poland, University of Zürich, Switzerland, University of Groningen, Netherlands, North-West University, South Africa, National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, African Population and Health Research Center, Kenya, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Cuba, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sweden, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Iran, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Tampere University Hospital, Finland, University of Cape Town, South Africa, West Virginia University, United States, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute, Brazil, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany, Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León, Spain, University of Uppsala, Sweden, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan, National Research Council, Italy, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Russian Federation, Harokopio University, Greece, University of Otago, New Zealand, University of Padova, Italy, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland, CIBERCV, Spain, Emory University, United States, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama, Brown University, United States, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Statistics Canada, Canada, University College Dublin, Ireland, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France, Lusófona University, Portugal, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Italy, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Hypertension Research Center, Iran, University of Pécs, Hungary, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, South Korea, University Medical Science, Cuba, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain, RCSI Dublin, Ireland, La Trobe University, Australia, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poland, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Public Health, Panama, World Health Organization Country Office, Malawi, Department of Public Health, Myanmar, University of Brescia, Italy, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Ulm University, Germany, Kobe University, Japan, Suraj Eye Institute, India, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany, INSERM, France, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Viet Nam, The University of Pharmacy and Medicine of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Viet Nam, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, United States, University of Turku Tyks, Finland, Heartfile, Pakistan, Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Jordan, Tachikawa General Hospital, Japan, Academic Hospital of Paramaribo, Suriname, Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam, University of Madeira, Portugal, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, United Kingdom, Aarhus University, Denmark, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Switzerland, University of Coimbra, Portugal, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Italy, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Germany, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Italy, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates, Catholic University of Daegu, South Korea, Jivandeep Hospital, India, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, Vietnam National Heart Institute, Viet Nam, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cardiovascular Prevention Centre Udine, Italy, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Solomon Islands, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Spain, University of Split, Croatia, Digestive Oncology Research Center, Iran, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Iran, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Ministry of Health, Viet Nam, University of Turku, Finland, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, University of Malaya, Malaysia, University of Valencia, Spain, University of the Philippines, Philippines, Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Health, Brazil, Health Center San Agustín, Spain, PharmAccess Foundation, Netherlands, Universidade Nove de Julho, Brazil, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada, Canarian Health Service, Spain, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, India, Marmara University, Turkey, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain, University of Helsinki, Finland, National Institute of Health, Peru, Catalan Department of Health, Spain, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, University of Sao Paulo Clinics Hospital, Brazil, South Karelia Social and Health Care District, Finland, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Iran, Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Cyprus, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria, The University of Tokyo, Japan, Samsung Medical Center, South Korea, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, St Vincent's Hospital, Australia, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands, University of Bari, Italy, Lund University, Sweden, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Benin, University of Bordeaux, France, University of Leuven, Belgium, Bonn University, Germany, Sotiria Hospital, Greece, National Institute of Public Health- National Institute of Hygiene, Poland, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, Ministry of Health, Jordan, Health Service of Murcia, Spain, IB-SALUT Area de Salut de Menorca, Spain, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France, Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece, GovernmentMedical College, India, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, South Africa, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Ministry of Health, New Zealand, Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Venezuela, University of Tampere Tays Eye Center, Finland, Utrecht University, Netherlands, Hanoi University of Public Health, Viet Nam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Netherlands, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Spain, North Karelian Center for Public Health, Finland, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, University of Strasbourg, France, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia, Xinjiang Medical University, China, Capital Medical University, China, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Poland, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture, China, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China, University of Cyprus, Cyprus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, China, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain, State University of Montes Claros, Brazil, and University of Limpopo, South Africa
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sense organs - Abstract
Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups. © The Author(s) 2018.
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- 2018
7. ASSOCIATION OF URINARY LEVELS OF UROMODULIN AND UMOD RS1333226 WITH SERUM URIC ACID
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Milicic, B., primary, Simicevic, J., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Dapic, K., additional, Domislovic, V., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2019
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8. ADJUSTING EQUATIONS FOR GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE FOR BODY SURFACE AREA USING DUBOIS AND MOSTELLER FORMULAS
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Matasin, M., primary, Domislovic, V., additional, Dapic, K., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Brinar, I.V., additional, Jelakovic, A., additional, Simicevic, L., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Milicic, B., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2019
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9. CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE USING BERLIN INITIATIVE STUDY 1 EQUATION FOR ELDERLY AND SALAZAR CORCORAN EQUATION FOR OBESE SUBJECTS
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Matasin, M., primary, Domislovic, V., additional, Dapic, K., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Brinar, I.V., additional, Jelakovic, A., additional, Simicevic, L., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Milicic, B., additional, Levicki, R., additional, Matovinovic, M., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2019
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10. SODIUM-TO-POTASSIUM RATIO AND NEW ONSET HYPERTENSION
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Jelakovic, A., primary, Milicic, B., additional, Krtalic, B., additional, Gellineo, L., additional, Knezevic, T., additional, Premuzic, V., additional, Abramovic, M., additional, Domislovic, V., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Kos, J., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2019
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11. FREQUENCY OF AGT, ACE, AGTR1, ADRB1, UMOD AND ADIPOQ GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN PREHYPERTENSION
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Simicevic, L., primary, Milicic, B., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Djapic, K., additional, Domislovic, V., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Gellineo, L., additional, Jelakovic, A., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Bozina, T., additional, Lovric, J., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2019
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12. NEW ONSET CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH SODIUM INTAKE IN POPULATION WITH LOW POTASSIUM CONSUMPTION
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Premuzic, V., primary, Milicic, B., additional, Krtalic, B., additional, Gellineo, L., additional, Knezevic, T., additional, Jelakovic, A., additional, Dapic, K., additional, Matasin, M., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Kos, J., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2019
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13. Should the dilated ascending aorta be repaired at the time of bicuspid aortic valve replacement?
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Kaneko, T, Shekar, P, Ivkovic, V, Longford, NT, Huang, C-C, Sigurdsson, MI, Neely, RC, Yammine, M, Ejiofor, JI, Montiero Vieira, V, Shahram, JT, Habchi, KM, Malzberg, GW, Martin, PS, Bloom, J, Isselbacher, EM, Muehlschlegel, JD, Bicuspid Aortic Valve Consortium (BAVCon), Sundt III, TM, and Body, S
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Aortic valve ,Male ,Reoperation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Respiratory System ,Heart Valve Diseases ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Thoracic aortic aneurysm ,03 medical and health sciences ,Aortic aneurysm ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bicuspid aortic valve ,Aortic valve replacement ,Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease ,Internal medicine ,medicine.artery ,Ascending aorta ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aortic dissection ,Aged, 80 and over ,Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ,Aorta ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Aortic Aneurysm ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Treatment Outcome ,Aortic Valve ,Heart Valve Prosthesis ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular system ,Surgery ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Conventional Valve Operations - Abstract
Objectives Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital valvular abnormality and frequently presents with accelerated calcific aortic valve disease, requiring aortic valve replacement (AVR) and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Supporting evidence for Association Guidelines of aortic dimensions for aortic resection is sparse. We sought to determine whether concurrent repair of dilated or aneurysmal aortic disease during AVR in patients with BAV substantially improves morbidity and mortality outcomes. Methods Mortality and reoperation outcomes of 1301 adults with BAV and dilated aorta undergoing AVR-only surgery were compared to patients undergoing AVR with aortic resection (AVR-AR) using Cox proportional hazards modelling and patient matching. Results Clinically important differences in patient characteristics, aortic valve function and aortic dimensions were identified between cohorts. Event rates were low, with rates of reoperation and death within 1 year of only 1.8% and 5.4%, respectively, and no aortic dissection observed during follow-up. There were no significant differences in reoperation or mortality outcomes between the AVR-only and AVR-AR cohorts. Age, aortic dimension or a combination thereof was not associated with better or worse outcomes after each AVR-AR compared with AVR. Conclusions We conclude AVR-only and AVR-AR surgery have low morbidity and mortality and have utility over a wide range of age and aortic sizes. Our results do not provide support for the 45-mm aortic dimension recommended in the current guidelines for aortic resection while performing AVR or any other specific dimension.
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- 2017
14. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population- based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults
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Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Hamid ZA, …Dika Z..., Ivkovic V, ..., Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, ..., Kos J, ... Jureša V, ..., Majer M, Mišigoj Durakovic, Marjeta, Musil V, ..., Pecin I, Sorić, Maroje, and Ezzati M. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
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body mass index ,children ,adolescents ,adults - Abstract
Background Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods We pooled 2416 population- based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5– 19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5–19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Findings Regional change in age- standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (−0·01 kg/m2 per decade ; 95% credible interval −0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69–1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64–1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non- significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (−0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50– 1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age- standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4– 1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8–6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5– 1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7–9·1) in 2016 in boys ; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0–12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8–10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4–19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3–14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7–29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5–38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau ; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44– 117) million girls and 117 (70–178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24–89) million girls and 74 (39–125) million boys worldwide were obese. Interpretation The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. Funding Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.
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- 2017
15. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults
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Ezzati, M, Bentham, J, Di Cesare, M, Bilano, V, Bixby, H, Zhou, B, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Taddei, C, Hajifathalian, K, Lu, Y, Savin, S, Cowan, MJ, Paciore, CJ, Chiritaemandi, A, Hayes, AJ, Katz, J, Kelishadi, R, Kengne, AP, Khang, Y-H, Laxmaiah, A, Li, Y, Ma, J, Miranda, JJ, Mostafa, A, Neovius, M, Padez, C, Rampal, L, Zhu, A, Bennet, JE, Danaei, G, Bhutta, ZA, Abarca-Gomez, L, Abdeen, ZA, Hamid, ZA, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Acuin, C, Adams, RJ, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Agyemng, C, Ahmadvand, A, Ahrens, W, Ajlouni, K, Akhtaeva, N, Al-Hazzaa, HM, Al-Othman, AR, Al-Raddadi, R, AlBuhairan, F, AlDhukai, S, Ali, MM, Ali, O, Alkerwi, A, Alvarez-Pedrerol, M, Aly, E, Amarapurkar, DN, Amouyel, P, Amuzu, A, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Andrade, DS, Angquist, LH, Anjana, RM, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araujo, J, Arianse, I, Aris, T, Arlappa, N, Arveiler, D, Aryal, KK, Aspelund, T, Assah, FK, Assuncao, MCF, Aung, MS, Avdicova, M, Azevedo, A, Azizi, F, Babu, BV, Bahijri, S, Baker, JL, Balakrishna, N, Bamoshmoosh, M, Banach, M, Bandosz, P, Banegas, JR, Barbagallo, CM, Barcelo, A, Barkat, A, Barros, AJD, Barros, MVG, Bata, I, Batieha, AM, Batista, RL, Batyrbek, A, Baur, LA, Beaglehole, R, Ben Romdhane, H, Benedics, J, Benet, M, Bernabe, A, Bernotiene, G, Bettiol, H, Bhagyalaxmi, A, Bharadwaj, S, Bhargava, SK, Bhatti, Z, Bi, H, Bi, Y, Biehl, A, Bikbov, M, Bista, B, Bjelica, DJ, Bjerregaard, P, Bjertnes, E, Bjness, MB, Bjorkelund, C, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Boddy, LM, Boehm, BO, Boeing, H, Boggia, JG, Boissonnet, CP, Bonaccio, M, Bongard, V, Bovet, P, Braeckevelt, L, Braeckman, L, Bragt, MCE, Brajkovich, I, Branca, F, Breckenkamp, J, Breda, J, Brenner, H, Brewster, LM, Brian, GR, Brinduse, L, Bruno, G, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Bugge, A, Buoncristiano, M, Burazeri, G, Burns, C, Cabrera de Leon, A, Cacciottolo, J, Cai, H, Cama, T, Cameron, C, Camola, J, Can, G, Candido, APCC, Capanzana, M, Capuano, V, Cardoso, VC, Carlsson, AC, Carvalho, MJ, Casanueva, 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Author Publ Hlth, Suraj Eye Inst, Helen Keller Int, Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Univ Pharm & Med Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi Med Univ, Miami Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, Heartfile, Eastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network, State Univ Med & Pharm, Tachikawa Gen Hosp, Acad Hosp Paramaribo, Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Natl Food & Nutr Inst, Univ Madeira, Univ Puerto Rico, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Aarhus Univ, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Social & Prevent, Canc Prevent & Res Inst, Univ Wisconsin Madison, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Sofferenz, Zayed Univ, Catholic Univ Daegu, Tg Mures Univ Med & Pharm, Jivandeep Hosp, Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Spanish Agcy Consumer Affairs Social Serv & Nutr, Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Vietnam Natl Heart Inst, Univ Sarajevo, Cardiovasc Prevent Ctr Udine, Univ Hosp Pisa, Minist Hlth & Med Serv, Publ Hlth Agcy Catalonia, Inst Hosp Mar Invest Med, Agcy Prevent and Social Med, Digest Oncol Res Ctr, Digest Dis Res Inst, CHU Vaudois, Ctr Dis & Prevent Control, Alborz Univ Med Sci, BRAC, Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Univ Turku, Univ New South Wales, Inst Univ Invest Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol, Univ Malaya, Univ Valencia, Univ Philippines, Nutr Res Fdn, Minas Gerais State Secretariat Hlth, Hlth Ctr San Agustin, PharmAccess Fdn, Natl Inst Hlth Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Canarian Hlth Serv, Univ Ind Santander, Gothenburg Univ, Fiji Natl Univ, Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Univ Tunis El Mana, Univ Helsinki, Natl Inst Hlth Peru, Catalan Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Subdelegate Off, Univ Lisbon, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, South Karelia Social & Hlth Care Dist, Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Rigshosp, Lagos State Univ, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Baker Heart and Diabet Inst, Univ Tokyo, Samsung Med Ctr, Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, St Vincents Hosp, Acad Med Ctr Amsterdam, Hlth Polytech Jakarta II Inst, Univ Bari, Inst Reg Sante Publ, Univ Bordeaux, Inst Publ Hlth Republ Macedonia, Univ Leuven, Lamprecht & Stamm 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SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Medicine (all) - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T20:04:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-16 Wellcome Trust AstraZeneca Background Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128.9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31.5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Findings Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0.01 kg/m (2) per decade; 95% credible interval -0.42 to 0.39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease= 0.5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1.00 kg/m(2) per decade (0.69-1.35, PP> 0.9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0.95 kg/m (2) per decade (0.64-1.25, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0.09 kg/m(2) per decade (-0.33 to 0.49, PP= 0.6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0.77 kg/m (2) per decade (0.50-1.06, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0.7% (0.4-1.2) in 1975 to 5.6% (4.8-6.5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0.9% (0.5-1.3) in 1975 to 7.8% (6.7-9.1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9.2% (6.0-12.9) in 1975 to 8.4% (6.8-10.1) in 2016 in girls and from 14.8% (10.4-19.5) in 1975 to 12.4% (10.3-14.5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22.7% (16.7-29.6) among girls and 30.7% (23.5-38.0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. Interpretation The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. 