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This paper is devoted to a situational assessment and analysis of emerging environmental risks from the impact of freight transport unregistered in the Samara region and passing through it. Data on the number of vehicles registered in the region were analyzed, and the main factors of the negative impact of transport on the ecological situation in the region were identified. A methodology for accounting for transit freight transport passing through the territory of the Samara region is given and an assessment of the negative impact of car exhaust gases on the environment is made Based on the results of the study, quantitative indicators of pollutants from mobile sources were obtained, conclusions were drawn and measures were offered to reduce emissions of harmful substances through the introduction of new ways of interaction between road and rail transport, introducing the organization of piggyback transportation everywhere, using the environmental friendliness of rail and mobility of road transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]