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Orthodontic tooth movement is the result of bone remodeling that occurs in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone tissue as a response to mechanical loading of the tooth. The aim of this study is to investigate the time- and dose-response effects of locally administered clodronate on tooth movement. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 specimens: E1 - application of 10 mMol of clodronate in 3-day intervals ; E2 - application of 2.5 mMol of clodronate in 3-day intervals ; E3 - application of 10 mMol of clodronate in 7-day intervals ; E4 - application of 2.5 mMol of clodronate in 7-day intervals. A 50 μL clodronate solution was injected into a subperiosteal area to the right maxillary incisor. The left maxillary incisor served as a control, with an injection of saline solution. In 3-day interval application regime, there was no effect of clodronate dosing on tooth movement. In 7-day interval application regime, decreased tooth movement was observed with 10 mMol compared with 2.5 mMol clodronate concentration. However, decreased tooth movement was also observed when 2.5 mMol of clodronate was applied in 7-versus 3-day intervals. Conversely, no difference was observed when 10 mMol concentration was applied in 3- versus 7-day intervals. When clodronate is applied subperiosteally in the root area, it decreases the tooth movement. Tooth movement is impeded by the higher clodronate dosing, as well as by shorter application interval even with lower dosing. The purpose of future trials should, therefore, be to determine a safe therapeutic dose/interval application of clodronate in humans and their potential side effects.

The cybernetic LOPI model is based on the idea that in the case of demography, a well-known logistic model (Jovanović 1999) has to be modified so that the rate of population reproduction (X) is controlled by two age groups: a) the reproductive group (Y3): positive control, and b) the post-reproductive population (Y4, Y5): negative non-linear control. So the reproduction controller has the following form: X=(Yr/Tr)(1-(Ya/G)). The primary aim of the present investigation was to apply cybernetic LOPI model to the simulation of demographics and population dynamics of the eastern and western region of the island of Hvar for the time period between 1700 a.d. and present day.

GPS, Galileo and GLONASS, as well as Telecommunication Satellite Systems (TSSs) and Meteorological Satellite Systems (MSSs) are examples of space technologies upon which human society is becoming increasingly dependent. A major failure in any such system will have a severe and global impact. This report presents a study of, and a possible solution to the hazards posed by Space Weather upon space technologies, as well as Earth based systems and humans in space and on Earth. It concludes that society is currently not sufficiently prepared for extreme Space Weather events by a lack of long-term plans for research and forecasting of the problem. Activities on national levels are being conducted, but there is a lack of coordination, and financing is not secured in all cases. A study of Space Weather impacts on technological systems in space and on Earth, as well as the effects on humans is here presented. Taking into account these problems, an International Space Weather Organization (ISWO) is proposed. This is an intergovernmental organization aiming to design and operate solar observatory missions in order to analyze and forecast the effects of Space Weather. It will encourage national and regional space agencies to build ISWO proposed solar and Space Weather research missions and provide Mission Requirements Documents (MRDs) and Mission Interface Documents (MIDs), of which summaries of the first are presented in this report. To conclude the outline of ISWO, an analysis of a spacecraft constellation in the Sun-Earth Lagrangian points to forecast and monitor Space Weather is performed. This constellation is called Surya, and will improve the actual forecast of Space Weather by providing 3D images and better coverage of the Sun. The feasibility of placing observatories in the different Lagrangian points of the Sun-Earth system is analyzed in a scientific and an economic perspective.