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Technol, Cork, Ireland Univ La Laguna, San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain Univ Malta, Msida, Malta Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA Minist Hlth, Pangai, Tonga Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada Hosp Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Portugal Food & Nutr Res Inst, Manila, Philippines Santiago de Compostela Univ, Santiago De Compostela, Spain Assoc Calabrese Epatol, Perugia, Italy India Diabet Res Fdn, Delhi, India Duke NUS Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore Natl Inst Med Stat, New Delhi, India Acad Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Capital Inst Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R China Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Peoples R China Univ Oxford, Oxford, England Duke NUS MEd Sch, Singapore, Singapore Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Tel Aviv, Israel Natl Ctr Publ Hlth & Anal, Sofia, Bulgaria Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland Minist Hlth & Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan 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Rech Dev, Montpellier, France French Publ Hlth Agcy, St Maurice, France Univ Vale Rio Sino, Sao Leopoldo, Brazil Natl Council Sci & Tech Res, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran Natl Inst Nutr, Hanoi, Vietnam Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Ist Super Sanita, Rome, Italy Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Munich, Germany Minist Sante & Lutte Contre Sida, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire Cardinal Wyszynski Inst Cardiol, Warsaw, Poland Beijing Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Latvia, Riga, Latvia Univ Benin, Benin, Nigeria Univ Skovde, Skovde, Sweden Natl Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Tunis, Tunisia Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA Univ Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa Karadeniz Tech Univ, Trabzon, Turkey Univ Southern Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Natl Inst Hlth & Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Primary Health Care, Floriana, Malta Ctr Salud Villanueva Norte, Villanueva De La Serena, Spain Univ West Indies, Mona, Jamaica Hosp Don Benito Villanueva de la Serena, Villanueva De La Serena, Spain Minist Hlth, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Council Agr Res & Econ, Rome, Italy Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile Univ Toulouse, Sch Med, Toulouse, France Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England Univ Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico Univ Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia Umea Univ, Umea, Sweden Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden Univ West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Hosp Univ Son Espases, Palma De Mallorca, Spain Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil Kindai Univ, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan Med Univ Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Minist Hlth, Rome, Italy Univ Catania, Catania, Italy CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ, Barcelona, Spain Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, 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Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland Chron Diseases Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia Kingston Gen Hosp, Kingston, ON, Canada Heart Inst, Sao Paulo, Brazil Fdn Oftalmol Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia Univ Oran 1, Oran, Algeria Minist Hlth, Naypyitaw, Myanmar Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Amer Univ Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy Cardiol Mercato S Severino, Mercato San Severino, Italy Cairo Univ, Giza, Egypt Natl Inst Hlth & Nutr, Tokyo, Japan UHC Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan Hadassah Univ, Med Ctr, Jerusalem, Israel Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Irbid, Jordan Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Trondheim, Norway Sports Univ Tirana, Tirana, Albania Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Zagreb, Croatia Heart Fdn, 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Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Shiraz, Iran Inst Internal & Prevent Med, Novosibirsk, Russia Harokopio Univ, Kallithea, Greece Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Univ Padua, Padua, Italy Technol Educ Inst Crete, Iraklion, Greece Loughborough Univ Technol, Loughborough, Leics, England Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Lausanne Univ Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland Inst Hosp Mard Invest Med, Barcelona, Spain Mary Immaculate Coll, Limerick, Ireland Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA Hungarian Soc Sports Med, Budapest, Hungary Sherikashmir Inst Med Sci, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Tromso, Norway Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, Cape Town, South Africa Univ Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland Univ Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Stat Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Int Med Univ, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia INSERM, Villejuif, France Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Oberschleissheim, Germany Robert Koch Inst, Berlin, Germany Lusofona Univ, Lisbon, Portugal Democritus Univ Greece, Komotini, Greece Grigore T Popa Univ Med & Pharm, Iasi, Romania Univ Firenze, Florence, Italy Hypertens Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran Mulago Hosp, Kampala, Uganda Univ Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa Seoul Natl Univ, Childrens Hosp, Seoul, South Korea Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Med Sci, Havana, Cuba Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain R CSI Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Int Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Warsaw, Poland Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Ahwaz, Iran Gorgas Memorial Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, Panama Dept Publ Hlth, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar Univ Brescia, Brescia, Italy Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany Univ Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Mary Immaculate Coll, Tours, France Bushehr Univ Med Sci, Bushehr, Iran Ulm Univ, Ulm, Germany Inst Publ Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Banska Bystrica Reg Author Publ Hlth, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Helen Keller Int, Yaounde, Cameroon Karolinska Inst, Solna, Sweden Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam Univ Pharm & Med Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Hanoi Med Univ, Hanoi, Vietnam Miami Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, Miami, FL USA Heartfile, Islamabad, Pakistan Natl Canc Ctr, Tokyo, Japan Eastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network, Amman, Jordan State Univ Med & Pharm, Kishinev, Moldova Tachikawa Gen Hosp, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan Acad Hosp Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Surinam Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, Brazil Natl Food & Nutr Inst, Warsaw, Poland Minist Hlth, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Univ Fed Santa Catarin, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Madeira, Funchal, Portugal Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR USA MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Kumasi, Ghana Inst Social & Prevent, Lausanne, Switzerland Canc Prevent & Res Inst, Florence, Italy Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA IRCCS Casa Sollievo Sofferenz, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy Zayed Univ, Dubai, U Arab Emirates Catholic Univ Daegu, Gyongsan, South Korea Tg Mures Univ Med & Pharm, Targu Mures, Romania Jivandeep Hosp, Surat, India South African Med Res Council, Tygerberg, South Africa Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rene Rachou Res Inst, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Spanish Agcy Consumer Affairs Social Serv & Nutr, Madrid, Spain Univ Puerto Rico, Med Sci Campus, San Juan, PR USA Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran Vietnam Natl Heart Inst, Hanoi, Vietnam Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Bremen, Germany Univ Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg Cardiovasc Prevent Ctr Udine, Udine, Italy Univ Hosp Pisa, Pisa, Italy Minist Hlth & Med Serv, Honiara, Solomon Islands Publ Hlth Agcy Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Univ Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Inst Hosp Mar Invest Med, Barcelona, Spain Agcy Prevent and Social Med, Innsbruck, Austria Digest Oncol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran CHU Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland Ctr Dis & Prevent Control, Riga, Latvia Al Quds Univ, Jerusalem, Israel Alborz Univ Med Sci, Karaj, Iran Minist Hlth, Hanoi, Vietnam BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh Univ Turku, Turku, Finland India Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India Univ New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Inst Univ Invest Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain Univ Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines Nutr Res Fdn, Barcelona, Spain Minas Gerais State Secretariat Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Hlth Ctr San Agustin, San AgustIn, Spain PharmAccess Fdn, Amsterdam, Netherlands Natl Inst Hlth Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada Canarian Hlth Serv, Barcelona, Spain Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain Gothenburg Univ, Gothenburg, Sweden Fiji Natl Univ, Suva, Fiji CNR, Inst Food Sci, Rome, Italy Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India Univ Tunis El Mana, Tunis, Tunisia Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Natl Inst Hlth Peru, Lima, Peru Minist Hlth, South Jakarta, Indonesia Catalan Dept Hlth, Barcelona, Spain Publ Hlth Subdelegate Off, Barcelona, Spain Univ Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Sao Paulo, Clin Hosp, Sao Paulo, Brazil South Karelia Social & Hlth Care Dist, Lappeenranta, Finland Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark Minist Hlth, Naypyidaw, Myanmar Lagos State Univ, Coll Med, Lagos, Nigeria Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain Baker Heart and Diabet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Samsung Med Ctr, Seoul, South Korea Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland St Vincents Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Acad Med Ctr Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Hlth Polytech Jakarta II Inst, Jakarta, Indonesia Univ Bari, Bari, Italy Inst Reg Sante Publ, Cotonou, Benin Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France Inst Publ Hlth Republ Macedonia, Skopje, Macedonia Univ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Lamprecht & Stamm Sozialforsch & Beratung AG, Zurich, Switzerland INSERM, Paris, France Univ Bonn, Bonn, Germany Sotiria Hosp, Athens, Greece Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hyg, Warsaw, Poland Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales Fu Jen Catholic Univ, New Taipei, Taiwan Minist Hlth, Amman, Jordan Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru UNICEF, Yaounde, Cameroon Danish Canc Soc Res Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark Hlth Serv Murcia, Murcia, Spain Res & Educ Inst, Nicosia, Cyprus IB SALUT Area Salut Menorca, Palma de Mallorca, Spain Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy Hellen Hlth Fdn, Athens, Greece Univ Pharm & Med Ho Chi Min City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Governm Med Coll, Secunderabad, India Sefako Makgatho Hlth Sci Univ, Kangnung, South Korea Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Dasman Diabet Inst, Kuwait, Kuwait Minist Hlth, Thorndon, New Zealand Hellen Med Associat Obes, Athens, Greece Univ Ctr Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN USA Dokuz Eylul Univ, Izmir, Turkey Univ Tampere, Tays Eye Ctr, Tampere, Finland Polytech Inst Porto, Oporto, Portugal Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Bilthoven, Netherlands Fed Univ Pelota, Pelotas, Brazil Italian Natl Res Council, Rome, Italy Univ Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain Minist Hlth, Victoria, Seychelles North Karelian Ctr Publ Hlth, Joensuu, Finland ISGlobal Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Barcelona, Spain Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Med Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland Inst Med Res, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Xinjiang Med Univ, Urumqi, Peoples R China St Georges Univ London, London, England Univ Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia Natl Inst Hyg, Warsaw, Poland Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, Atenas, Costa Rica Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia Univ New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia Univ Mancheste, Manchester, Lancs, England Shandong Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China Kailuan Gen Hosp, Tangshan, Peoples R China Minist Agr, Inst Food & Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Childrens Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Univ Teknol MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia Capital Med Univ Beijing, An Zhen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China West Kazakhstan State Med Univ, Aktobe, Kazakhstan Inner Mongolia Med Univ, Hohhot, Peoples R China Gorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, Panama Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Published
- 2017
16. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants
- Author
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Zhou, B. and Bentham, J. and Di Cesare, M. and Bixby, H. and Danaei, G. and Cowan, M.J. and Paciorek, C.J. and Singh, G. and Hajifathalian, K. and Bennett, J.E. and Taddei, C. and Bilano, V. and Carrillo-Larco, R.M. and Djalalinia, S. and Khatibzadeh, S. and Lugero, C. and Peykari, N. and Zhang, W.Z. and Lu, Y. and Stevens, G.A. and Riley, L.M. and Bovet, P. and Elliott, P. and Gu, D. and Ikeda, N. and Jackson, R.T. and Joffres, M. and Kengne, A.P. and Laatikainen, T. and Lam, T.H. and Laxmaiah, A. and Liu, J. and Miranda, J.J. and Mondo, C.K. and Neuhauser, H.K. and Sundström, J. and Smeeth, L. and Sorić, M. and Woodward, M. and Ezzati, M. and Abarca-Gómez, L. and Abdeen, Z.A. and Rahim, H.A. and Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. and Acosta-Cazares, B. and Adams, R. and Aekplakorn, W. and Afsana, K. and Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. and Agyemang, C. and Ahmadvand, A. and Ahrens, W. and Al Raddadi, R. and Al Woyatan, R. and Ali, M.M. and Alkerwi, A. and Aly, E. and Amouyel, P. and Amuzu, A. and Andersen, L.B. 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Research, Malaysia, Xinjiang Medical University, China, Beijing Tongren Hospital, China, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture, China, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, University of Cyprus, Cyprus, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, and Inner Mongolia Medical University, China
- Abstract
Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. Funding Wellcome Trust. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license
- Published
- 2017
17. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants
- Author
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Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L.P., Pourshams, Akram, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margu, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricarda, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A, Rasmussen, Finn, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Robinson, Sian M, Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rosengren, Annika, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rui, Ornela, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Russo Horimoto, Andrea R V, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana, Santos, Ina S, dos Santos, Renata Nune, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Margolis, Giselle Sargana, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas C, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schneider, Ione J, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smith, Margaret C, Snijder, Marieke B, So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A, Starc, Gregor, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tang, Line, Tang, Xun, Tao, Yong, Tanser, Frank, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Matie, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T H, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M T, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, van Rossem, Lenie, van Valkengoed, Irene G.M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lar, Vega, Toma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W M Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrdoljak, Ana, Vrijheid, Martine, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Wederkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wijga, Alet H, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Tien Yin, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Woo, Jean, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shou Ling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad F, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M, Zambon, Sabina, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Yingffeng, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Zhu, Dan, and Eggertsen, Robert
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presión sanguínea ,hypertension ,Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna ,united-states ,humanos ,Blood Pressure ,systematic analysis ,Global Health ,Risk Factors ,General & Internal Medicine ,Prevalence ,factores de riesgo ,Humans ,secular trends ,cardiovascular risk-factors ,Medicine (all) ,global burden ,prevalencia ,Bayes Theorem ,gender-differences ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https] ,sodium-intake ,health examination surveys ,low-income ,teorema de Bayes - Abstract
Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19.1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127.0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125.7-128.3) in men and 122.3 mm Hg (121.0-123.6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.7 mm Hg (77.9-79.5) for men and 76.7 mm Hg (75.9-77.6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24.1% (21.4-27.1) in men and 20.1% (17.8-22.5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1.13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. Funding Wellcome Trust., Wellcome Trust.
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- 2017
18. Parkinson's disease influences the structural variations present in the leg swing kinematics.
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Ivkovic V, Kurz MJ, Ivkovic, Vladimir, and Kurz, Max J
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This study investigated the nature of the structural variations found in the motor output of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Young (n = 21; 19.9 ± 1.3 yrs.), aged (n = 9; 74.8 ± 6.8 yrs.) and individuals with PD (n = 9; 73.4 ± 6.6 yrs.) swung their leg at a pendular frequency and frequencies that were 20% faster and slower. This study had three key findings. First, individuals with PD have greater variability in the leg swing angular kinematics and swing times. These variations appear to be related to the 0-15 Hz band of the of angular displacement power spectrum. Second, changes in the structural variations appear to not be derived from a stochastic source. Third, the magnitude of the variations and the structure of the variations are influenced by the frequency that the leg is swung. These results are consistent with the viewpoint that changes in the magnitude of the variations and the regularity of the structural variations are dependent upon health and adaptability to the task dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
19. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015:a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants
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Zhou, B. (Bin), Bentham, J. (James), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Bixby, H. (Honor), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Singh, G. (Gitanjali), Hajifathalian, K. (Kaveh), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Taddei, C. (Cristina), Bilano, V. (Ver), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Khatibzadeh, S. (Shahab), Lugero, C. (Charles), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Zhang, W. Z. (Wan Zhu), Lu, Y. (Yuan), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Elliott, P. (Paul), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Joffres, M. (Michel), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Liu, J. (Jing), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Neuhauser, H. K. (Hannelore K.), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Soric, M. (Maroje), Woodward, M. (Mark), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Abdeen, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. (Robert), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Afsana, K. (Kaosar), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahmadvand, A. (Alireza), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Al Raddadi, R. (Rajaa), Al Woyatan, R. (Rihab), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Amuzu, A. (Antoinette), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Angquist, L. (Lars), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansong, D. (Daniel), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. (Krishna), Arveiler, D. (Dominique), Assah, F. K. (Felix K.), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Babu, B. V. (Bontha V.), Bahijri, S. (Suhad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Barros, A. J. (Aluisio J. D.), Barros, M. V. (Mauro V.), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benson, L. S. (Lowell S.), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhagyalaxmi, A. (Aroor), Bharadwaj, S. (Sumit), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjokelund, C. (Cecilia), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Bobak, M. (Martin), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Braeckman, L. (Lutgart), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Branca, F. (Francesco), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. (H. B. (as)), Bugge, A. (Anna), Burns, C. (Con), Bursztyn, M. (Michael), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cameron, C. (Christine), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carlsson, A. C. (Axel C.), Carvalho, M. J. (Maria J.), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Casas, J.-P. (Juan-Pablo), Caserta, C. A. (Carmelo A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chan, A. W. (Angelique W.), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Chaturvedi, H. K. (Himanshu K.), Chaturvedi, N. (Nishi), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, H. (Huashuai), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Dekkaki, I. C. (Imane Cherkaoui), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiolero, A. (Arnaud), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirita-Emandi, A. (Adela), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Cooper, R. (Rachel), Coppinger, T. C. (Tara C.), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Craig, C. L. (Cora L.), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Cruz, J. J. (Juan J.), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), De Backer, G. (Guy), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dias-da-Costa, J. S. (Juvenal Soares), Diaz, A. (Alejandro), Dickerson, T. T. (Ty T.), Do, H. T. (Ha T. P.), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doering, A. (Angela), Doua, K. (Kouamelan), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Dulskiene, V. (Virginija), Dzakula, A. (Aleksandar), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Ellert, U. (Ute), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Finn, J. D. (Joseph D.