Search

This paper presents a critical overview of thematic classes of stative verbs. To this end, we analyse three well-known thematic classifications of stative verb classes. While the main focus is on the works by Paducheva (1996; 2004), Spencer and Zaretskaya (2003) and Van Valin and LaPolla (1997), where relevant we comment on research by other authors. The goal of the study is to shed light on the different views regarding the properties of stative predicates from an aspectual and semantic perspective and to outline the main thematic classes that fall into the category of statives. Keywords: stative predicates, semantic typology, thematic classes and subclasses

The paper presents work in progress on the compilation and automatic annotation of a dataset comprising examples of stative verbs in parallel Bulgarian-Russian corpora with the goal of facilitating the elaboration of a classification of stative verbs in the two languages based on their lexical and semantic properties. We extract stative verbs from the Bulgarian and the Russian WordNets with their assigned conceptual information (frames) from FrameNet. We then assign the set of probable Bulgarian and Russian stative verbs to the verb instances in a parallel Bulgarian-Russian corpus using WordNet correspondences to filter out unlikely stative candidates. Further, manual inspection will ensure high quality of the resource and its application for the purposes of semantic analysis.

Our work is focused on the conceptual description of verbs by employing two main resources – the lexical semantic network WordNet and the conceptual frames from FrameNet. We implement a method for inheritance-based mapping between the two resources by transferring the frame assignments from a hypernym to its hyponyms. We discover that the method performs best for directly related pairs of synsets but deteriorates in assignment at two or more steps. The mapping is then used for enhancing each of the resources by expanding it with new entries and by contributing to the resources’ relational structure.

This work discusses three promising strategies for the compensation of deviations within the online phase of a cooperative energy management concept. Whereas in the planning phase, hourly schedules for the active electro‐thermal devices are negotiated on a daily basis, the second phase tracks the schedule, including forecast updates, and compensates the deviations. The latter online compensation is realized with a distributed and hierarchical‐distributed model predictive control strategies, which are compared with continuous rescheduling with receding horizon and evaluated in terms of computational and optimization performance and scalability. The optimization is implemented and deployed using an open‐source optimization framework, which automatically manages optimization control, integration of renewable generation and load forecasts, multi‐instantiation and communication over an internet of things communication protocol. We address the case of significant deviations from the day‐ahead forecast and the tracking of an obsolete schedule and suggest a combined method, which combines the advantages of rescheduling and a distributed MPC strategy. The method applies a dynamic threshold to evaluate the deviation trend over time and to decide if compensation is still feasible or if a rescheduling should be triggered. The methods are evaluated based on several performance indicators such as residual deviation, number of switching events and computation and communication requirements and scalability, and offer a methodology for the control design of systems of different dimensions.

This paper presents a tool for multi-objective cross-domain optimization of heterogenous energy and non-energy domains for urban areas in a comprehensive optimization approach. The multi-objective optimization concept facilitates the definition of any number of objective functions, versatile in their origin and properties, flexibly adaptable to area specifics or regional and communal priorities. The applied optimization for several domains at the lowest system level yields a comprehensive holistic solution optimal for the particular subsystem, as it is fitted for this subsystem according to its characteristics. The main advantage is the exploitation of cross-domain interactions and synergies and, therefore, the improved overall performance of the system. However, the cross-domain approach requires high-level modeling in order to overcome compatibility issues, which decreases the accuracy of domain-specific simulation and optimization compared to methods which apply detailed models. Based on the mathematical concept of multi-objective Pareto optimization, its adaptation, implementation and application in the context of Smart Cities are presented in detail. Several optimization formulations and methods are applied to the test scenario to demonstrate the concept, compare the results and evaluate the computational performance of the application. The e-constraint method appears to be better suitable for heterogeneous domains, as the weighted sum method is highly sensitive to weight setting for heterogeneous objectives. The computational performance is very good in terms of computation time but meets numerical limitations for samples of around 500 buildings, leading to numerical infeasibility for samples of 1300 buildings. This is solved with the presented method for model aggregation. The tool is available on GitHub.