Loss or impairment of vestibular sensory input causes impaired postural control, ataxias, nausea and disturbed motor performance. Vestibular deficiencies are caused by traumas to inner ear or associated nerves, neurodegenerative processes and changes in baseline gravity environments. Postflight vestibular deconditioning is a significant operational and medical problem encountered by astronauts on long-duration missions. Vestibular deficiencies also present a significant public health issue since they are associated with an increased risk of falling in the elderly. Sensory substitution is a potentially beneficial technique for treatment of vestibular deficiencies. Contemporary research on sensory substitution has yielded significant results demonstrating its effectiveness and potential for a broad range of applications (Bach-y-Rita 2004). Particularly good results have been obtained by electrotactile stimulation through tongue brain-machine interfaces (BMI ; Bach-y-Rita 2004, Bach-y-Rita et al. 1998a, Bach-y-Rita et al 1998b). Vestibular electrotactile sensory substitution was demonstrated to be effective in improving postural control of vestibular-deficient patients (Scinicariello et al. 2001, Tyler et al. 2003) and to cause a transitory postural stabilization after-effect attributable to motor learning (Tyler et al. 2003). However these results have not been replicated in a sample of a normal population. This study was conducted in order to provide empirical data on the effects of vestibular sensory substitution through electrotactile stimulation of the tongue BMI on postural control in a sample of a normal population. Postural control measures were recorded using a Computerized Posturography System (CDP ; NeuroCom International, Clackamas, OR) while vestibular sensory substitution was delivered through electrotactile stimulation of the tongue by the Brainport TM Balance Device (tongue electrotactile display – TED ; Wicab Inc. Middleton, WI). The test protocol consisted of a series of modified sensory organization tests (SOT) performed on the CDP platform with or without the use of TED. The aims of this study were to determine whether sensory substitution improves postural control measures, whether any learning effects develop resulting from usage of TED and whether there are sex differences in the effects of sensory substitution on postural control. The results of the study indicate that the TED usage is beneficial for the postural control in challenging somatosensory conditions where inputs from multiple sensors – including the vestibular inputs – are compromised. This is particularly true for conditions simulated by dynamic SOT4 sensory environments. Obtained results support a novel hypothesis based on several assumptions – that electrotactile vestibular sensory substitution is most beneficial when it is used as a cognitive background sensory input while the cognitive focus is placed on postural control mechanisms aimed at maintaining balance in challenging dynamic environments where proprioceptive sensory inputs are compromised. Statistical analysis on obtained data suggests that the TED effect on postural control is strong enough in dynamic sequences of the compromised proprioceptive sensory environment. These data suggest that a learning process may be a result of TED usage. Additional study of the learning effects needs to be conducted on a larger sample of subjects to confirm or reject the results obtained in this study. No significant differences between male and female subjects were recorded on postural control measures. A tendency for higher scores was observed in female subjects. Additional study of these tendencies is required. The results support continuing research of electrotactile sensory substitution through the tongue BMI.

