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The purpose of this paper was to determine whether recommendations made by King & Murphy ("Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders" 44:2717-2733, 2014) in their review of the evidence on autistic people in contact with the criminal justice system (CJS) have been addressed. Research published since 2013 was systematically examined and synthesised. The quality of 47 papers was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings suggest a limited amount of good quality research has been conducted that has focused on improving our understanding of autistic people in contact with the CJS since 2013. Methodological limitations make direct comparisons between autistic and non-autistic offenders difficult. Autistic people commit a range of crimes and appear to have unique characteristics that warrant further exploration (i.e., vulnerabilities, motivations for offending).

The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover discovered fine‐grained clastic sedimentary rocks in the "Hogwallow Flats" member of the "Shenandoah" formation at Jezero crater, Mars. The Hogwallow Flats member shows evidence of multiple phases of diagenesis including Fe/Mg‐sulfate‐rich (20–30 wt. %) outcrop transitioning downward into red‐purple‐gray mottled outcrop, Fe/Mg clay minerals and oxides, putative concretions, occasional Ca sulfate‐filled fractures, and variable redox state over small (cm) spatial scales. This work uses Mastcam‐Z and SuperCam instrument data to characterize and interpret the sedimentary facies, mineralogy and diagenetic features of the Hogwallow Flats member. The lateral continuity of bedrock similar in tone and morphology to Hogwallow Flats that occurs over several km within the western Jezero sedimentary fan suggests widespread deposition in a lacustrine or alluvial floodplain setting. Following deposition, sediments interacted with multiple fluids of variable redox state and salinity under habitable conditions. Three drilled sample cores were collected from this interval of the Shenandoah formation as part of the Mars Sample Return campaign. These samples have very high potential to preserve organic compounds and biosignatures. Drill cores may partially include dark‐toned mottled outcrop that lies directly below light‐toned, sulfate‐cemented outcrop. This facies may represent some of the least oxidized material observed at this interval of the Shenandoah formation. This work reconstructs the diagenetic history of the Hogwallow Flats member and discusses implications for biosignature preservation in rock samples for possible return to Earth. Plain Language Summary: The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover discovered sedimentary rocks in Jezero crater during the second year of its mission. Some of these rocks were informally named the "Hogwallow Flats" member of the "Shenandoah" formation. These rocks contain abundant clay minerals and sulfates, indicating ancient interactions with liquid water. They may preserve organic matter and signs of life that could tell us whether life was ever present in Jezero crater billions of years ago. The sediments here appear to have undergone physical and chemical changes after deposition—called diagenesis—when interacting with liquid water. These changes, which may have occurred in a lake or a shallow river plain and later when the sediments were shallowly buried, are often associated with favorable conditions for preserving signs of ancient life. However, these changes may also have resulted in the breakdown of these signs of life. This work reconstructs the geologic history of the Hogwallow Flats member and discusses the importance of these rocks for the search for ancient life on Mars. A total of three rock cores were collected by Perseverance from these rocks for return to Earth. These samples have very high potential to preserve organic matter and signs of ancient life. Key Points: Fine‐grained clastic sedimentary rocks at the Hogwallow Flats member underwent limited diagenesisDiagenesis may have occurred in a lake or a shallow river plain and later when the sediments were shallowly buriedMottling features, sulfates and clay minerals within drilled rock core samples for Mars Sample Return have high astrobiological potential [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: A previous single‐country pilot study indicated serum anti‐GM2 and anti‐GA1 anti‐glycolipid antibodies as potential biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. This study aims to validate these findings in a large geographically heterogenous cohort. Materials and Methods: Sera from 175 dogs clinically diagnosed with acute canine polyradiculoneuritis, 112 dogs with other peripheral nerve, cranial nerve or neuromuscular disorders and 226 neurologically normal dogs were screened for anti‐glycolipid antibodies against 11 common glycolipid targets to determine