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Foeger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fortmann, S. P. (Stephen P.), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fuchs, F. D. (Flavio D.), Fuchs, S. C. (Sandra C.), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Gareta, D. (Dickman), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gates, L. (Louise), Gavrila, D. (Diana), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghasemian, A. (Anoosheh), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Goldsmith, R. A. (Rebecca A.), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Grafnetter, D. (Dusan), Grajda, A. (Aneta), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Gruden, G. (Grabriella), Grujic, V. (Vera), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Guimaraes, A. L. (Andre L.), Gulliford, M. C. (Martin C.), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gunter, M. (Marc), Gupta, P. C. (Prakash C.), Gureje, O. (Oye), Gurzkowska, B. (Beata), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Halkjaer, J. (Jytte), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hardy, R. (Rebecca), Harikumar, R. (Rachakulla), Hata, J. (Jun), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Hernandez Cadena, L. (Leticia), . (), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hihtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Dinc, G. H. (Gonul Horasan), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Hu, Y. (Yonghua), Maria Huerta, J. (Jose), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (M. Mohsen), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ivkovic, V. (Vanja), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Jurak, G. (Gregor), Juresa, V. (Vesna), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Boker, L. K. (Lital Keinan), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Kemper, H. C. (Han C. G.), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Key, T. (Timothy), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Korrovits, P. (Paul), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Koziel, S. (Slawomir), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steinar), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kruger, H. S. (Herculina S.), Kubinova, R. (Ruzena), Kuciene, R. (Renata), Kuh, D. (Diana), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kula, K. (Krzysztof), Kulaga, Z. (Zbigniew), Kumar, R. K. (R. Krishna), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kusuma, Y. S. (Yadlapalli S.), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Lachat, C. (Carl), Landrove, O. (Orlando), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Le, T. D. (Tuyen D.), Leclercq, C. (Catherine), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Lekhraj, R. (Rampal), Leon-Munoz, L. M. (Luz M.), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. (M.), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Litwin, M. (Mieczyslaw), Lorbeer, R. (Roberto), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Eugenio Lozano, J. (Jose), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Lytsy, P. (Per), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Ma, J. (Jun), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machi, S. (Suka), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Majer, M. (Marjeta), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malhotra, R. (Rahul), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Malyutina, S. (Sofia), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim I.), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Marrugat, J. (Jaume), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matijasevich, A. (Alicia), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mbanya, J. C. (Jean Claude N.), Posso, A. J. (Anselmo J. Mc Donald), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Khir, A. S. (Amir Sharifuddin Md), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Medzioniene, J. (Jurate), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Mi, J. (Jie), Mikkel, K. (Kairit), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Francisco Miquel, J. (Juan), Jaime Miranda, J. (J.), Misigoj-Durakovic, M. (Marjeta), Mohamed, M. K. (Mostafa K.), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Yusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli Mohd), Moller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Monyeki, K. D. (Kotsedi Daniel K.), Moreira, L. B. (Leila B.), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Mueller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Murphy, N. (Neil), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Musil, V. (Vera), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Namsna, J. (Jana), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Narake, S. (Sameer), Maria Navarrete-Munoz, E. (Eva), Ndiaye, N. C. (Ndeye Coumba), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Nishtar, S. (Sania), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noorbala, A. A. (Ahmad Ali), Norat, T. (Teresa), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Olinto, M. T. (Maria Teresa A.), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Overvad, K. (Kim), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Padez, C. (Cristina), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palli, D. (Domenico), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Papandreou, D. (Dimitrios), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Parsaeian, M. (Mahboubeh), Pecin, I. (Ivan), Pednekar, M. S. (Mangesh S.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peeters, P. H. (Petra H.), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Pelletier, C. (Catherine), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Marina Perez, R. (Rosa), Peters, A. (Annette), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pikhart, H. (Hynek), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Pitakaka, F. (Freda), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Polakowska, M. (Maria), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Pourshams, A. (Akram), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Prashant, M. (Mathur), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Puiu, M. (Maria), Punab, M. (Margus), Qasrawi, R. F. (Radwan F.), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radic, I. (Ivana), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahman, M. (Mahfuzar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Raj, M. (Manu), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Rangel Reina, D. A. (Daniel A.), Rasmussen, F. (Finn), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Riboli, E. (Elio), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Ritti-Dias, R. M. (Raphael M.), Robinson, S. M. (Sian M.), Robitaille, C. (Cynthia), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Rui, O. (Ornelas), Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, B. (Blanca), Russo Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V.), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Sakarya, S. (Sibel), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salazar Martinez, E. (Eduardo), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santos, D. (Diana), Santos, I. S. (Ina S.), dos Santos, R. N. (Renata Nunes), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Margolis, G. S. (Giselle Sarganas), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Schneider, I. J. (Ione J.), Schultsz, C. (Constance), Schutte, A. E. (Aletta E.), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Senbanjo, I. O. (Idowu O.), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjotrom, M. (Michael), Skovbjerg, S. (Sine), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smith, M. C. (Margaret C.), Snijder, M. B. (Marieke B.), So, H.-K. (Hung-Kwan), Sobngwi, E. (Eugene), Soderberg, S. (Stefan), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Song, Y. (Yi), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jerome, C. S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Staessen, J. A. (Jan A.), Starc, G. (Gregor), Stathopoulou, M. G. (Maria G.), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A. D. (Aryeh D.), Stergiou, G. S. (George S.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stoeckl, D. (Doris), Stocks, T. (Tanja), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M. W. (Maria Wany), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sung, Y.-T. (Yn-Tz), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R. G. (Rody G.), Tai, E. S. (E. Shyong), Tammesoo, M.-L. (Mari-Liis), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tang, L. (Line), Tang, X. (Xun), Tanser, F. (Frank), Tao, Y. (Yong), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Theobald, H. (Holger), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Tjonneland, A. (Anne), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Jose Tormo, M. (Maria), Torrent, M. (Maties), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trichopoulos, D. (Dimitrios), Trichopoulou, A. (Antonia), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Trivedi, A. (Atul), Tshepo, L. (Lechaba), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Turley, M. L. (Maria L.), Tynelius, P. (Per), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), van Rossem, L. (Lenie), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), Verschuren, W. M. (W. M. Monique), Verstraeten, R. (Roosmarijn), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Viet, L. (Lucie), Viikari-Juntura, E. (Eira), Vineis, P. (Paolo), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Vrdoljak, A. (Ana), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Mohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon Wan), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wareham, N. (Nicholas), Wederkopp, N. (Niels), Weerasekera, D. (Deepa), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, P. (Peter), Williams, E. A. (Emmanuel A.), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Woo, J. (Jean), Wu, A. G. (Aleksander Giwercman), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. L. (Shou Ling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad F.), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Zeng, Y. (Yi), Zhao, D. (Dong), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zheng, Y. (Yingffeng), Zhu, D. (Dan), Zimmermann, E. (Esther), Zuniga Cisneros, J. (Julio), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bentham, J. (James), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Bixby, H. (Honor), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Singh, G. (Gitanjali), Hajifathalian, K. (Kaveh), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Taddei, C. (Cristina), Bilano, V. (Ver), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Khatibzadeh, S. (Shahab), Lugero, C. (Charles), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Zhang, W. Z. (Wan Zhu), Lu, Y. (Yuan), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Elliott, P. (Paul), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Joffres, M. (Michel), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Liu, J. (Jing), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Neuhauser, H. K. (Hannelore K.), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Soric, M. (Maroje), Woodward, M. (Mark), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Abdeen, Z. A. (Ziad A.), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. (Robert), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Afsana, K. (Kaosar), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahmadvand, A. (Alireza), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Al Raddadi, R. (Rajaa), Al Woyatan, R. (Rihab), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Amuzu, A. (Antoinette), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Angquist, L. (Lars), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansong, D. (Daniel), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. (Krishna), Arveiler, D. (Dominique), Assah, F. K. (Felix K.), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Babu, B. V. (Bontha V.), Bahijri, S. (Suhad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Barros, A. J. (Aluisio J. D.), Barros, M. V. (Mauro V.), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benson, L. S. (Lowell S.), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhagyalaxmi, A. (Aroor), Bharadwaj, S. (Sumit), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjokelund, C. (Cecilia), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Bobak, M. (Martin), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Braeckman, L. (Lutgart), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Branca, F. (Francesco), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. (H. B. (as)), Bugge, A. (Anna), Burns, C. (Con), Bursztyn, M. (Michael), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cameron, C. (Christine), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carlsson, A. C. (Axel C.), Carvalho, M. J. (Maria J.), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Casas, J.-P. (Juan-Pablo), Caserta, C. A. (Carmelo A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chan, A. W. (Angelique W.), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Chaturvedi, H. K. (Himanshu K.), Chaturvedi, N. (Nishi), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, H. (Huashuai), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Dekkaki, I. C. (Imane Cherkaoui), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiolero, A. (Arnaud), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirita-Emandi, A. (Adela), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Cooper, R. (Rachel), Coppinger, T. C. (Tara C.), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Craig, C. L. (Cora L.), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Cruz, J. J. (Juan J.), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), De Backer, G. (Guy), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dias-da-Costa, J. S. (Juvenal Soares), Diaz, A. (Alejandro), Dickerson, T. T. (Ty T.), Do, H. T. (Ha T. P.), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doering, A. (Angela), Doua, K. (Kouamelan), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Dulskiene, V. (Virginija), Dzakula, A. (Aleksandar), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Ellert, U. (Ute), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Finn, J. D. (Joseph D.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Foeger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fortmann, S. P. (Stephen P.), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fuchs, F. D. (Flavio D.), Fuchs, S. C. (Sandra C.), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Gareta, D. (Dickman), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gates, L. (Louise), Gavrila, D. (Diana), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghasemian, A. (Anoosheh), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Goldsmith, R. A. (Rebecca A.), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Grafnetter, D. (Dusan), Grajda, A. (Aneta), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Gruden, G. (Grabriella), Grujic, V. (Vera), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Guimaraes, A. L. (Andre L.), Gulliford, M. C. (Martin C.), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gunter, M. (Marc), Gupta, P. C. (Prakash C.), Gureje, O. (Oye), Gurzkowska, B. (Beata), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Halkjaer, J. (Jytte), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hardy, R. (Rebecca), Harikumar, R. (Rachakulla), Hata, J. (Jun), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Hernandez Cadena, L. (Leticia), . (), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hihtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Dinc, G. H. (Gonul Horasan), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Hu, Y. (Yonghua), Maria Huerta, J. (Jose), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (M. Mohsen), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ivkovic, V. (Vanja), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Jurak, G. (Gregor), Juresa, V. (Vesna), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Boker, L. K. (Lital Keinan), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Kemper, H. C. (Han C. G.), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Key, T. (Timothy), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Korrovits, P. (Paul), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Koziel, S. (Slawomir), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steinar), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kruger, H. S. (Herculina S.), Kubinova, R. (Ruzena), Kuciene, R. (Renata), Kuh, D. (Diana), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kula, K. (Krzysztof), Kulaga, Z. (Zbigniew), Kumar, R. K. (R. Krishna), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kusuma, Y. S. (Yadlapalli S.), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Lachat, C. (Carl), Landrove, O. (Orlando), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Le, T. D. (Tuyen D.), Leclercq, C. (Catherine), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Lekhraj, R. (Rampal), Leon-Munoz, L. M. (Luz M.), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Fernanda Lima-Costa, M. (M.), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Litwin, M. (Mieczyslaw), Lorbeer, R. (Roberto), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Eugenio Lozano, J. (Jose), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Lytsy, P. (Per), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Ma, J. (Jun), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machi, S. (Suka), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Majer, M. (Marjeta), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malhotra, R. (Rahul), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Malyutina, S. (Sofia), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim I.), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Marrugat, J. (Jaume), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matijasevich, A. (Alicia), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mbanya, J. C. (Jean Claude N.), Posso, A. J. (Anselmo J. Mc Donald), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Khir, A. S. (Amir Sharifuddin Md), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Medzioniene, J. (Jurate), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Mi, J. (Jie), Mikkel, K. (Kairit), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Francisco Miquel, J. (Juan), Jaime Miranda, J. (J.), Misigoj-Durakovic, M. (Marjeta), Mohamed, M. K. (Mostafa K.), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Yusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli Mohd), Moller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Monyeki, K. D. (Kotsedi Daniel K.), Moreira, L. B. (Leila B.), Morejon, A. 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(Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Overvad, K. (Kim), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Padez, C. (Cristina), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palli, D. (Domenico), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Papandreou, D. (Dimitrios), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Parsaeian, M. (Mahboubeh), Pecin, I. (Ivan), Pednekar, M. S. (Mangesh S.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peeters, P. H. (Petra H.), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Pelletier, C. (Catherine), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Marina Perez, R. (Rosa), Peters, A. (Annette), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pikhart, H. (Hynek), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Pitakaka, F. (Freda), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Polakowska, M. (Maria), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Pourshams, A. 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(Yong), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Theobald, H. (Holger), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Tjonneland, A. (Anne), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Jose Tormo, M. (Maria), Torrent, M. (Maties), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trichopoulos, D. (Dimitrios), Trichopoulou, A. (Antonia), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Trivedi, A. (Atul), Tshepo, L. (Lechaba), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Turley, M. L. (Maria L.), Tynelius, P. (Per), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), van Rossem, L. (Lenie), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Veronesi, G. 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(Frederick C.), Wu, S. L. (Shou Ling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad F.), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Zeng, Y. (Yi), Zhao, D. (Dong), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zheng, Y. (Yingffeng), Zhu, D. (Dan), Zimmermann, E. (Esther), and Zuniga Cisneros, J. (Julio)
- Abstract
Background: Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods: For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings: We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19.1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127.0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125.7–128.3) in men and 122.3 mm Hg (121.0–123.6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.7 mm Hg (77.9–79.5) for men and 76.7 mm Hg (75.9–77.6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24.1% (21.4–27.1) in men and 20.1% (17.8–22.5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in
- Published
- 2017
20. A century of trends in adult human height
- Author
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Bentham, J. (James), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Stevens, G.A. (Gretchen A.), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bixby, H. (Honor), Cowan, M. (Melanie), Fortunato, L. (Léa), Bennett, J.E. (James E.), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Hajifathalian, K. (Kaveh), Lu, Y. (Yuan), Riley, L.M. (Leanne M.), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Kontis, V. (Vasilis), Paciorek, C.J. (Christopher J.), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Abdeen, Z.A. (Ziad A.), Hamid, Z.A. (Zargar Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. (Robert), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. (Carlos), Agyemang, C.O. (Charles), Ahmadvand, A. (Alireza), Ahrens, W. (W.), Al-Hazzaa, H.M. (Hazzaa M.), Al-Othman, A.R. (Amani Rashed), Raddadi, R.A. (Rajaa Al), Ali, M.M. (Mohamed M.), Alkerwi, A. (Ala’a), Alvarez-Pedrerol, M. (Mar), Aly, E. (Eman), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Amuzu, A. (Antoinette), Andersen, L.B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S.A. (Sigmund A.), Anjana, R.M. (Ranjit Mohan), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Arveiler, D. (Dominique), Assah, F.K. (Felix K.), Avdicová, M. (Mária), Azizi, J. (Joshan), Babu, B.V. (Bontha V.), Bahijri, S. (Suhad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J.R. (José R.), Barbagallo, C.M. (Carlo M.), Barceló, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Barros, M.V. (Mauro V.), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A.M. (Anwar M.), Batista, R.L. (Rosangela L.), Baur, L.A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Romdhane, H.B. (Habiba Ben), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhagyalaxmi, A. (Aroor), Bharadwaj, S. (Sumit), Bhargava, S.K. (Santosh K.), Bhatti, Z. (Zaid), Bhutta, Z.A. (Zulfiqar A), Bi, H. (Hongsheng), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjertness, M.B. (Marius B.), Björkelund, C. (Cecilia), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Bobak, M. (Martin), Boddy, L.M. (Lynne M.), Boehm, B.O. (Bernhard), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boissonnet, C.P. (Carlos P.), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Braeckman, L. (Lutgart), Bragt, M.C.E. (Marjolijn C. E.), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Branca, F. (Francesco), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L.M. (Lizzy), Brian, G.R. (Garry R.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. (H. Bas), Bugge, A. (Anna), Burns, C. (Con), De León, A.C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cacciottolo, J. (Joseph), Cama, T. (Tilema), Cameron, C. (Christine), Camolas, J. (José), Can, G. (Günay), Cândido, A.P.C. (Ana Paula C.), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V.C. (Viviane C.), Carlsson, A.C. (Axel C.), Carvalho, M.J. (Maria J.), Casanueva, F.F. (Felipe F.), Casas, J.P. (Juan Pablo), Caserta, C.A. (Carmelo A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chan, A.W.M. (Angelique), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Chaturvedi, H.K. (Himanshu K.), Chaturvedi, N. (Nishi), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, H. (Huashuai), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiolero, A. (Arnaud), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirita-Emandi, A. (Adela), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Christensen, K. (Kaare), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Claessens, F., Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Cooper, C. (Charles), Cooper, R. (Rachel), Coppinger, T.C. (Tara C.), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Craig, C.L. (Cora L.), Crujeiras, A.B. (Ana B.), D’Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d’Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J., Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Damsgaard, C.T. (Camilla T.), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dauchet, L. (Luc), De Backer, G. (Guy), De Bacquer, D. (Dirk), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Deev, A.D. (Alexander D.), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Hélène), Delpeuch, F. (Francis), Deschamps, V. (Valérie), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Di Castelnuovo, A.F. (Augusto F.), Dias-da-Costa, J.S. (Juvenal Soares), Diaz, A. (Alejandro), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Do, H.T.P. (Ha T. P.), Dobson, A.J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S.P. (Silvana P.), Döring, A. (Angela), Doua, K. (Kouamelan), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Egbagbe, E.E. (Eruke E.), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Elliott, P. (Paul), Engle-Stone, R. (Reina), Erasmus, R.T. (Rajiv T.), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Escobedo-de la Peña, J. (Jorge), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C.H. (Caroline H.