Earth-based and space-based technologies are very susceptible to any kind of magnetic activities. As society becomes increasingly dependent on space-based infrastructure, space weather e ects could have severe and global impacts on our daily life. Space weather can seriously disrupt radio communications and power supply, having cascading e ects that negatively impact public safety, information services, industrial processes, transport, etc. There is much to be learned about space weather before its risks can be mitigated. Unfortunately, the general public is not su ciently aware of the risks and impacts related to space weather conditions. The public’ s lack of knowledge and subsequent weak public support, leads to a lack in the government funding needed to complete space weather research. As was demonstrated during the October and November 2003 series of major solar eruptions, also known as the Halloween event, the number of hits per day on related websites increased after public media announcements were made. This shows that the public would be more involved, but is aware only after receiving media coverage. This paper will present an outreach program that includes both media and education channels for increasing public interest and attracting private support. This initiative is part of a group project completed by a team of International Space University Master students to handle the issues related to space weather.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to propose a countermeasure strategy based on modulation of vestibular neurotransmitters. Although several postflight vestibular deconditioning countermeasure strategies are being developed, no operational strategy presently exists. With the prospect of extended human exploration missions, there is a need develop postflight countermeasures that would allow human crews to operate unhindered and without delay in gravity environments after prolonged exposure to microgravity. Short-term exposure to microgravity causes vestibular readaptation followed by deconditioning upon return to nominal gravity conditions. Changes in the background force environment cause vestibular deconditioning manifested in vestibulo-ocular/-spinal reflex decompensation and ataxias. The neurobehavioral effects of postflight vestibular deconditioning cause significant risk to the crew and successful performance of mission tasks. Advances in selective pharmacological modulation of neurotransmitter activity introduce a possibility of using major vestibular neurotransmitters (Acetylcholine, Glutamate, GABA, Glycine) as modulators of vestibular sensory output. By controlling the sensory output to the integration areas in the cortex, partial influence may be exerted on the emanating vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-spinal responses. METHODOLOGY: A survey of technical capabilities and existing vestibular deconditioning strategies has been conducted. Pharmacological properties of four major vestibular neurotransmitters have been investigated. Research into pharmacological capabilities of selective synaptic modulation (release/reuptake) of neurotransmitters in the CNS has been conducted. Based on the performed research a neurotransmitter-based postflight vestibular deconditioning strategy has been proposed for the major vestibular neurotransmitters. RESULTS: Pharmacological properties of four major vestibular neurotransmitters – Acetylcholine, Glutamate, GABA, Glycine were investigated. Anticholinergic medication (scopolamine) is effectively being used to treat SMS and related symptoms. Selective modulation of Ach synaptic activity could be achieved by increased local availability of acetylcholinesterase. Modulation of Glutamate (excitatory) activity may be achieved through selective blocking of mGlur receptors which would reduce the synaptic time of glutamate and reduce its excitatory effect on sensory signal transmission. The time of synaptic activity for GABA and Glycine (inhibitory) could be extended by introducing glycine reuptake inhibitors and GABA A/B receptor agonists. This would allow for prolonged glycine and GABA activity at respective sites of action. CONCLUSION: Preparation of extended human exploration missions requires development of operational countermeasures for postflight vestibular deconditioning. Neurotransmitter-based countermeasures employing selective synaptic release/reuptake modulation of major vestibular neurotransmitters (ACh, GABA, Glutamate, Glycine) offer prospect for development of applicable postflight countermeasures. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This study was supported by the Research project #0196003 of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia.

Today Earth and space technologies are very susceptible to any kind of magnetic activities. The Space Environment and in particular Space Weather e ects could have a severe and global impact on our daily life as the human society becomes more and more dependent on space based infrastructure, such as electrical grids, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), telecommunications systems (TCSS) and meteorological satellite systems (MSS). In consequence, what would happen if a major solar storm, larger than any previous solar event, reaches the Earth? This paper will discuss space weather disaster impacts on space-based, and terrestrial, infrastructures and systems from an interdisciplinary point of view. Firstly, e ects from fallout of major susceptible systems have been studied. These include GNSS, TCSS and MSS systems in space and on the Earth. Secondly, direct and indirect consequences from a disaster upon human life and economy are adressed. This include health issues and other unknown human factors, as well as communication (broadcasting, bank transactions, etc.) and transportation hazards (air tra c control, ships control, car control systems). Finally, this study also includes space exploration issues and its potential problems for spacecraft as well as for humans. This initiative is part of a group project completed by a team of International Space University Master students to handle the issues related to space weather. The complete project report first discusses space weather disaster impacts on space-based and terrestrial infrastructure and systems. Then, it provides a study of a mission system to provide a better forecast of Space Weather on Earth and for use in future space exploration missions. Finally an organizational framework for an International SpaceWeather Emergency Response Plan Organization is proposed.