the immunoglobulin G anti‐glycolipid antibodies with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. Results: Anti‐GM2 anti‐glycolipid antibodies reached the highest combined sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity: 65.1%, 95% confidence interval 57.6 to 72.2%; specificity: 90.2%, 95% confidence interval 83.1 to 95.0%), followed by anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a anti‐glycolipid antibodies (sensitivity: 61.7%, 95% confidence interval 54.1 to 68.9%; specificity: 89.3%, 95% confidence interval 82.0 to 94.3%) and these anti‐glycolipid antibodies were frequently present concomitantly. Anti‐GA1 anti‐glycolipid antibodies were detected in both acute canine polyradiculoneuritis and control animals. Both for anti‐GM2 and anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a anti‐glycolipid antibodies, sex was found a significantly associated factor with a female to male odds ratio of 2.55 (1.27 to 5.31) and 3.00 (1.22 to 7.89), respectively. Anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a anti‐glycolipid antibodies were more commonly observed in dogs unable to walk (OR 4.56, 1.56 to 14.87). Clinical Significance: Anti‐GM2 and anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a immunoglobulin G anti‐glycolipid antibodies represent serum biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the utility of the Idexx ProCyte Dx® haematology analyser for assessing total nucleated cell count and differential cell counts in canine cerebrospinal fluid. Materials and Methods: Seventy‐three client‐owned dogs undergoing investigations for pyrexia and/or neurological signs were prospectively included. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were assessed using an Idexx ProCyte Dx® analyser and the results were compared to those obtained with the external laboratory reference standard. Results: The Idexx ProCyte Dx® performed with good sensitivity (92.6%) and moderate specificity (67.4%) for total nucleated cell count when compared to the reference standard. Qualitative assessment of the Idexx ProCyte Dx® scatter plots, and quantitative assessment of differential cell counts where available, appeared to correlate well with the external laboratory manual differential cell counts, with a good‐to‐high agreement in 25 of 26 samples (96.2%). Clinical Significance: The Idexx ProCyte Dx® analyser performed well in determining the total nucleated cell count and differential cell counts in canine cerebrospinal fluid when compared to a reference standard of external laboratory analysis, except for cell counts higher than ~1000/μL. As the Idexx ProCyte Dx® currently only provides a cell count in 10 cells/μL increments, software modification may improve agreement between the two methods. As in human medicine, automated methods may prove useful in the future for cerebrospinal fluid analysis in addition to manual assessment, particularly in an emergency setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, describes a case study of an 11-year-old female West Highland White Terrier who presented with sudden paralysis in the left pelvic limb. The dog underwent neurological examination and diagnostic tests, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord. The MRI revealed extensive intramedullary lesions in the thoracic and lumbar vertebral column, with minimal contrast enhancement and swelling of the spinal cord. The dog showed improvement with physiotherapy alone, but still had residual paresis and incontinence. The authors suggest that the findings are most consistent with a presumptive diagnosis of extensive ischaemic myelopathy. [Extracted from the article]

When a scholar dies in full career, friends and colleagues face a dilemma. Should potentially valuable but unfinished work be published, and if so how? In 1995 Jennifer Loach died [...]

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed mild mononuclear pleocytosis (7 cells/ L, ref<5) and increased protein (0.61 g/L, ref<0.30). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed multifocal leptomeningeal contrast enhancement and a left-sided, mildly T2W hyperintense, contrast-enhancing lesion in the left piriform lobe (Fig 1A, B). The dog remained bright and repeat MRI and CSF analysis after 2 months revealed slight enlargement of the left piriform lobe lesion (Fig 1C), increased CSF protein (0.76 g/L) but no pleocytosis (0 cells/ L). [Extracted from the article]

The clinical, imaging and histopathologic findings in this case are similar to those reported in humans with calcification of the ligamentum flavum, and in dogs with calcinosis circumscripta. A 4-year-6-month old, male neutered domestic rabbit presented with a 3-week history of progressive pelvic limb ataxia. The underlying cause in this case remains unknown but calcinosis circumscripta should be included in the differential diagnosis of cervical myelopathy in rabbits. [Extracted from the article]