Search

Liability for the illicit production and trafficking of pornographic materials or objects, production and trafficking of materials or objects with pornographic images of minors, and the use of a minor for the production of pornographic materials or objects is provided for in Articles 242, 242.1, 242.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. A prerequisite for the effective investigation of such crimes is the classification of seized material as pornographic, for which, in most cases, specialized knowledge is used. Purpose: to analyze the problems of determining the area of specialized knowledge required in the investigation of crimes under Articles 242, 242.1, 242.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In the result of the study, the article identifies the main types of specialized knowledge used in deciding whether to classify materials or objects as pornographic. The article formulates the subject, object and tasks of forensic examination of pornographic materials. It is shown that the examination of pornographic materials and examinations that establish the impact of such materials on society and the individual have different research objects.

Unlike stroke, neurosurgical removal of left-hemisphere gliomas acts upon a reorganized language network and involves brain areas rarely damaged by stroke. We addressed whether this causes the profiles of neurosurgery- and stroke-induced language impairments to be distinct. K-means clustering of language assessment data (neurosurgery cohort: N = 88, stroke cohort: N = 95) identified similar profiles in both cohorts. But critically, a cluster of individuals with specific phonological deficits was only evident in the stroke but not in the neurosurgery cohort. Thus, phonological deficits are less clearly distinguished from other language deficits after glioma surgery compared to stroke. Furthermore, the correlations between language production and comprehension scores at different linguistic levels were more extensive in the neurosurgery than in the stroke cohort. Our findings suggest that neurosurgery-induced language impairments do not correspond to those caused by stroke, but rather manifest as a moderate global aphasia - a generalized decline of language processing abilities.

The relevance of the study is determined by a need to identify areas for assessment in the quality of education, plus options for evaluating these educational qualities through an assessment of their educational environment. The of the study is to examine options for the application of international SACERS scales. This is in order to assess the educational environment of Russian schools in general, and also to identify the educational environment of schools in the Moscow region. Methods of research: The leading method for the study of this issue is through observation via the use of SACERS scales. Results of the study: The authors of the study have proved - as well as experimentally demonstrated - the potential for using the SACERS scales as a tool for assessing the educational environment of Moscow schools. The features of this specific educational environment were also revealed. Practical significance: The data obtained using the SACERS scales reveal the content characteristics of an educational environment, set the criteria for its development and can become the basis for designing the educational environment of other specific educational organisations. Assessment of the educational environment, using the SACERS scales and its data, can be used in the method of assessment and management of the quality of education.

The assembly of single-amplified genomes (SAGs) and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) has led to a surge in genome-based discoveries of members affiliated with Archaea and Bacteria, bringing with it a need to develop guidelines for nomenclature of uncultivated microorganisms. The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) only recognizes cultures as 'type material', thereby preventing the naming of uncultivated organisms. In this Consensus Statement, we propose two potential paths to solve this nomenclatural conundrum. One option is the adoption of previously proposed modifications to the ICNP to recognize DNA sequences as acceptable type material; the other option creates a nomenclatural code for uncultivated Archaea and Bacteria that could eventually be merged with the ICNP in the future. Regardless of the path taken, we believe that action is needed now within the scientific community to develop consistent rules for nomenclature of uncultivated taxa in order to provide clarity and stability, and to effectively communicate microbial diversity.

Relevance of the research: This is determined by an obligation to search for opportunities that can potentially make use of play activities observed during the development of play competencies in pre-school children. The purpose of the study: Its purpose is to identify the features of game playing competencies at pre-school age, to determine the dynamics of development of their abilities at senior pre-school age, and to explore variations in the gaming abilities of the children. Methods of research: The principal method in the study of this problem is the included observation. This approach has enabled a comprehensive analysis of the play competences of children of senior pre-school age. Results of the research: The authors present the specifics of the development of play skills in senior pre-school children. They also verify the features of play competencies in groups of girls and boys, as well as identify the structural organization of the play abilities in the senior pre-school age. Practical significance: The materials of the article can be of practical use for pre-school organizations and establishments, as an aid for training and improving the professional qualifications of teachers of pre-school organizations, plus in the practice of family education.

Modern scientific approaches to evaluation of the strategic capacity category are explored in the paper. The relevance of the problem of evaluating strategic potential of an enterprise operating in the agricultural sector for the development of effective management decisions is underlined. A systematic approach to evaluating the strategic potential is suggested, within which the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches to assessing the strategic potential of a company are considered, factors influencing the strategic capacity framework are identified, and evaluation criteria are determined. Practical recommendations are developed for evaluating the level of strategic capacity for selecting a development strategy in relation to agricultural businesses. The results obtained are original since they show the effects of strategic potential evaluation for the specific company. As a result of the study, a model for assessing the level of strategic capacity of an agricultural enterprise is developed based on a systematic approach.

The article examines the concept of food security as a key element of the country’s national security system, describes its tasks in the context of sanctions pressures on the main sectors of the economy, including agriculture. The author’s classification of the factors influencing the provision of food security in Russia is given, their content and dynamics of development are disclosed. The definition of agricultural business processes is given, the classification of their types and decomposition for the sub-sector of field farming with the allocation of precision agriculture is given. The problematic field of practical implementation of the process of digital transformation of the agricultural sector has been identified and the main directions for overcoming it have been outlined.

Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death, is triggered by oxidative stress in cancer, heat stress in plants, and hemorrhagic stroke. A homeostatic transcriptional response to ferroptotic stimuli is unknown. We show that neurons respond to ferroptotic stimuli by induction of selenoproteins, including antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Pharmacological selenium (Se) augments GPX4 and other genes in this transcriptional program, the selenome, via coordinated activation of the transcription factors TFAP2c and Sp1 to protect neurons. Remarkably, a single dose of Se delivered into the brain drives antioxidant GPX4 expression, protects neurons, and improves behavior in a hemorrhagic stroke model. Altogether, we show that pharmacological Se supplementation effectively inhibits GPX4-dependent ferroptotic death as well as cell death induced by excitotoxicity or ER stress, which are GPX4 independent. Systemic administration of a brain-penetrant selenopeptide activates homeostatic transcription to inhibit cell death and improves function when delivered after hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke.

The complex analysis of development of hop-growing for 1971-2015 is carried out. In the conditions of the field experiment made in the Chuvash Republic hop-growing intensification elements--technology of its cultivation, mechanization are fulfilled. Based on researches it is established that the main internal allowance of increase in efficiency of hop-growing is transition to resource-saving low-cost technology of cultivation of hop now. The resource-saving technology of cultivation of hop using a complex of machines allows to reduce labor costs from 500-600 to 180 people--days by 1 hectare, promotes increase in productivity of cones for 30-40% and quality for 15-20%.

The paper describes the migration policy pursued in the Soviet Union in the second half of the 20th century on the example of the Smolensk region. The research describes the processes of the urban and rural population migration both within the region and beyond its aisles. The authors give examples of population movement from the Smolensk region to the Far East, Kazakhstan, the Kaliningrad region, the Crimea. It is concluded that in comparison with previous centuries, over the past thirty years the ethnic composition of the Smolensk region has changed slightly.