U ovom istraživanju provedena je asocijacijska studija polimorfizama gena SLC6A4 koji kodira serotoninske transportere, sa psihološkim svojstvima ispitanika iz uzorkaka populacija otoka Visa (grad Komiža i grad Vis) i grada Zagreba. Obavljene su analize psihometrijskih i genetičkih podataka. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 95 osoba. Istraživanje se sastojalo od ispunjavanja psihometrijskih instrumenata EPS (Eysenck Personality Scales) i MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2), te genotipiziranja istraživanih polimorfizama VNTR-17 i 5-HTTLPR. Laboratorijska istraživanja i ocjena psihometrijskih inventara obavljena je na Institutu za antropologiju u Zagrebu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da istraživane populacije sa otoka Visa i grada Zagreba ne odstupaju značajno od Hardy-Weinbergove ravnoteže. Pronađena su statistički značajne razlike u psihološkim svojstvima između dvaju uzoraka za svojstva obrambenih stavova, cinizma, potencijalne ovisnosti, laganja, avanturizma, socijalne introverzije, strahova, antisocijalnog ponašanja, obiteljskih nevolja, negativnih stavova prema liječenju, muške spolne uloge, socijalne introverzije-otuđenosti od sebe i drugih, nedosljednosti odgovaranja. U uzorku otoka Visa utvrđena je asocijacija između polimorfizma 5-HTTLPR i svojstava neuroticizma, hipohondrije, konverzivne histerije, opsesivnosti, depresije, zdravstvenih briga, problema na poslu, negativnih stavova prema liječenju, anksioznosti, bračnih nevolja, posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja, socijalne introverzije-otuđenosti od sebe i drugih i rijetkih pojava. U uzorku grada Zagreba utvrđena je asocijacija između polimorfizma 5-HTTLPR i laganja, psihastenije i shizofrenije. U uzorku otoka Visa utvrđena je asocijacija polimorfizma VNTR-17 i laganja, depresije, konverzivne histerije i dominacije. U uzorku grada Zagreba utvrđena je asocijacija između polimorfizma VNTR-17 i negativnih stavova prema liječenju. U uzorku otoka Visa dokazane je statistički značajne povezanost između polimorfizma 5-HTTLPR i neuroticizma, 5-HTTLPR i hipohondrije, te 5-HTTLPR i zdravstvenih briga. Nadalje je utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost između polimorfizma VNTR-17 i zdravstvenih briga. U uzorku grada Zagreba dokazana je statistički značajna veza između polimorfizma 5-HTTLPR i psihastenije. Faktorskom analizom utvrđeno je postojanje 2 dobro definirana faktora na otoku Visu, te 2 dobro definirana i jednog slabo definiranog faktora u gradu Zagrebu. Logističkom regresijskom analizom utvrđen je statistički značajan utjecaj polimorfizma 5-HTTLPR i spola na psihopatološke tendencije hipohondrije, te 5-HTTLPR-a na psihopatološke tendencije zdravstvenih briga. Također je dokazana i statistički značajan utjecaj polimorfizma VNTR-17 na psihopatološke tendencije zdravstvenih briga.

The aim of the ongoing investigation is to obtain data on the interaction between anthropometric and psychometric traits and genetic variation of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT, SERT) in the brain. The purpose of this study is to provide the basis for future research on interaction between biological and psychosocial factors and their reflections on ecological and demographic developments of specific populations. Since the level of complexity in anthropological phenomena increases from individual, over family and onto social levels the intention was to gather relevant data that could be applied to understanding the dynamics of these processes through cybernetic modeling. Historic family data obtained from registries of births, marriages and deaths provide temporal context of demographic and socioeconomic development of investigated populations. Complexity of anthropological phenomena invokes the use of synthesizing anthropocybernetic models. “ Values” model is based on OPSIM procedure and comprises of a system of 8 compartments and respective control mechanisms. The system of compartments is defined by the compartmental input Xi (added to a compartment i) and exit (Fi, j) or entry (Fj, i) flows. Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) rates among the most investigated neurotransmitters. The reason for incessant 50 year research on 5-HT is well founded in its role as modulator of affective states, sleep cycles, appetite, learning, memory and various psychopathologies. Sodium dependent serotonin transporter (5-HTT, SERT) is found on placental, neuronal, pulmonary and platelet membranes and is believed to be the main action site for therapeutic antidepressants. Genetic variation of SERT is of great interest in terms of its influence on psychometric and possibly anthropometric traits. The study involves the following methodological steps: blood sampling, anthropometric measurement of subjects, collection of psychometric data and collection of family records. Psychometric data is obtained by means of combined administration of Eysenck Personality Scales&copy ; (EPS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2&copy ; (MMPI-2). Thus obtained data will be integrated into “ Values” model. Tentative results indicate possible correlation between the stated elements, but significant further analysis needs to be done to confirm the obtained preliminary data.