This paper outlines procedures for enhancing WordNet with conceptual information from FrameNet. The mapping of the two resources is non-trivial. We define a number of techniques for the validation of the consistency of the mapping and the extension of its coverage which make use of the structure of both resources and the systematic relations between synsets in WordNet and between frames in FrameNet, as well as between synsets and frames). We present a case study on causativity, a relation which provides enhancement complementary to the one using hierarchical relations, by means of linking in a systematic way large parts of the lexicon. We show how consistency checks and denser relations may be implemented on the basis of this relation. We, then, propose new frames based on causative-inchoative correspondences and in conclusion touch on the possibilities for defining new frames based on the types of specialisation that takes place from parent to child synset.

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are known as a “pain in the neck” due to their idiosyncratic behaviour. While some categories of MWEs have been largely stud- ied, verbal MWEs (VMWEs) such as to take a walk, to break one’s heart or to turn off have been relatively rarely modelled. We describe an initiative meant to bring about substantial progress in understanding, modelling and processing VMWEs. In this joint effort carried out within a European research network we elaborated a universal terminology and annotation methodology for VMWEs. Its main outcomes, available under open licenses, are unified annotation guidelines, and a corpus of over 5.4 million words and 62 thousand annotated VMWEs in 18 languages. &nbsp

In this work, we propose the application of methods from Statistical Process Control (SPC) to evaluate and classify online load variations as neglectable common or as critical variations that require immediate actions. The SPC strategy is adapted to the specific requirements of load profile variation analysis and could offer a low-requirement option to cope with data unavailability in distribution grids. We investigate the feasibility of two control charts, Shewhart and exponentially weighted moving average, to provide insight into the development of the aggregated load profile in areas with limited monitoring and without communication with individual consumers. The performance of the control charts is compared in terms of deviation detection. To investigate the effect of data availability, load variations for 74 households are categorized according to the season, day and time of the day. Finally, the results of the adapted SPC method applied with specific and with general deviation information is compared. Tests showed that the adapted SPC method is feasible to support assumptions about the load curve trend if its limitations are taken into account.

This work presents the design and application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for energy management at city-district level. MPC is applied to find an optimal combination of buildings with dispatchable heating systems in order to compensate schedule and forecast deviations of demand and generation. The method combines global objectives, such as integration of renewabies and tracking of a negotiated schedule, together with local objectives, such as individual preferences regarding frequency of switching and thermal storage limitations. Here we present the MPC design with the corresponding system model, objective function and constraints. Based on a test scenario, we assess performance indicators, such as deviation remainder, number of switching events and effects on the individual schedules, and we demonstrate the eligibility of MPC for the application at aggregator level for energy management in city districts.

International audience; Multiword expressions (MWEs) are known as a "pain in the neck" for NLP due to their idiosyncratic behaviour. While some categories of MWEs have been addressed by many studies, verbal MWEs (VMWEs), such as to take a decision, to break one's heart or to turn off, have been rarely modelled. This is notably due to their syntactic variability, which hinders treating them as " words with spaces ". We describe an initiative meant to bring about substantial progress in understanding, modelling and processing VMWEs. It is a joint effort, carried out within a European research network, to elaborate universal terminologies and annotation guidelines for 18 languages. Its main outcome is a multilingual 5-million-word annotated corpus which underlies a shared task on automatic identification of VMWEs. This paper presents the corpus annotation methodology and outcome, the shared task organisation and the results of the participating systems.

In this work, we introduce the short-term phase of a cooperative energy management algorithm, which exploits the flexibilities arising from the shifted switching of heating systems and charging and discharging of thermal storage. The cooperative approach does not follow any financial gain optimization for individual households but rather targets a solution that is beneficial for all parties involved. We introduce profile deviation categories based on previous studies and define the concept of flexibility provided by the heating systems according to operational boundaries and the capacity of the thermal storage. Within this short-term phase of the energy management algorithm, the switching of the heating systems is coordinated in order to avoid transient effects due to simultaneous switching. Furthermore, occurring deviations from a day-ahead schedule are detected, evaluated and analyzed, and an adequate combination of resources to dispatch is calculated in order to compensate the deviations. The method evaluates shortterm weather forecasts and user behavior forecasts, statistical data and signals from the upper grid level. The short-term load compensation is based on local state estimation and includes grid aspects. We present here preliminary results from a case study for a radial grid segment from the model region, in which the combination of dispatch resources is calculated such that their distance from the location of the primary cause of the deviation is minimized.

