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This article introduces a new integrated model of counselling supervision entitled the Microcounselling Supervision Model (MSM). This type of supervision is designed for supervisors and supervisees who favor eclecticism and work from multiple theoretical orientations. MSM successfully combines skills from various theories and supervision models by reviewing basic counselling skills, classifying those same skills, and processing needed supervisory information gleaned from the interviewing session. The Counselling Interview Rating Form (CIRF), an integral instrument used in this model, is illustrated using examples from a case study.

Originating in 1966-68, Microcounseling was the first video-based listening program and its purposes and methods overlap with the communications field. This article presents history, research, and present applications in multiple fields nationally and internationally. Recent neuroscience and neurobiology research is presented with the important point--"counseling and communication change the brain and encourage the development of new neural networks."--Multicultural issues are important in the microskills framework. Over 500 databased Microcounseling studies exist with translations in 21 languages. The authors suggest that the communication studies field might wish to consider itself also a mental health profession as the teaching of listening skills and effective communication is central to well-being. Furthermore, communication studies can do much to increase multicultural understanding and cross-cultural communication.

There is rapid growth in Greece's professional and research activity in counseling, despite the lack of a clear professional identity for the field. It is hoped this will be overcome through the newly started graduate programs. Opportunities, objectives, and strategies for counseling's advancement should be directed toward close and essential collaboration at a European and at an international level, which will blend elements of original and host cultures with academic knowledge and professional counseling experience.

Social class, classism, and privilege and their relationship to counseling have been given insufficient attention. This article defines and explores White middle-class privilege; it proffers support for its integration in a multicultural competency, as well as its intersection with race and other dimensions of multiculturalism and privilege. Implications for counseling practice plus a clinical case study illustrate the issues.

Counseling psychology has a long history of interest and commitment to social justice and multicultural issues. This article discusses some of that history and, in addition, speaks to specifics of implementing a liberation psychology frame of reference into clinical practice along with the issues of implementation and challenges faced by those of a social justice orientation. The authors support the position of Vera and Speight (2003) but point to (a) the need to avoid ahistoricism as practitioners work with social justice and (b) the need for awareness that the multicultural competencies themselves represent a major social justice organizational intervention.

Developmental Counseling and Therapy offers an approach to the fourth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders classification systems that enables the reframing of severe client distress as a logical response to developmental history. Specific suggestions for positive case management and practice, multicultural issues, etiology, and treatment are discussed. (Author/EMK)

Suggests that mental-health professionals broaden treatment plans to include more attention to wider sociocultural and sociopolitical issues. Argues for placing traditional treatment strategies within a broader contextual framework. Recommends that counselors begin thinking like public mental-health professionals who view the appropriate level of intervention as communities at large. (RJM)

Responds to earlier article by Mio and Iwamasa (1993) on white researchers investigating ethnic-minority populations and other cross-cultural issues. Discusses three lessons from the symposium: counseling and psychotherapy have failed to recognize the important contributions of minority authors; a major fourth force of counseling and therapy theory has arisen; and counseling psychology must change or it will disappear. (NB)

Comments on article by Blakeney and Blakeney in which they offer metatheoretical perspective for counseling and therapy that gives primacy to developmental issues and to understanding worldview of client. Goes on to further demonstrate holistic and integrative nature and potential of Blakeney framework, using Developmental Counseling and Therapy as method of translation. (Author/NB)

Promotes culture-specific counseling approach, which starts with the culture and its people and searches out natural helping styles. Uses case model drawn from African-Igbo culture and applies anthropological constructs that seek to discover more culturally sensitive approach to counseling theory, to training in counseling skills and knowledge, and in using evaluative research techniques. (Author/NB)

Suggests that strategy for mental health counselors and other American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD) professionals is to focus on service to the consumer, unity within, and the clear articulation of the meaning of a developmental approach to counseling, therapy, and human growth. Practice within AACD is seen as educational-developmental in origin. (Author/ABL)

Contends the time has come for counseling and development to claim its space as a first-class profession in its own right, distinct from but incorporating important aspects of the related professional disciplines of counseling psychology, clinical psychology, and social work. Attempts to define counseling and development. (ABL)

Responds to review by Baker, Daniels, and Greeley of three major programs for systematic training of graduate-level counselors. Comments on needs for integration of the models, more emphasis on training as treatment, the importance of multicultural considerations, and ideas for action in the future. (TE)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) represents a medical model that can be reframed for more effective use in counseling. To achieve this goal, the authors describe how they can shift from client diagnosis to case formulation. In describing this shift, the authors offer an example of a theory-based etiology and relate case formulation to specific counseling interventions., The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000) is the most widely used classification system of mental disorders in the [...]

Counselors of all types need an understanding of and an ability to work with issues described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The traditional approach to the DSM-IV tends to locate the problem in the client, whereas a developmental approach focuses on the client in social and historical context. Specific recommendations for organizing a comprehensive treatment plan are represented. The authors endorse an educational and developmental role for counselors.

Claims the educational-developmental model allows a profession to work with the many contributions of the medical and psychological models but still to remain distinct. Recommends professional identity of counseling and development be defined more clearly to counselors and others. (ABL)