Genetic isolate populations offer unique opportunities for comparative investigations of genetic and behvaioral traits. Study conducted at the island of Vis and the city of Zagreb supports this view, with preliminary results from Komiza and Vis suggesting differences in some of teh investigated personality dimensions.

Terrestrial evolutionary processes produced structurally and functionally increasingly complex biotic systems. Increases in complexity promoted development of a coordination-and-control apparatus. Emergence of neural apparatus facilitated development of physiological feedback mechanisms resulting in biotic systems becoming proactive agents rather than passive subjects to environmental change. Contemporary research in molecular and population genetics relates physiological processes to population dynamics and provides insight into emerging properties of complex evolving systems. Cybernetics investigates communication and control within systems. Applied to astrobiology, controllable cybernetic models simulate biotic systems and provide insight into their dynamics emerging from increasingly complex functional organization and interactions with the environment. Our research group developed a biocybernetic model designed to simulate evolutionary and population dynamics of highly complex anthropological systems. This research tool simulates population dynamics of agents within a complex biosocial environment. It provides a suitable means for understanding complexity of emergent phenomena such as interaction between genetic kinship, environmental disposition, available resources and population dynamics. Congruity of 82% between control and simulation data sets was achieved by the model. Ongoing research focuses on the model's use as predictive tool for investigations of evolutionary and population dynamics of complex biotic systems based on data describing their population size, environmental conditions, estimated reproduction rates and/or physiological and biosocial organization. The model's ability to simulate various levels of systemic complexity makes it a suitable research tool applicable to a wide range of evolutionary scenarios that are in focus of current research in astrobiology - from evolution of biocomplexity to emergence of intelligence.

Regardless of the frame of reference, evolutionary and co-evolutionary processes produced increasingly complex organisms struggling to survive and proliferate their own genetic material. Increases in structural and functional complexity of living organisms demanded development of a coordination-and-control apparatus. Emergence of neural apparatus facilitated development of physiological feedback mechanisms and enabled interaction of biotic systems with their environments resulting in them becoming proactive agents rather than passive subjects to environmental change. Quality of systemic control and coordination took the evolutionary edge away from the quality of structural design. Consequently, predicting a species' developmental and/or adaptive potential become a function of understanding its neural organization. Research methods in contemporary neuroscience allow observation of metabolic and physiological processes of the nervous system on a molecular level, while population genetic studies augmented with psychometric tests allow investigations of observable behavior. An existing anthropo-cybernetic model designed to simulate dynamics of complex anthropological phenomena was reconstructed into a neuro-cybernetic (NECY) model designed to simulate evolutionary and population dynamics of complex biotic systems. Research on the influence of genetic variation on expression of specific psychological traits and resulting behaviors promoted development of NECY- a research tool simulating population dynamics of agents within a complex biosocial environment. Congruity of up to 82% between the clinical and simulated data sets was achieved by the model. It provides a suitable means for understanding the complexity of emergent phenomena such as interaction between neuro-anatomical organization and behavior. NECY may be used as a predictive tool for investigations of evolutionary and population dynamics of biotic systems based on data describing their population size, environmental conditions, reproduction rates and physiological or biosocial organization. NECY's ability to model various levels of systemic and environmental complexity makes it an adaptive research tool applicable to a wide range of evolutionary scenarios astrobiologists may encounter in their research activities.