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Felix-Redondo, F.J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T.S. (Trevor S.), Fernández-Bergés, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Finn, J.D. (Joseph D.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Flores, E.M. (Eric Monterubio), Föger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L.H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fortmann, S.P. (Stephen), Fouad, H.M. (Heba M.), Francis, D.K. (Damian K.), Do Carmo Franco, M. (Maria), Franco, O.H. (Oscar), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fuchs, F.D. (Flavio D.), Fuchs, S.C. (Sandra C.), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Gafencu, M. (Mihai), Gareta, D. (Dickman), Garnett, S.P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gates, L. (Louise), Geleijnse, J.M. (Marianne), Ghasemian, A. (Anoosheh), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Giwercman, A. (Aleksander), Goldsmith, R.A. (Rebecca A.), Gonçalves, H. (Helen), Gross, M., González Rivas, J.P. (Juan P.), Gorbea, M.B. (Mariano Bonet), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Grafnetter, D. (Dušan), Grajda, A. (Aneta), Grammatikopoulou, M.G. (Maria G.), Gregor, R.D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grøntved, A. (Anders), Gruden, G. (Grabriella), Grujic, V. (Vera), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Gualdi-Russo, E. (Emanuela), Guan, O.P. (Ong Peng), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Guimaraes, A.L. (Andre L.), Gulliford, M.C. (Martin C.), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gunter, M. (Marc), Guo, X. (Xiuhua), Guo, Y. (Yin), Gupta, P.C. (Prakash C.), Gureje, O. (Oye), Gurzkowska, B. (Beata), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Halkjær, J., Hambleton, I.R. (Ian R.), Hardy, R., Kumar, R.H. (Rachakulla Hari), Hata, J. (Jun), Hayes, A.J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), Hendriks, M.E. (Marleen), Cadena, L.H. (Leticia Hernandez), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hihtaniemi, I.T. (Ilpo Tapani), Ho, S.Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Hormiga, C.M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B.L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T.T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A.S. (Aung Soe), Htike, M.M.T. (Maung Maung Than), Hu, Y. (Yonghua), Husseini, A. (Abdullatif), Huu, C.N. (Chinh Nguyen), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A.G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M.M. (Mohsen M.), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Irazola, V. (Vilma), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ivkovic, V. (Vanja), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jackson, R.T. (Rod T.), Jacobs, J.M. (Jeremy M.), Jafar, T.H. (Tazeen), Jamil, K.M. (Kazi M.), Jamrozik, K., Janszky, I. (Imre), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jiang, C.Q. (Chao Qiang), Joffres, M. (Michel), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Jonas, J.B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Jurak, G. (Gregor), Jureša, V. (Vesna), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kapantais, E. (Efthymios), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Keil, M. (Mark), Boker, L.K. (Lital Keinan), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Kemper, H.C.G., Kengne, A.P. (Andre Pascal), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Key, T. (Tim), Khader, Y.S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khouw, I.M.S.L. (Ilse M. S. L.), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Klimont, J. (Jeannette), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Koirala, B. (Bhawesh), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Korrovits, P. (Paul), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Koziel, S. (Slawomir), Kratzer, W. (Wolfgang), Krokstad, S. (Steinar), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kruger, H.S. (Herculina S.), Kubinova, R., Kujala, U.M. (Urho), Kula, K. (Krzysztof), Kulaga, Z. (Zbigniew), Krishna Kumar, R., Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kusuma, Y.S. (Yadlapalli S.), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Laamiri, F.Z. (Fatima Zahra), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lachat, C. (Carl), Laid, Y. (Youcef), Lam, T.H. (Tai Hing), Landrove, O. (Orlando), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Laugsand, L.E. (Lars E.), Bao, K.L.N. (Khanh Le Nguyen), Le, T.D. (Tuyen D.), Leclercq, C. (Catherine), Lee, J.J.M. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Lekhraj, R. (Rampal), León-Muñoz, L.M. (Luz M.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C.L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Fernanda Lima-Costa, M., Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Litwin, M. (Mieczyslaw), Liu, J. (Jing), Lorbeer, R. (Roberto), Lotufo, P.A. (Paulo A), Lozano, J.E. (José Eugenio), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Lytsy, P. (Per), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Ma, J. (Jun), Machado-Coelho, G.L.L. (George L. L.), Machi, S. (Suka), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D.J., Maire, B. (Bernard), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malhotra, R. (Rahul), Rao, K.M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Malyutina, S., Manios, Y., Mann, J.I. (Jim I.), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Markey, O. (Oonagh), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Marrugat, J. (Jaume), Martin-Prevel, Y. (Yves), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Masoodi, S.R. (Shariq R.), Mathiesen, E.B. (Ellisiv), Matsha, T.E. (Tandi E.), Mazur, A. (Artur), Mbanya, J.C.N. (Jean Claude N.), McFarlane, S.R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S.T. (Stephen T.), McKee, M. (Martin), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R.M. (Rachael M.), McNulty, B.A. (Breige A.), Yusof, S.M. (Safiah Md), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A.M.B. (Ana Maria B.), Mensink, G.B.M. (Gert B. M.), Meshram, I.I. (Indrapal I.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Mi, J. (Jie), Michaelsen, K.F., Mikkel, K. (Kairit), Miller, J.C. (Jody C.), Miquel, J.F. (Juan Francisco), Jaime Miranda, J., Mišigoj-Durakovic, M. (Marjeta), Mohamed, M.K. (Mostafa K.), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Yusoff, M.F.M. (Muhammad Fadhli Mohd), Molbo, D. (Drude), Møller, N.C. (Niels C.), Molnár, D. (Dénes), Mondo, C.K. (Charles K.), Monterrubio, E.A. (Eric A.), Monyeki, K.D.K. (Kotsedi Daniel K.), Moreira, L.B. (Leila B.), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Mortensen, E.L. (Erik Lykke), Moschonis, G., Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M.E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Mu, T.T. (Thet Thet), Muiesan, M.L. (Maria Lorenza), Müller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Murphy, N. (Neil), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Murtagh, E.M. (Elaine M.), Musa, K.I. (Kamarul Imran), Musil, V. (Vera), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Námešná, J. (Jana), Nang, E.E.K. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, M. (Monika), Nankap, M. (Martin), Narake, S. (Sameer), Navarrete-Muñoz, E.M., Neal, W.A. (William A.), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Neovius, M. (Martin), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Neuhauser, H.K. (Hannelore K.), Nguyen, N.D. (Nguyen D.), Nguyen, Q.N. (Quang Ngoc), Nieto-Martínez, R.E. (Ramfis E.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Nishtar, S. (Sania), Noale, M. (Marianna), Norat, T. (Teresa), Noto, D. (Davide), Nsour, M.A. (Mohannad Al), O’Reilly, D. (Dermot), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Olayan, I.H. (Iman H.), Olinto, M.T.A. (Maria Teresa Anselmo), Oltarzewski, M. (Maciej), Omar, M.A. (Mohd A.), Onat, A. (Altan), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Ortiz, A.P. (Ana P.), Osler, M. (Merete), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S.M. (Sergej M.), Otero, J.A. (Johanna A.), Overvad, K. (Kim), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F.M. (Fred Michel), Padez, C. (Cristina), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palli, D. (Domenico), Palloni, A. (Alberto), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Parnell, W.R. (Winsome R.), Parsaeian, M. (Mahboubeh), Pecin, I. (Ivan), Pednekar, M.S. (Mangesh S.), Peeters, P.H.M., Peixoto, S.V. (Sergio Viana), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. (A.), Pérez, C.M. (Cynthia M.), Peters, A., Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Pham, S.T. (Son Thai), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pikhart, H. (Hynek), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, A. (Alberto), Pistelli, F. (Francesco), Pitakaka, F. (Freda), Piwonska, A. (Aleksandra), Plans-Rubió, P. (Pedro), Poh, B.K. (Bee Koon), Porta, M., Portegies, M.L.P. (Marileen), Poulimeneas, D. (Dimitrios), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Prashant, M. (Mathur), Price, J.F. (Jackie F.), Puiu, M. (Maria), Punab, M. (Margus), Qasrawi, R.F. (Radwan F.), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Bao, T.Q. (Tran Quoc), Radic, I. (Ivana), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahman, M.-M. (Mah-mudur), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Raj, M. (Manu), Rao, S.R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramachandran, A. (Ambady), Ramke, J. (Jacqueline), Ramos, R. (Rafel), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Rasmussen, F. (Finn), Redón, J. (Josep), Reganit, P.F.M. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Riboli, E. (Elio), Rigo, F. (Fernando), Rinke de Wit, T.F. (Tobias), Ritti-Dias, R.M. (Raphael M.), Rivera, J.A. (Juan A.), Robinson, S.M. (Siân), Robitaille, C. (Cynthia), Rodríguez Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M. (María), Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A. (Laura A.), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Rojroong-Wasinkul, N. (Nipa), Romaguera, D. (Dora), Ronkainen, K. (Kimmo), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Rouse, I. (Ian), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Rühli, F.J. (Frank J.), Rui, O. (Ornelas), Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S. (Blanca Sandra), Russo Horimoto, A.R.V. (Andrea R. V.), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H.S. (Harshpal S.), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Martinez, E.S. (Eduardo Salazar), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J.T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sánchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sandjaja, Sans, S. (Susana), Santos, D.A. (Diana A.), Santos, O. (Osvaldo), Dos Santos, R.N. (Renata Nunes), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. (Jouko), Sardinha, L.B. (Luis B.), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S., Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Rosario, A.S. (Angelika Schaffrath), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Schienkiewitz, A. (Anja), Schmidt, I.M. (Ida Maria), Schneider, I.J.C. (Ione J C), Schultsz, C. (Constance), Schutte, A.E. (Aletta E.), Sein, A.A. (Aye Aye), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Senbanjo, I.O. (Idowu O.), Sepanlou, S.G. (Sadaf G), Shalnova, S.A. (Svetlana A.), Sharma, S.K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J.E., Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shin, D.W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A.M. (Abla M.), Silva, A.M. (Antonio M.), Silva, D.A.S. (Diego Augusto Santos), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L.A. (Leon), Sjostrom, M. (Michael), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Smith, M.C. (Margaret C.), Snijder, M.B. (Marieke), So, H.-K. (Hung-Kwan), Sobngwi, E. (Eugène), Söderberg, S. (Stefan), Soekatri, M.Y.E. (Moesijanti Y. E.), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Song, Y. (Yi), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Soric, M. (Maroje), Jérome, C.S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Staessen, J.A. (Jan), Starc, G. (Gregor), Stathopoulou, M.G. (Maria G.), Staub, K. (Kaspar), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A.D. (Aryeh D.), Stergiou, G.S. (George S.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stöckl, D. (Doris), Stocks, T. (Tanja), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stratton, G. (Gareth), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M.W. (Maria Wany), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sundström, J. (Johan), Sung, Y.-T. (Yn-Tz), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Swinburn, B.A. (Boyd A.), Sy, R.G. (Rody G.), Szponar, L. (Lucjan), Shyong Tai, E., Tammesoo, M.L., Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tang, L. (Line), Tang, X. (Xun), Tanser, F. (Frank), Tao, Y. (Yong), Tarawneh, M.R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarp, J. (Jakob), Tarqui-Mamani, C.B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Tchibindat, F. (Félicité), Theobald, H. (Holger), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, L. (Leif), Tjønneland, A. (Anne), Tolonen, H.K. (Hanna K.), Tolstrup, J.S. (Janne S.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topór-Madry, R. (Roman), Torrent, M. (Maties), Toselli, S. (Stefania), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trichopoulou, A. (Antonia), Trichopoulos, D. (Dimitrios), Trinh, O.T.H. (Oanh T. H.), Trivedi, A. (Atul), Tshepo, L. (Lechaba), Tulloch-Reid, M.K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Turley, M.L. (Maria L.), Tynelius, P. (Per), Tzotzas, T. (Themistoklis), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ukoli, F.A.M. (Flora A. M.), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Unal, B. (Belgin), Uusitalo, H.M.T. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Vale, S. (Susana), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), Schouw, Y.T. (Yvonne) van der, Van Herck, K. (Koen), Van Minh, H. (Hoang), Rossem, L. (Lenie) van, Valkengoed, I. (Irene) van, Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), Monique Verschuren, W.M., Verstraeten, R. (Roosmarijn), Victora, C.G. (Cesar G.), Viegi, G., Viet, L. (Lucie), Viikari-Juntura, E. (Eira), Vineis, P. (Paolo), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J.K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Voutilainen, S. (Sari), Vrdoljak, A. (Ana), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Wade, A.N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Mohamud, W.N.W. (Wan Nazaimoon Wan), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. (Ying), Goya Wannamethee, S., Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Weerasekera, D. (Deepa), Whincup, P.H. (Peter), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I.S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A.H. (Alet), Wilks, R.J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, J. (Johann), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong, J.E. (Jyh Eiin), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Yin), Woo, J. (Jean), Woodward, M. (Mark), Wu, F.C.W. (Frederick C.), Wu, J. (Jianfeng), Wu, S.L. (Shou Ling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Xu, L. (Liang), Yamborisut, U. (Uruwan), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Yardim, N. (Nazan), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yiallouros, P.K. (P.), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), You, Q.S. (Qi Sheng), Younger-Coleman, N.O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A.F. (Ahmad F.), Zainuddin, A.A. (Ahmad A.), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zdrojewski, T. (T.), Zeng, Y. (Yi), Zhao, D. (Dong), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zheng, Y. (Yingfeng), Zhou, M. (Ming), Zhu, D. (Dan), Zimmermann, E., Cisneros, J.Z. (Julio Zuñiga), Bentham, J. (James), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Stevens, G.A. (Gretchen A.), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bixby, H. (Honor), Cowan, M. (Melanie), Fortunato, L. (Léa), Bennett, J.E. (James E.), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Hajifathalian, K. (Kaveh), Lu, Y. (Yuan), Riley, L.M. (Leanne M.), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Kontis, V. (Vasilis), Paciorek, C.J. (Christopher J.), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Abdeen, Z.A. (Ziad A.), Hamid, Z.A. (Zargar Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. (Robert), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. (Carlos), Agyemang, C.O. (Charles), Ahmadvand, A. (Alireza), Ahrens, W. (W.), Al-Hazzaa, H.M. (Hazzaa M.), Al-Othman, A.R. (Amani Rashed), Raddadi, R.A. (Rajaa Al), Ali, M.M. (Mohamed M.), Alkerwi, A. (Ala’a), Alvarez-Pedrerol, M. (Mar), Aly, E. (Eman), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Amuzu, A. (Antoinette), Andersen, L.B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S.A. (Sigmund A.), Anjana, R.M. (Ranjit Mohan), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Arveiler, D. (Dominique), Assah, F.K. (Felix K.), Avdicová, M. (Mária), Azizi, J. (Joshan), Babu, B.V. (Bontha V.), Bahijri, S. (Suhad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J.R. (José R.), Barbagallo, C.M. (Carlo M.), Barceló, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Barros, M.V. (Mauro V.), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A.M. (Anwar M.), Batista, R.L. (Rosangela L.), Baur, L.A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Romdhane, H.B. (Habiba Ben), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhagyalaxmi, A. (Aroor), Bharadwaj, S. (Sumit), Bhargava, S.K. (Santosh K.), Bhatti, Z. (Zaid), Bhutta, Z.A. (Zulfiqar A), Bi, H. (Hongsheng), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjertness, M.B. (Marius B.), Björkelund, C. (Cecilia), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Bobak, M. (Martin), Boddy, L.M. (Lynne M.), Boehm, B.O. (Bernhard), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boissonnet, C.P. (Carlos P.), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Braeckman, L. (Lutgart), Bragt, M.C.E. (Marjolijn C. E.), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Branca, F. (Francesco), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L.M. (Lizzy), Brian, G.R. (Garry R.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. (H. Bas), Bugge, A. (Anna), Burns, C. (Con), De León, A.C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cacciottolo, J. (Joseph), Cama, T. (Tilema), Cameron, C. (Christine), Camolas, J. (José), Can, G. (Günay), Cândido, A.P.C. (Ana Paula C.), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V.C. (Viviane C.), Carlsson, A.C. (Axel C.), Carvalho, M.J. (Maria J.), Casanueva, F.F. (Felipe F.), Casas, J.P. (Juan Pablo), Caserta, C.A. (Carmelo A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chan, A.W.M. (Angelique), Chan, Q. (Queenie), Chaturvedi, H.K. (Himanshu K.), Chaturvedi, N. (Nishi), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, H. (Huashuai), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiolero, A. (Arnaud), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirita-Emandi, A. (Adela), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Christensen, K. (Kaare), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Claessens, F., Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Cooper, C. (Charles), Cooper, R. (Rachel), Coppinger, T.C. (Tara C.), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Craig, C.L. (Cora L.), Crujeiras, A.B. (Ana B.), D’Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d’Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J., Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Damsgaard, C.T. (Camilla T.), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dauchet, L. (Luc), De Backer, G. (Guy), De Bacquer, D. (Dirk), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Deev, A.D. (Alexander D.), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Hélène), Delpeuch, F. (Francis), Deschamps, V. (Valérie), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Di Castelnuovo, A.F. (Augusto F.), Dias-da-Costa, J.S. (Juvenal Soares), Diaz, A. (Alejandro), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Do, H.T.P. (Ha T. P.), Dobson, A.J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S.P. (Silvana P.), Döring, A. (Angela), Doua, K. (Kouamelan), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Egbagbe, E.E. (Eruke E.), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Elliott, P. (Paul), Engle-Stone, R. (Reina), Erasmus, R.T. (Rajiv T.), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Escobedo-de la Peña, J. (Jorge), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C.H. (Caroline H.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Felix-Redondo, F.J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T.S. (Trevor S.), Fernández-Bergés, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Finn, J.D. (Joseph D.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Flores, E.M. (Eric Monterubio), Föger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L.H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fortmann, S.P. (Stephen), Fouad, H.M. (Heba M.), Francis, D.K. (Damian K.), Do Carmo Franco, M. (Maria), Franco, O.H. (Oscar), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fuchs, F.D. (Flavio D.), Fuchs, S.C. (Sandra C.), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Gafencu, M. (Mihai), Gareta, D. (Dickman), Garnett, S.P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gates, L. (Louise), Geleijnse, J.M. (Marianne), Ghasemian, A. (Anoosheh), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Giwercman, A. (Aleksander), Goldsmith, R.A. (Rebecca A.), Gonçalves, H. (Helen), Gross, M., González Rivas, J.P. (Juan P.), Gorbea, M.B. (Mariano Bonet), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Grafnetter, D. (Dušan), Grajda, A. (Aneta), Grammatikopoulou, M.G. (Maria G.), Gregor, R.D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grøntved, A. (Anders), Gruden, G. (Grabriella), Grujic, V. (Vera), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Gualdi-Russo, E. (Emanuela), Guan, O.P. (Ong Peng), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Guimaraes, A.L. (Andre L.), Gulliford, M.C. (Martin C.), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gunter, M. (Marc), Guo, X. (Xiuhua), Guo, Y. (Yin), Gupta, P.C. (Prakash C.), Gureje, O. (Oye), Gurzkowska, B. (Beata), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Halkjær, J., Hambleton, I.R. (Ian R.), Hardy, R., Kumar, R.H. (Rachakulla Hari), Hata, J. (Jun), Hayes, A.J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), Hendriks, M.E. (Marleen), Cadena, L.H. (Leticia Hernandez), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hihtaniemi, I.T. (Ilpo Tapani), Ho, S.Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S.C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Hormiga, C.M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B.L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T.T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A.S. (Aung Soe), Htike, M.M.T. (Maung Maung Than), Hu, Y. (Yonghua), Husseini, A. (Abdullatif), Huu, C.N. (Chinh Nguyen), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A.G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M.M. (Mohsen M.), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Irazola, V. (Vilma), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ivkovic, V. (Vanja), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jackson, R.T. (Rod T.), Jacobs, J.M. (Jeremy M.), Jafar, T.H. (Tazeen), Jamil, K.M. (Kazi M.), Jamrozik, K., Janszky, I. (Imre), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jiang, C.Q. (Chao Qiang), Joffres, M. (Michel), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Jonas, J.B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Jurak, G. (Gregor), Jureša, V. (Vesna), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kapantais, E. (Efthymios), Kasaeian, A. (Amir), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Keil, M. (Mark), Boker, L.K. (Lital Keinan), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Kemper, H.C.G., Kengne, A.P. (Andre Pascal), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Key, T. (Tim), Khader, Y.S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khouw, I.M.S.L. (Ilse M. S. L.), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Klimont, J. (Jeannette), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Koirala, B. (Bhawesh), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Korrovits, P. (Paul), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Koziel, S. (Slawomir), Kratzer, W. (Wolfgang), Krokstad, S. (Steinar), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kruger, H.S. (Herculina S.), Kubinova, R., Kujala, U.M. (Urho), Kula, K. (Krzysztof), Kulaga, Z. (Zbigniew), Krishna Kumar, R., Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kusuma, Y.S. (Yadlapalli S.), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Laamiri, F.Z. (Fatima Zahra), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lachat, C. (Carl), Laid, Y. (Youcef), Lam, T.H. (Tai Hing), Landrove, O. (Orlando), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Laugsand, L.E. (Lars E.), Bao, K.L.N. (Khanh Le Nguyen), Le, T.D. (Tuyen D.), Leclercq, C. (Catherine), Lee, J.J.M. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Lekhraj, R. (Rampal), León-Muñoz, L.M. (Luz M.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C.L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Fernanda Lima-Costa, M., Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Litwin, M. (Mieczyslaw), Liu, J. (Jing), Lorbeer, R. (Roberto), Lotufo, P.A. (Paulo A), Lozano, J.E. (José Eugenio), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Lytsy, P. (Per), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Ma, J. (Jun), Machado-Coelho, G.L.L. (George L. L.), Machi, S. (Suka), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D.J., Maire, B. (Bernard), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, R. (Reza), Malhotra, R. (Rahul), Rao, K.M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Malyutina, S., Manios, Y., Mann, J.I. (Jim I.), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Markey, O. (Oonagh), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Marrugat, J. (Jaume), Martin-Prevel, Y. (Yves), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Masoodi, S.R. (Shariq R.), Mathiesen, E.B. (Ellisiv), Matsha, T.E. (Tandi E.), Mazur, A. (Artur), Mbanya, J.C.N. (Jean Claude N.), McFarlane, S.R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S.T. (Stephen T.), McKee, M. (Martin), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R.M. (Rachael M.), McNulty, B.A. (Breige A.), Yusof, S.M. (Safiah Md), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A.M.B. (Ana Maria B.), Mensink, G.B.M. (Gert B. M.), Meshram, I.I. (Indrapal I.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Mi, J. (Jie), Michaelsen, K.F., Mikkel, K. (Kairit), Miller, J.C. (Jody C.), Miquel, J.F. (Juan Francisco), Jaime Miranda, J., Mišigoj-Durakovic, M. (Marjeta), Mohamed, M.K. (Mostafa K.), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Yusoff, M.F.M. (Muhammad Fadhli Mohd), Molbo, D. (Drude), Møller, N.C. (Niels C.), Molnár, D. (Dénes), Mondo, C.K. (Charles K.), Monterrubio, E.A. (Eric A.), Monyeki, K.D.K. (Kotsedi Daniel K.), Moreira, L.B. (Leila B.), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L.A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Mortensen, E.L. (Erik Lykke), Moschonis, G., Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M.E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Mu, T.T. (Thet Thet), Muiesan, M.L. (Maria Lorenza), Müller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Murphy, N. (Neil), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Murtagh, E.M. (Elaine M.), Musa, K.I. (Kamarul Imran), Musil, V. (Vera), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Námešná, J. (Jana), Nang, E.E.K. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, M. (Monika), Nankap, M. (Martin), Narake, S. (Sameer), Navarrete-Muñoz, E.M., Neal, W.A. (William A.), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Neovius, M. (Martin), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Neuhauser, H.K. (Hannelore K.), Nguyen, N.D. (Nguyen D.), Nguyen, Q.N. (Quang Ngoc), Nieto-Martínez, R.E. (Ramfis E.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Nishtar, S. (Sania), Noale, M. (Marianna), Norat, T. (Teresa), Noto, D. (Davide), Nsour, M.A. (Mohannad Al), O’Reilly, D. (Dermot), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Olayan, I.H. (Iman H.), Olinto, M.T.A. (Maria Teresa Anselmo), Oltarzewski, M. (Maciej), Omar, M.A. (Mohd A.), Onat, A. (Altan), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Ortiz, A.P. (Ana P.), Osler, M. (Merete), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S.M. (Sergej M.), Otero, J.A. (Johanna A.), Overvad, K. (Kim), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F.M. (Fred Michel), Padez, C. (Cristina), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palli, D. (Domenico), Palloni, A. (Alberto), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Parnell, W.R. (Winsome R.), Parsaeian, M. (Mahboubeh), Pecin, I. (Ivan), Pednekar, M.S. (Mangesh S.), Peeters, P.H.M., Peixoto, S.V. (Sergio Viana), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. (A.), Pérez, C.M. (Cynthia M.), Peters, A., Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Pham, S.T. (Son Thai), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pikhart, H. (Hynek), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, A. (Alberto), Pistelli, F. (Francesco), Pitakaka, F. (Freda), Piwonska, A. (Aleksandra), Plans-Rubió, P. (Pedro), Poh, B.K. (Bee Koon), Porta, M., Portegies, M.L.P. (Marileen), Poulimeneas, D. (Dimitrios), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Prashant, M. (Mathur), Price, J.F. (Jackie F.), Puiu, M. (Maria), Punab, M. (Margus), Qasrawi, R.F. (Radwan F.), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Bao, T.Q. (Tran Quoc), Radic, I. (Ivana), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahman, M.-M. (Mah-mudur), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Raj, M. (Manu), Rao, S.R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramachandran, A. (Ambady), Ramke, J. (Jacqueline), Ramos, R. (Rafel), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Rasmussen, F. (Finn), Redón, J. (Josep), Reganit, P.F.M. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Riboli, E. (Elio), Rigo, F. (Fernando), Rinke de Wit, T.F. (Tobias), Ritti-Dias, R.M. (Raphael M.), Rivera, J.A. (Juan A.), Robinson, S.M. (Siân), Robitaille, C. (Cynthia), Rodríguez Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M. (María), Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A. (Laura A.), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Rojroong-Wasinkul, N. (Nipa), Romaguera, D. (Dora), Ronkainen, K. (Kimmo), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Rouse, I. (Ian), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Rühli, F.J. (Frank J.), Rui, O. (Ornelas), Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S. (Blanca Sandra), Russo Horimoto, A.R.V. (Andrea R. V.), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H.S. (Harshpal S.), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Martinez, E.S. (Eduardo Salazar), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J.T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sánchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sandjaja, Sans, S. (Susana), Santos, D.A. (Diana A.), Santos, O. (Osvaldo), Dos Santos, R.N. (Renata Nunes), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. (Jouko), Sardinha, L.B. (Luis B.), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S., Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Rosario, A.S. (Angelika Schaffrath), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Schienkiewitz, A. (Anja), Schmidt, I.M. (Ida Maria), Schneider, I.J.C. (Ione J C), Schultsz, C. (Constance), Schutte, A.E. (Aletta E.), Sein, A.A. (Aye Aye), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Senbanjo, I.O. (Idowu O.), Sepanlou, S.G. (Sadaf G), Shalnova, S.A. (Svetlana A.), Sharma, S.K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J.E., Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shin, D.W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A.M. (Abla M.), Silva, A.M. (Antonio M.), Silva, D.A.S. (Diego Augusto Santos), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L.A. (Leon), Sjostrom, M. (Michael), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Smith, M.C. (Margaret C.), Snijder, M.B. (Marieke), So, H.-K. (Hung-Kwan), Sobngwi, E. (Eugène), Söderberg, S. (Stefan), Soekatri, M.Y.E. (Moesijanti Y. E.), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Song, Y. (Yi), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Soric, M. (Maroje), Jérome, C.S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Staessen, J.A. (Jan), Starc, G. (Gregor), Stathopoulou, M.G. (Maria G.), Staub, K. (Kaspar), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A.D. (Aryeh D.), Stergiou, G.S. (George S.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stöckl, D. (Doris), Stocks, T. (Tanja), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stratton, G. (Gareth), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M.W. (Maria Wany), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sundström, J. (Johan), Sung, Y.-T. (Yn-Tz), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Swinburn, B.A. (Boyd A.), Sy, R.G. (Rody G.), Szponar, L. (Lucjan), Shyong Tai, E., Tammesoo, M.L., Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tang, L. (Line), Tang, X. (Xun), Tanser, F. (Frank), Tao, Y. (Yong), Tarawneh, M.R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarp, J. (Jakob), Tarqui-Mamani, C.B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Tchibindat, F. (Félicité), Theobald, H. (Holger), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, L. (Leif), Tjønneland, A. (Anne), Tolonen, H.K. (Hanna K.), Tolstrup, J.S. (Janne S.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topór-Madry, R. (Roman), Torrent, M. (Maties), Toselli, S. (Stefania), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trichopoulou, A. (Antonia), Trichopoulos, D. (Dimitrios), Trinh, O.T.H. (Oanh T. H.), Trivedi, A. (Atul), Tshepo, L. (Lechaba), Tulloch-Reid, M.K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Turley, M.L. (Maria L.), Tynelius, P. (Per), Tzotzas, T. (Themistoklis), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ukoli, F.A.M. (Flora A. M.), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Unal, B. (Belgin), Uusitalo, H.M.T. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Vale, S. (Susana), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), Schouw, Y.T. (Yvonne) van der, Van Herck, K. (Koen), Van Minh, H. (Hoang), Rossem, L. (Lenie) van, Valkengoed, I. (Irene) van, Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), Monique Verschuren, W.M., Verstraeten, R. (Roosmarijn), Victora, C.G. (Cesar G.), Viegi, G., Viet, L. (Lucie), Viikari-Juntura, E. (Eira), Vineis, P. (Paolo), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J.K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Voutilainen, S. (Sari), Vrdoljak, A. (Ana), Vrijheid, M. (Martine), Wade, A.N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Mohamud, W.N.W. (Wan Nazaimoon Wan), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. (Ying), Goya Wannamethee, S., Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Weerasekera, D. (Deepa), Whincup, P.H. (Peter), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I.S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A.H. (Alet), Wilks, R.J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, J. (Johann), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong, J.E. (Jyh Eiin), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Yin), Woo, J. (Jean), Woodward, M. (Mark), Wu, F.C.W. (Frederick C.), Wu, J. (Jianfeng), Wu, S.L. (Shou Ling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Xu, L. (Liang), Yamborisut, U. (Uruwan), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Yardim, N. (Nazan), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yiallouros, P.K. (P.), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), You, Q.S. (Qi Sheng), Younger-Coleman, N.O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A.F. (Ahmad F.), Zainuddin, A.A. (Ahmad A.), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zdrojewski, T. (T.), Zeng, Y. (Yi), Zhao, D. (Dong), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zheng, Y. (Yingfeng), Zhou, M. (Ming), Zhu, D. (Dan), Zimmermann, E., and Cisneros, J.Z. (Julio Zuñiga)
- Abstract
Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3- 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8- 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
- Published
- 2016
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21. A century of trends in adult human height.
- Author
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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Bentham, J., Cesare, M.D., Stevens, G.A., Zhou, B., Bixby, H., Cowan, M., Fortunato, L., Bennett, J.E., Danaei, G., Hajifathalian, K., Lu, Y., Riley, L.M., Laxmaiah, A., Kontis, V., Paciorek, C.J., Riboli, E., Ezzati, M., Abdeen, Z.A., Hamid, Z.A., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Adams, R., Aekplakorn, W., Aguilar-Salinas, C.A., Agyemang, C., Ahmadvand, A., Ahrens, W., Al-Hazzaa, H.M., Al-Othman, A.R., Raddadi, R.A., Ali, M.M., Alkerwi, A., Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Aly, E., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Andersen, L.B., Anderssen, S.A., Anjana, R.M., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Ariansen, I., Aris, T., Arlappa, N., Arveiler, D., Assah, F.K., Avdicová, M., Azizi, F., Babu, B.V., Bahijri, S., Balakrishna, N., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J.R., Barbagallo, C.M., Barceló, A., Barkat, A., Barros, M.V., Bata, I., Batieha, A.M., Batista, R.L., Baur, L.A., Beaglehole, R., Romdhane, H.B., Benet, M., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., Bernotiene, G., Bettiol, H., Bhagyalaxmi, A., 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- Abstract
Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3-19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8-144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
- Published
- 2016
22. [OP.1B.02] SERUM URIC ACID AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN EUROPEAN RURAL POPULATION WITH NORMAL KIDNEY FUNCTION. DATA FROM BRISGHELLA HEART STUDY (ITALY) AND ENAH STUDY (CROATIA)
- Author
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Karanovic, S., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Parini, A., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Abramovic-Baric, M., additional, Bacchelli, S., additional, Cagnati, M., additional, Francesco, A., additional, Cicero, A.F.G., additional, D’Addato, S., additional, Esposti, D. Degli, additional, Fucek, M., additional, Grandi, E., additional, Kos, J., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Rosticci, M., additional, Rogic, D., additional, Vukovic, I., additional, Borghi, C., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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23. [OP.2B.03] GLOMERULAR HYPERFILTRATION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR RENAL IMPAIRMENT AND HYPERTENSION IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY SUBJECTS
- Author
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Vrdoljak, A., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Domislovic, V., additional, Dapic, K., additional, Gallineo, L., additional, Ivandic, E., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Vukovic, I., additional, Kos, J., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Vrkic, T. Zeljkovic, additional, Prlic, M. Fistrek, additional, Pecin, I., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Sertic, J., additional, Leko, N., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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24. [PP.03.05] SERUM URIC ACID IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH ALBUMINURIA IN PREHYPERTENSION AND NEWLY DIAGNOSED HYPERTENSION
- Author
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Karanovic, S., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Domislovic, V., additional, Dapic, K., additional, Gallineo, L., additional, Ivandic, E., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Vukovic, I., additional, Kos, J., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Vrkic, T. Zeljkovic, additional, Premuzic, V., additional, Rogic, D., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. [PP.07.18] ASSOCIATION OF ADIPONECTIN GENE POLYMORPHISMS WITH BLOOD PRESSURE AND HYPERTENSION
- Author
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Ivkovic, V., primary, Jelakovic, M., additional, Salihovic, M. Pericic, additional, Tomas, Z., additional, Bozina, N., additional, Bozina, T., additional, Sertic, J., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Pecin, I., additional, Fodor, L.J., additional, Vrkic, T. Zeljkovic, additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2016
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- View/download PDF
26. [PP.19.10] ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION CHARACTERISTICS
- Author
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Parini, A., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Baric, M. Abramovic, additional, Bacchelli, S., additional, Cagnati, M., additional, Cicero, A.F.G., additional, Addato, S.D., additional, Esposti, D. degli, additional, Fucek, M., additional, Grandi, E., additional, Ivandic, E., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Pecin, I., additional, Rosticci, M., additional, Rogic, D., additional, Jelakovic, B., additional, and Borghi, C., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. [PP.03.11] PREHYPERTENSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN EUROPEAN RURAL POPULATION- DATA FROM BRISGHELA HEART STUDY (ITALY) AND ENAH STUDY (CROATIA)
- Author
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Parini, A., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Baric, M. Abramovic, additional, Bacchelli, S., additional, Cagnati, M., additional, Cicero, A.F.G., additional, D’Addato, S., additional, Esposti, D. degli, additional, Fucek, M., additional, Grandi, D., additional, Ivandic, E., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Kos, J., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Rosticci, M., additional, Rogic, D., additional, Jelakovic, B., additional, and Borghi, C., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. [OP.5C.04] HEART RATE IS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOMERULAR HYPERFILTRATION IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY SUBJECTS
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Vrdoljak, A., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Domislovic, V., additional, Dapic, K., additional, Gallineo, L., additional, Ivandic, E., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Vukovic, I., additional, Kos, J., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Vrkic, T. Zeljkovic, additional, Prlic, M. Fistrek, additional, Pecin, I., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Sertic, J., additional, Leko, N., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. [PP.28.05] CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CHRONIC HEMODIALYISIS
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Ivandic, E., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Premuzic, V., additional, Barisic, I., additional, Smalcelj, R., additional, Jukic, N. Basic, additional, Filipi, L. Bubic, additional, Mesar, I., additional, Juric, I., additional, Vojtusek, I. Kovacevic, additional, Katalinic, L., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Vukovic, I., additional, Gellineo, L., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. [PP.19.05] PREHYPERTENSION IN EUROPEAN RURAL POPULATION - DATA FROM THE BRISGHELLA HEART STUDY (ITALY) AND ENAH STUDY (CROATIA)
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IVKOVIC, V., primary, Parini, A., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Baric, M. Abramovic, additional, Bacchelli, S., additional, Cagnati, M., additional, Cicero, A.F.G., additional, D’Addato, S., additional, Esposti, D. degli, additional, Fucek, M., additional, Grandi, E., additional, Kos, J., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Rosticci, M., additional, Rogic, D., additional, Vukovic, I., additional, Borghi, C., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. [OP.7B.06] METABOLIC SYNDROME IN EUROPEAN RURAL POPULATION- DATA FROM THE BRISGHELLA HEART STUDY (ITALY) AND ENAH STUDY (CROATIA)
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Parini, A., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Baric, M. Abramovic, additional, Bacchelli, S., additional, Cagnati, M., additional, Cicero, A.F.G., additional, D’addato, S., additional, Esposti, D. Degli, additional, Fucek, M., additional, Grandi, E., additional, Ivandic, E., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Pecin, I., additional, Rosticci, M., additional, Rogic, D., additional, Jelakovic, B., additional, and Borghi, C., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. [PP.03.07] PREDICTORS OF INCIDENT HYPERTENSION IN PREHYPERTENSIVES
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Ivkovic, V., primary, Parini, A., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Baric, M. Abramovic, additional, Bachelli, S., additional, Cagnati, M., additional, Cicero, A.F.G., additional, D’Addato, S., additional, Esposti, D. degli, additional, Fucek, M., additional, Grandi, E., additional, Kos, J., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Rogic, D., additional, Rosticci, M., additional, Vukovic, I., additional, Borghi, C., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. [OP.7A.05] TRENDS IN PREVALENCE, TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF HYPERTENSION IN CROATIAN CONTINENTAL RURAL POPULATION - ENAH STUDY
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Vrdoljak, A., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Domislovic, V., additional, Dapic, K., additional, Gallineo, L., additional, Ivandic, E., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Vukovic, I., additional, Kos, J., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Zeljkovic Vrkic, T., additional, Premuzic, V., additional, Abramovic Baric, M., additional, Culig, J., additional, Stevanovic, R., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. [PP.30.14] SALT CONSUMPTION IN CROATIAN CONTINENTAL RURAL POPULATION
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Karanovic, S., primary, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Domislovic, V., additional, Dapic, K., additional, Gallineo, L., additional, Ivandic, E., additional, Josipovic, J., additional, Vukovic, I., additional, Kos, J., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Vrkic, T. Zeljkovic, additional, Fodor, Lj., additional, Matijevic, V., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Culig, J., additional, Stevanovic, R., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. [OP.5B.09] ARISTOLOCHIC ACID NEPHROPATHY. A CASE OF SLOWER VASCULAR AGING?