This paper provides an analysis of high-resolution, fine-granularity data from the load profiles of thirty residential buildings in Upper Austria with regard to deviations from the expected profile. The standard load profile is taken as a reference curve and compared with the standard deviation of the actual data. The deviations are categorized according to the frequency of occurrence, magnitude and duration. Furthermore, dispatchable energy resources are assigned to each category, in order to link the study to the practical aspects of Smart Grids research. By means of the study results, requirements for the design of short-term control are defined.

The paper discusses several key concepts related to the development of corpora and reconsiders them in light of recent developments in NLP. On the basis of an overview of present-day corpora, we conclude that the dominant practices of corpus design do not utilise adequately the technologies and, as a result, fail to meet the demands of corpus linguistics, computational lexicology and computational linguistics alike.We proceed to lay out a data-driven approach to corpus design, which integrates the best practices of traditional corpus linguistics with the potential of the latest technologies allowing fast collection, automatic metadata description and annotation of large amounts of data. Thus, the gist of the approach we propose is that corpus design should be centred on amassing large amounts of mono- and multilingual texts and on providing them with a detailed metadata description and high-quality multi-level annotation.We go on to illustrate this concept with a description of the compilation, structuring, documentation, and annotation of the Bulgarian National Corpus (BulNC). At present it consists of a Bulgarian part of 979.6 million words, constituting the corpus kernel, and 33 Bulgarian-X language corpora, totalling 972.3 million words, 1.95 billion words altogether. The BulNC is supplied with a comprehensive metadata description, which allows us to organise the texts according to different principles. The Bulgarian part of the BulNC is automatically processed (tokenised and sentence split) and annotated at several levels: morphosyntactic tagging, lemmatisation, word-sense annotation, annotation of noun phrases and named entities. Some levels of annotation are also applied to the Bulgarian-English parallel corpus with the prospect of expanding multilingual annotation both in terms of linguistic levels and the number of languages for which it is available. We conclude with a brief evaluation of the quality of the corpus and an outline of its applications in NLP and linguistic research.

In order to build reliable and robust structures for the future power supply, flexibilities of electrical generation, consumption and storage have to be increased. Within Dual Demand Side Management, the feasibility of a city quarter to manage locally its energy supply and to stabilize the regional grid is investigated. The concept focuses on the potential thermal storage systems provided by the existing building stock and on heat pumps as well as combined heat and power systems as generation and flexible storage units. Further, the physical building model and the distribution grid model will be coupled to a multi-energy simulation platform, to investigate the energy management options and the load shifting potential. In this paper we present the challenges met in process of system modeling. The chosen approaches are presented in two main sections, modeling and simulation requirements, together with discussed alternative solutions, drawbacks and limitations. The section Modeling deals with the user model and electricity demand forecasting, the building and electrical models. Main issues in the development of the building model concern the lack of available information of residents' behavior and building characteristics for its parameterization. Computational issues regarding the multi-energy simulation platform are discussed separately for the model coupling, the electrical and thermal simulation in the section Simulation Requirements.

In this paper we focus on verbal multiword expressions (VMWEs) in Bulgarian and Roma- nian as reflected in the wordnets of the two languages. The annotation of VMWEs relies on the classification defined within the PARSEME Cost Action. After outlining the properties of various types of VMWEs, a cross- language comparison is drawn, aimed to highlight the similarities and the differences between Bulgarian and Romanian with respect to the lexicalization and distribution of VMWEs. The contribution of this work is in outlining essential features of the description and classification of VMWEs and the cross-language comparison at the lexical level, which is essential for the understanding of the need for uniform annotation guidelines and a viable procedure for validation of the annotation.