Znanstvena disciplina koja se bavi istraživanjem postanka i razvoja života u svemiru nekoliko je puta tijekom svoje osamdesetak godina duge povijesti mijenjala ime - od bioastronomije, preko egzobiologije do svoga današnjeg naziva - astrobiologija. Prve se znanstvene rasprave o preduvjetima postanka života na zemlji, te mogućnostima postojanja života u svemiru javljaju već dvadesetih godina prošlog stoljeća u radovima ruskih (Oparin) i britanskih znanstvenika (Haldane). Na osnovu rezultata tih istraživanja, a u svjetlu naglog razvoja istraživanja svemira, pedesetih se godina prošlog stoljeća ponovno budi zanimanje za mogućnost postojanja vanzemaljskog života. Sredinom devedesetih godina, astrobiologija postaje jedan od znanstvenoistraživačkih prioriteta NASA-e.

The widening gap between "the two cultures" (C.P. Snow) is nowhere so palpable as in the vanishing science of anthropology. The consequence of unresolved methodological disputes and rival priority claims is the actual division between anthropology's research programs, subject matters, and – as the final act of a drama – its institutions. Even for those advocating a "holistic" approach to the human species it becomes ever more difficult to recognize the ties connecting Social and Cultural Anthropology – let alone the "postmodern" Cultural Studies – with the discipline's scientific core embodied in Physical and Evolutionary Anthropology. However, the story of a happy divorce of sub-disciplines within anthropology has all the elements of a self-fulfilling prophecy. The tendency towards methodological double standards is ever more prevalent because it is treated as inevitable, and it is seen as inevitable because it is so widespread. The phenomenon deserves a closer inspection. Although the reconstruction of anthropology's recent past facilitates the understanding of its present state and the assessment/influence of its future development, we find it more promising to look at the actual research practices. To this effect, we will shortly present the scientific and educational profile of the Institute for Anthropological Research in Zagreb, Croatia (www.inantro.hr) , and – as a sort of a test case – one of its research projects: Population Structure of Croatia - Anthropocybernetic Models. Our aim is to show the complexity of anthropological phenomena involving different description/explanation levels – subpersonal (neurophisiological), personal (cognitive/affective), social (population-level) – and different research tools. Bearing this complexity in mind, we want to evaluate the prospects for integrating different perspectives – on methodologically sound grounds – into a uniqe picture. We will also try to detect some of the constraints and shortcomings of such an integrating enterprise. As we will point out, one of the most important constraints has to do with anthropologist's inability to do "pure science", independent of extra-scientific values. We hope that our test case will contribute to the clarification of some of the most pressing issues in philosophy and sociology of science.

Conveying anthropocentric concepts to extraterrestrial intelligent entities presents a technological, philosophical and ideational challenge. It should be noted right at the beginning (over and again) that alas, as hard as we try to make them universally intelligible and logical, our concepts do still remain hermeneutically human-bound. According to G. Bateson, cybernetics is a branch of mathematics dealing with problems of control, recursiveness and information. Altruism, a theoretically elusive concept yet one observable in human and animal behavior alike, raises the ante in terms of message complexity and possible modes of transmission. In short it involves using cybernetic mathematical models with artificial intelligence features in combination with behavior analysis software platforms (e.g. E-motion 1.0) featuring Motion Energy Detection (MED) as a means for interstellar message composition and conveyance of the notion of altruism.