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Premuzc, V., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Leko, N., additional, Stipancic, Z., additional, Teskera, T., additional, Vinkovic, M., additional, Barisic, M., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Vukovic, I., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. PP.05.06
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Ivkovic, V., primary, Kos, J., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Lela, I. Vukovic, additional, Premuzic, V., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Pecin, I., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Simicevic, L., additional, Sertic, J., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Leko, N., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
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37. PP.29.03
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Pecin, I., primary, Ivkovic, V., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Dika, Z., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Premuzic, V., additional, Kos, J., additional, Zeljkovic-Vrkic, T., additional, Vukovic-Lela, I., additional, Fodor, L.J., additional, Fistrek-Prlic, M., additional, Reiner, Z., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
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38. PP.39.01
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Fodor, L., primary, Perkov, D., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Premuzic, V., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Smiljanic, R., additional, Dobrota, S., additional, Zeljkovic-Vrkic, T., additional, Kos, J., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2015
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39. PP.06.38
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Premuzic, V., primary, Barisic, I., additional, Smalcelj, R., additional, Filipi, L. Bubic, additional, Lela, I. Vukovic, additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Ivandic, E., additional, Katalinic, L., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Jukic, N. Basic, additional, Kes, P., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
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- 2015
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40. 4D.11
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Premuzic, V., primary, Leko, N., additional, Stipancic, Z., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Teskera, T., additional, Vinkovic, M., additional, Barisic, M., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Lela, I. Vukovic, additional, Dika, Z., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, and Jelakovic, B., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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41. AKI - human studies
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Kutlay, S., primary, Kurultak, I., additional, Nergizoglu, G., additional, Erturk, S., additional, Karatan, O., additional, Azevedo, P., additional, Pinto, C. T., additional, Pereira, C. M., additional, Marinho, A., additional, Vanmassenhove, J., additional, Hoste, E., additional, Glorieux, G., additional, Dhondt, A., additional, Vanholder, R., additional, Van Biesen, W., additional, Rei, S., additional, Aleksandrova, I., additional, Kiselev, V., additional, Ilynskiy, M., additional, Berdnikov, G., additional, Marchenkova, L., additional, Daher, E. F., additional, Vieira, A. P. F., additional, Souza, J. B., additional, Falcao, F. S., additional, Costa, C. R., additional, Fernandes, A. A. C. S., additional, Mota, R. M. S., additional, Lima, R. S. A., additional, Silva Junior, G. B., additional, Ulusal Okyay, G., additional, Erten, Y., additional, Er, R., additional, Aybar, M., additional, Inal, S., additional, Tekbudak, M., additional, Aygencel, G., additional, Onec, K., additional, Bali, M., additional, Sindel, S., additional, Soto, K., additional, Fidalgo, P., additional, Papoila, A. L., additional, Lentini, P., additional, Zanoli, L., additional, Granata, A., additional, Contestabile, A., additional, Basso, A., additional, Berlingo, G., additional, de Cal, M., additional, Pellanda, V., additional, Dell'Aquila, R., additional, Fortrie, G., additional, Stads, S., additional, van Bommel, J., additional, Zietse, R., additional, Betjes, M. G., additional, Berrada, A., additional, Arias, C., additional, Riera, M., additional, Orfila, M. A., additional, Rodriguez, E., additional, Barrios, C., additional, Peruzzi, L., additional, Chiale, F., additional, Camilla, R., additional, Martano, C., additional, Cresi, F., additional, Bertino, E., additional, Coppo, R., additional, Klimenko, A., additional, Villevalde, S., additional, Efremovtseva, M., additional, Kobalava, Z., additional, Pipili, C., additional, Ioannidou, S., additional, Kokkoris, S., additional, Poulaki, S., additional, Tripodaki, E.-S., additional, Parisi, M., additional, Papastylianou, A., additional, Nanas, S., additional, Wang, Y.-n., additional, Cheng, H., additional, Chen, Y.-p., additional, Wen, Z., additional, Li, X., additional, Shen, P., additional, Zou, Y., additional, Lu, Y., additional, Ma, X., additional, Chen, Y., additional, Ren, H., additional, Chen, X., additional, Chen, N., additional, Yue, T., additional, Elmamoun, S., additional, Wodeyar, H., additional, Goldsmith, C., additional, Abraham, A., additional, Wootton, A., additional, Ahmed, S., additional, Hill, C., additional, Curtis, S., additional, Miller, A., additional, Hine, T., additional, Stevens, K. K., additional, Patel, R. K., additional, Mark, P. B., additional, Delles, C., additional, Jardine, A. G., additional, Wilflingseder, J., additional, Heinzel, A., additional, Mayer, P., additional, Perco, P., additional, Kainz, A., additional, Mayer, B., additional, Oberbauer, R., additional, Huang, T.-M., additional, Wu, V.-C., additional, Park, D. J., additional, Bae, E. J., additional, Kang, Y.-J., additional, Cho, H. S., additional, Chang, S.-h., additional, Stramana, R., additional, Cognolato, D., additional, Baiocchi, M., additional, Chiella, B. M., additional, Pilla, C., additional, Balbinotto, A., additional, Antunes, V. H., additional, Heglert, A., additional, Collares, F. M., additional, Thome, F. S., additional, Gjyzari, A., additional, Thereska, N., additional, Xhango, O., additional, Xue, J., additional, Chen, M. C., additional, Wang, L., additional, Chen, Y. J., additional, Sun, X. Z., additional, An, W. S., additional, Kim, E. S., additional, Son, Y. K., additional, Kim, S. E., additional, Kim, K. H., additional, Oh, Y. J., additional, Tsai, H.-B., additional, Ko, W.-J., additional, Chao, C.-T., additional, Aarnoudse, A.-J. L., additional, Peride, I., additional, Radulescu, D., additional, Niculae, A., additional, Ciocalteu, A., additional, Checherita, A.-I., additional, Kao, C.-C., additional, Wang, C.-Y., additional, Lai, C.-F., additional, Chen, H.-H., additional, Wu, K.-D., additional, Klaus, F., additional, Goldani, J. C., additional, Cantisani, G., additional, Zanotelli, M. L., additional, Carvalho, L., additional, Klaus, D., additional, Garcia, V. D., additional, Keitel, E., additional, Hussaini, S. M., additional, Rao, P. N., additional, Kul, A., additional, Ye, N., additional, Zhang, Y., additional, Baines, R., additional, Westacott, R., additional, Trew, J., additional, Kirtley, J., additional, Selby, N., additional, Carr, S., additional, Xu, G., additional, Steffgen, J., additional, Blaschke, S., additional, Brun-Schulte-Wissing, N., additional, Pagel, P., additional, Huber, F., additional, Mapes, J., additional, Jaehnige, A., additional, Pestel, S., additional, Deray, G., additional, Rouviere, O., additional, Bacigalupo, L., additional, Maes, B., additional, Hannedouche, T., additional, Vrtovsnik, F., additional, Rigothier, C., additional, Billiouw, J.-M., additional, Campioni, P., additional, Marti-Bonmati, L., additional, Gao, Y.-m., additional, Li, D., additional, Woo, S., additional, Lee, J., additional, Noh, H., additional, Kwon, S. H., additional, Han, D. C., additional, Hetherington, L., additional, Valluri, A., additional, McQuarrie, E., additional, Fleming, S., additional, Geddes, C., additional, Bell, S., additional, MacKinnon, B., additional, Patton, A., additional, Sneddon, J., additional, Donnan, P., additional, Vadiveloo, T., additional, Marwick, C., additional, Bennie, M., additional, Davey, P., additional, Yasuda, H., additional, Tsuji, N., additional, Tsuji, T., additional, Iwakura, T., additional, Ohashi, N., additional, Kato, A., additional, Fujigaki, Y., additional, Sasaki, S., additional, Kawarazaki, H., additional, Shibagaki, Y., additional, Kimura, K., additional, Lingaraju, U., additional, Rajanna, S., additional, Radhakrishnan, H., additional, Parekh, A., additional, Sreedhar, C. G., additional, Sarvi, R., additional, Rainone, F., additional, Merlino, L., additional, Ritchie, J. P., additional, Kalra, P. A., additional, Jacinto, C. N., additional, Abreu, K. L. S., additional, Neves, M., additional, Baptista, J. P., additional, Rodrigues, L., additional, Pinho, J., additional, Teixeira, L., additional, Pimentel, J., additional, Gonzalez Sanchidrian, S., additional, Rangel Hidalgo, G., additional, Cebrian Andrada, C., additional, Deira Lorenzo, J., additional, Marin Alvarez, J., additional, Garcia-Bernalt Funes, V., additional, Gallego Dominguez, S., additional, Labrador Gomez, P., additional, Castellano Cervino, I., additional, Novillo Santana, R., additional, Gomez-Martino Arroyo, J., additional, Kim, Y., additional, Choi, B. S., additional, Kim, Y. o., additional, Yoon, S. A., additional, Lin, M.-C., additional, Wang, W.-J., additional, Melo, M. J., additional, Lopes, J. A., additional, Raimundo, M., additional, Fragoso, A., additional, Antunes, F., additional, Martin-Moreno, P. L., additional, Varo, N., additional, Restituto, P., additional, Sayon-Orea, C., additional, Garcia-Fernandez, N., additional, Leite Filho, N. C. V., additional, Souza, L. E. O., additional, Cavalcante, R. M., additional, Morais, B. M., additional, Leite, T. T., additional, Silva, S. L., additional, Kubrusly, M., additional, Jung, Y. S., additional, Kim, Y. N., additional, Shin, H. S., additional, Rim, H., additional, Bentall, A., additional, Al-Baaj, F., additional, Williamson, S., additional, Cheshire, S., additional, Jelakovic, M., additional, Ivkovic, V., additional, Laganovic, M., additional, Karanovic, S., additional, Pecin, I., additional, Premuzic, V., additional, Vukovic Lela, I., additional, Vrdoljak, A., additional, Fucek, M., additional, Cvitkovic, A., additional, Juric, D., additional, Bozina, N., additional, Bitunjac, M., additional, Leko, N., additional, Abramovic Baric, M., additional, Matijevic, V., additional, Jelakovic, B., additional, Ullah, A., additional, Exarchou, K., additional, Archer, T., additional, Anijeet, H., additional, Brown, R., additional, Cheng, Y.-p., additional, Rocha, J. C. G., additional, Gushiken da Silva, T., additional, de Castro, P. F., additional, Kioroglo, P. S., additional, Branco Martins, J. P., additional, Tzanno-Martins, C., additional, Biesenbach, P., additional, Luf, F., additional, Fleischmann, E., additional, Grunberger, T., additional, Druml, W., additional, Gaipov, A., additional, Turkmen, K., additional, Toker, A., additional, Solak, Y., additional, Cicekler, H., additional, Ucar, R., additional, Kilicaslan, A., additional, Gormus, N., additional, Tonbul, H. Z., additional, Yeksan, M., additional, Turk, S., additional, Monteburini, T., additional, Cenerelli, S., additional, Santarelli, S., additional, Boggi, R., additional, Tazza, L., additional, Bossola, M., additional, Ferraresi, M., additional, Merlo, I., additional, Giovinazzo, G., additional, Quercia, A. D., additional, Gai, M., additional, Leonardi, G., additional, Anania, P., additional, Guarena, C., additional, Cantaluppi, V., additional, Pacitti, A., additional, Biancone, L., additional, Hissa, P. N. G., additional, Daher, E. D. F., additional, Liborio, A. B., additional, Thereza, B. M. F., additional, Mendes, C. C. P., additional, and Sousa, A. R. O., additional
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- 2013
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42. Influence of Addition of Anthracite with Different Particle Size on Reduction Kinetics of Magnetite Pellets
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Trujic, V. K., primary and \v{Z}ivkovic, \v{Z}. D., additional
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- 1998
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43. Influence of Hydrated Lime on the Reduction of Green Magnetite Pellets with Hydrogen
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Trujic, V. K., primary, \v{Z}ivkovic, \v{Z}. D., additional, and \v{Z}ivkovic, D. T., additional
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- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The astrobiology primer: An outline of general knowledge - Version 1, 2006
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Mix, L. J., Armstrong, J. C., Mandell, A. M., Mosier, A. C., Raymond, J., Raymond, S. N., Stewart, F. J., Braun, K., Zhaxybayeva, O., Billings, L., Cameron, V., Mark Claire, Dick, G. J., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Javaux, E. J., Johnson, O. J., Laws, C., Race, M. S., Rask, J., Rummel, J. D., Schelble, R. T., Vance, S., Adam, Z., Backus, P., Beegle, L., Bishop, J., Boering, K., Briley, M., Calvin, W., Catling, D., Cleland, C., Dodson, K. E., Fletcher, J., Acosta, E. D., Zwart, I., Eigenbrode, J., Farmer, J., Frank, S., Gogarten, P., Goolish, E., Grymes, R., Haghighipour, N., Hudson, T., Ivkovic, V., Jahangeer, M., Jakosky, B., Kenyon, S., Kilston, S., Knoll, A., Korpela, E., Lamb, D., Lazio, J., Lenski, R., Link, L., Lloyd, K., Lunine, J., Manga, M., Mccoy, T., Meech, K., Mello, G., Mojzsis, S., Morrison, D., Morton, O., Moser, D., Nealson, K., Nimno, F., Norris, R., Offerdahl, E., Olien, T., Pace, N., Pfiffner, S., Philips, C., Rao, S., Rodriquez, D., Rummel, J., Schopf, B., Seager, S., Sleep, N., Sogin, M., Solovaya, N., Sullivan, W., Thomas, B., Thorsteinsson, T., Tomow, C., Wevrick, M., Woolf, N., Yamaguchi, K., and Zerella, M.
45. LEPTIN AND HEART RATE IN SUBJECTS WITH LOW CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
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Ivkovic, V., Kos, J., Karanovic, S., Lela, I. Vukovic, Premuzic, V., Dika, Z., Laganovic, M., Pecin, I., Fucek, M., Livija Simicevic, Sertic, J., Vrdoljak, A., Leko, N., Jelakovic, B., and Zanchetti, Alberto
- Subjects
Leptin ,cardiovascular risk - Abstract
Objective: Several studies showed that leptin may be associated with faster heart rate (HR) and it was questioned whether this could be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Our goal was to examine the possible association of leptin and HR in subjects with low cardiovascular risk. Design and method: Participants (N = 208 ; 135 females ; 137 normotensives, 34 prehypertensives and 37 untreated hypertensives) were selected from a random sample of 2487 subjects enrolled in an observational study. Subjects with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, pregnancy, terminal illness and treated hypertensives were excluded. BP was measured using Omron M6 device following ESH/ESC guidelines. Leptin concentration was determined by ELISA. Results: In the whole group leptin concentration was higher (12.10 (6.12-17.50) vs. 4.01 (1.70- 8.17), p < 0.001) in women than in men. There were no significant differences in leptin concentrations between normotensives (NT), prehypertensives (PHT) and untreated hypertensives (uHT). However, uHT (11.20 (6.00- 16.90)) had significantly higher leptin concentration than NT (8.60 (3.60-14.65) ; p < 0.05) and non-significantly higher than PHT (8.04 (3.60-12.60 ; p > 0.05)). There were no differences between NT and PHT (p > 0.05). HR was similar in all three BP groups (p = 0.82). Leptin was positively correlated with BMI, albuminuria, CRP and insulin concentrations (p < 0.05). HR was positively correlated with eGFR and insulin and negatively with HDL. There were no significant correlations of leptin and HR in any of three BP groups. In multivariate analysis leptin was not a significant predictor of HR (Beta = -0.01, p = 0.90), systolic (Beta = -0.06, p = 0.27) or diastolic BP (Beta = 0.03, p = 0.58). BMI and female sex were positively associated with leptin concentration in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In our group of subjects with low cardiovascular risk leptin was not associated with HR. Hypertensive patients had higher leptin concentrations than NT and non- significantly higher than PHT subjects, latter two having similar leptin concentrations.
