Search

The article describes the variable and transitory nature of the national culture component in the semantics of idioms. It demonstrates the dependence of the national culture component identification on the pair of languages chosen for the analysis, their close or distant affinity, and the affinity of cultures, connected with those languages. The author shows how the inclusion of a third language in the analysis may radically influence the possibility of revealing a national culture component. It is asserted that the connection of an idiom with culture is easily traceable, while the definition of this connection as specific may constitute a problem. In conclusion, the necessity to further elaborate and specify the concept of the national culture component is indicated.

The article is aimed at a brief overview of the three basic lines of the cognitive approach to phraseological studies in Russian linguistics: modelling the concepts, represented by phraseological units, applying the theory of frames to the analysis of the formation of phraseological semantics, and interpreting the conceptual foundations of phraseological semantics against the cultural background. The most significant characteristics and variety of the three lines of research are determined; herewith the connection of these lines with one another is stated. The relation of the lines of cognitive approach to the paradigmatic and syntagmatic studies of phraseological signs is established. The article reveals the dominance of synchronic-diachronic view of the semantics of phraseological units, taking into account their etymology and the actual motivation, as well as their usage in the text. In conclusion, the prospects of the studies of phraseological units within the framework of cognitive linguistics are stated.

This study is devoted to the distribution of trophic groups of zoobenthos in the Arctic Ocean. The patterns of distribution of detritus feeders, seston feeders, and predators along the bottom of the Arctic polar basin are analyzed. The object of the study is the geoecology of the distribution of food groups of benthic animals in the polar regions. The subject of the study is the methods used in assessing the distribution of zoobenthos with different types of nutrition in the polar regions. The results of the work are based on the analysis of the vertical and horizontal structures of the distribution of benthic fauna, reflected in the map of the distribution of trophic groups of zoobenthos and systematized in the distribution table of the leading species of zoobenthos in the Arctic Ocean. To assess the patterns of geoecological distribution of zoobenthos according to the method of feeding, the following were used: actual and cartographic scientific data on the relief, soils, waters, ice cover, maps on the distribution of plankton and the content of organic matter in bottom sediments, as well as data on the trophic characteristics of the benthic fauna of the polar regions, leading biocenoses of the polar regions and geoecological conditions for the existence of benthic fauna in the polar regions. This article presents a map of the distribution of zoobenthos in the Arctic Ocean (according to literary sources), developed by the author, and a table of distribution of guide species of zoobenthos trophic groups in various areas of the Arctic Ocean, compiled by the author based on literary sources. The obtained results of the distribution of food groups of zoobenthos can be used in further detailed assessment of food reserves of bioresources in the polar regions of the World Ocean and their consumption; when designing the economic development of the polar regions; during landscape monitoring.

The research aim was to investigate the influence and localization of cryopreserved bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells when intravenousy administered into the animals with chronic ovary inflammation. The results of histological examination showed a reparative activation with a tendency to morphology normalization of ovarian tissue on the background of inflammatory manifestation extinction in the experimental animals under condition of cell therapy. To the 21st day in the control group with physiological solution administration, total number of follicles relative to intact animals (18.3 ± 4.52%) was reduced (7.4 ± 2.18%), and 85.3 ± 5.2% oocytes had the signs of apoptosis (Annexin+). In the experimental group the number of follicles was significantly increased to the amount of 15.3 ± 1.8%, and the one of apoptotic oocytes declined (5.7 ± 0.8%) versus the control. Fluorescent microscopy of cryostatic ovary slices of the animals treated with PKH-26 labeled cells showed the presence of diffuse distribution of luminescent objects which were of small cell conglomerates shape. Cryopreserved bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells under condition of intravenous administration in the animals with chronic ovary inflammation were established to cause a modulating effect on inflammation course, induce the folliculogenesis recovery and being revealed in the ovaries of experimental animals to the 10th and 21st days of therapy.

Over the last century, only two cases of ocular oxyspirurosis were recorded in primates, both in zoos, and two species were described: in Berlin, Germany, Oxyspirura (O.) conjunctivalis from the lemurid Microcebus murinus, later also found in the lorisid Loris gracilis; in Jacksonville, Florida, O. (O.) youngi from the cercopithecid monkey Erythrocebus patas. In the present case from the Moscow zoo, oxyspirurosis was recorded in several species of Old World lemuriforms and lorisiforms, and some South American monkeys. i) The intermediate host was discovered to be a cockroach, as for O. (O.) mansoni, a parasite of poultry. The complete sequence identity between ITS-1 rDNA from adult nematodes of the primate and that of the larval worms from the vector, Nauphoete cinerea, confirmed their conspecificity. ii) Parasites from Moscow zoo recovered from Nycticebus c. coucang were compared morphologically to those from other zoos. The length and shape of the gubernaculum, used previously as a distinct character, were found to be variable. However, the vulvar bosses arrangement, the distal extremity of left spicule and the position of papillae of the first postcloacal pair showed that the worms in the different samples were not exactly identical and that each set seemed characteristic of a particular zoo. iii) The presence of longitudinal cuticular crests in the infective stage as well as in adult worms was recorded. Together with several other morphological and biological characters (long tail and oesophagus, cockroach vector), this confirmed that Oxyspirura is not closely related to Thelazia, another ocular parasite genus. iv) The disease in the Moscow zoo is thought to have started with Nycticebus pygmaeus imported fromVietnam, thus the suggestion was that Asiatic lorisids were at the origin of the Moscow set of cases. The natural host(s) for the Berlin and Jacksonville cases remain unknown but they are unlikely to be the species found infected in zoos. Consequently the notion of type hosts is artificial and the three agents of oxyspirurosis are provisionally placed in the taxon O. (O.) conjunctivalis.

The Renormalization group method (RG) is applied to the investigation of the E model of critical dynamics, which describes the transition from the normal to the superfluid phase in He4. The technique “Sector decomposition” with R’ operation is used for the calculation of the Feynman diagrams. The RG functions, critical exponents and critical dynamical exponent z, which determines the growth of the relaxation time near the critical point, have been calculated in the two-loop approximation in the framework of ε-expansion. The relevance of a fixed point for helium, where the dynamic scaling is weakly violated, is briefly discussed.

The actuality of this research is determined by the acceptance of standards where a new sense of a concept "educational results" is given. Thus, a necessity to evaluate subject, cross-curriculum and personal results of students appears. The ways to evaluate the level of organization of the universal educational actions are reflected in the educational programs on each subject and in the programs of extracurricular activities. The FEM are worked out to monitor and check students' educational achievements with the requirements of the basic educational program in accordance with the requirements of standards.