The aim of the ongoing investigation is obtaining data on the interaction between psychological traits and genetic variation of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT/SERT) in the human brain. The purpose of this study is to provide the basis for future research on the interaction between neurophysiological and psychosocial factors and their reflection on the estimates of prevalence of major psychopathologies in specific populations. Since the level of complexity in anthropological phenomena increases from individual through family to social levels, the intention was to gather relevant data that could be applied to understanding the dynamics of these processes through cybernetic modeling. The complexity of both (neuro)physiological and anthropological phenomena invokes the use of synthesizing neurocybernetic models. For that purpose we developed the 'Values' model comprising of a system of compartments and respective control mechanisms. The system of compartments is defined by the compartmental input Xi and exit (Fi, j) and entry (Fj, i) flows. Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) rates among the most investigated neurotransmitters. Sodium dependent serotonin transporter (5-HTT, SERT) is found on placental, neuronal, pulmonary and platelet membranes and is believed to be the main action site for therapeutic antidepressants. Genetic variation of SERT is of great interest in terms of its influence on general psychometric traits and major psychopathologies. Our study involves the following methodological steps: blood sampling, collection of psychometric data, collection of family records and molecular genetic analysis. Psychometric data are obtained by means of combined administration of Eysenck Personality Scales&copy ; (EPS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2&copy ; (MMPI-2). Thus obtained data is integrated into 'Values' model. Tentative results indicate correlation between the stated elements, but significant further analysis needs to be done to confirm the preliminary data obtained.

Prijenos rudimentarno antropocentričnih pojmova mogućim izvanzemaljskim inteligentnim bićima predstavlja tehnološki, filozofski i idejni izazov. Koliko se god trudili učiniti ih univerzalno razumljivima svi naši pojmovi ostaju hermeneutički vezani uz fenomen ljudskog postojanja odnosno naša spoznajna ograničenja. U tom je smislu razumijevanje uloge koju je komunikacija igrala tijekom evolucije po važnosti mjerljiva samo s genetskom varijabilnošću zaslužnom za raznolikost života na zemlji.

The Values model was conceived to integrate complex system variables, as well as genetic and memetic (Dawkins 1976) variables. It is our belief that the interplay between genetic, memetic and environmental-demographic variables and their respective integration in the Values model algorithm, should enable us to better predict and estimate the possible developments within complex anthropological systems. The aim of this research is to investigate a model of interaction between environmental, genetic and memetic factors on individual, family and population levels through a combination of field data analysis and simulations developed by the Values model. The purpose of this research is to investigate the applicability of the Values model in simulations of complex systems and thus its applicability for future research in anthropocybernetics and related fields.

The primary aims of this project are to investigate the underlying ethological principles of body motor activity as it relates to indoctrination, dogmatism and personality in humans, and develop an interactive computerized behavioral recognition-analysis platform that would allow further interdisciplinary research. Ultimately, our goal is not only generating evidence of phylogenic basis of indoctrination, dogmatism and the role of personality traits in these processes, but providing new insight into the ethology of political indoctrination as a means of socially proliferated mind control, which would finally enable us to shed new light on historic politicians and their personalities. This research has many possible practical applications. Such a recognition-analysis platform, once developed and validated, could be easily applied to almost any other area of behavioral research.

The “ Values” model was conceived to integrate complex systems variables including genetic, memetic and demographic variables. Their respective integration in the “ Values” model algorithm should enable us to better predict and estimate possible developments within complex anthropological systems such as human communities. The aim of this investigation was to test the ability of the “ Values” model to approximately simulate the development and interaction of population size, kinship coefficient, environment and values within an imaginary population. The purpose of our research is to establish a basic model that could be used to simulate the behavior of complex anthropological systems, compare such simulations to available historical data for validation, predict demographic, socio-cultural, psychological and biological developments and finally set guidelines or suggestions for sustainable development of investigated communities.

Cybernetics is primarily concerned with the transfer of information through, and (re)actions of systems. The research aim was to investigate models of interaction dynamics between an anthropological system and its environment. Equifinality dynamic model defined by three compartments and propensity for establishment of a steady state regardless of the initial conditions was applied. The intention was to apply this concept in anthropological research using the OPSIM procedure. DYNOPS model defined by four age-group compartments and the environment was also used. Through numerous simulations, it was found that the influence of the environment increases with the decrease of time spent in the young age compartment. A drawback of DYNOPS model is that it places the environment in an unchangeable category, while in reality it necessarily changes through numerous interactions with various agents. Finally, cybernetics should not only be used to explicate, but also predict and correct undesired communal developments.