46. A system for stabilizing the gain of a scintillation spectrometer using a light-emitting diode and a processor in feedback
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Martinčič, R., Ivkovič, V., and Tiringer, M.
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- 1977
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47. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
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Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Zhou, Bin, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Paciorek, Christopher J., Bennett, James E., Taddei, Cristina, Stevens, Gretchen A., Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Khang, Young-Ho, Soric, Maroje, Gregg, Edward W., Miranda, J. Jaime, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Savin, Stefan, Sophiea, Marisa K., Iurilli, Maria L. C., Solomon, Bethlehem D., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Danaei, Goodarz, Bovet, Pascal, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hambleton, Ian R., Hayes, Alison J., Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P., Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, McGarvey, Stephen T., Mostafa, Aya, Neovius, Martin, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Bo, Lars, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V., Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V. G., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Biehl, Anna, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J., Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bopp, Matthias, Borchini, Rossana, Borghs, Herman, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. 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P., Dobson, Annette J., Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A., Duda, Rosemary B., Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C., Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad R., Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Flores, Eric Monterubio, Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera-Juan, Guillem, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galeone, Daniela, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goltzman, David, Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez, Angel R., Gonzalez-Chica, David A., Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Leon, Margot, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena, Gottrand, Frederic, Graca, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Guo, Xiuhua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A., Haghshenas, Rosa, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Heidinger-Felso, Regina, Heinen, Mirjam, Hejgaard, Tatjana, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera, Victor M., Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G., Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Hopman, Wilma M., Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Ibarluzea, Jesus M., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Ishida, Takafumi, Islam, Muhammad, Ismail, Aziz al-Safi, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jaaskelainen, Tuija, Jackson, Rod T., Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamil, Kazi M., Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarani, Juel, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-Lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O., Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jovic, Dragana P., Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Kameli, Yves, Kapantais, Efthymios, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Keinan-Boker, Lital, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kelleher, Cecily, Kemper, Han C. G., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Khouw, Ilse M. S. L., Kiechl, Stefan, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Koenig, Jurgen, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Korzycka, Magdalena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovacs, Viktoria A., Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kujundzic, Enisa, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kunesova, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Quang Ngoc La, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Tai Hing Lam, Morovic, Maja Lang, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Laugsand, Lars E., Lauria, Laura, Lazo-Porras, Maria, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Le Port, Agnes, Le, Tuyen D., Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lee, Paul H., Lehtimaki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S., Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Jing, Loit, Helle-Mai, Lopes, Luis, Lopez, Tania, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Jose Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Malyutina, Sofia, Maniego, Lynell V., Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Markaki, Anastasia, Markey, Oonagh, Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin, Rosemarie, Martin-Prevel, Yves, Martorell, Reynaldo, Martos, Eva, Marventano, Stefano, Masoodi, Shariq R., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N., McFarlane, Shelly R., Mckee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Yusof, Safiah Md, Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisfjord, Jorgen, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Mensink, Gert B. M., Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F., Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Claudia S., Francisco Miquel, Juan, Mirkopoulou, Daphne, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mistretta, Antonio, Mocanu, Veronica, Modesti, Pietro A., Moghaddam, Sahar Saeeidi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Molbo, Drude, Mollehave, Line T., Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monterrubio, Eric A., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Morin, Suzanne, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mota, Jorge, Mota-Pinto, Anabela, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muc, Magdalena, Mugosa, Boban, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Mukhtorova, Parvina, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M., Milanovic, Sanja Music, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Nardone, Paola, Nauck, Matthias, Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria, Neal, William A., Nelis, Keiu, Nelis, Liis, Nenko, Ilona, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Norat, Teresa, Norie, Sawada, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Nurk, Eha, Nyirenda, Moffat, Obreja, Galina, Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M., Oda, Eiji, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Orn, Anselmo Olinto, Maria Teresa, Oliveira, Isabel O., Oltarzewski, Maciej, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, O'Neill, Terence W., Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, O'Reilly, Dermot, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P., Ortiz, Pedro J., Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pagkalos, Ioannis, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Arvind, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M., Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Perez, Cynthia M., Perez-Farinos, Napoleon, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Peykari, Niloofar, Son Thai Pham, Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pop, Raluca M., Popovic, Stevo R., Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Posch, Georg, Poulimeneas, Dimitrios, Pouraram, Hamed, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J., Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Pudule, Iveta, Puhakka, Soile E., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Tran Quoc Bao, Radhika, Madhari S., Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A., Rasmussen, Mette, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Regecova, Valeria, Revilla, Luis, Ribas-Barba, Lourdes, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Rinaldo, Natascia, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Rivera, Juan A., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel G. 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Woodward M., Wu F.C., Wu J., Wu S., Xu H., Xu L., Yamborisut U., Yan W., Yang L., Yang X., Yang Y., Yardim N., Yaseri M., Ye X., Yiallouros P.K., Yngve A., Yoosefi M., Yoshihara A., You Q.S., You S.-L., Younger-Coleman N.O., Yusoff A.F., Zaccagni L., Zafiropulos V., Zamani F., Zambon S., Zampelas A., Zamrazilova H., Zapata M.E., Zaw K.K., Zdrojewski T., ZeljkovicVrkic T., Zeng Y., Zhao D., Zhao W., Zheng W., Zheng Y., Zholdin B., Zhou M., Zhu D., Zhussupov B., Zimmermann E., ZunigaCisneros J., Ezzati M., Bixby H, Bentham J, Zhou B, Di Cesare M, Paciorek CJ, Bennett JE, Taddei C, Stevens GA, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Carrillo-Larco RM, Khang Y-H, Sorić M, Gregg EW, Miranda JJ, Bhutta ZA, Savin S, Sophiea MK, Iurilli MLC, Solomon BD, Cowan MJ, Riley LM, Danaei G, Bovet P, Chirita-Emandi A, Hambleton IR, Hayes AJ, Ikeda N, Kengne AP, Laxmaiah A, Li Y, McGarvey ST, Mostafa A, Neovius M, Starc G, Zainuddin AA, Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Abdrakhmanova S, Abdul Ghaffar S, Abdul Hamid Z, Abubakar Garba J, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Acosta-Cazares B, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Agdeppa IA, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Agyemang C, Ahmad MH, Ahmad NA, Ahmadi N, Ahmadvand A, Ahrens W, Ajlouni K, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Al-Hazzaa HM, Ali MM, Ali O, Alkerwi A, Al-Othman AR, Al-Raddadi R, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amouyel P, Amuzu A, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Ängquist LH, Anjana RM, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arku RE, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Aspelund T, Assah FK, Assunção MCF, Aung MS, Auvinen J, Avdicová M, Azevedo A, Azizi F, Azmin M, Babu BV, Baharudin A, Bahijri S, Baker JL, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros AJD, Barros MVG, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista RL, Battakova Z, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Bel-Serrat S, Ben Romdhane H, Benedics J, Benet M, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bi H, Bi Y, 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M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Md Yusof S, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Mehdipour P, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mensink GBM, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Meyer HE, Mi J, Michaelsen KF, Michels N, Mikkel K, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Miquel JF, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, Misigoj-Durakovic M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadifard N, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Molbo D, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monterrubio EA, Monyeki KDK, Moon JS, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin S, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mota J, Mota-Pinto A, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muc M, Mugoša B, Muiesan ML, Mukhtorova P, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Milanovic SM, Musil V, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Nardone P, Nauck M, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Neal WA, Nelis K, Nelis L, Nenko I, Nervi F, Nguyen CT, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa OA, Norat T, Norie S, Noto D, Nsour MA, Nurk E, Nyirenda M, Obreja G, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oda E, Oh K, Ohara K, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Oltarzewski M, Omar MA, Onat A, O’Neill TW, Ong SK, Ono LM, Ordunez P, O’Reilly D, Ornelas R, Ortiz AP, Ortiz PJ, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Padez C, Pagkalos I, Pahomova E, Pająk A, Palli D, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Pan W-H, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panza F, Papandreou D, Park S-W, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pascanu IM, Patel ND, Pecin I, Pednekar MS, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Pérez CM, Perez-Farinos N, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Petrauskiene A, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pierannunzio D, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Pop RM, Popovic SR, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Posch G, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price AJ, Price JF, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puhakka SE, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Quoc Bao T, Radhika MS, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rajkumar H, Rakhmatulloev S, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rao KM, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Rasmussen M, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Revilla L, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Rito A, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Robitaille C, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets J-B, Ruiz Moreno E, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Safiri S, Saidi O, Salanave B, Salazar-Martinez E, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sandjaja, Sans S, Santa-Marina L, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos O, Santos R, Sanz SS, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum K-U, Savva S, Savy M, Scazufca M, Schaffrath Rosario A, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schindler K, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schöttker B, Schultsz C, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sein AA, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera V, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Shalnova SA, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shengelia L, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shin Y, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Si-Ramlee K, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Snijder MB, So H-K, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen TIA, Sossa Jérome C, Soumaré A, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Stathopoulou MG, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, 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Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varela-Moreiras G, Varona-Pérez P, Vatten L, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visser M, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley RS, Jr, Wang M-D, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang Y-W, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Weerasekera D, Weghuber D, Wei W, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong JE, Wong TY, Wong-McClure RA, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yaseri M, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You S-L, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zhussupov B, Zimmermann E, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Ezzati M, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Personalized Medicine
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Male ,Rural Population ,obesity ,Obesity, body mass index ,Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna ,Letter ,Urban Population ,Epidemiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,humanos ,body-mass index ,adolescente ,Geographic Mapping ,Sex Factor ,países desarrollados ,Rural Health ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https] ,systematic analysis ,Body Mass Index ,países en desarrollo ,80 and over ,risk factors ,Age Factor ,physical-activity ,mediana edad ,mapeo geográfico ,Aged, 80 and over ,anciano ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [https] ,dieta ,Age Factors ,health ,adulto ,Middle Aged ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,adulto joven ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,estado nutricional ,nutrition ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,NUTRITION ,Female ,HEALTH ,pooled analysis ,Diet, Healthy ,worldwide trends ,Human ,Developed Countrie ,Adult ,Adolescent ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04 [https] ,FOOD SYSTEM ,Socio-culturale ,Nutritional Status ,URBAN ,Aged ,Developed Countries ,Developing Countries ,Humans ,Obesity ,Sex Factors ,Urban Health ,Young Adult ,POOLED ANALYSIS ,Developing Countrie ,MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,Urban rural Obesity Body-Mass-Index ,obesidad ,Middle-income countries ,food system ,urban ,weight ,Healthy ,Science & Technology ,índice de masa corporal ,Diet ,PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY ,WORLDWIDE TRENDS ,Risk factors ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,WEIGHT - Abstract
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories., This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust. H.B. was supported by a Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship, J.B. by a Royal Society Research Grant, and M.D.C. by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award. We thank L. Jaacks, B. Popkin, S. Sundberg and W. Willett for recommendations of relevant citations. The authors are responsible for the views expressed in this Letter and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.
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- 2019
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48. A century of trends in adult human height
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Bentham, James, Cesare, Mariachiara Di, Stevens, Gretchen A., Zhou, Bin, Bixby, Honor, Cowan, Melanie J., Fortunato, Lea, Bennett, James E., Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Lu, Yuan, Riley, Leanne M., Laxmaiah, Avula, Kontis, Vasilis, Paciorek, Christopher J., Riboli, Elio, Ezzati, Majid, Abdeen, Ziad A., Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Raddadi, Rajaa Al, Ali, Mohamed M., Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Assah, Felix K., Avdicova, Maria, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benet, Mikhail, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotine, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bhatti, Zaid, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bi, HongSheng, Bi, Yufang, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Bugge, Anna, Burns, C., Leon, Antonio Cabrera de, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Y. Z., Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Dankner, Rachel, Dauchet, Luc, Backer, Guy De, Bacquer, Dirk De, Gaetano, Giovanni de, Hanauw, Stefaan De, Smedt, Delphine De, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Di, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dzerve, Vilnis, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, Ati, Jalila El, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Pena, Jorge Escobedo-de la, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Monterrubio, Eric A., Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fortmann, Stephen P., Francis, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, M. Do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Giwercman, Aleksander, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goncalves, Helen, Gross, Marcela Gonzalez, Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez, Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Gruden, Grabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Guo, Xiu H., Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C., Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R., Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Hussieni, Abdullatif S., Huu, Chinh Nguyen, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jackson, Rod T., Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jafar, Tazeen, Jamil, Kazi M., Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kapantais, Efthymios, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khang, Young-Ho, Khaw, Kay-Tee H., Khouw, Ilse M. S. L., Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kujala, Urho M., Kula, Krzysztof, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Lekhraj, Rampal, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Jing, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Jose Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Maire, Bernard, Makdisse, Marcia, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Markey, Oonagh, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin-Prevel, Yves, Martorell, Reynaldo, Masoodi, Shariq R., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matsha, Tandi E., Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McKee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McNulty, Breige A., Yusof, Safiah Md, Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Mensink, Gert B. M., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F., Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Miquel, Juan Francisco, Miranda, J. Jaime, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Molbo, Drude, Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Musil, Vera, Nagel, Gabriele, Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, E. E. K., Nangia, Vinay B., Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Nsour, Mohannad Al, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oh, Kyungwon, Olayan, Iman H., Olinto, Maria Teresa Anselmo, Oltarzewski, Maciej, Omar, Mohd A., Onat, Altan, Ordunez, Pedro, Ortiz, Ana P., Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Perez, Cynthia M., Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Peykari, Niloofar, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Poulimeneas, Dimitrios, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Sanjay, Rasmussen, Finn, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Rigo, Fernando, Wit, Tobias Floris Rinke de, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Rivera, Juan A., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruhli, Frank J., Rui, Ornelas, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. Russo, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Renata Nunes dos, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas C., Scazufca, Marcia, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schneider, Ione J., Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shalnova, Svetlana A., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Shiri, Rahman, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Silva, Antonio M., Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. E., Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Soric, Maroje, Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Starc, Gregor, Stathopoulou, Maria G., Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stoeckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stratton, Gareth, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, C. A., Sundstroem, Johan, Sung, Yn-Tz, Sunyer, Jordi, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Swinburn, Boyd A., Sy, Rody G., Szponar, Lucjan, Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tang, Line, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarp, Jakob, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Taylor, Anne, Tchibindat, Felicite, Theobald, Holger, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torrent, Maties, Toselli, Stefania, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzotzas, Themistoklis, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ukoli, Flora A. M., Ulmer, Hanno, Unal, Belgin, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, Schouw, Yvonne T. van der, Herck, Koen Van, Minh, Hoang Van, Rossem, Lenie van, Valkengoed, Irene G. M. van, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrdoljak, Ana, Vrijheid, Martine, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Shou Ling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yardim, Nazan, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad F., Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Zambon, Sabina, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], Public and occupational health, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Global Health, General Internal Medicine, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Global Health, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health, APH - Methodology, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Padez, Cristina, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Bentham, J., Cesare, M.D., Stevens, G.A., Zhou, B., Bixby, H., Cowan, M., Fortunato, L., Bennett, J.E., Danaei, G., Hajifathalian, K., Lu, Y., Riley, L.M., Laxmaiah, A., Kontis, V., Paciorek, C.J., Riboli, E., Ezzati, M., Abdeen, Z.A., Hamid, Z.A., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Adams, R., Aekplakorn, W., Aguilar-Salinas, C.A., Agyemang, C., Ahmadvand, A., Ahrens, W., Al-Hazzaa, H.M., Al-Othman, A.R., Raddadi, R.A., Ali, M.M., Alkerwi, A., Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Aly, E., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Andersen, L.B., Anderssen, S.A., Anjana, R.M., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Ariansen, I., Aris, T., Arlappa, N., Arveiler, D., Assah, F.K., Avdicová, M., Azizi, F., Babu, B.V., Bahijri, S., Balakrishna, N., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J.R., Barbagallo, C.M., Barceló, A., Barkat, A., Barros, M.V., Bata, I., Batieha, A.M., Batista, R.L., Baur, L.A., Beaglehole, R., Romdhane, H.B., Benet, M., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., Bernotiene, G., Bettiol, H., Bhagyalaxmi, A., Bharadwaj, S., Bhargava, S.K., Bhatti, Z., Bhutta, Z.A., Bi, H., Bi, Y., Bjerregaard, P., Bjertness, E., Bjertness, M.B., Björkelund, C., Blokstra, A., Bo, S., Bobak, M., Boddy, L.M., Boehm, B.O., Boeing, H., Boissonnet, C.P., Bongard, V., Bovet, P., Braeckman, L., Bragt, M.C., Brajkovich, I., Branca, F., Breckenkamp, J., Brenner, H., Brewster, L.M., Brian, G.R., Bruno, G., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.A., Bugge, A., Burns, C., León, A.C., Cacciottolo, J., Cama, T., Cameron, C., Camolas, J., Can, G., Cândido, A.P., Capuano, V., Cardoso, V.C., Carlsson, A.C., Carvalho, M.J., Casanueva, F.F., Casas, J.P., Caserta, C.A., Chamukuttan, S., Chan, A.W., Chan, Q., Chaturvedi, H.K., Chaturvedi, N., Chen, C.J., Chen, F., Chen, H., Chen, S., Chen, Z., Cheng, C.Y., Chetrit, A., Chiolero, A., Chiou, S.T., Chirita-Emandi, A., Cho, B., Cho, Y., Christensen, K., Chudek, J., Cifkova, R., Claessens, F., Clays, E., Concin, H., Cooper, C., Cooper, R., Coppinger, T.C., Costanzo, S., Cottel, D., Cowell, C., Craig, C.L., Crujeiras, A.B., D'Arrigo, G., d'Orsi, E., Dallongeville, J., Damasceno, A., Damsgaard, C.T., Dankner, R., Dauchet, L., Backer, G.D., Bacquer, D.D., Gaetano, Gd, Henauw, S.D., Smedt, D.D., Deepa, M., Deev, A.D., Dehghan, A., Delisle, H., Delpeuch, F., Deschamps, V., Dhana, K., Castelnuovo, A.F., Dias-da-Costa, J.S., Diaz, A., Djalalinia, S., Do, H.T., Dobson, A.J., Donfrancesco, C., Donoso, S.P., Döring, A., Doua, K., Drygas, W., Dzerve, V., Egbagbe, E., Eggertsen, R., Ekelund, U., Ati, J.E., Elliott, P., Engle-Stone, R., Erasmus, R.T., Erem, C., Eriksen, L., Peña, J.E., Evans, A., Faeh, D., Fall, C.H., Farzadfar, F., Felix-Redondo, F.J., Ferguson, T.S., Fernández-Bergés, D., Ferrante, D., Ferrari, M., Ferreccio, C., Ferrieres, J., Finn, J.D., Fischer, K., Flores, E.M., Föger, B., Foo, L.H., Forslund, A.S., Forsner, M., Fortmann, S.P., Fouad, H.M., Francis, D.K., Franco, M.do C., Franco, O.H., Frontera, G., Fuchs, F.D., Fuchs, S.C., Fujita, Y., Furusawa, T., Gaciong, Z., Gafencu, M., Gareta, D., Garnett, S.P., Gaspoz, J.M., Gasull, M., Gates, L., Geleijnse, J.M., Ghasemian, A., Giampaoli, S., Gianfagna, F., Giovannelli, J., Giwercman, A., Goldsmith, R.A., Gonçalves, H., Gross, M.G., Rivas, J.P., Gorbea, M.B., Gottrand, F., Graff-Iversen, S., Grafnetter, D., Grajda, A., Grammatikopoulou, M.G., Gregor, R.D., Grodzicki, T., Grøntved, A., Gruden, G., Grujic, V., Gu, D., Gualdi-Russo, E., Guan, O.P., Gudnason, V., Guerrero, R., Guessous, I., Guimaraes, A.L., Gulliford, M.C., Gunnlaugsdottir, J., Gunter, M., Guo, X., Guo, Y., Gupta, P.C., Gureje, O., Gurzkowska, B., Gutierrez, L., Gutzwiller, F., Halkjær, J., Hambleton, I.R., Hardy, R., Kumar, R.H., Hata, J., Hayes, A.J., He, J., Hendriks, M.E., Cadena, L.H., Herrala, S., Heshmat, R., Hihtaniemi, I.T., Ho, S.Y., Ho, S.C., Hobbs, M., Hofman, A., Hormiga, C.M., Horta, B.L., Houti, L., Howitt, C., Htay, T.T., Htet, A.S., Htike, M.M., Hu, Y., Husseini, A., Huu, C.N., Huybrechts, I., Hwalla, N., Iacoviello, L., Iannone, A.G., Ibrahim, M.M., Ikeda, N., Ikram, M.A., Irazola, V.E., Islam, M., Ivkovic, V., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, R.T., Jacobs, J.M., Jafar, T., Jamil, K.M., Jamrozik, K., Janszky, I., Jasienska, G., Jelakovic, B., Jiang, C.Q., Joffres, M., Johansson, M., Jonas, J.B., Jørgensen, T., Joshi, P., Juolevi, A., Jurak, G., Jureša, V., Kaaks, R., Kafatos, A., Kalter-Leibovici, O., Kapantais, E., Kasaeian, A., Katz, J., Kaur, P., Kavousi, M., Keil, U., Boker, L.K., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, 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LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Mu TT, Muiesan ML, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Musa KI, Musil V, Nagel G, Nakamura H, Jana N, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Navarrete Muñoz EM, Neal WA, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Neuhauser HK, Nguyen ND, Nguyen QN, Nieto Martínez RE, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Norat T, Noto D, Nsour MA, O'Reilly D, Oh K, Olayan IH, Olinto MTA, Oltarzewski M, Omar MA, Onat A, Ordunez P, Ortiz AP, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Padez C, Pahomova E, Pajak A, Palli D, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Panda-Jonas S, Panza F, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pecin I, Pednekar MS, Peeters PH, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Pérez CM, Peters A, Petkeviciene J, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Porta M, Portegies ML, Poulimeneas D, Pradeepa R, Prashant M, Price JF, Puiu M, Tartu MP, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Bao TQ, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rao SR, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos R, Rampal S, Rasmussen F, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, Wit TFR, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Robinson SM, Robitaille C, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MDC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Ronkainen K, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Rui O, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Horimoto ARR, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Saidi O, Salanave B, Martinez ES, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sandjaja, Sans S, Santos DA, Santos O, Santos RND, Santos R, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum KU, Savva SC, Scazufca M, Rosario AS, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schmidt IM, Schneider IJ, Schultsz C, Schutte AE, Sein AA, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Shalnova SA, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shibuya K, Shin DW, Shin Y, 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C, Ueda P, Ukoli FA, Ulmer H, Unal B, Uusitalo HM, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, Schouw YTV, Herck KV, Minh HV, Rossem LV, Valkengoed IGV, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vatten L, Vega T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Veronesi G, Verschuren WM, Verstraeten R, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Viikari-Juntura E, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vollenweider P, Voutilainen S, Vrdoljak A, Vrijheid M, Wade AN, Wagner A, Walton J, Mohamud WNW, Wang MD, Wang Q, Wang YX, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weerasekera D, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu SL, Xu H, Xu L, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang X, Yardim N, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yoshihara A, You QS, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zainuddin AA, Zambon S, Zdrojewski T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng Y, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zimmermann E, Cisneros JZ., Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, EMGO - Quality of care, Urology, Grand Challenges Canada, Wellcome Trust, Claessens, Frank, Staessen, Jan A, Thijs, Lutgarde, and Vanderschueren, Dirk
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estatura corporal ,Epidemiology ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,medical research ,pituuskasvu ,Global Health ,0302 clinical medicine ,adults ,Public health surveillance ,Biology (General) ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,height ,global ,trends ,POPULATION ,Human Nutrition & Health ,biological sciences ,education.field_of_study ,EVOLUÇÃO HUMANA ,Humane Voeding & Gezondheid ,General Medicine ,adulto ,Hälsovetenskaper ,Biological sciences ,nutrition ,OF-THE-LITERATURE ,Medicine ,GROWTH ,HEALTH ,Public Health ,Human ,QH301-705.5 ,Science ,SECULAR CHANGES ,Socio-culturale ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medical research ,None ,Health Sciences ,Humans ,Human height ,education ,VLAG ,Neuroscience (all) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,Adult human height ,CHILD UNDERNUTRITION ,030104 developmental biology ,Body mass index ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography ,0301 basic medicine ,Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna ,Nutrition and Disease ,Immunology and Microbiology (all) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,humanos ,epidemiology ,global health ,none ,Voeding en Ziekte ,Stature -- History -- 20th century ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,aikuiset ,General Neuroscience ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Body size ,Adult ,Body Height ,Adult height ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.03 [https] ,Research Article ,STATURE ,South asia ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03 [https] ,Stature, Tall ,Population ,Global health ,Journal Article ,Life Science ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biological science ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.04 [https] ,Quarter (United States coin) ,trendit ,BODY-MASS INDEX ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,korkeus ,Epidemiology and Global Health ,Cancer incidence ,CANCER INCIDENCE ,WEIGHT - Abstract
Article, Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3–19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8–144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries., published version, http://purl.org/eprint/status/PeerReviewed
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- 2016
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49. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants
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Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley, Rildo S, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Justin Y Y, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Giwercman Wu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology [Shanghai, China] (CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science), Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology [Shanghai, China]-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Shanghai, China], Imperial College London, University of Kentucky, Middlesex University, Cleveland Clinic, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Brandeis University, Mulago Hospital [Kampala, Ouganda], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), World Health Organisation (WHO), Al-Quds University, Discipline of Medicine, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran [Mexico], Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, Centre for Industrial Management, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Dept. Atherosclerose, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Technical University of Lisbon, Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, Ufa Eye Research Institute [Bashkortostan], National Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne university hospital, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Medical Sciences [Turin, Italy] (DMS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), ASU - School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Oxford [Oxford], Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red especializado en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Los Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-IRC KULAK, Department of Public Health, State University of Ghent, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit [Southampton, UK], University of Southampton, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] (EPI), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Sahlgrenska University Hospital [Gothenburg], Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC, Institut National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire (INNTA), University of Huddersfield, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Medstar Research Institute, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Medical Research Council, Applied Sciences, National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Department of Epidemiology [Rotterdam], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Laboratoire d'Etude des Mammifères Marins (LEMM), Océanopolis [Brest], Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille, Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Centro Investig Quim Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, Centro Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], Health Services Research Unit, Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University College of London [London] (UCL), The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, School of Information Technology, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Faculté de Médecine, Université Djilali Liabès [Sidi-Bel-Abbès], Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Research Center for Prevention and Health, University of Ljubljana, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Crete School of medicine, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Oncology, University of Tampere Medical School, University of Tampere, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre for Environmental Health, National Institue of Public Health, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), INRAN, National University of Singapore (NUS), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle (CERV), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB), Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg (GU), Institute of Earthquake Science, CEA, Beijing, CEA, Beijing, University of Porto Medical School, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aging Program, National research council, Padua, Italy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Institute of Internal Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Départment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Oran Es-Senia [Oran] | Université d'Oran Es-Senia [Oran], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Tartu, Department of Community, Université Ain Shams-Faculty of Medicine-Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pécsi Tudemányegyetem, Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Université Ain Shams, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry [Ulm, Allemagne], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, MRc Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Cardiology and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Department of Cardiology, Eastbourne General Hospital, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King‘s College London, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Movement Disorders and Tourette Centre, Genetica medicala, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFT), Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tampere University Hospital, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dept of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain, parent, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], University of São Paulo (USP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institute for plasma research, Institute for Plasma Research, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC - Academic medical center, Central Hospital and Faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences university, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University Diabetes Centre, School of Computing [Leeds], University of Leeds, Copenhagen University Hospital, Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Food Science, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Social Medecine, Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences [Leuven], Cancer Epidemiology Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion (MONICA Data Centre), National Public Health Institute, Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds (NutriPass), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Havard School of Public Health, Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School [Athens], University of Kuopio, Tampere University, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Social Medicine, Amsterdam, Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Catholic University of Leuven, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Universidad Miguel Hernández [Elche] (UMH), Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition [Kuopio, Finland], Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of Silesia (SUM), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Hygiene Warsaw, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Food Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CAE-NUAA), NUAA, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, Siemens Corporate Research, Siemens AG [Munich], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z]., NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). We thank WHO country and regional offices and the World Heart Federation for support in data identification and access., Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Turin, Universidade do Porto, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University Diabetes Centre-Lund University [Lund], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Kentucky (UK), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Lausanne University Hospital, University of Oxford, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], Giampaoli, Simona [0000-0002-6679-1488], Moschonis, George [0000-0003-3009-6675], Papandreou, Dimitrios [0000-0002-4923-484X], Stathopoulou, Maria G. [0000-0003-4376-2083], Stergiou, George S. [0000-0002-6132-0038], Trichopoulou, Antonia [0000-0002-7204-6396], Valvi, Damaskini [0000-0003-4633-229X], Chen, Z, Woodward, M, Key, T, and Smith, M
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systolic blood pressure ,Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna ,blood pressure measurement ,HEALTH EXAMINATION SURVEYS ,Blood Pressure ,Hypertension ,Population Health ,Global Health ,Non-communicable Disease ,Epidemiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,global health ,South Asia ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https] ,kohonnut verenpaine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,middle income country ,measurement method ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Kardiologi: 771 ,Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ,adult ,Population health ,public health ,blood pressure regulation ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Non-communicable disease ,kansainvälinen vertailu ,health survey ,aged ,female ,priority journal ,Blood pressure ,mean arterial pressure ,GLOBAL TRENDS ,SODIUM-INTAKE ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,survey design ,hypertension ,prevalence ,Global health ,UNITED-STATES ,URBAN COMMUNITIES ,Article ,SECULAR TRENDS ,Middle East ,Central Asia ,male ,disease prevalence ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,kansanterveys ,blood ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,human ,verenpainetauti ,non-communicable disease ,Science & Technology ,Pacific Ocean ,high income country ,diastolic blood pressure ,Pacific Rim ,Blood Pressure - Epidemiology - Population ,North Africa ,major clinical study ,HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE ,verenpaine ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,POTASSIUM INTAKE ,sense organs ,trend analysis ,trend study ,population research ,population health ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,low income country - Abstract
Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group-and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups., This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z].
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- 2018
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50. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults
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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Abarca-Gómez, L., Abdeen, Z.A., Hamid, Z.A., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Acuin, C., Adams, R.J., Aekplakorn, W., Afsana, K., Aguilar-Salinas, C.A., Agyemang, C., Ahmadvand, A., Ahrens, W., Ajlouni, K., Akhtaeva, N., Al-Hazzaa, H.M., Al-Othman, A.R., Al-Raddadi, R., Al Buhairan, F., Al Dhukair, S., Ali, M.M., Ali, O., Alkerwi, A., Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Aly, E., Amarapurkar, D.N., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Andersen, L.B., Anderssen, S.A., Andrade, D.S., Ängquist, L.H., Anjana, R.M., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Araújo, J., Ariansen, I., Aris, T., Arlappa, N., Arveiler, D., Aryal, K.K., Aspelund, T., Assah, F.K., Assunção, MCF, Aung, M.S., Avdicová, M., Azevedo, A., Azizi, F., Babu, B.V., Bahijri, S., Baker, J.L., Balakrishna, N., Bamoshmoosh, M., Banach, M., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J.R., Barbagallo, C.M., Barceló, A., Barkat, A., Barros, A.J., Barros, M.V., Bata, I., Batieha, A.M., Batista, R.L., Batyrbek, A., Baur, L.A., Beaglehole, R., Romdhane, H.B., Benedics, J., Benet, M., Bennett, J.E., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., Bernotiene, G., Bettiol, H., Bhagyalaxmi, A., Bharadwaj, S., Bhargava, S.K., Bhatti, Z., Bhutta, Z.A., Bi, H., Bi, Y., Biehl, A., Bikbov, M., Bista, B., Bjelica, D.J., Bjerregaard, P., Bjertness, E., Bjertness, M.B., Björkelund, C., Blokstra, A., Bo, S., Bobak, M., Boddy, L.M., Boehm, B.O., Boeing, H., Boggia, J.G., Boissonnet, C.P., Bonaccio, M., Bongard, V., Bovet, P., Braeckevelt, L., Braeckman, L., Bragt, M.C., Brajkovich, I., Branca, F., Breckenkamp, J., Breda, J., Brenner, H., Brewster, L.M., Brian, G.R., Brinduse, L., Bruno, G., Bueno-de-Mesquita, HBA, Bugge, A., Buoncristiano, M., Burazeri, G., Burns, C., de León, A.C., Cacciottolo, J., Cai, H., Cama, T., Cameron, C., Camolas, J., Can, G., Cândido, APC, Capanzana, M., Capuano, V., Cardoso, V.C., Carlsson, A.C., Carvalho, M.J., Casanueva, F.F., Casas, J.P., Caserta, C.A., Chamukuttan, S., Chan, A.W., Chan, Q., Chaturvedi, H.K., Chaturvedi, N., Chen, C.J., Chen, F., Chen, H., Chen, S., Chen, Z., Cheng, C.Y., Chetrit, A., Chikova-Iscener, E., Chiolero, A., Chiou, S.T., Chirita-Emandi, A., Chirlaque, M.D., Cho, B., Cho, Y., Christensen, K., Christofaro, D.G., Chudek, J., Cifkova, R., Cinteza, E., Claessens, F., Clays, E., Concin, H., Confortin, S.C., Cooper, C., Cooper, R., Coppinger, T.C., Costanzo, S., Cottel, D., Cowell, C., Craig, C.L., Crujeiras, A.B., Cucu, A., D'Arrigo, G., d'Orsi, E., Dallongeville, J., Damasceno, A., Damsgaard, C.T., Danaei, G., Dankner, R., Dantoft, T.M., Dastgiri, S., Dauchet, L., Davletov, K., De Backer, G., De Bacquer, D., De Curtis, A., de Gaetano, G., De Henauw, S., de Oliveira, P.D., De Ridder, K., De Smedt, D., Deepa, M., Deev, A.D., Dehghan, A., Delisle, H., Delpeuch, F., Deschamps, V., Dhana, K., Di Castelnuovo, A.F., Dias-da-Costa, J.S., Diaz, A., Dika, Z., Djalalinia, S., Do, H.T., Dobson, A.J., Donati, M.B., Donfrancesco, C., Donoso, S.P., Döring, A., Dorobantu, M., Dorosty, A.R., Doua, K., Drygas, 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- Abstract
Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.
- Published
- 2017
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